State of Wyoming Edward A. Buchanan Secretary Of
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Characterizing Ethereum's Mining Power Decentralization at a Deeper
Characterizing Ethereum’s Mining Power Decentralization at a Deeper Level Liyi Zeng∗§, Yang Chen†§, Shuo Chen†, Xian Zhang†, Zhongxin Guo†, Wei Xu∗, Thomas Moscibroda‡ ∗Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University †Microsoft Research ‡Microsoft Azure §Contacts: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—For proof-of-work blockchains such as Ethereum, than 50% of the total power has grown from several the mining power decentralization is an important discussion hundred to several thousand. Overall, the power is more point in the community. Previous studies mostly focus on the decentralized at the participant level than 4 years ago. aggregated power of the mining pools, neglecting the pool participants who are the source of the pools’ power. In this paper, However, we also find that this number varied signif- we present the first large-scale study of the pool participants icantly over time, which means it requires continuous in Ethereum’s mining pools. Pool participants are not directly tracking. Additionally, as our current data and method- observable because they communicate with their pools via private ology cannot de-anonymize the participants, it’s possible channels. However, they leave “footprints” on chain as they that some participants split themselves into many smaller use Ethereum accounts to anonymously receive rewards from mining pools. For this study, we combine several data sources ones for various reasons, which could make our estima- to identify 62,358,646 pool reward transactions sent by 47 tion inaccurate if not completely off the target. Further pools to their participants over Ethereum’s entire near 5-year study to improve the estimation accuracy is important. -
Crypto Research Report ‒ April 2019 Edition
April 2019 Edition VI. “When the Tide Goes Out…” Investments: Gold and Bitcoin, Stronger Together Technical Analysis: Spring Awakening? Cryptocurrency Mining in Theory and Practice Demelza Kelso Hays Mark J. Valek We would like to express our profound gratitude to our premium partners for supporting the Crypto Research Report: www.cryptofunds.li Contents Editorial ............................................................................................................................................... 4 In Case You Were Sleeping: When the Tide Goes Out…............................................................... 5 Back to the Roots ............................................................................................................................................. 6 How Long Will This Bear Market Last .............................................................................................................. 7 A Tragic Story Traverses the World ................................................................................................................. 9 When the tide goes out… ............................................................................................................................... 10 A State Cryptocurrency? ................................................................................................................................ 12 Support is Increasing ..................................................................................................................................... 14 -
HORSES, KENTUCKY DERBY (1875-2019) Kentucky Derby
HORSES, KENTUCKY DERBY (1875-2019) Kentucky Derby Winners, Alphabetically (1875-2019) HORSE YEAR HORSE YEAR Affirmed 1978 Kauai King 1966 Agile 1905 Kingman 1891 Alan-a-Dale 1902 Lawrin 1938 Always Dreaming 2017 Leonatus 1883 Alysheba 1987 Lieut. Gibson 1900 American Pharoah 2015 Lil E. Tee 1992 Animal Kingdom 2011 Lookout 1893 Apollo (g) 1882 Lord Murphy 1879 Aristides 1875 Lucky Debonair 1965 Assault 1946 Macbeth II (g) 1888 Azra 1892 Majestic Prince 1969 Baden-Baden 1877 Manuel 1899 Barbaro 2006 Meridian 1911 Behave Yourself 1921 Middleground 1950 Ben Ali 1886 Mine That Bird 2009 Ben Brush 1896 Monarchos 2001 Big Brown 2008 Montrose 1887 Black Gold 1924 Morvich 1922 Bold Forbes 1976 Needles 1956 Bold Venture 1936 Northern Dancer-CAN 1964 Brokers Tip 1933 Nyquist 2016 Bubbling Over 1926 Old Rosebud (g) 1914 Buchanan 1884 Omaha 1935 Burgoo King 1932 Omar Khayyam-GB 1917 California Chrome 2014 Orb 2013 Cannonade 1974 Paul Jones (g) 1920 Canonero II 1971 Pensive 1944 Carry Back 1961 Pink Star 1907 Cavalcade 1934 Plaudit 1898 Chant 1894 Pleasant Colony 1981 Charismatic 1999 Ponder 1949 Chateaugay 1963 Proud Clarion 1967 Citation 1948 Real Quiet 1998 Clyde Van Dusen (g) 1929 Regret (f) 1915 Count Fleet 1943 Reigh Count 1928 Count Turf 1951 Riley 1890 Country House 2019 Riva Ridge 1972 Dark Star 1953 Sea Hero 1993 Day Star 1878 Seattle Slew 1977 Decidedly 1962 Secretariat 1973 Determine 1954 Shut Out 1942 Donau 1910 Silver Charm 1997 Donerail 1913 Sir Barton 1919 Dust Commander 1970 Sir Huon 1906 Elwood 1904 Smarty Jones 2004 Exterminator -
Dear Supervisors- Attached Please Find Our Letter of Opposition to the SCA Ordinance for Sleepy Hollow As Drafted by Our Attorne
