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Landscape Character Assessment Yorkshire Dales National Park 2

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Landscape Character Assessment Yorkshire Dales National Park 2 1 Howgill Fells, from the Rawthey Valley the Rawthey from Fells, Howgill Landscape Character Assessment Yorkshire Dales National Park 2 Contents 1 Introduction 3 Scope and purpose 3 Approach 4 Special qualities 4 Geographical context 4 Physical influences 6 Historical and cultural influences 7 Buildings and settlement 8 Landcover 8 2 Landscape character 10 The Yorkshire Dales landscape 10 Landscape classification 13 3 Forces for change 17 A changing landscape 17 Principal overarching forces for change 18 in the YDNP Managing change in the YDNP 22 Potential effects of selected forces for 24 change on YDNP landscapes Lune Valley - drumlins at the foot of the Howgill Fells ANNEXES A Landscape character types in 31 C Settlement guidance 37 D Gateways to the National Park 59 adjacent local authority areas Sedbergh 38 Kirkby Lonsdale 60 Hawes/Gayle 41 Ingleton 61 Grassington/Threshfield 44 Settle 62 B Contribution to landscape 33 Reeth 47 Gargrave 63 character - comparative analysis Barbon 50 Skipton 64 Casterton 52 Richmond 65 Landscape elements & features across Long Preston 54 Kirkby Stephen 66 the YDNP: Embsay 57 M6/Tebay 67 DALES UPLANDS E Acknowledgements 68 3 1 Introduction 1.1 Scope and purpose The stunning, evocative landscapes of the Yorkshire Dales are designated as a national park in recognition of their exceptional scenic beauty. The sweeping moorland summits, carved by intimate dales and dramatic limestone features are traced with patterns of stone walls, barns, settlement and industry that reveal a legacy of land use dating back through the centuries. This is a landscape of national importance, which forms part of our collective identity. By classifying, analysing and describing the distinctive characteristics of the different landscapes found in the national park, the landscape character assessment (LCA) can be used to inform decisions about landscape planning and management which guide positive landscape change. The LCA takes account of the key drivers for change in the Yorkshire Dales National Park (YDNP) and also provides guidance for built development, land management and recreation including specific guidelines for development capacity and constraint in the National Park’s larger settlements. The aim is to conserve and enhance the distinctive landscape character of the Yorkshire Dales landscape, counteracting forces for change that may otherwise erode local distinctiveness. The LCA underpins the Yorkshire Dales National Park Management Plan1 and is an important tool that can be used to deliver the vision articulated in this key policy document. It will also be used to: • inform the development of policy in the Yorkshire D Gateways to the National Park Dales National Park Local Plan; Kirkby Lonsdale • provide evidence to steer delivery of specific Ingleton National Park Management Plan objectives, Settle for instance in relation to housing land release, Gargrave woodland creation, recreation and access; Skipton • target investment in conservation activity by Richmond identifying spatial priorities for the funding and Kirkby Stephen management of programmes for restoring M6/Tebay distinctive landscape features such as barns, walls, green lanes and hedgerows; and E Acknowledgements • promote understanding and enjoyment of the YDNP. 1 Yorkshire Dales National Park Management Plan 2019-2024, YORKSHIRE DALES NATIONAL PARK LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION 4 Figure 1 Location - regional context 1.2 Approach character across the National Park. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019 COUNTY DURHAM The first LCA for the YDNP was prepared in 20022. The Four annexes provide additional analysis. Annex A Darlington presents a map to show the classification of regional Brough Barnard detailed classification and description of landscape Castle landscape character types in each of the existing character set out in this report remains relevant and North Pennines published landscape character assessments for the has been used as the basis for this updated LCA. AONB local authority areas that border the National Park. The methodology follows national good practice3 with Kirkby Annex B provides tables to compare the contribution Stephen a carefully planned, phased programme of research, made by key landscape elements and features to data collation, fieldwork and landscape classification. landscape character across the YDNP. Annex C EDEN DISTRICT Richmond Key changes from the original (2002) study are that provides an assessment of the landscape settings of the Reeth this new LCA: larger settlements within the National Park, together Windermere • simplifies and reduces the LCA content to