Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the States of Goiás and Minas Gerais, Brazil

Phytotaxa 201 (2): 149–157 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.5

Two new species of Borreria (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais, Brazil

Laila M. Miguel1,*, Elnatan B. Souza2 & Elsa L. Cabral1 1 Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE–CONICET), Sargento Cabral 2131, c.c. 209, CP 3400. FACENA–UNNE, Av. Libertad 5460. Corrientes, Argentina. 2 Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Av. da Universidade, 850, Betânia, 62040–370, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. * Author for correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

Two new species of Borreria from Goiás and Minas Gerais are described and illustrated. Borreria minensis was found in “campos rupestres” formation, between 1100 and 1600 m elevation, and is endemic to Minas Gerais, while Borreria psyllocarpoides was found in the “cerrado” vegetation, at the border of Goiás and Minas Gerais. Electron microphotographs of the seeds and pollen grains, and a distribution map of the two new species are also provided.

Key words: Pollen grains, seeds, subsection Borreria, taxonomy

Introduction

Borreria Meyer (1818: 79) occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and its, with ca. 100 species, the largest genus of tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). The generic delimitation of Borreria is controversial. Species in the Paleotropics have all been relegated under synonym of Spermacoce Linnaeus (1753: 102) (Verdcourt 1976, Sivarajan et al. 1987, Dessein 2002, 2003a, Harwood & Dessein 2005). In the Neotropics, instead, opinions regarding the generic delimitation are divergent. Delprete and collaborators have applied the paleotropical concept of Spermacoce to all Neotropical species in floristic treatments of the genus in specific South American areas (Delprete 2007, 2010; Delprete et al. 2005; Delprete & Cortés 2006). In contrast, other studies on American species recognized both taxa as separated and maintained Borreria based on inflorescence, pollen, fruit, and seed characters (Bacigalupo & Cabral 1996, 2007, Bacigalupo et al. 2010, Cabral et al. 2010, 2011, 2012a, 2012b, Miguel & Cabral 2013, Salas et al. 2011). Additionally, molecular phylogenetic relationship between Borreria and Spermacoce are still unresolved. Molecular work by Kårehed et al. (2008) using chloroplast and nuclear genes weakly supports the concept of relegating Borreria under Spermacoce, but the last one is paraphyletic. Several morphologically well-defined genera are in fact intermingled with Spermacoce species, including i.e. Diodia Linnaeus (1753: 104), Mitracarpus Zuccarini (1827: 210), Richardia Linnaeus (1753: 330) and Psyllocarpus Martius & Zuccarini (1824: 130). Moreover, this and other currently available studies include few representative species of the Neotropical flora (only nine American species of Borreria in Dessein 2003b; five species in Kårehed et al. 2008; four species in Groeninckx et al. 2009). In all these studies, phylogenetic relationships of American species of Borreria and Spermacoce are unclear. Therefore, because more comprehensive molecular studies and a revision of American species of Borreria and Spermacoce are necessary to disentangle relationships among these two genera, in this paper, we consider both genera as separate, following previous work in our research group (Bacigalupo & Cabral 1996; Cabral et al. 2011, 2012a, 2012b; Miguel & Cabral 2013; Salas et al. 2011). For Brazil, 69 species of Borreria have been recorded, 26 of which occur in the state of Minas Gerais (Cabral & Salas 2014). The two new species described below are subshrubs characterized by corollas four lobed, exerted stamens and style, bilobed stigma, pantoporate pollen grains, septicidal capsules (dehiscent from the apex) with both cocci dehiscent, and ventrally sulcate seeds. Some of these features also characterize the subsection Borreria (Bacigalupo & Cabral 1996). Borreria psyllocarpoides is known from both sides of the border between the states of Goiás and Minas

Accepted by Manuel Belgrano: 31 Jan. 2015; published: 27 Feb. 2015 149 References

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