From: Andrea Taber To: Rice, Katie; Kinsey, Steven; Adams, Susan; Arnold, Judy; Sears, Kathrin Cc: Dan Stein; Thorsen, Suzanne; Lai, Thomas Subject: Sleepy Hollow Homeowners Association Letter of Oppostion to the SCA Ordinance Date: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 8:12:53 PM Attachments: Document4.docx Dear Supervisors- Attached please find our letter of opposition to the SCA Ordinance for Sleepy Hollow as drafted by our attorney Neil Moran of Freitas McCarthy MacMahon & Keating, LLP. Sleepy Hollow Homeowners Association May 3, 2013 Board of Supervisors of Marin County 3501 Civil Center Drive San Rafael, CA 94903-4157 Re: Stream Conservation Area (SCA) Proposed Amendments to the Development Code Honorable Members of the Board of Supervisors: INTRODUCTION The Sleepy Hollow Homes Association (SHHA) objects to the proposed changes to Chapters 22.33 (Stream Protection) and 22.63 (Stream Conservation Area Permit) as they would apply to the residents of the unincorporated portion of San Anselmo known as Sleepy Hollow. We ask that the County exempt and/or delay implementation of any changes to Chapters 22.33 and 22.63 as to the city-centered corridor streams, including Sleepy Hollow. The SHHA supports implementation of the proposed amendments to the San Geronimo Valley, to protect wildlife habitat in streams where Coho Salmon currently exist. The SHHA supports regulations to ensure the health and survival of the species in these areas. The SHHA recognizes the urgency of this matter to the San Geronimo Valley, both for the survival of the endangered and declining Coho population and for the property rights of the affected residents who are currently subject to a building moratorium. -
Asymmetric Proof-Of-Work Based on the Generalized Birthday Problem
Equihash: Asymmetric Proof-of-Work Based on the Generalized Birthday Problem Alex Biryukov Dmitry Khovratovich University of Luxembourg University of Luxembourg [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—The proof-of-work is a central concept in modern Long before the rise of Bitcoin it was realized [20] that cryptocurrencies and denial-of-service protection tools, but the the dedicated hardware can produce a proof-of-work much requirement for fast verification so far made it an easy prey for faster and cheaper than a regular desktop or laptop. Thus the GPU-, ASIC-, and botnet-equipped users. The attempts to rely on users equipped with such hardware have an advantage over memory-intensive computations in order to remedy the disparity others, which eventually led the Bitcoin mining to concentrate between architectures have resulted in slow or broken schemes. in a few hardware farms of enormous size and high electricity In this paper we solve this open problem and show how to consumption. An advantage of the same order of magnitude construct an asymmetric proof-of-work (PoW) based on a compu- is given to “owners” of large botnets, which nowadays often tationally hard problem, which requires a lot of memory to gen- accommodate hundreds of thousands of machines. For prac- erate a proof (called ”memory-hardness” feature) but is instant tical DoS protection, this means that the early TLS puzzle to verify. Our primary proposal Equihash is a PoW based on the schemes [8], [17] are no longer effective against the most generalized birthday problem and enhanced Wagner’s algorithm powerful adversaries. -
Understanding the X-Ray Flaring from N Carinae A
To be Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Understanding the X-ray Flaring from n Carinae A. F. J. Moffat Departement de physique, UniversiM de Montreal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C V7, and Centre de recherche en astrophysique du Quebec, Canada [email protected] M. F. Corcoranl CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, jWD 20771, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT We quantify the rapid variations in X-ray brightness ( "flares") from the ex- tremely massive colliding wind binary n Carinae seen during the past three or- bital cycles by RXTE. The observed flares tend to be shorter in duration and more frequent as periastron is approached, although the largest ones tend to be roughly constant in strength at all phases. Plausible scenarios include (1) the largest of multi-scale stochastic wind clumps from the LBV component entering and compressing the hard X-ray emitting wind-wind collision (WWC) zone, (2) large-scale corotating interacting regions in the LBV wind sweeping across the WWC zone, or (3) instabilities intrinsic to the WWC zone. The first one appears to be most consistent with the observations, requiring homologously expanding clumps as they propagate outward in the LBV wind and a turbulence-like power- law distribution of clumps, decreasing in number towards larger sizes, as seen in Wolf-Rayet winds. Subject headings: X-rays: stars — stars: early-type — stars: individual (p Car) — stars: LBV 'Universities Space Research Association, 10211 W incopin Circle. Suite 500 Columbia, 1v1D 21044, USA. -2— 1. Introduction The extremely massive binary star rl Carinae consists of a Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) primary (star A) coupled with a hot, fast-wind secondary (star B) which is probably an evolved 0 star (Verner et al. -
