Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1 INDEX

Note 1: Page references in italics denote figures and tables. There may also be textual references on these pages. Note 2: Place-names are mostly in Oxfordshire unless otherwise stated. Note 3: Subheadings are in alphabetical order except in the case of chronological periods, where they are in chronological order.

Abermule, Powys 322 Abingdon Ashville Trading Estate 234, 244, 274, 324, 325, 326 Corporation Farm 313, 320, 322, 325 Mesolithic flintwork 17 Romano-British settlement 167 Vineyard 269, 274 Abingdon Abbey 5,254,267 Abingdon Area Archaeological and Historical Society (AAAHS) 1, 7, 8 Abingdon causewayed enclosure xxiii, 1, 5, 8, 19, 26, 82, 167, 171, 254, 266, 275, 309, 316 bone/antler 235,271,279 environmental analysis 269, 270 flint 17,213,214,218,220 grain impressions 256, 263 pit scatter 319 prehistoric pottery 196, 198, 244, 256, 320, 322 radiocarbon dating 270, 278-9, 294, 301, 330, 333, 337-9 in regional context 320, 321 ritual complex development 298, 300, 301, 303 stone axes 228 Abingdon Common 320 Acklam Wold, Yorkshire 235 aerial photography xxiii, xxiv, 1, 3, 4, 322, 325, 328 barrow 12 97 linear features 17 pond barrow 4583 52 ring ditch 201 133 segmented ring ditch 44 age structure adult burials barrow 1 143 barrow 4 155 barrow 4A 154 barrow 5 156 barrow 12 102,315 barrow 15 160, 161 barrow 17 166 Beaker 'flat' graves 59, 60, 316, 318 'flat' graves 31,33,316 intercutting pits/pit scatter 89 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 29, 276 methodology 172 oval barrow 20,25,316 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 122, 124 ring ditch 201 138 adult burials (ageing) barrow 3 153 pond barrow 4866 121, 124 adult cremations barrow 2 149 barrow 11 159 barrow 12 102 barrow 16 165

356 index

cremation 951 59 linear cremation cemetery 128, 129, 130, 131 pond barrow 4866 115 child burials barrow 4A 154 barrow 12 . 101, 209, 289, 315 barrow 15 161 Beaker'flat' graves 55-6, 59, 316, 318, 324, 327 'flat' graves 31, 33, 275, 316 pond barrow 4866 118, 122, 173, 220, 244, 253, 286, 315 child cremation, linear cremation cemetery 131 cremation burials 172 and grave goods 224 infant burials barrow 12 102,107,110 barrow 17 166 Beaker 'flat' graves 56 segmented ring ditch 45 infant cremations barrow 12 102 linear cremation cemetery 131 possible, barrow 16 165 ring ditch 611 35,37 neonate burial, Beaker 'flat' graves 56, 173, 176 subadult burials barrow 5 156 barrow 12 101, 102 barrow 15 162 barrow 17 173-5 Beaker 'flat' graves 59 methodology 172 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 119, 122-4 subadult cremations barrow 2 149 cremation 951 59 linear cremation cemetery 129, 130, 131 agriculture 258 barrow destruction 168, 269 cereal cultivation 272, 274 Daisy Banks Fen 267 late Bronze Age intensification 274 ridge and furrow cultivation 1, 168 Aldbourne, 145, 235 alder charcoal 247,249 pond barrow 4866 119, 253, 272, 315 alder woodland ; 267,270,273 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 260, 261, 262, 266 Aldro, Yorkshire 224,234 Aldwincle, Northamptonshire 277 Alfriston, Sussex 277,278 Alington Avenue, Dorchester, Dorset 330 Allen, Major 1, 3, 6 Alsop Moor, Derbyshire 235 Alston, Northumbria 183 amber distribution of 328 and faience necklace see beads (jet/shale bead necklace) amber beads Stanton Harcourt 234 Zurich Mozartstrasse, Switzerland 186 Amesbury, Wiltshire 192, 234, 235, 289, 290, 293

357 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1 anaemia, evidence of 33, 122, 172-3 Anglo-Saxon period 171 Barton Court Farm 167 populaton in 172 see also Saxon period animal bone see bone, animal animal damage to burials 67, 94, 130, 143, 159 animal husbandry 239, 272, 273 antiquarian interest 168 antler 202, 210, 237, 239, 271, 280, 315, 333 barrow 1 144, 145, 148 barrow 12 110 barrow 15 161 Grooved Ware pits 73, 76, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 94 intercutting pits/pit scatter 67, 89, 93 linear mortuary structure 26, 28, 31 oval barrow 18, 19, 20-1, 25, 28, 271, 278, 301, 311 pond barrow 4866 119, 121, 128, 272, 315 ring ditch 201 140, 141 ring ditch 611 35, 37, 40-2, 44, 128, 271, 311 ring ditch 801 52 antler objects see picks; points; spatulae; tines apple remains 270,271 charred 73, 244, 246, 249, 273 aquatic macrofossil analysis, Daisy Banks Fen 267 aquatic pollen, Daisy Banks Fen 261, 262, 263 Armorica 328 arrowheads 7, 220, 315, 319, 320 barbed and tanged 15, 93, 218, 220, 228, 318 barrow 2 152 barrow 4A 154, 156, 315, 318 barrow 15 161, 162, 315 Beaker 'flat' graves 58, 59, 60, 63, 65, 223, 315, 318, 327 intercutting pits / pit scatter 93,94 ring ditch 201 . 136, 138, 139, 140, 242, 242, 243, 223, 315, 318, 327 chisel 15 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 cremation 802 49,52 Grooved Ware pits 85, 94, 97, 214, 220 intercutting pits/pit scatter 88,89 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 55, 220 pond barrow 4866 119, 222, 127, 220, 315 ring ditch 801 48 leaf-shaped 20, 23, 25, 26, 224, 278, 315 oblique 109, 145, 147, 214, 220 transverse 67, 94, 109, 228, 319 art, passage grave 202,322 arthritis 124 pond barrow 4866 see also osteo-arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis 256,270 ash woodland 145, 187 Ashgrove, Fife xxiii, xxiv, 7 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford 234, 244, 274, 324, 325, 326 Ashville Trading Estate, Abingdon 3 Audlett Drive 17, 37, 44, 239 aurochs 110, 111, 272 barrow 12 322,326 Avebury, Wiltshire 296-7, 296 monument chronology 322 Avon-Severn valley 236,315 awls 188, 192 Beaker-associated

