Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis CROSSOVER FICTION Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Children’s Literature and Culture The Case of Peter Rabbit Jack Zipes, Series Editor Changing Conditions of Literature for Children Children’s Literature Comes of Age by Margaret Mackey Toward a New Aesthetic by Maria Nikolajeva The Feminine Subject in Children’s Literature Sparing the Child by Christine Wilkie-Stibbs Grief and the Unspeakable in Youth Literature Ideologies of Identity in Adolescent Fiction About Nazism and the Holocaust by Robyn McCallum by Hamida Bosmajian Recycling Red Riding Hood Rediscoveries in Children’s Literature by Sandra Beckett by Suzanne Rahn The Poetics of Childhood Inventing the Child by Roni Natov Culture, Ideology, and the Story of Childhood by Joseph L. Zornado Voices of the Other Children’s Literature and the Postcolonial Regendering the School Story Context Sassy Sissies and Tattling Tomboys edited by Roderick McGillis by Beverly Lyon Clark Narrating Africa A Necessary Fantasy? George Henty and the Fiction of Empire The Heroic Figure in Children’s Popular by Mawuena Kossi Logan Culture edited by Dudley Jones and Tony Watkins Reimagining Shakespeare for Children and Young Adults White Supremacy in Children’s Literature edited by Naomi J. Miller Characterizations of African Americans, 1830–1900 Representing the Holocaust in Youth by Donnarae MacCann Literature by Lydia Kokkola Ways of Being Male Representing Masculinities in Children’s Translating for Children Literature and Film by Riitta Oittinen by John Stephens Beatrix Potter Writing in Code Retelling Stories, Framing Culture by M. Daphne Kutzer Traditional Story and Metanarratives in Children’s Literature Children’s Films by John Stephens and Robyn McCallum History, Ideology, Pedagogy, Theory by Ian Wojcik-Andrews Pinocchio Goes Postmodern Perils of a Puppet in the United States Utopian and Dystopian Writing for by Richard Wunderlich and Children and Young Adults Thomas J. Morrissey edited by Carrie Hintz and Elaine Ostry Little Women and the Feminist Imagination Transcending Boundaries Criticism, Controversy, Personal Essays Writing for a Dual Audience of Children edited by Janice M. Alberghene and and Adults Beverly Lyon Clark edited by Sandra L. Beckett The Presence of the Past The Making of the Modern Child Memory, Heritage, and Childhood in Children’s Literature and Childhood in the Postwar Britain Late Eighteenth Century by Valerie Krips by Andrew O’Malley Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis How Picturebooks Work Myth, Symbol, and Meaning in by Maria Nikolajeva and Carole Scott Mary Poppins The Governess as Provocateur Brown Gold by Georgia Grilli Milestones of African American Children’s Picture Books, 1845–2002 A Critical History of French Children’s by Michelle H. Martin Literature, Vols. 1 & 2 by Penny Brown Russell Hoban/Forty Years Once Upon a Time in a Different World Essays on His Writing for Children Issues and Ideas in African American by Alida Allison Children’s Literature by Neal A. Lester Apartheid and Racism in South African Children’s Literature The Gothic in Children’s Literature by Donnarae MacCann and Haunting the Borders Amadu Maddy edited by Anna Jackson, Karen Coats, and Roderick McGillis Empire’s Children Empire and Imperialism in Classic British Reading Victorian Schoolrooms Children’s Books Childhood and Education in by M. Daphne Kutzer Nineteenth-Century Fiction by Elizabeth Gargano Constructing the Canon of Children’s Soon Come Home to This Island Literature West Indians in British Children’s Literature Beyond Library Walls and Ivory Towers by Karen Sands-O’Connor by Anne Lundin Boys in Children’s Literature and Popular Youth of Darkest England Culture Working Class Children at the Heart of Masculinity, Abjection, and the Fictional Victorian Empire Child by Troy Boone by Annette Wannamaker Ursula K. Le Guin Beyond Genre Into the Closet Literature for Children and Adults Cross-dressing and the Gendered Body in by Mike Cadden Children’s Literature by Victoria Flanagan Twice-Told Children’s Tales edited by Betty Greenway Russian Children’s Literature and Culture edited by Marina Balina and Diana Wynne Jones Larissa Rudova The Fantastic Tradition and Children’s Literature The Outside Child In and Out of the Book by Farah Mendlesohn by Christine Wilkie-Stibbs Representing Africa in