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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Impara Le Lingue Con I Film Al Cla
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA - CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO IMPARA LE LINGUE CON I FILM AL CLA Vedere film in lingua straniera è un modo utile e divertente per imparare o perfezionare una lingua straniera. La scheda didattica ti propone delle attività da svolgere prima, durante o dopo la visione del film. Qui sotto sono specificati la lingua e il/i livello/i a cui si rivolgono le attività contenute nella scheda. TITOLO DEL FILM IN LINGUA ORIGINALE: Seven Years in Tibet TITOLO DEL FILM IN ITALIANO: Sette Anni in Tibet LINGUA: inglese LIVELLO: B2 (upper intermediate) LEGENDA DEI SIMBOLI: attività che richiede l’uso di carta e penna attività con domande a risposta chiusa attività con domande a risposta aperta senza correzione attività che richiede un computer e/o un collegamento ad Internet consigli per la visione del film e per le attività didattiche SCHEDA DIDATTICA SUL FILM: Seven Years in Tibet ATTIVITÀ PER IL LIVELLO: B2 (upper intermediate) ATTIVITÀ PRIMA DELLA VISIONE DEL FILM Esercizio 1: historical background This film is based on the incredible true adventures of Heinrich Harrer, an Austrian mountaineer who died in January 2006, aged 93. His story is intertwined with the history of World War II, and of Tibet. Can you put these events in order, by choosing the correct year for each? If you want, you can look at this website to help you: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Harrer Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter are captured by the 1912 British army in British colony India when Britain and France declare war on Germany. -
TIBET, CHINA, and the OLYMPICS Introduction
TIBET, CHINA, AND THE OLYMPICS Introduction China has controlled Tibet since 1959. In end to Chinese rule. They also called on Focus This News in March 2008, a wave of violent protests the international community to use its Review story erupted in Lhasa, Tibet’s capital, and in influence to pressure China to change focuses on the other parts of the country. Ethnic Tibetans its policies toward Tibet. Some went so ongoing conflict took to the streets to vent their long- far as to urge an international boycott of between Tibet and pent-up fury over China’s heavy-handed the Games as a means of indicating the China. Tibetan occupation and their lack of freedom. world’s displeasure with China’s actions. activists who want Chinese settlers in the region were As the torch relay made its way to independence from China have targeted for especially harsh treatment. other world cities, the protesters grew targeted China’s Many of the protesters were Buddhist in numbers and determination. Tibetan preparations for monks, followers of the Dalai Lama, the exiles were joined by others in Australia, the 2008 Summer religious leader of the Tibetan people and India, Europe, and North and South Olympics. These a Nobel Peace Prize winner. He has lived America who sympathized with their protests have in exile in India ever since Chinese leader cause and criticized China’s poor human placed concerns about repression Mao Zedong ordered his troops into Tibet rights record in Tibet and elsewhere. in Tibet and other to consolidate China’s control over the In San Francisco, the demonstrations Chinese human long-rebellious territory. -
17-Point Agreement of 1951 by Song Liming
FACTS ABOUT THE 17-POINT “Agreement’’ Between Tibet and China Dharamsala, 22 May 22 DIIR PUBLICATIONS The signed articles in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Central Tibetan Administration. This report is compiled and published by the Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Gangchen Kyishong, Dharamsala 176 215, H. P., INDIA Email: [email protected] Website: www.tibet.net and ww.tibet.com CONTENTS Part One—Historical Facts 17-point “Agreement”: The full story as revealed by the Tibetans and Chinese who were involved Part Two—Scholars’ Viewpoint Reflections on the 17-point Agreement of 1951 by Song Liming The “17-point Agreement”: Context and Consequences by Claude Arpi The Relevance of the 17-point Agreement Today by Michael van Walt van Praag Tibetan Tragedy Began with a Farce by Cao Changqing Appendix The Text of the 17-point Agreement along with the reproduction of the original Tibetan document as released by the Chinese government His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s Press Statements on the “Agreement” FORWARD 23 May 2001 marks the 50th anniversary of the signing of the 17-point Agreement between Tibet and China. This controversial document, forced upon an unwilling but helpless Tibetan government, compelled Tibet to co-exist with a resurgent communist China. The People’s Republic of China will once again flaunt this dubious legal instrument, the only one China signed with a “minority” people, to continue to legitimise its claim on the vast, resource-rich Tibetan tableland. China will use the anniversary to showcase its achievements in Tibet to justify its continued occupation of the Tibetan Plateau. -