358 index

bone Grooved Ware pits 73, 74-6, 81-2, 83, 84, 85, 235, 319 ring ditch 201 140, 143, 235 bronze 48, 49, 50, 99, 102, 106, 193, 283, 285, 330 barrow 2 149, 150, 152, 155, 289 barrow 16 162, 163, 165, 193, 234 ring ditch 201 136-8, 242, 188, 192, 234 metal: classification 188 axes flint 212,217,234,313 Grooved Ware pits 94, 97 intercutting pits/pit scatter 88, 89 linear mortuary structure 5352 29, 31, 224 tranchet axe sharpening flake, ring ditch 611 17, 40, 44 metal 187 Seamer 278 socketed (metal) 8,327 stone 7, 35, 40, 42, 77, 83, 202, 212, 217 and Grooved Ware 228, 229-33, 319 Ayton East Field, Yorkshire 224 Barbrook, Derbyshire 326 Barclodiady Gawres 202 Barford, Warwickshire 277 barley 244,256,270,271 Barnack, Cambridgeshire 187, 282, 290, 293 barrows barrow cemetery 6, 8 early discoveries 1 early excavation 6 barrow 1 133, 141-8, 244, 246, 148, 168, 206, 246, 289, 318 barrow form 314 early excavation 5, 6 funerary complex development 303, 304, 305, 307, 309 grave pit 11 131, 141^, 145, 147-8, 247-8, 176, 277, 178, 235, 241, 244-5, 285, 328 radiocarbon chronology 141-3, 188, 235, 285, 290, 333 barrow 2 3, 148, 149-52, 250, 253, 155, 159, 167, 171, 175, 277, 178, 241, 289, 290, 315, 318 barrow form 314 cremation pit 5351 148, 149, 252, 176 early excavation 5, 7, 11, 211 funerary complex development 303, 304, 305 gold foil cones 149-52, 153, 183-6, 195, 289, 318, 328 reuse 325 barrow 3 3, 150, 151, 152-3, 171, 175, 187, 193, 283, 289, 293, 318 barrow form 314 early excavation 7 funerary complex development 303, 304, 305 radiocarbon chronology 153, 290, 333 barrow 4 3, 250, 252, 152, 153, 154-5, 255, 168, 171, 176, 177 barrow form 314 early excavation 11 funerary complex development 303, 304, 305 barrow 4A 1, 3, 153-4, 254, 155, 156, 168, 173, 275, 204, 206, 239, 284, 288 barrow form 314, 318 Beaker burial 153, 154, 156, 324 deposition 313,314,315,318,329 funerary complex development 305 gold basket earrings 254, 155, 183-6, 195, 318, 324, 327 metalworkas grave goods 315 radiocarbon chronology 154, 183, 288, 304, 330, 333 barrow 5 3, 250, 156-7,158, 167, 325 barrow form 314

359 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

funerary complex development 305 barrow 6 ,.3, 157,158 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 305 barrow 7 3, 156, 157-9, 158, 172, 177, 314 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 305 barrow 8 3,329 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 303, 305 barrow 9 3,329 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 303, 305 barrow 10 3,329 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 303, 305 barrow 11 3, 259, 167, 171, 176, 177 barrow form 314 funerary complex development T 305 knife-dagger xxiii leather, possible xxiii stakeholes 314 barrow 12 ... 19, 35, 37, 44, 52, 94, 97-111, 204-9, 222, 222-24, 168, 274,176, 277, 209, 241, 243, 272, 281, 288, 315 barrow form 314 cremations Biconical Urns 99, 102, 222 cremation 606 99, 101, 102,206-7 cremation 614 101, 102, 204, 176, 178, 241, 246, 314 deposition 313-14, 329 early excavation 5, 6 flint.. 19, 99, 102, 206, 109-10, 209, 222, 223, 224, 212, 213, 214, 227 funerary complex development 303, 305, 307 grave 604 101, 102, 204, 207, 173, 315 grave 605 99-101, 102, 103, 106-7, 110, 131, 171, 176, 283, 285, 318 grave 607 99, 101, 102, 206-7, 109, 171, 173, 283, 284, 318 magnetometer survey 11, 13 pit 609 101, 102,315 pit 615 101 pit 616 101 pit 617 101 pit 618 101 pit 619 101 pit 620 101 pit 621 101 pit 624 99, 101,314 pits and posthole structures 314 pottery '. 19, 223, 198, 206, 208, 210, 319 radiocarbon chronology 99, 101, 209, 285, 286, 288, 289-90, 290, 293, 333 ring ditch 601 17, 97, 99, 103, 109, 110-11, 239, 241, 246 spatial organisation 315 see also ring ditch 602 barrow 13 52, 101, 102, 111-15, 224, 116-18, 119, 168, 208, 209, 210, 288 barrow form 314 early excavation 5, 6 features 402-13 111-15 funerary complex development 305, 307 later Bronze Age burials 167 magnetometer survey 11 pits and posthole structures 115, 314 ring ditch 401 111,115 barrow 14 258, 159-60, 260, 171, 172, 277, 208, 209, 314, 315, 328, 329 barrow form 314

