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SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína
SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína Souhrnná teritoriální informace Čína Zpracováno a aktualizováno zastupitelským úřadem ČR v Pekingu (Čína) ke dni 13. 8. 2020 3:17 Seznam kapitol souhrnné teritoriální informace: 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled (s.2) 2. Zahraniční obchod a investice (s.15) 3. Vztahy země s EU (s.28) 4. Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR (s.30) 5. Mapa oborových příležitostí - perspektivní položky českého exportu (s.39) 6. Základní podmínky pro uplatnění českého zboží na trhu (s.46) 7. Kontakty (s.81) 1/86 http://www.businessinfo.cz/cina © Zastupitelský úřad ČR v Pekingu (Čína) SOUHRNNÁ TERITORIÁLNÍ INFORMACE Čína 1. Základní charakteristika teritoria, ekonomický přehled Podkapitoly: 1.1. Oficiální název státu, složení vlády 1.2. Demografické tendence: Počet obyvatel, průměrný roční přírůstek, demografické složení (vč. národnosti, náboženských skupin) 1.3. Základní makroekonomické ukazatele za posledních 5 let (nominální HDP/obyv., vývoj objemu HDP, míra inflace, míra nezaměstnanosti). Očekávaný vývoj v teritoriu s akcentem na ekonomickou sféru. 1.4. Veřejné finance, státní rozpočet - příjmy, výdaje, saldo za posledních 5 let 1.5. Platební bilance (běžný, kapitálový, finanční účet), devizové rezervy (za posledních 5 let), veřejný dluh vůči HDP, zahraniční zadluženost, dluhová služba 1.6. Bankovní systém (hlavní banky a pojišťovny) 1.7. Daňový systém 1.1 Oficiální název státu, složení vlády Čínská lidová republika (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo; zkráceně Zhongguo) Úřední jazyk čínština (Putonghua, standardní čínština založená na pekingském dialektu), dále jsou oficiálními jazyky kantonština v provincii Guangdong, mongolština v AO Vnitřní Mongolsko, ujgurština a kyrgyzština v AO Xinjiang, tibetština v AO Xizang (Tibet). Složení vlády • Prezident: Xi Jinping (v úřadu od 14. -
The Long Shadow of a Fiscal Expansion
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE LONG SHADOW OF A FISCAL EXPANSION Chong-En Bai Chang-Tai Hsieh Zheng Michael Song Working Paper 22801 http://www.nber.org/papers/w22801 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2016 We thank the editors of the Brookings Papers, Maury Obstfeld, and Linda Tesar for extremely helpful comments. We also thank Xueting Wen for excellent research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2016 by Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, and Zheng Michael Song. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Long Shadow of a Fiscal Expansion Chong-En Bai, Chang-Tai Hsieh, and Zheng Michael Song NBER Working Paper No. 22801 November 2016 JEL No. E0 ABSTRACT In 2009 and 2010, China undertook a 4 trillion Yuan fiscal stimulus, roughly equivalent to 12 percent of annual GDP. The "fiscal" stimulus was largely financed by off-balance sheet companies (local financing vehicles) that borrowed and spent on behalf of local governments. The off-balance sheet financial institutions continued to grow after the stimulus program ended at the end of 2010. After the end of the stimulus program, spending by these off-balance sheet companies accounted for roughly 10% of GDP each year, with an increasing share used for what are essentially private commercial projects. -
Afghanistan H.E. Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal Acting Minister of Finance Ministry of Finance Pashtoonistan Maidan Kabul Afghanistan Mr
PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORIZED INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES REPRESENTATIVE AND ALTERNATE REPRESENTATIVE Member Representative Alternate Representative Afghanistan H.E. Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal Mr. Abul Habib Zadran Acting Minister of Finance Deputy Minister for Finance Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance Pashtoonistan Maidan Pashtoonistan Maidan Kabul Kabul Afghanistan Afghanistan Albania H.E. Ms. Anila Denaj Ms. Luljeta Minxhozi Minister of Finance and Economy Deputy Governor Ministry of Finance and Economy Bank of Albania Boulevard Deshmoret E. Kombit, No. 3 Sheshi "Skenderbej", No. 1 Tirana Tirana Albania Albania Algeria H.E. Aimene Benabderrahmane Mr. Ali Bouharaoua Minister of Finance Director General Ministere des Finances Economic and Financial External Affairs Immeuble Ahmed Francis Ministere des Finances Ben Aknoun Immeuble Ahmed Francis Algiers 16306 Ben Aknoun Algeria Algiers 16306 Algeria Argentina H.E. Gustavo Osvaldo Beliz Mr. Christian Gonzalo Asinelli Secretary of Strategic Affairs Under Secretary of International Financial Office of the President Relations for Development Balarce 50 Office of the President Buenos Aires Balarce 50 Argentina Buenos Aires Argentina Armenia H.E. Atom Janjughazyan Mr. Armen Hayrapetyan Minister of Finance First Deputy Minister of Finance Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance Government House 1 Government House 1 Melik-Adamian St. 1 Melik-Adamian St. 1 Yerevan 0010 Yerevan 0010 Armenia Armenia Corporate Secretariat March 24, 2021 1 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AUTHORIZED INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES REPRESENTATIVE AND ALTERNATE REPRESENTATIVE Member Representative Alternate Representative Australia Hon. Josh Frydenberg MP Hon. Michael Sukkar MP Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia Assistant Treasurer Parliament House Parliament House Parliament Dr. Parliament Dr. Canberra ACT 2600 Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Australia Austria H.E. -