Quarterly of the Nepal and Tibet Philatelic Study Circle
POSTAL HIMAL QUARTERLY OF THE NEPAL AND TIBET PHILATELIC STUDY CIRCLE The TSARONG Crest: No. 84 4th Quarter 1995 Postal Himal is' a qua r terly publication of the Nepal & Tibet Phi latelic Study Circle . Membe rship subscriptions run from January through Decent:Jer of each yea r . Dues should be paid in l ocal currency at the prevai ling exchange rat e to the society representative in your area. ~E M8ERSHI P DUE S AS Of JAN UA RY 1993 4th Quarter 1995 One Yea r Three Year s Li f e Member £ 12 £ 33 £250 Ame r ican Philatelic Society Affiliate #122 Bri t ish Philatelic Federation Affiliate #435 Secretary: Mr . Col i n Heppcr Editor: Mr . Leo Martyn C/72 Call e Miguel Angel P.o. 80x 49263 El Sueno -Fase I Los Angeles , CA 90049-0263 El Chaparral U.S.A. 031BO Torrevieja Fax: 310 476 - 2608 Alicante Spain The Board Of The Nepal And Tibet Philatelic Study Circle : President: Dr . Wol f gang C. Hellrigl Past President : Dr . Pier re Couv reur Vice President: Mr . Colin T. Heppe r Secretary: Mr . Co l in T. Hepper Tr easurer: Mr . Colin T. Hepper Aucti oneers: Leo Martyn & Roger Skinner Members : Mr. Christopher Kinc" Mr . Al an Warren , Mr . Francis A. Westb r ook Jr . Ed itor: Mr. Leo I"lartyn Representatives: Europe Mr . Co lin Hepper, see address above . India Soha n Lal Ohawan & Sons, P.D. Box 95, Datiala-147001 , India. Nepal Mr. Surendra Lal Shrestha, Kathmandu District , P.O. Box 72 , Kathmandu, Nepal. U.S.A. -
The Design of the Ali CMB Polarization Telescope Receiver
The design of the Ali CMB Polarization Telescope receiver M. Salatinoa,b, J.E. Austermannc, K.L. Thompsona,b, P.A.R. Aded, X. Baia,b, J.A. Beallc, D.T. Beckerc, Y. Caie, Z. Changf, D. Cheng, P. Chenh, J. Connorsc,i, J. Delabrouillej,k,e, B. Doberc, S.M. Duffc, G. Gaof, S. Ghoshe, R.C. Givhana,b, G.C. Hiltonc, B. Hul, J. Hubmayrc, E.D. Karpela,b, C.-L. Kuoa,b, H. Lif, M. Lie, S.-Y. Lif, X. Lif, Y. Lif, M. Linkc, H. Liuf,m, L. Liug, Y. Liuf, F. Luf, X. Luf, T. Lukasc, J.A.B. Matesc, J. Mathewsonn, P. Mauskopfn, J. Meinken, J.A. Montana-Lopeza,b, J. Mooren, J. Shif, A.K. Sinclairn, R. Stephensonn, W. Sunh, Y.-H. Tsengh, C. Tuckerd, J.N. Ullomc, L.R. Valec, J. van Lanenc, M.R. Vissersc, S. Walkerc,i, B. Wange, G. Wangf, J. Wango, E. Weeksn, D. Wuf, Y.-H. Wua,b, J. Xial, H. Xuf, J. Yaoo, Y. Yaog, K.W. Yoona,b, B. Yueg, H. Zhaif, A. Zhangf, Laiyu Zhangf, Le Zhango,p, P. Zhango, T. Zhangf, Xinmin Zhangf, Yifei Zhangf, Yongjie Zhangf, G.-B. Zhaog, and W. Zhaoe aStanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA bKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA cNational Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA dCardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom eUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 fInstitute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 gNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012 hNational Taiwan University, Taipei 10617 iUniversity of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA jIN2P3, CNRS, Laboratoire APC, Universit´ede Paris, 75013 Paris, France kIRFU, CEA, Universit´eParis-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France lBeijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 mAnhui University, Hefei 230039 nArizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85004, USA oShanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 pSun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082 ABSTRACT Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT-1) is the first CMB degree-scale polarimeter to be deployed on the Tibetan plateau at 5,250 m above sea level. -
The Ali CMB Polarization Telescope