360 index

early excavation 3 funerary complex development 303, 305 stakeholes 314 barrow 15 1, 3, 160-2, 262, 168, 171, 175, 315, 318, 329 barrow form 314, 315 funerary complex development 305 pit 1 160-1, 162, 166, 175, 315, 318 pit 2 161,162,206 pottery 19, 196 radiocarbon chronology 161, 284, 285 barrow 16 1, 3, 159, 162-6, 163, 164, 171, 172, 176, 178, 314, 318, 328 axial cremations 162 barrow form 314 funerary complex development 303, 305, 307, 309 jet/shale bead necklace 162, 164, 165, 234, 328 later Bronze Age burials 167 later reuse 325 pit A 162, 165 pitB 162 pitC 162,164,315 pitD 162,165,315 pitE 162, 164, 165, 176, 193, 234, 315, 318, 328 pitF 162, 164 pitG 162,164-5, 166 pitH 163,165, 166 pitK 163,165, 166 pitM 163, 165 pottery 256,208,209,309 spatial organisation 315 barrow 17 3, 166, 171, 173, 275, 305, 318 barrow form 314 radiocarbon chronology .;. 166, 284, 285 see also bell barrows; bowl barrows; disc barrows; long barrows; oval barrow; round barrows; saucer barrows Barton Court Farm 266, 271 Anglo-Saxon period 5, 167 bone awls 235 cropmarks 3 excavations 1 flint 218 Iron Age finds 167 later Neolithic occupation 8 pit scatter 319 plant remains 256, 269, 271 prehistoric pottery 19, 320, 322 radiocarbon dating 280 Roman villa 5 Romano-British settlement 167 Basildon, Berkshire 234 Beacharra chambered cairn, Argyll 234 beads amber 186,234,328 ceramic, cremation 802 : 7, 48, 49, 50, 234, 315 copper 186, 187 covers (gold foil cones), barrow 2 149-52, 253, 183-6, 195, 289, 318, 328 gold-covered, Great Bircham, Norfolk 327 jet/shale bead necklace, barrow 16 162, 264, 165, 234, 328 shale 234 Beaker'flat' graves xxiii, 35, 171, 274, 277, 223, 239, 241, 327 'flat' grave 919 55-7, 57, 58, 59, 59, 173, 176, 202^, 236, 282, 303, 316, 318, 324, 327-8 copper rings 56, 57, 58, 186, 192, 193, 318, 324, 327 'flat' grave 950 55, 58-60, 62-3, 273, 175, 176, 204, 212, 282, 303, 315, 316, 318, 324

361 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

'flat' grave 4660 55, 60^, 64-5, 90, 172, 173, 187, 193, 204, 223, 235, 236, 284, 293, 318, 327 Foxley Farm, Eynsham 311 funerary complex development 303, 304 grave forms 314 metalwork as grave goods 315 radiocarbon dating 55-6, 58, 59, 60, 186, 193, 204, 236, 303, 318, 327 in regional context..... 324 social differentiation 316-18 West Heslerton, Yorkshire 326 Beaker graves xxiii, 183, 192, 223, 224, 235, 244, 245, 288, 289, 290, 297, 314, 323, 324-5 barrows 4/4A 153, 154, 156, 324 radiocarbon dating 282^,283,285, 324 Beaker period 8, 173, 186, 218, 239, 271, 320 Beaker-associated awls 188, 192 beech woodland 270 Beggar's Haven, Sussex 187 bell barrows 290, 293, 305, 314, 323, 325, 326 belt sliders 278 see also jet/shale belt slider Benson 320,322 Berinsfield 321 Berkshire Downs 212, 321, 324, 326 birch woodland, Daisy Banks Fen 260, 261, 262 bird bones barrow 12 110,239 mallard 99, 110, 111, 239, 272, 315 Grooved Ware pits 73, 74-6, 77, 82, 202, 235, 319 Blackbush, Dorset 206 blackthorn charcoal 178, 249 Grooved Ware pits 73, 82, 83 pond barrow 4583 53 ring ditch 611 37 blackthorn pollen 266 bladelet, Abingdon causewayed enclosure 17 blades, copper (of knives /daggers) 187 blades, flint 23, 212, 220, 222, 228, 326 barrow 12 19, 109, 110, 113 Beaker 'flat' graves 60, 63, 65 Grooved Ware pits 74, 86, 87 intercutting pits/pit scatter 89, 91, 93 pond barrow 4866 128 ring ditch 611 40 320 Blewbury 218 Boltby Scar, Yorkshire 183 bone, animal 236-41,238,271,272 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 271, 279, 338, 339 ageing 237, 241 barrow 1 147, 148,235 barrow 2 149 barrow 4A 156, 314, 318, 329 barrow 12 99, 110-11, 239, 314, 329 barrow 13 115 barrow 15 161 barrow 16 163 Beaker'flat' graves 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 236 cremation 951 59, 60 deposition 237,239,241,279,311-14 feature 5353 17 Grooved Ware pits 48, 71, 73, 74, 76-8, 78, 82-3, 84-5, 94, 228, 235, 239, 279, 319, 333 linear cremation cemetery 130, 131, 133 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 29, 31, 237

