DOCSLIB.ORG

Ornitholimnology: Effects of Grazing by the Andean Flamingo (Phoenicoparrus Andinus) (Predation/Surirella/Lacustrine Microbenthos) STUART H

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ornitholimnology: Effects of Grazing by the Andean Flamingo (Phoenicoparrus Andinus) (Predation/Surirella/Lacustrine Microbenthos) STUART H Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 80, pp. 4766-4769, August 1983 Ecology Ornitholimnology: Effects of grazing by the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) (predation/Surirella/lacustrine microbenthos) STUART H. HURLBERT AND CECILY C. Y. CHANG Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 Communicated by G. Evelyn Hutchinson, May 6, 1983 ABSTRACT Experimental exclusion of the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) from shallow water areas of a salt lake in the Bolivian Andes caused large increases in the biomass of mi- croorganisms inhabiting the surface sediments, especially a large diatom (Surirella wetzeli), amebas, ciliates, and nematodes. This is a conservative demonstration of the influences that water birds in general exert on the structure of aquatic ecosystems. Of the -8,900 species of birds in the world roughly 9% feed entirely or predominantly on aquatic organisms. Their diets range over the entire spectrum of available foods, from fish to in- vertebrates, from vascular plants to microscopic algae. The more abundant of these birds may strongly affect the dynamics of their prey populations and, indirectly, the dynamics of entire aquatic ecosystems. However, few experimental studies of these interactions have been attempted (1-4), and we scarcely have an inkling of how the structure and functioning of any aquatic ecosystem would be altered by the disappearance of one or more of the bird spe- cies feeding in it. In this report we document the strong influence exerted by the Andean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus) on lacustrine microbenthos, the assemblage of microscopic organisms in- habiting the surface sediments of a lake bottom. P. andinus is a.common inhabitant of numerous shallow, mostly saline lakes of the altiplano region of the central Andes of South America (5-7). Two otherflamingos, James' (Phoenicoparrusjamesi) and the Chilean (Phoenicopterus chilensis), also occur abundantly on many of these same lakes. Other flamingo species are dom- inant components of salt lake and coastal lagoon ecosystems in Africa and Eurasia, and the fossil record indicates that, in the past, still other flamingos occupied similar environments in North America and Australia (8-10). The role that flamingos play in the functioning of these lake ecosystems is thus of general in- terest. We suspect that this role is great in consequence of flamingos' high feeding rates and the large size of their feeding FIG. 1. Location of study site in Laguna Puripica Chico, Bolivia, flocks. and arrangement of control (F = flamingos) and exclosure (NF = no flamingos) areas. STUDY AREA AND METHODS To test this suspicion we conducted an exclosure experiment more numerous than the other two species; this pattern was during January and February 1979 in Laguna Puripica Chico, maintained throughout our study (Table 1). On earlier visits we a small (1.0 km2), shallow (maximal depth, ca. 50 cm), slightly had found even larger numbers of flamingos here. Approxi- saline (8.2 g/liter), high-altitude (4,393 m) lake in the desertic mately 3,000 (66% P. jamesi, 29% P. andinus, and 5% P. chi- altiplano of the southwesternmost tip (22031' S, 67°30' W) of lensis) were observed on the lake in December 1975 (6) and Bolivia; this is one of several lakes scattered around the margin about 5,700 (65% P.jamesi, 33% P. andinus, and 2% P. chilensis) of a salt-encrusted basin called Salar de Chalviri (Fig. 1). On in November 1977 (7). By way of comparison, the lesser flamin- visits in late December 1978 and early January 1979 we found go (Phoeniconais minor) occurs on some African lakes at 10 times flamingos to be abundant on this lake and P. andinus to be much these densities (11). On January 2 we selected a mudflat that was being used as a P. but not the other The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part bypage charge feeding ground by andinus by species. payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertise- ment" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Abbreviations: F, flamingo(s); NF, no flamingo(s). 