The Ali CMB Polarization Telescope Maria Salatino Stanford University/KIPAC on behalf of the AliCPT-1 Collaboration Towards Coordination of the European CMB Programme Paris - September 13,1 2019 Outline • The collaboration • The science • The observable sky • The instrument design 2 The AliCPT-1 Collaboration PI Xinmin Zhang US PI Chao-Lin Kuo Collaboration Meeting Beijing, April 12-16 2019 3 The AliCPT-1 Collaboration IHEP pipeline, data analysis, scan strategy, control system, site, mount, test/integration Stanford cryostat receiver, optics/AR, focal plane module NAOC logistics, site NIST det arrays and modules, feedhorns and readout components ASU LNAs, cryogenic harness, readout electronics NTU scan strategy, calibration CNRS science, data analysis Jacques Delabrouille USTC CMB science SJTU foregrounds, cross-correlations BNU foregrounds, lensing 4 AliCPT-1 in a nutshell • 72cm aperture, FOV 20.8° (4-7det tiles) FOV 33.4° (19det tiles) • 95/150GHz, 27/19% bandwidth • 19’ and 11’ • 1704 pol-sensitive, optical dichroich TESes per tile • 280mK, NEP 3-5~10-17W/sqrt(Hz) • 4 detector modules • Cryostat and optics: up to 19 det modules • Forebaffle design: up to 7 det modules • scanning in azimuth at constant elevation • (45°-70°) elevation range • up to 4°/s scanning speed • Instrument design heritage BICEP3 5 Ahmed Z. et al., SPIE 2014 AliCPT-1 in a nutshell • 72cm aperture, FOV 20.8° (4-7det tiles) FOV 33.4° (19det tiles) • 95/150GHz, 27/19% bandwidth • 19’ and 11’ • 1704 pol-sensitive, optical dichroich TESes per tile • 280mK, NEP 3-5~10-17W/sqrt(Hz) • 4 detector modules • Cryostat and optics: up to 19 det modules • Forebaffle design: up to 7 det modules • scanning in azimuth at constant elevation • (45°-70°) elevation range • up to 4°/s scanning speed • Instrument design heritage BICEP3 6 Ahmed Z. -
Bibliography of Other Resources
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF OTHER RESOURCES Ahmad, Zahiruddin. Sino-Tibetan Relations in the Seventeenth Century. Rome : Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremeo Oriente, 1970. Aitchison, C. U. A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publication Branch, 1929. Alexander, André. The Temples of Lhasa: Tibetan Buddhist Architecture from the 7th to the 21st Centuries. Chicago: Serindia, 2005. Allan, J., T. Wolseley Haig, and H. H. Dodwell, Cambridge Shorter History of India , vol. 3. New York: Macmillan, 1934. Allen, Charles. Duel in the Snows: The True Story of the Younghusband Mission to Lhasa. London, John Murray, 2004. Aoki, Bunkyo. Chibetto bunka no shin kenkyu. Tokyo: Yukosha, 1940; Bunkyo Aoki, Study on Early Tibetan Chronicles regarding discrepancies of dates and their adjustment. Tokyo: Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai, 1955. Aris, Michael. Hidden treasures and secret lives: a study of Pemalingpa (1450–1521) and the sixth Dalai Lama (1683–1706). London: Kegan Paul, 1989. “Arsenic killed Chinese emperor, reports say,” http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/ asiapcf/11/04/china.emperor/index.html?eref=rss_world, accessed on December 7, 2008. Avedon, John F. In Exile From the Land of Snows: First Full Account of Dalai Lama and Tibet since the Chinese Conquest. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984. Aufschnaiter, Peter. Peter Aufschnaiter’s Eight Years in Tibet. ed. by Martin Brauen. Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2006. Bacot, J., F. W. Thomas, and Ch. Toussaint. Documents de Touen-houang. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1940. Barthold, W. Encyclopedia of Islam. Leyden, Brill, 1839. Beard, Charles and Alvin S. Johnson, “Record of Political Events,” in Political Science Quarterly 20 (1905). -
Probing Primordial Gravitational Waves: Ali CMB Polarization Telescope∗
Probing Primordial Gravitational Waves: Ali CMB Polarization Telescope∗ Hong Li1, Si-Yu Li1, Yang Liu2;3, Yong-Ping Li2;3, Yifu Cai4, Mingzhe Li5, Gong-Bo Zhao6;7, Cong-Zhan Liu1, Zheng-Wei Li1, He Xu1, Di Wu1, Yong-Jie Zhang1, Zu-Hui Fan8, Yong-Qiang Yao6, Chao-Lin Kuo 9, Fang-Jun Lu1 and Xinmin Zhang2;3 1Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China 2Theoretical Physics Division, Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 4CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China 5Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China 6National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science, Jia 20, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, P.R.China 7Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK 8Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and 9Physics Department, Stanford University, 385 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA In this paper, we will give a general introduction to the project of Ali CMB Polarization Telescope (AliCPT), which is a Sino-US joint project led by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and involves many different institutes in China. It is the first ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment in China and an integral part of China's Gravitational Waves Program. -
Introduction