362 index

measurements 237, 240 oval barrow 19, 23, 25, 28, 237, 271 pit 2179 65 in pits 66, 67, 71-2, 73, 88, 89, 93, 94, 97 pits 910/912 34 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 241, 246, 273-4 pond barrow 4866 118, 119, 128, 168, 239, 272, 315 ring ditch 201 140, 141, 235 ring ditch 611 35, 36, 37, 40-4, 236, 237, 239, 271, 274, 309, 313 ring ditch 801 48,52 segmented ring ditch 45-6 Windmill Hill, Wiltshire 276 see also bird bones; fish bones; teeth, animal bone, human xxiv,284, 331 barrow 2 149 barrow 3 153 barrow 4 154-5 barrow 4A 154 barrow 5 156 barrow 12 101, 102,209 barrow 15 160-2 barrow 17 166 Beaker 'flat' graves 55-6, 58-9, 60, 327 Chilbolton, Hampshire 183 cremations 176 barrow 1 141, 143 barrow 2 149 barrow 7 157 barrow 11 159 barrow 16 162,163, 164-5 bone weights 179-80 cremation 951 59 cremation pit 802 48, 49 fragmentation and colour 176-8, 184-5 linear cremation cemetery 128, 129, 130-1 pyre technology 178-83, 181-5 early discoveries 1 'flat' graves 31-3 intercutting pits/pit scatter 88, 89, 92, 93 linear mortuary structure 28-9, 31, 276 methodology ... 171-2 oval barrow 19, 20, 25, 234, 278, 300, 311 patholgy 172-3 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 246 pond barrow 4866 115, 118-19, 121, 122-4 preservation/completeness 173-5 ring ditch 201 133-5, 136, 138, 140, 141 ring ditch 611 35-7 Windmill Hill, Wiltshire 276 see also antler; pathology; teeth, human bone objects beads 186 Grooved Ware pits 86 knife point 40 points 71,76,200 pommel 145 ring ditch 201 136 see also awls; disc; pins; spatulae; tweezers bowl barrows 293, 314, 323, 325 Bowthorpe, Norfolk 289 Boynton, Yorkshire 239 bracelet, bronze 324

363 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

Bradley, Richard 5 Bray, Berkshire 209 Brenig, north Wales 327 Brenig valley, Clwyd 330 brick and tile fragments 168 Broadmayne, Dorset 309 Bronze Age 15,149,220 background 7-8, 9 barrow 12 103, 110-11 and Wessex culture 234 Eight Acre Field 269,273 evidence from pits 73 hengiform ring ditch 611 99 pond barrow 4583 53 early 8, 35-148, 172, 173, 174-5, 186, 188, 224, 239, 241-3, 324 barrow 12 99 charred plant remains 244-6, 245 evidence from pits 67, 71, 94 flint 213-14 metalwork 186, 192-5, 194, 324, 327 oval barrow 21-3 pond barrow 4866 118-28 radiocarbon chronology 284-6, 293 ritual-funerary complex development 301-9, 302, 306, 318 vegetation change 272-3 middle metalwork 8, 327 vegetation change 273 middle/late 209-10 late 8, 167, 173, 176,239^1 calf burial: ring ditch 611 37, 42^, 237, 239, 274, 309 charred plant remains 246 regional context 325 ritual-funerary complex development 309, 320 vegetation 273-4 see also pottery bronze objects see awls; bracelet; daggers; knife-daggers; razor/knife buckthorn charcoal 247, 249, 271 Grooved Ware pits 73 Buscotarea 322 BuscotLock 271 Bush Barrow metalwork 188, 192 butchery .' 236, 237 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 Grooved Ware pit evidence 73, 76, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85 linear mortuary structure 5352 31 pond barrow 4866 128 possible, feature 5353 17 ring ditch 801 52 Cambridge, Duckworth Laboratory xxiii, xxiv carr vegetation 270 Cassington 202,228,276,324 bone awls .• 235 cemetery destruction 323 Collared Urn 311 'flat' grave cemetery 316, 318, 322 grave forms 314 prehistoric pottery 218, 228, 320 Tolley'sPit 198,200 cattle bones 48, 237, 239, 271, 272 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 271

364 index

ageing 237 barrow 1 148,235 barrow 4A 314, 318 barrow 12 110, 111 barrow 13 115 Beaker 'flat' graves 57, 58, 59, 63, 236 cremation 951 59, 60 feature 5353 17 Grooved Ware pits 73, 76, 77, 78, 82-3, 84, 333 linear mortuary structure 5352 31 oval barrow 28 pit 2179 65 in pits 67, 71, 72, 73, 89, 93, 97 pits 910/912 34 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 241, 273-4 pond barrow 4866 119, 128, 315 ring ditch 201 141 ring ditch 611 35,42,44,271,313 Late Bronze Age calf burial 37, 42^, 237, 239, 274, 309 ring ditch 801 52 segmented ring ditch 45-6 Cawdor, Nairn, awls 235 cereal pollen 258,270,272 Daisy Banks Fen 263, 266, 267 cereal remains 271, 274 charred 167, 244, 245, 246, 256 cereal-type pollen, Daisy Banks Fen <. 259, 260, 261, 262 cereals 270,271,273 cultivation 272, 274 ceremonial activity see funerary / ceremonial activity chalk, in Beakers 57 Chambers, Richard 5, 7 charcoal .....269,271,286 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 270, 278, 301, 338, 339 barrow 1 141,143,235 barrow 2 149 barrow 4 154 barrow 5 156 barrow 11 159 barrow 12 101,289 barrow 13 Ill barrow 14 159 barrow 15 161 barrow 16 162, 165 Beaker 'flat' graves 56, 59, 60 Beaker graves 285 cremation pit 802 48 Daisy Banks Fen 267 'flat' graves 31 from cremations 178 Grooved Ware pits 83 in pits 66,71,94 pond barrow 4866 119, 122 in radiocarbon dating 331-2, 333 segmented ring ditch 45, 246 treethrow hole 3430 67 treethrow hole 5353 241 see also wood charcoal Charterhouse Warren Farm Swallet, Somerset Ill, 239 Chilbolton, Hampshire metalwork 183, 187, 192, 193, 195, 327 pottery 236, 282

