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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 540-546 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 11 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.711.064 Sustainable Food Processing Activities for Food and Livelihood Security among Rural Women in Dharwad District of Karnataka J.K. Sarojani1*, J.S. Hilli2 and C.J. Kumar3 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India 2Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India 3Soyabean Scheme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT In rural India, the percentage of women who depend on agriculture for their livelihood is as high as 84%.Apart from participation in actual cultivation; women participate in various forms of processing and marketing of agricultural produce. Women accounted for 93% of total employment in dairy production. To begin with training programmes were started to self-help groups (SHG) on labour saving equipment, processing, value addition and K e yw or ds storage of grains followed by model processing units establishment in rural areas. Workshops and melas were also conducted for empowerment of women in SHGs. Shelf help groups, Realizing the various benefits of forming SHG the women of Harobelavadi formed a “Sri. Millet‟s vermicelli, Economics, Roti Veerabhadrshwara Raita Mahileyara Swa Sahaya Sangha” comprising of 10 likeminded making farm women in the group which started Roti making as an income generating activity. The income per woman gradually increased from Rs 3600/ month in 2011 to Rs. 13, 333/month Article Info during 2015.Vermicelli production activity was taken up by Shri Padmavati SHG, Garag. The Vermicelli activity was carried out in the months of January to May. Total quantity of Accepted: 07 October 2018 vermicelli produced during the first year was 75 kg with a profit of Rs. 82, 000 and at the end of the year 2015 production was around 130 kg and the total net income generated was Available Online: 10 November 2018 Rs. 1, 30, 000/- in a span of 4 months. The Bhagyalaxmi Home Products group underwent the training of millet products and started the preparation of the products and participating in the exhibitions. Different products viz., Foxtail millet and Finger millet products like murukku, Laddu, Nippattu, Bajara Nippattu and Roti etc., were prepared and sold. In a span of five years the production raised to 450 kg by the group and the net income realized was Rs.29, 250/ -in 2015 as an additional income from IGA. Introduction cultivators and about 47% percent of agricultural laborers. These statistics do not In rural India, the percentage of women who account for work in livestock, fisheries and depend on agriculture for their livelihood is as various other ancillary forms of food high as 84%. Women make up about 33% of production in the country (Rao and Krishna, 540 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 540-546 2006). In 2009, 94% of the female agricultural problems faced by women. The transfer of labor force in crop cultivation were in cereal technology through Front line demonstrations, production, while 1.4% worked in vegetable OFT and Training programmes and other production, and 3.72% were engaged in fruits, extension activities were framed based on the nuts, beverages, and spice crops (Singh and PRA technique. To begin with training Sengupta, 2009). Women's participation rate programmes were started to SHGs on labour in the agricultural sectors is about 47% in tea saving equipment, processing, value addition plantations, 46.84% in cotton cultivation, and storage of grains fallowed by model 45.43% growing oil seeds and 39.13% in processing units establishment in rural areas. vegetable production. (Boell foundation, Workshops and melas were also conducted for 2009) empowerment of women in SHGs. In some of the farm activities like processing The beneficiaries were identified through and storage, women predominate so strongly linkages with farm women groups (Stri Shakti that men workers are numerically group, WYTEP group), grama panchayats, insignificant. About 60 percent of agricultural NGOs, departments officials. The urgent need operations like sowing of seeds, transportation of the farm women was income generating of sapling, winnowing, storage of grain etc are activities to boost their income along with handled exclusively by women, while in other routine activities and demanded for hands on jobs they share the work with women. Apart training for processing activities, value from participation in actual cultivation, addition, packaging and registration of SHG‟s women participate in various forms of in the DIC for getting loan facilities and processing and marketing of agricultural branding of their products. Initially around produce. Women accounted for 93% of total 240 women participated for training employment in dairy production. (Aggarwal programmes from villages Yadawad, 2003). Marewad, Mangalagatti, Garag, Dharwad, Kurubagatti. However, intensive training was However, women are also interested to take up given to around 55 members. food processing activities to earn additional income to meet their needs. Food processing The novel packing materials like stand up activities like cleaned grains, dehusked millet pouches were introduced for first time in rice, millet products, flour, papads, composite Northern Karnataka. Training on packing flour, millet vermicelli etc. have high returns equipments and materials, printing of labels, and around 30 to 40 per cent net income can contents in a label, price fixing and be received. registration through DIC, innovative activity like market led extension approaches, Materials and Methods branding and marketing included training on branding and trade license was given. In the adopted villages the needs, requirements, potentials and constraints faced The marketing skills were developed by their by women in agriculture were identified by participation in exhibitions, workshop, and PRA techniques like focus group discussions. food fest programmes in campus, melas, Lack of labour for agriculture activities like milletmelas, etc. „Food fest‟ was a innovative weeding, transplanting, harvesting, stripping activity, initiated in the University campus and decortication of groundnut, exposure to where women who were trained through KVK dust & husk during threshing were some of the could participate with the products they 541 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(11): 540-546 produced and could sell their produce. This farm women in the group. The group also helped in enhancing communication skills, received Rs. 3000/- seed money from packaging abilities and account keeping. WYTEP. The women in the group are actively Hands on training on processing and packing involved in cultural activities such as giving of foods to different SHGs like Shri progarmmes in the AIR, FM Radio and also Padmavati SHG, Garag, Shri DurgaYavati they have taken up sale of „Urja Stove‟. The Mandal Mangalagatti, Bhagyalaxmi home women underwent ‟Agarabathi training‟ on products, M/s Bhavana Home products and large scale in the village through KVK, Shri Laxmi Home products from Dharwad. Dharwad. They also prepared Agarabathi and sold in the village and neighbouring villages. Further, the Padmavati group was promoted On an average each women gained Rs.600-00 for vermicelli preparation and the production per month. The women later shifted to food unit was purchased by the group. Technology processing activities and started preparing roti. on hygienic, quality vermicelli preparation and Initially rotis prepared were not attractive and millet vermicelli was given to Sri. Padmavati thin. The women were guided regarding SHG in Garag village of Dharwad quality standards, storage and appearance. The taluk/district. Incorporation of finger millet women prepared khadak roti from jowar and and foxtail millet flour (50%) to the chiroti bajra. Roti group had active 6 women in the (wheat) suji dehydration and packing group. Veerabhadreshwar WYTEP group was technology was also given. interested in preparing Roti. For every kg of bajra/ jowar 25 gm of black gram dhal and 50 Results and Discussion gm of rice re added during milling for preparation of kadak roti. Some of the training programmes which had an impact on women empowerment were The Scientist of, KVK, Dharwad also preparation, packing and marketing of little provided market linkage to to the members of millet/ Foxtail millet product like chakkuli the SHG. The members then started supplying (Murukku), nippattu, laddus, millet vermicelli, kadakjowarroties, to the hostel on very sorghum/ bajra roti and finger millet products Thursday. On festive days and occasionally like chakkuli, laddu and flour, roti preparation. they provided bajra roti to the hostel, So the commodity groups based on value khanavali and office staff. Successively the addition to cereals, millets, pulses, fruits and demand for soft roties increased and every vegetables etc. were developed. The women week they supplied soft roties to the staff and were further in need of proper technology for khanavali. During marriage season, the SHG product development, packaging, labelling members regularly sold soft as well as details, registration and marketing. khadakrotis. To meet the demand of large number of production