Modi: Two Years On
Modi: Two Years On Hudson Institute September 2016 South Asia Program Research Report Modi: Two Years On Aparna Pande, Director, India Initiative Husain Haqqani, Director, South and Central Asia South Asia Program © 2016 Hudson Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information about obtaining additional copies of this or other Hudson Institute publications, please visit Hudson’s website, www.hudson.org ABOUT HUDSON INSTITUTE Hudson Institute is a research organization promoting American leadership and global engagement for a secure, free, and prosperous future. Founded in 1961 by strategist Herman Kahn, Hudson Institute challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic transitions to the future through interdisciplinary studies in defense, international relations, economics, health care, technology, culture, and law. Hudson seeks to guide public policy makers and global leaders in government and business through a vigorous program of publications, conferences, policy briefings and recommendations. Visit www.hudson.org for more information. Hudson Institute 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20004 P: 202.974.2400 [email protected] www.hudson.org Table of Contents Overview 5 Defense 13 Self-Sufficiency 14 Challenges and Opportunities 15 Education and Skill Development 18 Background 18 Modi Administration on Education 20 Prime Minister Modi’s Interventions in Skill Development 20 Challenges and Opportunities 21 India’s Energy Challenge 23 Coal 23 Petroleum 24 Natural Gas 25 Nuclear 27 Renewables 28 Challenges -
Bellagio Housing Declaration
More than Shelter: Housing as an Instrument of Economic and Social Development The Bellagio Housing Conference organized by the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University supported by the Rockefeller Foundation May 2005 BELLAGIO HOUSING DECLARATION We, the participants in the Bellagio Housing Conference, having come from five countries — Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand and the USA—together affirm that sound, sanitary and affordable housing for all is central to the wellbeing of nations. Housing is indeed more than shelter: it is a powerful engine that creates opportunity and economic growth. We affirm the following principles: • Housing as a sustained national priority: Housing is a long term process that requires a stable policy framework and demands national priority attention. • Housing as an engine of social and economic development: Housing brings significant benefits in terms of employment creation, domestic capital mobilization and social wellbeing in the face of the major challenges posed by population growth and urbanization. • Housing as an element of wealth: Equity in housing is a basic source of personal and family wealth and can reduce asset poverty. Owning a home is a powerful incentive to save, work harder and commit to strengthening the community. • Housing as connected markets: Well functioning primary and secondary housing markets should provide diverse housing opportunities and secure tenure forms for all. Reducing the gap between low income affordability and the cost of housing requires access to financial instruments that make demand effective. It also requires efforts on the supply-side to reduce the cost of land, basic infrastructure and housing construction. • Housing and government: Government must play an active and appropriate role in enabling, regulating, facilitating and supporting healthy housing markets and housing finance systems. -
World Bank Document