365 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

Chilterns, flint 212 chronology of depositional contexts and monuments 275-93 of monument complex 293-309 see also radiocarbon dating cist burial, Orbliston Junction, Moray 183 City Farm, Hanborough 239, 280, 313, 325 Clacton, Essex, prehistoric pottery 202 clay fired 49,74,82 climate change, Daisy Banks Fen 263, 266 coal fragments 168 coffin remains 253 barrow 2 149,315 barrow 4A 154, 156 barrow 12 99, 285, 289, 315 barrow 15 161, 315 Beaker'flat' graves 58, 59, 60, 63, 173, 315 'flat' graves 31 linear mortuary structure 28, 253 pond barrow 4866 119, 122, 128, 253, 272, 286, 315 Coneybury Henge, Wiltshire 76, 323 contour survey 11 Cook, Martin 168 copper beads 187 blades (of knives/daggers) 187 early Bronze Age metalwork 192-3, 195 as grave goods 315, 327, 333 knife 188 knife-daggers barrow 16 162, 163, 165, 188, 193, 234, 328 'flat' grave 4660 60, 63, 65, 188, 193 ornaments xxiii, 183, 186-7, 324 pins 186 rings, Beaker'flat' graves 56, 57, 58, 186, 192, 193, 318, 324, 327 see also awls Copper Age 186, 187, 188 copper alloy 176,195,315,323,327 barrow 1 144 barrow 14 160 see also awls; daggers; knives; pins copper-preserved horn dagger hilt , 155 copper/copper alloy, earrings 183, 324 cores, flint 14, 15, 49, 212, 213, 214, 217, 220 barrow 1 147 barrow 2 152 barrow 6 157 barrow 12 19, 109, 110, 113 barrow 13 115 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 Grooved Ware pits 74, 81, 83, 85, 88, 218 Levallois 14, 15,212,228 oval barrow 25-6, 34 pit 2179 65 in pits 67, 71, 73, 94 pond barrow 4583 55 ring ditch 201 139 ring ditch 611 38,40 segmented ring ditch 45 Corporation Farm, Abingdon 313, 320, 322, 325 CothillFen 270 Cotswolds 316, 321

366 index

Cowley Concrete Co., Northcourt, Abingdon 8 Cranborne Chase, Dorset 311 Crawford, O G S '. 1-3, 5, 6 Creeting St Mary, Suffolk, prehistoric pottery 202 cremation burials 7, 175-83, 177-8, 323 951 59,60,62 Beaker'flat' graves 56, 59 bone weights 179-80 pit 4662 88,94, 100-1 pyre technology 178-83, 181-5 pyres 314 radiocarbon chronology 284-6 recording 171-2 ring ditch 611 35-7 segmented ring ditch 45 see also barrows; linear cremation cemetery; pond barrow 4866; ring ditches cribra orbitalia 172, 173 barrow 3 153 linear cremation cemetery 131 pond barrow 4866 122 cropmarks 4, 8, 149, 297, 300, 321, 328 agricultural destruction 3, 168 barrow 1 141 barrow 14 159 barrow 15 160 Cassington cemetery 323 early discoveries 1, 3 linear cremation cemetery 128 magnetometer survey 11 oval 1-3,5,6,28 pond barrow 4583 52 pond barrow 4866 115 ring ditch 201 133 ring ditch 801 46 Roman period 167 threat to 3 Upper Thames gravels 277 Victorian tree circle 168 Crowmarsh, near Benson cursus 322 daggers 187-8, 193, 195, 285, 293, 318, 324, 330 bronze, barrow 3 251, 153, 187, 193, 283, 293 copper alloy 235 flint 324 middle Bronze Age 8 see also knife-daggers Daisy Banks Fen mineral magnetic results 264-5 Saxon settlement 167 sediment sequence 258, 259 vegetation change 249, 254-67, 261, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 Dalladies, Kincardineshire 276, 277 Davidstow Moor, Cornwall 327 deer red deer 237,239,271,315 barrow 12 110, 111 Beaker'flat' graves 63, 235 feature 5353 17 Grooved Ware pits 73, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85, 94, 236 linear mortuary structure 5352 31, 237 oval barrow 20-1, 28, 237, 271 in pits 67, 71, 89, 93

367 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

pond barrow 4583 55, 241 pond barrow 4866 119, 121, 128, 272, 315 ring ditch 201 141, 235 ring ditch 611 35, 37, 40-2, 44, 271 ring ditch 801 52 roe deer Beaker 'flat' graves 58, 60 in pits 72 pond barrow 4583 55, 241 ring ditch 201 140,235 segmented ring ditch 46 dendrochronology 286 Denmark, middle Neolithic finds 193 denticulates 65, 93 dentition see teeth deposition see funerary/ceremonial activity Devil's Quoits, Stanton Harcourt 234, 273, 323 diet, evidence of, 'flat' graves 33 disc, bone 56, 57, 57, 236 disc barrows 290, 292, 293, 305, 314, 323, 325, 326 dissolution of the monasteries 267 dog bones Grooved Ware pits 73, 77, 84, 85 pond barrow 4583 55, 241 pond barrow 4866 118, 168 dogs 76 Domesday census (1086) 267 Dorchester, Dorset 330 Dorchester-on-Thames 168, 188, 212, 228, 235 Beaker burials 316,324 monument chronology 277, 278, 280, 281, 288, 296-7, 296 prehistoric pottery 320 in regional context 321, 322 ritual complex 271 ritual complex development 298, 300 see also Mount Farm Dorset Handled Bowls 206 Down Farm, Dorset 44, 202, 237, 286, 288, 311 drainage, Daisy Banks Fen 255 Drayton 276, 316, 322 Drayton cursus 256, 271, 296-7, 322 Drayton long barrow 320 Drayton St Leonard 320 Dry Piece 3-5,35, 128 early Neolithic flintwork 19 excavation methods 6 Saxon settlement 167 Duckworth Laboratory, Cambridge xxiii, xxiv Durrington Down, Wiltshire 315 Durrington Walls, Wiltshire 323 animal bone 237, 239 deposition 313 prehistoric pottery 200,202, 210 eagle, white-tailed 73, 74-6, 82, 202, 235, 319 Earls Barton, Northamptonshire 286 earrings copper/copper alloy 183, 324 gold basket 254, 155, 183-6, 195, 318, 324, 327 East Kennet, Wiltshire 283 EastonDown, Hampshire 188 Eaton, Leicestershire 289-90