Children’s Literature Childhood and Children’s Books in Early Old and New Ways of Seeing Modern Europe, 1550–1800 by Vivian Yenika-Agbaw edited by Andrea Immel and Michael Witmore The Fantasy of Family Nineteenth-Century Children’s Literature Voracious Children and the Myth of the Domestic Ideal Who Eats Whom in Children’s Literature by Liz Thiel by Carolyn Daniel From Nursery Rhymes to Nationhood National Character in South African Children’s Literature and the Construction of Children’s Literature Canadian Identity by Elwyn Jenkins by Elizabeth A. Galway Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis The Family in English Children’s Literature by Ann Alston Enterprising Youth Social Values and Acculturation in Nineteenth-Century American Children’s Literature edited by Monika Elbert Constructing Adolescence in Fantastic Realism by Alison Waller Crossover Fiction Global and Historical Perspectives by Sandra L. Beckett Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis CROSSOVER FICTION Global and Historical Perspectives SANDRA L. BECKETT Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis First published 2009 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2009 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Beckett, Sandra L., 1953– Crossover fiction : global and historical perspectives / by Sandra L. Beckett. p. cm. — (Children’s literature and culture ; 56) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Children’s stories—History and criticism. 2. Fiction—History and criticism. 3. Books and reading—History. I. Title. PN1009.A1B42 2008 809.3—dc22 2008003925 ISBN 0-203-89313-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0–415–98033–X (hbk) ISBN10: 0–203–89313–1 (ebk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–98033–3 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–203–89313–5 (ebk) Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis For Paul and my three J’s Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Contents Series Editor’s Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Adult-to-Child Crossover Fiction 17 Chapter 2 Rewriting for Another Audience 61 Chapter 3 Child-to-Adult Crossover Fiction 85 Chapter 4 All Ages Fantasy 135 Chapter 5 Authors Crossing Over 163 Chapter 6 Publishers and the Marketplace 179 Chapter 7 Paratexts and Packaging 231 Epilogue: Causes and Consequences of the Current Crossover Craze 251 Notes 273 Bibliography 298 Index 324 ix Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Series Editor’s Foreword Dedicated to furthering original research in children’s literature and culture, the Children’s Literature and Culture series includes monographs on individual authors and illustrators, historical examinations of different periods, literary analyses of genres, and comparative studies on literature and the mass media. The series is international in scope and is intended to encourage innovative research in children’s literature with a focus on interdisciplinary methodology. Children’s literature and culture are understood in the broadest sense of the term ‘children’ to encompass the period of childhood up through adolescence. Owing to the fact that the notion of childhood has changed so much since the origination of children’s literature, this Routledge series is particularly concerned with transformations in children’s culture and how they have affected the representation and socialization of children. While the emphasis of the series is on children’s literature, all types of studies that deal with children’s radio, film, television, and art are included in an endeavor to grasp the aesthetics and values of children’s culture. Not only have there been momentous changes in children’s culture in the last fifty years, but there have been radical shifts in the scholarship that deals with these changes. In this regard, the goal of the Children’s Literature and Culture series is to enhance research in this field and, at the same time, point to new directions that bring together the best scholarly work throughout the world. Jack Zipes xi Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Copyrighted Material-Taylor & Francis Acknowledgments I am particularly indebted to the many authors around the globe who graciously discussed their work with me. I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the many friends and colleagues who have contributed in some way