4766 Downloaded by guest on September 28, 2021 Ecology: Hurlbert and Chang Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 4767 Table 1. Effects of the Andean flamingo (P. andinus) on the microbenthos of Laguna Puripica Chico, Bolivia Sampling date Taxon or feature January 3a January 19b February 4 February 24c Time since exclosures established, days 1 17 31 51 Water depth, cm 0-1 2-4 9-11 3-5 Number of flamingos on lake P. andinus 654 716 1,159 1,000 P.jamesi 81 9 0 12 P. chilensis 29 75 68 30 F NF F NF F NF F NF Individuals, no. per mm2 of sediment surface Diatoms, totald 4,117 2,895 890 859 1,816 631 7,538 12,112 Surirella wetzelie 32 30 37 54 27 12 52 156* Navicula spp.' 3,764 2,733 795 761 1,613 594 7,077 10,631 Amphora spp. 17 33 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.7 280 553 Nitzschia spp. 78 58 12 13 46 5 76.5 330 Protozoa, total 4.0 5.9 6.7 31.2+ 2.8 7.6 4.7 52.2t Amebasg 2.8 1.8 6.4 29.2 2.5 6.5 2.8 43.8t Ciliatesh 1.6 4.0 0.6 2.0 0.1 1.0 1.4 9.0O Nematodes' 0.59 0.66 0.82 0.44 0.30 1.31 0.50 1.96X Biomass, tug per mm2 of sediment surface Blue-green algae, totali 0.146 0.103 0.027 0.360 0.009 0.140 1.54 3.16 Diatoms, totald 17.5 13.7 15.3 25.7 12.8 6.1 30.9 73.3+ Surirella wetzelie 13.0 10.0 13.8 23.3 10.1 4.8 20.0 58.0T Navicula spp.f 2.48 2.20 0.69 1.22 1.02 9.56 3.77 7.58* Amphora spp. 0.20 0.19 0.005 0.015 0.00 0.01 2.8 3.5 Nitzschia spp. 0.19 0.24 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.001 0.19 0.91 Protozoa, total 0.80 2.24 0.61 3.62t 0.24 1.66 1.36 8.98T Amebasg 0.20 0.13 0.48 2.20t 0.18 0.49 0.21 3.29t Ciliatesh 0.62 2.10 0.23 1.32t 0.04 1.16 1.15 5.28+ Nematodes' 0.15 0.48 0.48 0.14 0.14 0.22 0.26 1.05T Total microbenthos 18.7 16.2 16.5 30.1 13.3 8.1 35.1 86.2t Tabulated values for the microbenthos are "hybrid" means, each the arithmetic mean of: (i) the median of and (ii) the arithmetic mean of the 4 or 10 replicate values. Statistical significance of each difference between NF and F areas was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U test and is denoted, by symbols above the NF means, as follows: no symbol, P > 0.10; *, 0.10 - P > 0.05; t, 0.05 > P > 0.01; and T, P < 0.01. a Census data are for January 4. bCensus data are for January 31; values do not include 150 flamingos unidentified to species. CCensus data are for February 18; values do not include 200 flamingos unidentified to species. dThirteen genera of diatoms were encountered, the great majority contributing negligibly to total diatom abundance. eAveraged 135 ,um in length. An individual that size has volume of -373,000 ,m3 and occupies about 9,100 /Im2 of sediment surface. fAt least 10 species were present, but 3 small (mean valve lengths, 10-30 ,um), chain-forming (chain ranging up to at least 250 ,um in length) species strongly dominated both numerically and in terms of biomass. An undetermined species, usually contracted into an approximate spherical shape about 30 ,um in diameter. hFour undetermined hypotrich and holotrich species, ranging approximately from 40 to 130 ,um in length. 'Taxonomic study of 7 specimens found two genera to be represented: Ethmolaimus and Monohystera (E. M. Noffsinger, personal communication). Mean length for all 131 nematodes measured was 793 ,um (range: 147-3,330 ,tm). Includes only filamentous genera (Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, Schizothrix, and Anabaena); unicellular forms probably were present but contributed negligibly to total blue-green biomass. This was located about 70 m off the eastern shore, had a thin region of each area and combined to vield a single composite film of water over it, and consisted of 10-15 cm of soft sedi- sample for that area. The only locations avoided in our sampling ments overlying a firm sandy bottom. In a row along this flat were where the sediment was covered bv excrement or had a and spaced at about 15-m intervals from each other, we fenced deep depression (fresh flamingo track) in it. The larger more off four 4 x 3 m experimental (NF) areas, thereby excluding active organisms-e.g., nematodes-mav have been under- flamingos from them. Each fence consisted of four stakes pro- represented by this sampling method. Samples were preserved jecting about 1.2 m above the water, with two strands of nvlon in 5% formaldehyde and analvzed on return to San Diego. An twine connecting them. A total of 10 control (F) areas, two be- amount of sample equivalent to 0.015, 0.094, 0.17, or 3.5 mm2 tween each pair of NF areas and two at both ends of the row, of bottom sediment (depending on the taxon) was examined un- were delimited by imaginary lines (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2019 FSG Report