368 index

Edmondsham, Dorset 286 Egypt 328 Eight Acre Field 258,322 Bronze Age waterholes 269, 273, 274, 325 Iron Age 8, 167 elder pollen 266 elm woodland Daisy Banks Fen 256, 260, 261, 262, 263 elm decline 263,269-70,274 emmer 244, 256, 270, 271, 273, 274 Evesham soil series 256, 257 Eynsham 324 'flat' grave cemetery 316, 318 FoxleyFarm 311,314,323 fabricators, flint 156-7, 168, 220 feature 2 17 feature 3 17 feature 4 17 feature 5 17 feature 8 17 feature 9 17 feature 10 17 feature 12 17 feature 13 17 feature 14 17, 149 feature 15 17 feature 612 17, 35 feature 3283 17 feature 3422 17,64 feature 3423 64 feature 3424 .- 17, 64 feature 3425 17, 64 feature 3426 17, 64 feature 3430 17, 67, 67, 70, 72, 243, 273 feature 3812 73 feature 4663 93 feature 4665 93 feature 4667 93 feature 4704 93 feature 4757 93 feature 4758 93 feature 5353 7,16, 17, 241, 269 Fengate, Cambridgeshire 'flat' grave 276 multiple grave 316 prehistoric pottery 202 Fens, Flandrian peats in 76 field names 1 field systems 17, 149 fieldwalking 13, 14-15, 14, 15, 111, 224-8 Fimber, Yorkshire 326 Firtree Field, Down Farm, Woodcutts, Dorset 202 fish bones, pike, barrow 12 99, 110, 111, 239, 272, 315 fishponds 1 Daisy Banks Fen 254, 267, 269 Five Knolls, Bedfordshire 224 Flagstones, Dorchester, Dorset 330 flakes, flint 15, 17, 31, 49, 211-12, 213, 214, 220, 228 barrow 1 145 barrow 2 152 barrow 5 157

369 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

barrow 6 : 157 barrow 12 99, 206, 109, 110 barrow 13 115 barrow 15 162 barrow 16 164, 166 Beaker 'flat' graves 57, 60, 63, 65 'flat' graves 30, 31, 32, 33-4 Grooved Ware pits 74, 77, 83-4, 86, 87, 218 linear cremation cemetery 129,224 oval barrow 19, 25, 26, 34 pit 2179 65 in pits 67, 73, 88, 89, 93, 94, 97 pond barrow 4583 55 pond barrow 4866 118, 121, 121, 127, 128, 220 ring ditch 201 139, 140 ring ditch 611 37, 38, 40 segmented ring ditch 45 unretouched 15, 26, 63, 211, 215-16, 219, 221-3, 224 Flandrian peats, in Fens 76 'flat' graves 326,329 see also Beaker 'flat' graves; ring ditch 201 'flat' graves (5354-6) 19, 30, 31-4, 270, 171, 212, 214 grave 5354 30, 31, 33-4, 172, 173, 244, 275 grave 5355 31-3, 32, 34, 171, 172, 275 grave 5356 31, 32, 33^, 275 social differentiation 316 'flat' Neolithic and early Bronze Age burials 5 273 flax 8, 14-15, 210, 211-28, 224, 333 flint 244, 145-7, 247 barrow 1 149, 152, 211 barrow 2 154, 156, 257 barrow 4A 156-7, 257 barrow 5 257 barrow 6 barrow 12 see under barrow 12 224, 115,229 barrow 13 257, 161, 162 barrow 15 257, 163, 164, 166 barrow 16 218 Beaker 58, 59-60, 60, 63, 65, 212 Beaker 'flat' graves 81, 85-6, 212, 213, 227, 218, 224 Bullhead 24 burnt 211,225 composition 49 cremation pit 802 324 daggers 86 debitage, Grooved Ware pits 19 early Neolithic: Dry Piece 30, 31, 33-4, 212, 214 'flat' graves 223-4 as grave goods : 224 grey, barrow 12 Grooved Ware pits see under Grooved Ware pits 88, 89, 92, 93, 94 intercutting pits/pit scatter 129, 130 linear cremation cemetery 29, 31, 212, 214, 224 linear mortuary structure 5352 202 maceheads 17,214 Mesolithic 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 73, 76, 94, 97, 200-2, 212, 214 in misc. pits oval barrows see under oval barrow 65,200 pit 2179 53,55 pond barrow 4583 118-19, 121, 222, 122, 223, 224, 127-8, 286 pond barrow 4866 212 raw material