1 The World Bank 1818 H Street N.W. (202) 477-1234 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Washington, D.C. 20433 Cable Address: INTBAFRAD INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION U.S.A. Cable Address: INDEVAS CONFORMED COPY Public Disclosure Authorized May 19, 2010 Mr. Zheng Xiaosong Director General International Department Ministry of Finance Sanlihe, Beijing 100820 People’s Republic of China Re: China – Eco-Transport in City Clusters: Model Development & Pilots Project Public Disclosure Authorized GEF PPG Grant No. TF096650 Dear Mr. Zheng: In response to the request for financial assistance made on behalf of People’s Republic of China (“Recipient”), I am pleased to inform you that the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (“World Bank”), acting as Implementing Agency of the Global Environment Facility (“GEF”), proposes to extend to the Recipient, a grant in an amount not to exceed two hundred thousand United States Dollars (US$200,000) (“Grant”) on the terms and conditions set forth or referred to in this letter agreement (“Agreement”), which includes the attached Annex, to assist in the financing of the activities described in the Annex (“Activities”). This Grant is funded out of the GEF Public Disclosure Authorized for which the World Bank receives periodic contributions. In accordance with Section 3.02 of the Standard Conditions (as defined in the Annex to this Agreement), the Recipient may withdraw the Grant proceeds subject to the availability of such funds. The Recipient represents, by confirming its agreement below, that it is authorized to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the Activities in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth or referred to in this Agreement. -
United Nations TD/B/C.II/ISAR/INF.6
United Nations TD/B/C.II/ISAR/INF.6 United Nations Conference Distr.: General 2 December 2013 on Trade and Development English/French/Spanish only Trade and Development Board Investment, Enterprise and Development Commission Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting Thirtieth session Geneva, 6–8 November 2013 List of participants Note: The entries in this list and the format in which they are presented are as provided to the secretariat. GE.13- TD/B/C.II/ISAR/INF.6 Experts Angola Mr. Nelito Victor, Department Chief, Ministry of Finance Ms. Maria Neto, Public Officer, Ministry of Finance Argentina Mr. Hernan Pablo Casinelli, SME Implementation Group Member, Federacion Argentina de Consejos Profesionale de Ciencias Economicas Azerbaijan Mr. Nadir Garayev, Head, Treasury Department, Ministry of Finance Mr. Fuad Nasirov, Director, Project Management Unit, Ministry of Finance Mr. Azer Kerimov, Financial Manager, Ministry of Finance Mr. Elman Huseynov, Director, Financial Science and Training Centre, Ministry of Finance Bangladesh Mr. A.K.M. Delwer Hussein, President, Insitute of Cost and Management Accountants Mr. Md Abdus Salam, President, Institute of Chartered Accountants Barbados Ms. Marion Williams, Ambassador, Permanent Mission, Geneva Belarus Mr. Mikalai Saroka, Deputy Head, Accounting, Reporting and Audit Regulation Directorate, Ministry of Finance Ms. Tatsiana Rybak, Head, Accounting, Reporting and Audit Regulation Directorate, Ministry of Finance Belgium Ms. Muriel Vossen, Advisor, Ministry of Economy David Szafran, Director, PricewaterhouseCoopers, (Former Secretary-General of the Institute of Registered Auditors) Belgium (Chair of the thirtieth session of ISAR) Benin M. Arsène Narcisse Omichessan, Attaché, Mission Permanente, Genève M. Thomas Azandossessi, Directeur, Centre National de Formation Comptable/Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances, Ministère des Finances Brazil Mr. -
Economic Ties: a Window of Opportunity for Deeper Engagement
Economic Ties: A Window of Opportunity for Deeper Engagement ESWAR PRASAD rime Minister Narendra Modi’s government than last year. Indeed, in terms of positive growth mo- has picked up the pace of domestic reforms and mentum, the U.S. and India are the two bright spots seems increasingly willing to engage with foreign among the Group of Twenty (G20) economies. This Ppartners of all stripes as part of its strategy to promote provides a propitious environment for the two coun- growth. Of these partners, the United States shares a tries to strengthen their bilateral economic ties. considerable array of interests with India that provide a good foundation on which to build a strong bilateral An obvious dimension in which the two countries economic relationship. The challenge remains that of would benefit is providing broader access to each oth- framing these issues in a manner that highlights how er’s markets for both trade and finance. India is a rapidly making progress on them would be in the mutual inter- growing market for high-technology products (and the ests of the two countries. technology itself) that the U.S. can provide while the U.S. remains the largest market in the world, including India’s economic prospects have improved considerably for high-end services that India is developing a compar- since Modi took office. The economy has revived after ative advantage in. Both of these dimensions of bilateral hitting a rough patch in 2013-14, with GDP growth trade could fit into the rubric of Modi’s “Make in In- likely to exceed 6 percent in 2015, although the man- dia” campaign, turning that into a campaign to boost ufacturing sector continues to turn in a lackluster per- productivity in the Indian manufacturing and services formance. -
China Investment Corporation