    IUCN SSC Flamingo Specialist Group 2019 Report Cathy King Paul Rose Co-chairs Mission statement tion scientists and flamingo biologists will result Cathy King (1) The mission statement of the WI-IUCN SSC in increased exposure for these species, and Paul Rose (2) Flamingo Specialist Group (FSG) is to actively therefore, a better chance of secured popula- promote flamingo research and conservation tions for the future. We hope that by continuing Red List Authority worldwide by developing conservation action to support the work of scientists and flamingo biologists in the field, the conservation status BirdLife International plans for the most threatened species, and by encouraging information exchange and coop- of all six species does not deteriorate, and that those species currently Vulnerable or Near Location/Affiliation eration amongst flamingo specialists, and Threatened can be more secured in their habi- (1) Zoo de Lagos, Portugal with other relevant organisations, particularly tats, so that future assessments of populations (2) WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre, UK the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Wetlands International, Ramsar Convention, show an upward trend in numbers, rather than a decline. The good work currently undertaken Number of members WWF International and BirdLife International. with the Andean and Puna Flamingos (Phoen- 196 icoparrus andinus and P. jamesi, showing stable Projected impact for the 2017-2020 population trends) needs to be monitored, as quadrennium Social networks current Red Lists assessments suggest poten- Facebook: Flamingo Specialist Group By the end of 2020, we hope to have succeeded tial declines due to past poor breeding success Twitter: @FlamingoSpecGrp in our aims of re-launching the FSG website and human-caused impacts on populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Flamingo Atlas
    Flamingo Bulletin of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands International FLAMINGO SPECIALIST GROUP Number 15, December 2007 ISSN 1680-1857 ABOUT THE GROUP The Flamingo Specialist Group (FSG) was established in 1978 at Tour du Valat in France, under the leadership of Dr. Alan Johnson, who coordinated the group until 2004. Currently, the group is coordinated from the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust at Slimbridge, UK, as part of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands International Waterbird Network. The FSG is a global network of flamingo specialists (both scientists and non- scientists) involved in the study, monitoring, management and conservation of the world’s six flamingo species populations. Its role is to actively promote flamingo research and conservation worldwide by encouraging information exchange and cooperation among these specialists, and with other relevant organisations, particularly IUCN - SSC, Wetlands International, Ramsar, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, African Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement, and BirdLife International. FSG members include experts in both in-situ (wild) and ex-situ (captive) flamingo conservation, as well as in fields ranging from field surveys to breeding biology, infectious diseases, toxicology, movement tracking and data management. There are currently 208 members around the world, from India to Chile, and from Finland to South Africa. Further information about the FSG, its membership, the membership list serve, or this bulletin can be obtained from Brooks Childress at the address below. Chair Assistant Chair Dr. Brooks Childress Mr. Nigel Jarrett Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Slimbridge Glos. GL2 7BT, UK Glos. GL2 7BT, UK Tel: +44 (0)1453 860437 Tel: +44 (0)1453 891177 Fax: +44 (0)1453 860437 Fax: +44 (0)1453 890827 [email protected] [email protected] Eastern Hemisphere Chair Western Hemisphere Chair Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for Aviculture: Identifying Research Needs to Advance the Role of Ex Situ Bird Populations in Conservation Initiatives and Collection Planning