370 index

redeposition 212, 214, 220 retouched 15, 15, 49, 52, 86-7, 88; 213, 214 barrow 12 112 barrow 13 119 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 oval barrow 21, 23, 25, 26 in pits 94, 103 ring ditch 611 40 struck 1, 13, 15,15, 213, 226-7 barrow 1 147 barrow 12 209, 113 barrow 13 114 Beaker 'flat' graves 57, 60 Grooved ware pits 85-7, 87 linear cremation cemetery 133 oval barrow 23 pit 911 70 in pits 93, 100-2 pits 910/912 34 pond barrow 4866 224 ring ditches 35, 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, 52, 145 Sutton Courtenay 200 technology 212-14 Victorian tree circle 168 see also arrowheads; axes; bladelet; blades; cores; denticulates; fabricators; flakes; hammerstones; knives; microburins; microliths; piercers; ring ditches; scrapers Fordington, Dorset 330 Fordington Farm, Dorset 175, 178, 290 Fort Harrouard, Eure, France 236 Four Crosses, Powys 289, 293 fowl, domestic 77 Foxley Farm, Eynsham 311, 314, 323 Frampton, Dorset 290 funerary / ceremonial activity 8, 328 ancestor worship 171, 318 animal bone 237, 239, 241, 272, 279 awls 188 barrow 1 143 barrows 4/4A 156 Beaker burials 282-3, 284 Beaker 'flat' graves 56, 59 Beaker graves 290 charred plant remains 246 chronology 275 deposition 322 animal bone 237, 239, 241, 279, 311-14 flintwork 214, 218, 223 later Bronze Age burials 167 oval barrow 23-5 and prehistoric pottery 202 ring ditch 611 280 segmented ring ditch 45 Wessex-type rich grave traditions 284 Fussell's Lodge, Wiltshire 276 Gairneybank, Kinross-shire 188 Garton, Yorkshire 326 gazetteer 7 gender structure cremation burials 172, 175-6 female burials barrow 12 102, 176

371 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

cremation 802 49 'flat' graves 31, 33, 316 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 29, 276 and metal awls 192 oval barrow 20, 25, 234, 278 pond barrow 4866 121, 122, 124, 176 ring ditch 201 138 female cremations barrow 2 149, 175 barrow 12 314 barrow 14 159, 160 barrow 16 164, 176, 234, 315 and funerary complex development 304 and grave goods 223, 224 male burials barrow 3 153 barrow 4A 154, 315, 316, 318 barrow 5 156 barrow 12 99,315 barrow 15 160 barrow 17 166 'flat' graves 31-3, 275, 316 flint artefacts 223 and grave goods 318 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 29 oval barrow 20, 25, 26, 315 ring ditch 201 138, 318 male cremations barrow 1 235 barrow 11 159 methodology 172 geology 3, 325-6 Daisy Banks Fen 255, 256 geophysical survey 11-14, 168 Giants' Hills 1 long barrow, Lincolnshire 234 Glastonbury, Somerset, Iron Age 76 Glentrool metalwork hoard, Scotland 192 goats see sheep Godmanchester, Cambridgeshire, ceremonial complex 272 gold basket earrings, barrow 4A 154, 155, 183-6, 195, 318, 324, 327 covered beads, Great Bircham, Norfolk 327 foil cones, barrow 2 149-52, 153, 183-6, 195, 289, 318, 328 as grave goods 315, 323, 327 Goose Acre Farm, Mesolithic flintwork 17 Goring 276,320,322 Grape Cup 186 grass 178,245,266 grassland 245, 246, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 grave goods 223-4, 315, 318 gravel extraction 7, 8, 149, 168, 323 gravel quarrying 1, 3 Gravelly Guy 280, 323 antler objects 235, 236, 315 metalwork 188, 193,283 prehistoric pottery 320 vegetation change 266, 273 Great Bircham, Norfolk 327 Great Ouse, River, in Bedfordshire 325 Grendon, Northamptonshire 290 Greyhound Yard, Dorchester, Dorset 330 Grimes Graves, Norfolk 128, 210, 236

372 index

Grindale, Yorkshire 277 Gristhorpe, Yorkshire 187 Grooved Ware pits 26, 37, 48, 71, 72, 86, 237, 266 bone/antler objects 235, 236 see also specific objects charred plant remains 73, 77, 82, 83, 243, 246, 271, 319 flint 66, 73, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83-4, 83, 85-7, 85, 87, 88, 93, 94, 94, 97, 111, 212, 213, 214-18, 217, 241 form and function 319-20 funerary complex development 303 pig bones 71, 73, 74, 76-8, 78, 82, 82, 84, 239, 319 pit 913 78, 82, 83-5, 85, 87, 90, 200, 211, 222, 253 pit 917 77-8, 78, 82, 82, 83, 200, 228, 319 pit 2082 85, 86, 94, 97, 98, 200, 220 pit 2180 21, 64, 65-6, 68, 85, 200 pit 3196 7, 48, 52, 71, 71, 73-7, 74, 78, 79, 81-2, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87,198-200, 202, 212, 213, 220, 222, 239, 319, 322 pit 3197 48, 52, 73, 76 pit 3831 78, 82-3, 84, 87, 90, 200, 222, 247 radiocarbon chronology 73, 77, 200, 279-80, 293, 333 in regional context 322 wood charcoal 73, 82, 83, 253, 319 Halpin, Claire 5 279 Hamel, the, Oxford , 186,314 hammers, stone 86 hammerstones 73, 74, 81, 86 Hanborough, City Farm 239, 280, 313, 325 Handley Down, Dorset 234 Hatford-Kelmscott soil series 255, 257 hawthorn charcoal 48, 178, 249, 271 Grooved Ware pits 73, 82 hawthorn pollen 266, 272 hazel charcoal ...247, 271 Grooved Ware pits .....73,82,253 pond barrow 4583 53 hazel woodland 267,270,273 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 260, 261, 262, 266 hazelnut remains 256 hazelnut shells 66, 271, 322 charred 73,77,244,246 Hazleton, Gloucestershire, antler picks 128 Hazleton North, Gloucestershire 321 hedgerows 249, 271 Heinheim, Bavaria, Germany 243 Hemp Knoll, Avebury, Wiltshire 156, 314, 315 hengiform ring ditch see ring ditches (ring ditch 611) herb pollen 266 Hochdorf, Germany 243 Hodcott Down, Berkshire 188, 286 Holgate, Robin 8 horn, possible, barrow 12 102 horn dagger hilt, barrow 4 155 horn hilt, barrow 14 160 horn pommel, possible: barrow 1 144, 145, 148 horncores 82, 156 horse bones Beaker 'flat' graves 59, 63 cremation 951 59 Hunstanton, Norfolk, prehistoric pottery 202 hydrogeology, Daisy Banks Fen 255 infectious disease, evidence of, 'flat' graves 33