TIBET UNDER COMMUNIST CHINA Introduction Tibet Under Communist China—50 Years is a detailed and comprehensive examination of the various strands of Beijing’s imperial strategy to cement its rule over one of the restive outposts of communist China’s sprawling empire. It sheds new light on the over-arching geopolitical impulses that drive China to initiate new, and sometimes contradictory, policies in Tibet, only to reverse them in a decade or two, all in the attempt to ensure that one loose brick does not bring the whole imperial edifice crumbling down. In this respect, Tibet Under Communist China—50 Years will be a new resource to both China specialists, governments, businessmen and other interested parties in their understanding of the world’s largest surviving empire, which also happens to be its biggest market with a booming economy and an insatiable appetite for energy and other resources. As long as China remained a one-party dictatorship sticking to a socialist pattern of development, the natural resources of the so-called minority peoples were fairly safe. Now with China’s conversion to a market economy with one of the highest annual growth rate in the world, the abundant natural resources on the fringes of the empire are rapidly exploited to fuel the dynamic development of the centre. The change of the Chinese attitude to its imperial fringes, from mere imperial outposts to resource-rich colonies to supply the raw material to maintain a dynamic economy, should be of enormous concern to the so-called minorities who inhabit these vast regions endowed with rich natural resources. -
Book and Exhibition Reviews
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 4 Number 3 Himalayan Research Bulletin Fall Article 8 1984 Fall 1984 Book and Exhibition Reviews Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation . 1984. Book and Exhibition Reviews. HIMALAYA 4(3). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol4/iss3/8 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vll. BOOK AND EXHIBmON REVIEWS Kantowsky, D. & R. Sander (eds.) 1983 Recent Research on Ladakh. History, Culture, Sociology, Ecology. Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Konstanz [Constance ] 2.3 - 2.6 November 1981. Munich, etc.: Weltforum Verlag 1983. Schriftenreihe Internationales Asienforum, Band 1, 2.82. pages, 16 black & white plates; ink drawings, tables, sketch- maps. Price: DM 59. Reviewed by: Andr~s Hofer Universitat Heidelberg The book is a meritorious undertaking in that it reviews a number of projects, mainly by young scholars, exploring a little- known area which has only recently been re-opened for Westerners. It contains 15 contributions in English, 2. in German and 2. in French. They differ in both scope and quality, and this cannot be justified by the preliminary character of the research results alone. Suffice it to mention some of the outstanding papers: D. Schuh's notes on the relations between Ladakh and Bhutan in the 17th century, along with a warning against the social scientists' lighthearted reliance in secondary sources on Tibet; R. -
Ladakh at the Cross-Road During 19Th and 20Th Century
Ladakh at the Cross-road During 19th and 20th Century Rinchen Dolma Abstract In most of the historical records of the Silk Route there is reference to Ladakh, and many viewed it as an extension of it. Ladakh acted as an important gateway in the exchange of men, material and ideas through the ages. Leh the capital of Ladakh was the meeting point for traders from South Asia and from Central Asia. Ladakh as a conduit between India and Central Asia played an important role in the political, commercial and cultural domains both in the ancient and medieval times. Due to its geographical proximity to Central Asia and linkages to old Silk-Route, Ladakh became the transit emporium in the bilateral Indo-Central Asian trade. The present paper is intended to study the glimpses of historical links of India and Central Asia through Ladakh along with the present geopolitical and geostrategic location of the region. Moreover, the revival of ancient routes of Ladakh and its benefits has also been discussed. Keywords Ladakh, Central Asia, Silk-Road, Buddhism, Culture, Trade and Security. Introduction Ladakh has always played a fundamental role since early times because of its geographical contiguity with Eastern Turkistan and has provided a space for overland trade routes and also for the existence of socio- cultural links between different regions. The regions of Ladakh and Kashmir Valley had links with the regions of Central Asia stretching back to the nineteenth and the twentith centuries. Today families who had traditional trade links in Leh narrate the trade flows between Leh and Yarkand well into the middle of the last century.