    Review Evidence for Aviculture: Identifying Research Needs to Advance the Role of Ex Situ Bird Populations in Conservation Initiatives and Collection Planning Paul Rose 1,2 1 Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Psychology, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QG, UK; [email protected] or [email protected] 2 WWT, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire GL2 7BT, UK Simple Summary: Birds of a whole range of species are housed in zoological collections globally; they are some of the most frequently seen of species in animal populations kept under human care. Research output on birds can provide valuable information on how to advance husbandry and care for particular species, which may further feed into conservation planning. Linking birds housed in human care to those in the wild adds value to these zoo-housed populations; this paper provides areas of research that could be conducted to add value to these zoo-housed birds and suggests increasing the conservation focus and conservation relevance of birds housed by humans. Abstract: Birds are the most speciose of all taxonomic groups currently housed in zoos, but this species diversity is not always matched by their inclusion in research output in the peer-reviewed literature. This large and diverse captive population is an excellent tool for research investigation, the findings of which can be relevant to conservation and population sustainability aims. The One Plan Approach to conservation aims to foster tangible conservation relevance of ex situ populations to those animals living in situ. The use of birds in zoo aviculture as proxies for wild-dwelling Citation: Rose, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Species: Choreographing Human And
    BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES JONATHAN OSBORN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN DANCE STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO MAY, 2019 ã Jonathan Osborn, 2019 Abstract BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES is a dissertation project informed by practice-led and practice-based modes of engagement, which approaches the space of the zoo as a multispecies, choreographic, affective assemblage. Drawing from critical scholarship in dance literature, zoo studies, human-animal studies, posthuman philosophy, and experiential/somatic field studies, this work utilizes choreographic engagement, with the topography and inhabitants of the Toronto Zoo and the Berlin Zoologischer Garten, to investigate the potential for kinaesthetic exchanges between human and nonhuman subjects. In tracing these exchanges, BETWEEN SPECIES documents the creation of the zoomorphic choreographic works ARK and ARCHE and creatively mediates on: more-than-human choreography; the curatorial paradigms, embodied practices, and forms of zoological gardens; the staging of human and nonhuman bodies and bodies of knowledge; the resonances and dissonances between ethological research and dance ethnography; and, the anthropocentric constitution of the field of dance studies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the glowing memory of my nana, Patricia Maltby, who, through her relentless love and fervent belief in my potential, elegantly willed me into another phase of life, while she passed, with dignity and calm, into another realm of existence. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my phenomenal supervisor Dr. Barbara Sellers-Young and my amazing committee members Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • AMNH-Scientific-Publications-2014
    AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Fiscal Year 2014 Scientific Publications Division of Anthropology 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology 11 Division of Paleontology 28 Division of Physical Sciences 39 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Department of Astrophysics Division of Vertebrate Zoology Department of Herpetology 58 Department of Ichthyology 62 Department of Mammalogy 65 Department of Ornithology 78 Center for Biodiversity and Conservation 91 Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics 99 DIVISION OF ANTHROPOLOGY Berwick, R.C., M.D. Hauser, and I. Tattersall. 2013. Neanderthal language? Just-so stories take center stage. Frontiers in Psychology 4, article 671. Blair, E.H., and Thomas, D.H. 2014. The Guale uprising of 1597: an archaeological perspective from Mission Santa Catalina de Guale (Georgia). In L.M. Panich and T.D. Schneider (editors), Indigenous Landscapes and Spanish Missions: New Perspectives from Archaeology and Ethnohistory: 25–40. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Charpentier, V., A.J. de Voogt, R. Crassard, J.-F. Berger, F. Borgi, and A. Al- Ma’shani. 2014. Games on the seashore of Salalah: the discovery of mancala games in Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 25: 115– 120. Chowns, T.M., A.H. Ivester, R.L. Kath, B.K. Meyer, D.H. Thomas, and P.R. Hanson. 2014. A New Hypothesis for the Formation of the Georgia Sea Islands through the Breaching of the Silver Bluff Barrier and Dissection of the Ancestral Altamaha-Ogeechee Drainage. Abstract, 63rd Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, April 10–11, 2014. 2 DeSalle, R., and I. Tattersall. 2014. Mr. Murray, you lose the bet.