create a with guidance for built development which contributes RICHMONDSHIRE more concise, user-friendly document; positively to their distinctive sense of place. Annex D Hawes • extends the LCA to include the whole of the YDNP, identifies key views and areas of significant sensitivity Kendal Leyburn Sedbergh Bainbridge including the extension areas which were added to within the landscape setting of the National Park at the the National Park in 2016; principal vehicular gateways. SOUTH LAKELAND • includes strategic guidance for managing positive DISTRICT change; 1.3 Special qualities Kirkby • locates and articulates many of the special qualities Lonsdale and features of the YDNP; and The landscapes of the YDNP are of national importance for their natural beauty (which includes wildlife and • presents the LCA in an illustrative, accessible way Arnside and - as a web-based resource as well as a report. cultural heritage) and the opportunities they provide Silverdale Nidderdale AONB Ingleton CRAVEN DISTRICT for open-air recreation. The statutory purposes which AONB This principal LCA report provides the context for the underpin national park legislation4 require that national study, including the geography, geology, heritage and parks conserve and enhance that natural beauty and LANCASTER Morecambe DISTRICT Grassington landcover character of the YDNP. It describes the promote opportunities for the understanding and Settle hierarchy of landscape character types at a regional enjoyment of their special qualities by the public. HARROGATE scale and the classification of 19 landscape character Lancaster DISTRICT areas that have been used to structure the landscape The special qualities of the YDNP are described in Heysham character assessment. A set of 19 separate reports, the National Park Management Plan,5 along with the Forest of Bowland one for each of the YDNP’s landscape character areas, vision for the National Park and the specific objectives AONB accompanies the study. that the partnership of local organisations that operate RIBBLE VALLEY in the National Park intend to achieve over the next five Skipton 0 5 10 20 km The character and condition of the National Park’s years. landscapes are influenced by external forces for Yorkshire Dales National Park Boundary change such as government policy (and availability of The LCA aims to describe the special qualities of Lake District National Park Boundary funding) for agriculture, renewable energy and forestry. the Yorkshire Dales, showing where the distinctive Other pressures might come from the shifting market physical, cultural and perceptual landscape features Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) for built development, traffic and tourism. Section 3 in and elements are found in each of the National Park’s County boundary this principal report focuses on the forces for change 19 landscape character areas. Not all of the special District boundary that are considered to have the strongest influence qualities listed in the Management Plan can be on landscape character and provides guidance for mapped, but the detailed landscape character area managing these drivers for change with the aim of reports contain maps that show the distribution of reinforcing variations in distinctive local landscape selected YDNP special qualities, for which spatial data is available, for each of the landscape character areas. 2 Yorkshire Dales National Park Landscape Character Assessment, Estell Warren Landscape Architects, 2002 4 Section 61 of the Environment Act, 1995 3 An approach to landscape character assessment, Christine Tudor, Natural England, 2014 5 Refer to Footnote 1 YORKSHIRE DALES NATIONAL PARK LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION 5 Figure 2 Figure 3 Topography and drainage Simplified geology P E N N I N E Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019 Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019 Based on the 1:625,000 Bedrock Geology British Geological Survey Map (redrawn and much simplified) Barnard Castle Barnard Castle F A U L T S Darlington Brough P e n n i n e s Darlington River Brough Eden Lake District Kirkby Kirkby Fells Stephen Stephen River Lune Tan Hill Gunnerside Richmond Richmond Moor Howgill Windermere Reeth Windermere Great Shunner Fells Fell River Swale Reeth Bolton Moors Baugh Sedbergh Hawes Fell Hawes Kendal Leyburn Kendal Bainbridge Leyburn Bainbridge Sedbergh River Ure River Dee F A U L T River Bain River Lune Dodd Fell Bishopdale Beck Leck Fell D E N T Kirkby Kirkby Lonsdale Lonsdale Walden Moor River Ribble River Pen-y- Wharfe Ingleborough ghent River Skirfare Grassington Moor River Fountains Ingleton Ingleton Nidder Fell Morecambe Grassington Morecambe Settle Grassington Settle C R A V E N F A U L T S River Lancaster Irish Lancaster Embsay Heysham Heysham Moor Sea Bowland Wharfe
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