China Investment Corporation Annual Report 2012 China Investment Corporation Annual Report 2012 © China Investment Corporation New Poly Plaza, 1 Chaoyangmen Beidajie, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010 Tel +86 (10) 8409 6277 Fax +86 (10) 6408 6908 www.china-inv.cn 1 CHINA INVESTMENT CORPORATION 2012 ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS Message from the Chairman and CEO 2 Corporate Review 8 Overview 9 Culture and Core Values 11 Corporate Governance 13 Investment and Management Review 26 Investment Strategy and Management 27 Risk Management 38 Human Resources 42 Global Outreach 46 2012 Financials 48 2 Message from the Chairman and CEO 3 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN AND CEO 2012 marked the fifth anniversary of China Investment Corporation (CIC), five years of great strides and important progress. In a complex and volatile global market environ- ment, we stayed true to our core values, pursued long-term investments based on commercial considerations and achieved good returns for our shareholder through effective risk management and active adjustment of our asset alloca- tion and portfolio structure. I am pleased to share with you the 2012 Annual Report. In 2012, global financial markets remained in thrall to continued high risks, low yields and high volatility, hall- marks of the post-crisis era. In the first half of 2012, fiscal retrenchment in the United States and deepening crisis in Europe posed strong headwinds, slowing the global economic recovery and prolonging turbulence in financial markets. In the third quarter, the new round of Quantitative Easing launched by the US Federal Reserve, and the Outright Monetary Transactions undertaken by the European Central Bank, helped bolster the global recovery, mitigate tail risks and lift asset prices. -
FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (De) China
OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS China República Popular (de) China La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. OCTUBRE 2020 los grupos étnicos de usar sus propias lenguas; hay seis lenguas principales China en China, además del Mandarín. Moneda: La moneda oficial de la República Popular China es el Renminbi (RMB), que se traduce como “moneda del pueblo, o Yuan (CNY). Cotización media del euro en 2019, 1 euro/ 7,73. Religión: Las religiones tradicionales de China son el Taoísmo y Budismo; RUSIA el Confucianismo es un sistema de conducta con enorme influencia en la KAZAJISTÁN historia del país. Estimaciones de los practicantes de las distintas creen- cias son difíciles de realizar. No obstante algunos cálculos señalan: Taoísmo MONGOLIA Heilongjlang (aprox. 20 millones); Budismo (aprox. 100 millones); Cristianismo: Católicos Urumchi Mongolia Interior Jilin (aprox. 5 millones), Protestantes, (aprox. 15 millones); Musulmanes: (aprox. KIRGUISTÁN 20 millones). Gansu PEKÍN COREA DEL NORTE Ningxia Hebel Forma de Estado: República. COREA DEL SUR PAKISTÁN Qinghai Presidente: Xi Jinping (desde marzo de 2013). Tibet Henan (Xizang) Vicepresidente: Wang Qishan (desde marzo de 2018). Anhui Sichuan Shanghai Primer Ministro: Li Keqiang (desde marzo de 2013). Zhejiang NEPAL Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores: Wang Yi (desde marzo 2013). -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC -
Xi's System, Xi's Men: After the March 2018 National People's Congress
Xi’s System, Xi’s Men: After the March 2018 National People’s Congress Barry Naughton The National People’s Congress meeting in March launched a significant administrative reorganization and approved the appointment of a new generation of economic technocrats. The technocrats are skilled and generally support market-oriented reforms. The reorganization is generally market-friendly, but its main purpose is to create a more disciplined and accountable administration to serve as an instrument for Xi Jinping. Last year, after the 19th Communist Party Conference in October, Xi Jinping laid out a general economic program for the next three years. This March, at the 13th session of the National People’s Congress, Xi introduced significant changes in the administrative structure and fleshed out the personnel assignments that will prevail for the next few years. These changes demonstrate once again how firmly Xi is in control of economic policy and personnel. Even if Xi had not also changed the constitution to eliminate term limits for the president (himself) and vice-president, these changes would be enough to demonstrates Xi’s power and ruling style. The policy framework laid out at the end of 2017 allows space for renewed system reforms. As explained in the previous contribution to CLM, successful economic management in 2017 has permitted Xi to prefer “high quality” growth over “high speed” growth, and in particular to launch “three battles”: reducing financial risk; eliminating poverty; and improving the environment.1 While deepening economic conflicts with the United States have certainly complicated the policy environment, until now the Xi administration has stuck to this basic policy orientation.