    [Show full text]
  • Andean Highland Flamingo SAFE.Program Plan.2021-2023
    Andean Highland Flamingo SAFE Species Program Three-Year Plan (2021-2023) 9 March 2021 Program Leaders Daniel Hilliard, Ph.D. and Sue Tygielski, Ph.D. Table of Contents Program Description Background………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Program Goal…………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Program Operational Structure………………………………………………………………… 5 Conservation Targets…………………………………………………………………………… 6 Status of Taxa within AZA Community………………………………………………………... 6 AZA Conservation Activities……………………………………………………………………. 7 Andean Highland Flamingos Conservation Monitoring Program………………………… 8 AZA Public Awareness and Engagement Activities…………………………………………. 9 Species Status Conservation Status…………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Recovery Plan or Conservation Plan in Effect……………………………………………….. 11 Threats……………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Work Plan Objectives Conservation Objectives……………………………………………………………………….. 13 Public / Stakeholder Objectives………………………………………………………………... 14 Communications/Public Awareness Objectives……………………………………………… 15 Funding Objectives……………………………………………………………………………… 16 Program Summary Tables Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17-20 References References……………………………………………………………………………………….. 21-24 2 Background Their colorful plumage, gregarious behaviors, and flamboyant displays make flamingos crowd favorites at zoological facilities throughout the world. Chilean flamingos, one of three flamingo species native to South America’s Andean highlands, are featured prominently at more than sixty AZA accredited zoos and aquariums, and
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of Captive Flamingos to Meeting the Four Aims of the Modern Zoo Paul E
    Rose. Flamingo 2018, pages: 23-32 The relevance of captive flamingos to meeting the four aims of the modern zoo Paul E. Rose Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, Washington Singer Labs, University of Exeter, Perry Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QG, UK / WWT, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, GL2 7BT, UK. For correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Flamingos are popular inhabitants of zoological collections around the world and are one of the most commonly-seen zoo species. The modern zoo has four aims: Conservation, education, research and recreation. Meeting each of these aims adds value to the animal collection and allows zoos to explain their wider work to their visitors and guests. As many zoos are reliant on gate entry and return visitation as their main source of income, the animal collection must maintain visitor interest and be engaging. The income from visitors is used by zoos to uphold their education, conservation and research programmes, and the way in which animals are displayed to the visitor helps to define educational strategies and impart relevant information on a species, its ecosystem, ecology and conservation value. As zoos move towards encouraging behaviour change in their visitors, stories on climate change and human impacts can be emphasised by using particular species within the animal collection to tell such stories. Iconic or eye-catching species can have a particular role in encouraging visitors to remember stories on human impacts and their effects on the planet. This paper outlines the ways in which zoo-housed flamingos can be utilised to emphasis the main roles of the modern zoo and provides a discussion of the relevance of zoo-housed birds to meeting the wider aims of the zoo (both in terms of its work with other zoos and that with the wild world).
