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Sikh History As Reflected in Bhai Mani Singh's Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala

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Sikh History As Reflected in Bhai Mani Singh's Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala ISSN: 2455-6440, Volume I1I, Issue IV, (July- Sept.2018), PP 227-234 www.SarhadEPatrika.com SIKH HISTORY AS REFLECTED IN BHAI MANI SINGH’S SIKHAN DI BHAGAT MALA (BHAGAT RATNAWALI) Gurjeet Kaur Dr. Hardeep Kaur Research Scholar Ph.d (History) Roll No. A156821002 Assistant Professor, Department of UCBS&H, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, History UCBS&H, Guru Kashi Bathinda. University, Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda. Abstract Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala (Bhagat Ratnawali) is the important and significant creation which is associated with Bhai Mani Singh. This is the annotation of the eleventh Var of Bhai Gurdas. In the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, Bhai Mani Singh answers the querries of the Sikhs. In the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, there are the Saakhis of twenty one Sikhs of Guru Nanak Dev, fifteen of Guru Angad Dev, eleven of Guru Amar Das, twenty of Guru Ram Das, twenty of Guru Arjun Dev and thirty seven Sikhs of Guru Hargobind, have been registered. The main subject and the theme of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala is purely religious but if it is deeply scrutinized, it is found that there has also been provided information about the political, religious, social and economical conditions of the times. KEYWORDS:- Sikh Gurus, Sikh, Hindu, Muslim, Mughal emperors. Page 227 of 234 A Review Under the World Library Indexing Journal www.SarhadEPatrika.com ISSN: 2455-6440, Volume I1I, Issue IV, (July- Sept.2018), PP 227-234 www.SarhadEPatrika.com Introduction:- Bhai Mani Singh is remembered with respect and love in the Sikh history. He offered whole of his life in the service of the Guru's and the Khalsa Panth. His martyrdom is peculiar and distinctive one in the Sikh history. He was a great Sikhs Scholar also besides being a valiant soldier and a great martyr. He made a precious and priceless contribution to the Sikh history. The Sikhs had undergone extreme tyrannies and barbarities, approximately for twenty five years from 1708 to 1734 AD. But Bhai Mani Singh had been a man of firm resolution and full faith in Sikhism, so he continued to secure the Gurbani of the Gurus and the precious Sikh history.1 Bhai Mani Singh wrote several books from which a significant and vital information about the Sikh history is found. It is known from Sewa Singh's Shaheed Bilas that Bhai Mani Singh started writing Saakhis since he attained the age of thirty five.2 While residing at Anandpur Saheb, whenever he would be free from despensement of his duties of the Community Kitchen-langer Sewa, and found spare time, he would learn the interpretation and the explanation of the holy verses from Guru Gobind Singh. With the order of the Guru, he started wirting Pothis, so that the message of the the Gurbani could be spread far and wide to the optimal level. Obeying the order of the Guru, he would tell the interpretation, explanation and anecdotes and the religious discoure related to the Gurbani, to the congregation. The discourse to this effect is found in Sewa Singh's Shaheed Bilas: Katha Roz Guru Granth Ki Sangat Tayee Sunae Anandpur Kuchh Samay Im Beet Gayo Thi Aaya3 Gyani Gyan Singh has included his name among the fifty two gems of Guru Gobind Singh's Darbar.4 For, telling the Sikhs the interpretation of Guru Granth Saheb, he was given the title of Gyani. According to Bhai Kahan Singh Nabha, Gyani means, he who has attained knowledge and is resourceful of knowledge. 5 None of the creations (especially literary) could be found with the name of Bhai Mani Singh in written from yet various important creations have been associated with his name.6 The following literary creations are supposed to be associated with the name of Bhai Mani Singh: Page 228 of 234 A Review Under the World Library Indexing Journal www.SarhadEPatrika.com ISSN: 2455-6440, Volume I1I, Issue IV, (July- Sept.2018), PP 227-234 www.SarhadEPatrika.com 1. Gyan Ratnawali (Janamsaakhi) 2. Bhagat Ratnawali (Sikhan di Bhagatmala) 3. Gurbilas Patshahi Chhevin ate Dasvin 4. Bir’s (Sri Guru Granth Saheb ate Dasam Granth) 5. Ik Chitthi 6. Japuji da Teeka, Shardha Puran Granth, Uthaankawan.7 Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala (Bhagat Ratnawali) is the important and significant creation which is associated with Bhai Mani Singh. This is the annotation of the eleventh Var of Bhai Gurdas.Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala and Gyan Ratnawali both are the popular famous creations of Punjabi language. Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, despite being a manuscript, had also been edited by Bhai Vir Singh, Gobind Singh Lamba and Dharam Chand Vatish like several scholars. The scholars are divided in their opinion on the issue of the author of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala. Bhai Vir Singh considers it the creation of Bhai Mani Singh except its portion which is contradictory and controversial to the Gurmat Darshan- the philosophy of the Guru's wisdom.8 According to Tarlochan Singh, Bhai Mani Singh did not create the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala.9 Rattan Singh Jaggi says that Gyan Ratnawali and Bhagat Ratnawali (Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala), both are the elucidations of the same exegete (interpreter) and that exegete is none other than Bhai Mani Singh but the scribe of these two is Gyani Surat Singh.10 According to Surinder Singh Kohli, there are two famous and popular creations of Bhai Mani Singh Gyan Ratanwali and Bhagat Ratnawali to his credit. There are some annotational works also which are related to Bhai Mani Singh, but in the beginning of these annotations, it seems as if some Sikh devotee other than Bhai Mani Singh is speaking. Thus, this fact, regarding the annotations, creates a doubt that these may not be related to Bhai Mani Singh but to some one else.11 Jagjit Singh in his Doctorate research work of Ph.D. has written, "Thus creation is related to Bhai Mani Singh but its internal evidence does not prove it to be so.12 In the foreword to the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala the editor, Bhai Vir Singh has written that Bhai Mani Singh had written these elucidations after having listened to them from Guru Gobind Singh.13 In the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, Bhai Mani Singh answers the querries of the Sikhs. In its seventh stanza, the Sikhs ask questions regarding the four Ashramas (four divisions of life according to Hinduism) and the four Varnas- the four castes of the Hinduism, in respond to these querries Bhai Mani Singh told the Sikhs: The four Castes Page 229 of 234 A Review Under the World Library Indexing Journal www.SarhadEPatrika.com ISSN: 2455-6440, Volume I1I, Issue IV, (July- Sept.2018), PP 227-234 www.SarhadEPatrika.com are Brahmin, Krhatrya, Vaishaya and Shudra and the four different segments of life according to the Hinduism are celibations Brahamcharya Aashram, a life as student, married state having a family Grihasat Aashram, Vanprastha Aashram-renunciation of family life and retirement to forests to practise austerities and meditation, and Sanyas monasticism; the fourth state of the life- to become a monk or sanyasi.14 From the above discussion, it is very much explicit, that Bhai Mani Singh is considered the author/writer of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala to the elucidations Bhai Mani Singh administered to the Sikhs in Sikh congregations; Bhai Surat Singh gave the written shape. Nothing can be said confidently about the time of the creation of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala. It is possible that Bhai Mani Singh may have written the utterences of these Saakhis before 1707-08 AD, for there is a Pothi available with the Sikh Reference Library, Amritsar (Sro No. 7398) which was written in the company/association of Kaladhari, and Baba Kaladhari had died in 1737 AD.15 The Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala is an annotation of the thirty one stanzas of the eleventh Var of Bhai Gurdas. Bhai Gurdas wrote only the names of the six Gurus and the Sikhs in his Var but Bhai Mani Singh has written about the lives of the Sikhs and their model code of living life initiated by Guru Gobind Singh and his pre decessor Gurus. In the first twelve stanzas of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, the Guru's precepts have been explained and annotated.16 From thirteenth to thirty first stanzas the names of the prominent Sikhs right from the time period of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Har gobind and the discourse of their lives have been written in the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala.17 There are names of all the Sikhs in totalily but there are the names only of the Sikhs who had some peculiar traits of character and to whom the Guru assigned the job of preaching.18 At the end of the 139th Saakhi it is found written: The annotation of the eleventh Var ends here.The explanation to names of the Sikhs, which Bhai Gurdas had written, has been done as, according to us, it ought to be.19 It is known from the eighteenth Saakhi of the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala that objective of Bhai Mani Singh to inculcate the good moral human values in the Sikhs.20 In the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala, there are the Saakhis of twenty one Sikhs of Guru Nanak Dev, fifteen of Guru Angad Dev, eleven of Guru Amar Das, twenty of Guru Ram Das, twenty of Guru Arjun Dev and thirty seven Sikhs of Guru Hargobind, have been registered.21 There is Page 230 of 234 A Review Under the World Library Indexing Journal www.SarhadEPatrika.com ISSN: 2455-6440, Volume I1I, Issue IV, (July- Sept.2018), PP 227-234 www.SarhadEPatrika.com no other source than the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala to know about the lives of the Sikhs mentioned about in the Var of Bhai Gurdas.22 According to Surinder Singh Kohli, the names of the Sikhs written by Bhai Gurdas might have been mere names had Bhai Mani Singh not written the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala.23 There is also a written discourse in the Sikhan Di Bhagat Mala in Saakhis at Sr.
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