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Bangladesh Rapporto COI 1 Luglio 2019 Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza Human Rights and Refugee Law Legal Clinic Bangladesh Rapporto COI 1 luglio 2019 CIA, Bangladesh Administrative Division, 2011 Disclaimer Questo rapporto è stato preparato sulla base di fonti ad accesso pubblico attualmente nella disponibilità della Human Rights and Refugee Law Legal Clinic del Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza dell’Università degli Studi Roma Tre a fronte di predeterminati limiti temporali. Questo rapporto non è e non deve considerarsi conclusivo rispetto al merito di alcuna richiesta individuale di riconoscimento di protezione internazionale. Tutte le informazioni cui il rapporto fa riferimento, salvo quelle relative a fatti notori, sono verificate, salvo che il rapporto non indichi diversamente. Tutte le fonti utilizzate sono menzionate nelle note. Si prega di leggere i documenti citati nella loro interezza. Le fonti in lingua straniera sono riassunte in italiano. I passaggi riassunti sono riportati in originale nell’annesso. 2 Sommario Executive summary in italiano ............................................................................................................. 8 Executive summary in English .......................................................................................................... 10 Glossario ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Introduzione ....................................................................................................................................... 13 INFORMAZIONI GENERALI ......................................................................................................... 14 1. Situazione demografica ed economica ................................................................................... 14 1.1. Popolazione .................................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Situazione economica .................................................................................................... 14 2. Ordinamento dello Stato ........................................................................................................ 15 2.1. Il presidente della repubblica ......................................................................................... 15 2.2. Potere legislativo ............................................................................................................ 16 2.3. Potere esecutivo ............................................................................................................. 16 2.4. Potere giudiziario ........................................................................................................... 17 2.5. La Commissione nazionale per i diritti umani ............................................................... 18 2.6. Divisioni amministrative ................................................................................................ 19 3. Ordinamento giuridico ........................................................................................................... 19 3.1. Costituzione ................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.1. Deroghe alle disposizioni contenute nella parte III della Costituzione (diritti fondamentali) ............................................................................................................................. 20 3.2. Fonti legislative .............................................................................................................. 22 3.3. Fonti consuetudinarie ..................................................................................................... 22 3.4. Diritto di famiglia, diritti economici e successione ....................................................... 22 3.4.1. Legge personale islamica ........................................................................................... 23 3.4.2. Legge personale induista ............................................................................................ 23 3.4.3. Legge personale cristiana ........................................................................................... 24 4. Trattati internazionali sui diritti umani .................................................................................. 24 5. Pena di morte ......................................................................................................................... 24 ELEZIONI ......................................................................................................................................... 26 1. Attori politici .......................................................................................................................... 26 1.1 La Lega Popolare Bengalese (Awami League, AL) ...................................................... 26 1.2 Partito Nazionalista del Bangladesh (Bangladesh Nationalist Party, BNP) .................. 26 1.3 Commissione elettorale .................................................................................................. 27 2. Contesto politico .................................................................................................................... 28 2.1 Elezioni del 2014 ........................................................................................................... 28 2.2 Elezioni del 2018 ........................................................................................................... 28 3 3. Instabilità e violenza .............................................................................................................. 29 3.1 Repressione dell’opposizione da parte dello Stato ........................................................ 29 3.1.1 Sparizioni forzate ....................................................................................................... 30 3.1.2 Esecuzioni extra-giudiziali ......................................................................................... 31 3.1.3 Faziosità dei processi e detenzione arbitraria ............................................................ 32 3.1.4 Libertà di espressione e di stampa ............................................................................. 33 3.2 Violenza da parte dell’opposizione ...................................................................................... 34 CONDIZIONE DELLE CARCERI ................................................................................................... 35 TERRORISMO .................................................................................................................................. 36 1. Organizzazioni terroristiche ................................................................................................... 36 1.1. Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) ..................................................................... 36 1.2. Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh ................................................................................ 36 1.3. Harkat ul-Jihad-e-Islami Bangladesh (HUJI-B) ............................................................ 37 1.4. Islamic State (ISIS) ........................................................................................................ 37 1.5. Ansar al-Islam o Al-Qaeda nel subcontinente indiano (AQIS) ..................................... 37 1.6. Partiti politici.................................................................................................................. 37 1.7. Purba Bangla Communist Party (PBCP) ....................................................................... 38 1.8. Islami Chhatra Shibir ..................................................................................................... 38 1.9. Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT) .................................................................................... 38 1.10. Al-Yakin Mujahidin ................................................................................................... 38 1.11. Bangalee Somo Odhikar Andolon (BSOA) ............................................................... 38 1.12. Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT) Bangladesh ............................................................................. 38 1.13. Muslim extremists ...................................................................................................... 39 1.14. Rohingya extremists ................................................................................................... 39 2. Risposta statale ....................................................................................................................... 39 2.1. Legislazione e critiche ................................................................................................... 39 2.2. Condotta statale e violazioni dei diritti umani nel contesto della lotta al terrorismo..... 41 AMMINISTRAZIONE DELLA GIUSTIZIA ................................................................................... 42 1. Indipendenza .......................................................................................................................... 42 2. Giusto processo ...................................................................................................................... 42 2.1. Ritardi nell’amministrazione della giustizia .................................................................. 42 2.2. Arresti ingiustificati e segnalazioni false ......................................................................
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