    [Show full text]
  • Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias Minor)
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM WILDLIFE DIVISION Sustainable Wetlands Management Program Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) (Photo courtesy Ma Aeberhard) February 2010 For the establishment of Community Based Natural Resource Management of Wetlands Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) 1 THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM WILDLIFE DIVISION Sustainable Wetlands Management Program Tanzania National Single Species Action Plan 2010-2020 for the Conservation of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) February 2010 For the establishment of Community Based Natural Resource Management of Wetlands Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) © Wildlife Division, 2011 For further informa on, please contact: Director Wildlife, Wildlife Division, PO Box 1994, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Phone: 255 22 2866408, 2866376, 2866418. Fax: 255 22 2865836, 2863496.Foreword E-mail: [email protected]., ii Tanzania Na onal Single Species Ac on Plan 2010-2020 for the Conserva on of the Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) Acknowledgements The Director of Wildlife wishes to acknowledge the following: Prepared with Financial and Technical Assistance from: Danida support to Sustainable Wetlands Management Program (SWMP), helped fund the mee ngs, workshops and prin ng of the fi rst dra and publica on. Flamingo Land, supported the publica on of the fi nal document. The support from BirdLife Interna onal for the par cipa on of regional specialists to a end mee ngs, is highly appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae
    Tobar et al. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 2014, 87:15 http://www.revchilhistnat.com/content/87/1/15 RESEARCH Open Access Diet of the Chilean flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis (Phoenicopteriformes: Phoenicopteridae) in a coastal wetland in Chiloé, southern Chile Claudio N Tobar1*, Jaime R Rau2, Norka Fuentes3, Alberto Gantz2, Cristián G Suazo4, Jaime A Cursach2,5, Alexis Santibañez1 and Jorge Pérez-Schultheiss6 Abstract Background: The geographical distribution of the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) includes the southern-central Neotropics. Despite its wide distribution, currently there is no dietary information on its southern distribution range. From June to September 2011, we quantified the diet and prey availability of the Chilean flamingo in the marine wetland of Caulín (41°48' S, 73°37' W), southern Chile. Results: The prey availability related to both plankton and benthos were four species of copepods, four polychaetes, one foraminifera, and two amphipods. The diet of the Chilean flamingo was composed of foraminifera (Ammonia beccarii), copepods (Harpacticus sp.) and polychaetes. The most abundant prey items from feces of flamingos were Ammonia beccarii and Harpacticus sp. The diameter of A. beccarii consumed by flamingos ranged between 400 and 900 μm, while its width varied between 100 and 300 μm. The width of Harpacticus sp. consumed ranged between 160 and 260 μm. The similarity between flamingo diet and prey availability was 0.553. The diversity of prey organisms in the benthos was higher than that observed from plankton and feces of birds. A. beccarii was preferred over other prey consumed by flamingos. This preference is not related to the size of Harpacticus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Journal L 57 Volume 38 of the European Communities 15 March 1995
    ISSN 0378-6978 Official Journal L 57 Volume 38 of the European Communities 15 March 1995 English edition Legislation Contents I Acts whose publication is obligatory Commission Regulation (EC) No 558/95 of 10 March 1995 amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3626/82 on the implementation in the Community of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 559/95 of 13 March 1995 concerning the classification of certain goods in the combined nomenclature 51 Commission Regulation (EC) No 560/95 of 14 March 1995 deducting from die quantitative limits on import of textile products of categories 4 and 5 originating in the People's Republic of China amounts corresponding to those imported into the Community in circumvention of the Agreement between the European Community and the People's Republic of China on trade in textile products 53 Commission Regulation (EC) No 561/95 of 14 March 1995 on the sale by the procedure laid down in Regulation (EEC) No 2539/84 of beef held by certain intervention agencies and intended for processing within the Community and repealing Regulation (EC) No 74/95 55 Commission Regulation (EC) No 562/95 of 14 March 1995 fixing the time limit for the submission of applications for private storage aid in respect of pigmeat 60 Commission Regulation (EC) No 563/95 of 14 March 1995 fixing the import levies on milk and milk products 61 Commission Regulation (EC) No 564/95 of 14 March 1995 fixing additional amounts for in the eggs sector products 66 Price : ECU 18 (Continued overleaf) Acts whose titles are printed in light type are those relating to day-to-day management of agricultural matters, and are generally valid for a limited period .