Zcash Protocol Speci Cation
Zcash Protocol Specication Version 2018.0-beta-14 Daira Hopwood† Sean Bowe† — Taylor Hornby† — Nathan Wilcox† March 11, 2018 Abstract. Zcash is an implementation of the Decentralized Anonymous Payment scheme Zerocash, with security xes and adjustments to terminology, functionality and performance. It bridges the exist- ing transparent payment scheme used by Bitcoin with a shielded payment scheme secured by zero- knowledge succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge (zk-SNARKs). It attempts to address the problem of mining centralization by use of the Equihash memory-hard proof-of-work algorithm. This specication denes the Zcash consensus protocol and explains its differences from Zerocash and Bitcoin. Keywords: anonymity, applications, cryptographic protocols, electronic commerce and payment, nancial privacy, proof of work, zero knowledge. Contents 1 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Caution . .5 1.2 High-level Overview . .5 2 Notation 7 3 Concepts 8 3.1 Payment Addresses and Keys . .8 3.2 Notes...........................................................9 3.2.1 Note Plaintexts and Memo Fields . .9 3.3 The Block Chain . 10 3.4 Transactions and Treestates . 10 3.5 JoinSplit Transfers and Descriptions . 11 3.6 Note Commitment Trees . 11 3.7 Nullier Sets . 12 3.8 Block Subsidy and Founders’ Reward . 12 3.9 Coinbase Transactions . 12 † Zerocoin Electric Coin Company 1 4 Abstract Protocol 12 4.1 Abstract Cryptographic Schemes . 12 4.1.1 Hash Functions . 12 4.1.2 Pseudo Random Functions . 13 4.1.3 Authenticated One-Time Symmetric Encryption . 13 4.1.4 Key Agreement . 13 4.1.5 Key Derivation . 14 4.1.6 Signature . 15 4.1.6.1 Signature with Re-Randomizable Keys . -
Bob Baffert, Five Others Enter Hall of Fame
FREE SUBSCR ER IPT IN IO A N R S T COMPLIMENTS OF T !2!4/'! O L T IA H C E E 4HE S SP ARATOGA Year 9 • No. 15 SARATOGA’S DAILY NEWSPAPER ON THOROUGHBRED RACING Friday, August 14, 2009 Head of the Class Bob Baffert, five others enter Hall of Fame Inside F Hall of Famer profiles Racing UK F Today’s entries and handicapping PPs Inside F Dynaski, Mother Russia win stakes DON’T BOTHER CHECKING THE PHOTO, THE WINNER IS ALWAYS THE SAME. YOU WIN. You win because that it generates maximum you love explosive excitement. revenue for all stakeholders— You win because AEG’s proposal including you. AEG’s proposal to upgrade Aqueduct into a puts money in your pocket world-class destination ensuress faster than any other bidder, tremendous benefits for you, thee ensuring the future of thorough- New York Racing Associationn bred racing right here at home. (NYRA), and New York Horsemen, Breeders, and racing fans. THOROUGHBRED RACING MUSEUM. AEG’s Aqueduct Gaming and Entertainment Facility will have AEG’s proposal includes a Thoroughbred Horse Racing a dazzling array Museum that will highlight and inform patrons of the of activities for VLT REVENUE wonderful history of gaming, dining, VLT OPERATION the sport here in % retail, and enter- 30 New York. tainment which LOTTERY % AEG The proposed Aqueduct complex will serve as a 10 will bring New world-class gaming and entertainment destination. DELIVERS. Yorkers and visitors from the Tri-State area and beyond back RACING % % AEG is well- SUPPORT 16 44 time and time again for more fun and excitement. -
Understanding the Motivations, Challenges and Needs of Blockchain Software Developers: a Survey
Empirical Software Engineering manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Understanding the Motivations, Challenges and Needs of Blockchain Software Developers: A Survey Amiangshu Bosu · Anindya Iqbal · Rifat Shahriyar · Partha Chakroborty Received: November 6, 2018 / Accepted: March 19, 2019 Abstract The blockchain technology has potential applications in various areas such as smart-contracts, Internet of Things (IoT), land registry, supply chain man- agement, storing medical data, and identity management. Although the Github currently hosts more than six thousand active Blockchain software (BCS) projects, few software engineering research has investigated these projects and its' contrib- utors. Although the number of BCS projects is growing rapidly, the motivations, challenges, and needs of BCS developers remain a puzzle. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to understand the motivations, challenges, and needs of BCS developers and analyze the differences between BCS and non-BCS development. On this goal, we sent an online survey to 1,604 active BCS developers identified via mining the Github repositories of 145 popular BCS projects. The survey received 156 responses that met our criteria for analysis. The results suggest that the majority of the BCS developers are experienced in non-BCS development and are primarily motivated by the ideology of creating a decentralized financial system. Although most of the BCS projects are Open Source Software (OSS) projects by nature, more than 93% of our respondents found BCS development somewhat different from a non-BCS development as BCS projects have higher emphasis on security and reliability than most of the non- BCS projects. Other differences include: higher costs of defects, decentralized and hostile environment, technological complexity, and difficulty in upgrading the soft- ware after release. -