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Andean Flamingo in the Brazilian Amazon
    Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(3), 285-287 SHORTCOMMUNICATION September 2014 First record of the Andean Flamingo in the Brazilian Amazon Bianca Bernardon1, 2 and João Valsecchi1 1 Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres - Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá IDSM-OS/MCTI, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Bairro Fonte Boa, CEP 69553-225, Tefé, AM, Brazil. 2 Corresponding author: [email protected] Received on 10 March 2014. Accepted on 19 March 2014. ABSTRACT: On May 29th 2007, three fishermen observed an “unknown” bird, “swimming” on the Igarapé do Baré, a stream inside the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve. Since they had never spotted that bird species before, they shot and donated it to the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM). The specimen is an Andean FlamingoPhoenicoparrus andinus and is housed at the Ornithological Collection of IDSM. This is the first record of the Andean Flamingo for the state of Amazonas and the Brazilian Amazon. KEYWORDS: Amanã Reserve, Amazonas, Phoenicoparrus andinus. There are four flamingo species recorded for Brazil: only three toes (Figure 2a), one of the main diagnosable Phoenicopterus ruber (American Flamingo), is the only characteristics of this genus. species resident in Brazil, with reproductive colonies on The specimen was compared directly with two the shores of the Amapá state (Sick 1997); Phoenicopterus other flamingo specimens: a young P. jamesi deposited chilensis (Chilean Flamingo) has been recorded in the at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG 58950), states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro; Phoenicoparrus and an adult P. andinus from the Museu de Zoologia da jamesi (James’s Flamingo) had its first and only occurrence Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP 84351).
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979
    Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979. Certified on: / /20 . INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. PART I – PRELIMINARY. 1A. Compliance with Constitutional requirements. 1. Interpretation. “animal” “approval means an approval to import a living exotic specimen in accordance with Section 13B;” “authorization” “certificate” “certificate of origin” “CITES-listed” “Convention” “controlled native specimen” “export” “export licence” “export permit” “exotic species and exotic specimen” “import” “import permit” “inspector” “introduction from the sea” “Management Authority” “native species” “primarily commercial purposes” “re-export” “re-export permit” “Schedule 1 species and Schedule 1 specimen” “Schedule 2 species and Schedule 2 specimen” “Schedule 3 species and Schedule 3 specimen” “Schedule 4 species and Schedule 4 specimen” “Schedule 5 species and Schedule 5 specimen” “Scientific Authority” “Secretariat” “species” “specimen” 2. Amendment of Schedules. 2A. Application. 2B. Act binds the state. 3. Saving of other laws. PART IA – REGULATION OF TRADE IN FAUNA AND FLORA. 3A. Management Authority. 3B. Scientific Authorities. 3C. Appointment of Inspectors. 3D. Issue of Authorizations. PART II – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 1 SPECIMENS. 4. Exportation. 5. Importation. 6. Re-exportation. 7. Introduction from the sea. PART III – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 2 SPECIMENS. 8. Exportation. 9. Importation. 10. Re-exportation. 11. Introduction from the sea. PART IV – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 3 SPECIMENS. 12. Exportation. 13. Importation. PART IVA – EXPORTATION OF CONTROLLED NATIVE SPECIMENS. 13A. Exportation. PART IVB – IMPORTATION OF LIVING EXOTIC SPECIMENS. 13B. Importation. PART IVC – ENFORCEMENT. 13C. Powers and Functions of Inspectors. 13D. Obstruction of Inspectors, etc. 13E. Offences of Import, Export etc.
    [Show full text]