VOLANS-CARINA: a NEW 90 Myr OLD STELLAR ASSOCIATION at 85 Pc
Draft version August 15, 2018 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX62 VOLANS-CARINA: A NEW 90 Myr OLD STELLAR ASSOCIATION AT 85 pc Jonathan Gagne´,1, 2 Jacqueline K. Faherty,3 and Eric E. Mamajek4, 5 1Carnegie Institution of Washington DTM, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA 2NASA Sagan Fellow 3Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024, USA 4Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA 5Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA Submitted to ApJ ABSTRACT We present a characterization of the new Volans-Carina Association (VCA) of stars near the Galactic plane (b ' -10°) at a distance of ' 75{100 pc, previously identified as group 30 by Oh et al.(2017). We compile a list of 19 likely members from Gaia DR2 with spectral types B8{M2, and 46 additional candidate members from Gaia DR2, 2MASS and AllWISE with spectral types A0{M9 that require +5 further follow-up for confirmation. We find an isochronal age of 89−7 Myr based on MIST isochrones calibrated with Pleiades members. This new association of stars is slightly younger than the Pleiades, with less members but located at a closer distance, making its members ' 3 times as bright than those of the Pleiades on average. It is located further than members of the AB Doradus moving group which have a similar age, but it is more compact on the sky which makes it less prone to contamination from random field interlopers. -
ASTRONOMICAL HANDBOOK for SOUTHERN AFRICA 1978 Published by the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
ASTRONOMICAL HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA 1978 published by the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa : X._" . X ï Proposed Durban Observatory 1881 ASTRONOMICAL HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA 1978 This booklet is intended both as an introduction to observational astronomy for the interested layman - even if his interest is only a passing one - and as a handbook for the established amateur or professional astronomer. Front Cover: Edmund (Neison) Nevill's Durban Observatory, 1822-1912 (Demolished late 1957) ® the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, Cape Town. 1977 CONTENTS ASTRONOMY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA .......................................................................................... 1 DIARY .......................................................... 4 THE SUN ......................................................................................................................................... 6 THE MOON ...................................................... 8 THE PLANETS................................................................................................................................. I 7 THE MOONS OF JUPITER AND SATURN ...................................................................................... 23 COMETS AND METEORS.............................................................................................................. 28 THE STARS ..................................................................................................................................... 30 ORDINARY OCCULTATIONS........................................................................................................ -
Boost Buchanan
V O L U M E X U . BUCHANAN, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 23, 1907 N U M B E R m SOUTH ORONOKO Correspondence The Record’s Regular Correspondent. South Oronoko, Aug. 22—The I iBOOST-BUCHANAN , machinery for the new creamery is J O r e g o n M y WEST BERTRAND sing put in this week. The coin-j Tke Kteud’i Beg tier. Correspoadeat. panj;expect to begin receiving milk] next week. OivnHpi^d^frqm teat Issue ^ West -Bertrand, Aug.22— Miss, Bes sie .Curtis, of Harrington, Del., is a A new coat of paint adorns the] guest at'the .John Redden home. present .residence Of Geo. Burgoyne. West Michigan State Fair Erects Our friend is living on e newplace, for-congas that night. vBut we were; > films Jessie Smith, of*Bristol;Ind.j *Wm. -McCracken is putting his ten. Fine Structure. only -afew seres cleared. They are all safethe next morning That night was. a guest o f Miss Dorothea Currier ant house in condition for occupancy. | we -hadfir.boughsfor abed. Mere BOOST BUCHANAN conipletely<snrrounded byTorest.-Hi* Monday. farm of 128jacrea coat-hua-* :litiie. rWUc-caught our^ first- trout out o f the One of the pioneer land marks; the I LONG FELT WANT IS NOW MET WITH Bernice Ferguson visited South .house built by Wm. Tabor, has been | over $600. It is fertile, soil, &inti&w,friyer. - We followed 'this A Ne w1 Telephone with5 Free Service do . torn down. river to the ocean. ^ BenoL frien d s several days last week. ail o f Niles’ List.