373 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1 inhumation burials early discoveries 1 Neolithic/Bronze Age 170, 173, 274-5, 176 Northcourt, Abingdon 8 recording 172 segmented ring ditch 45 see also barrows; 'flat' graves; linear mortuary structure 5352; oval barrow; pond barrows; ring ditches inhumation cemetery, Romano-British 3, 5, 11-13 Inkpen Hill, Berkshire 206,208 insects 263, 273 Ireland, early Bronze Age metalwork 192, 193 Iron Age 19, 77, 273, 274, 325, 327 Eight Acre Field 8, 167 Glastonbury 76 Vineyard, Abingdon 269 iron knife 149 Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire 223, 237, 288, 289, 330 Isle of Abbot soil series 256, 257 jet, belt slider 224, 278 jet/shale bead necklace, barrow 16 162, 264, 165, 234, 328 beads 186 belt slider, oval barrow 20, 23, 26, 234, 301, 326 distribution of 328

Kempston, Bedfordshire, Beaker pottery 204 Kennet, River 212, 326 Kennington, Mesolithic flintwork 17 Kimmeridge Clay 255,256,269 King Barrow Ridge, , Wiltshire 323, 326 King's Weir 273 knife-daggers 187-8, 315 barrow 11 xxiii bronze barrow 1 141, 143-5, 148, 188, 235, 285 barrow 3 153 barrow 4 252, 154, 255 copper barrow 16 162, 263, 165, 188, 193, 234, 328 'flat' grave 4660 60, 63, 65, 188, 193, 327 Knighton Heath, Dorset 289 knives 187-8 bone 40 copper 188 copper alloy 235 flint 19, 20, 214, 224, 278, 315 oval barrow 23, 25, 26, 213, 223, 224, 301 pit 2179 65 in pits 71 plano-convex, linear cremation cemetery 130, 133, 233, 176, 224 pond barrow 4866 118-19, 222, 127 iron, barrow 2 149 pig/boar tusk 37,44, 236 see also razor/knife Castle, Wiltshire, Neolithic 'flat' graves 276 Knowth, Co. Meath, Ireland, ovoid flint macehead 202 Lake District 40 Lambourn, Berkshire 282, 316, 318, 323, 324, 326 land snails see molluscs Lawford, Essex, prehistoric pottery 202

374 index leather, possible, barrow 11 xxiii leather remains barrow 1 145, 285 barrow 3 153 leather-working 140, 192,236 Lechlade, Gloucestershire 322 see also Roughground Farm Leeds, ET 1-3,5 Levallois cores 24, 15, 212, 228 Liff'sLow, Derbyshire 224 Limberg, Holland, 'bottle-shaped' Beakers 204 lime woodland 267,270,274 Daisy Banks Fen 260, 261, 262 Linch Hill, Stanton Harcourt 224,234,278,288,321 linear cremation cemetery 69, 128-33, 229, 233, 176, 177, 224, 318 cremation 1063 128, 129, 130, 131 cremation 1064 128, 129, 230, 131-2, 133 cremation 1067 128, 129, 130, 131 cremation 1101 128, 130, 131, 176 cremation 4245 130-1, 132-3, 233, 234, 171, 176 cremation 4321 130, 131, 232, 171 cremation 4405 130, 131, 233, 224, 315, 318 cremation 4623 130, 131, 232 cremation 4700 227, 128, 131, 171 funerary complex development 305 monument form 309-11 pit 1060 ; 128, 130 linear mortuary structure 5352 13, 19, 24, 26, 27, 28-31, 29, 170, 171, 241, 253, 266, 270, 318 animal bone 28, 29, 31, 237, 315 charred plant remains 244, 270 flint 29,31,212,214,224 grave structures 314 human bone L 28-9, 31 inhumation burial A 28, 29, 31, 172, 173, 237 inhumation burial B 28, 29-31, 172 inhumation burial C 28, 29 radiocarbon chronology 28, 29, 31, 276-7, 298-300, 301, 333 in regional context 320 social differentiation 316 Little Downham, Cambridgeshire 206 Little Pond Ground 282 Little Rollright 204 Lochhill, Morayshire 276 Loders, Lechlade, Gloucestershire, prehistoric pottery 198 long barrows 276, 277, 296, 309 possible 1-3 Long Crichel, Dorset 284, 290, 293 loomweight, Saxon 115 Lower Horton, Berkshire 321 Lower Radley, Beaker burial 8 'Macehead Complex' 224 maceheads, Knowth ovoid flint 202 Maddle Farm Project, scrapers xxiii magnetometer survey 2, 10, 11-14, 22 Maiden Castle, Dorset 279 Manor Farm, Borwick, Lancashire 187, 188, 286 Manor Farm, Horton, Berkshire 239, 277, 322 Manston, Kent 288 maple charcoal 178, 247, 249, 271 maple woodland, Daisy Banks Fen 256 Marden, Wiltshire

375 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

animal bone 239 prehistoric pottery 202 Marlborough Downs 326 Merton Borrow Pit 325 Mesolithic period 17-19, 214, 270 Daisy Banks Fen 256 environmental sequence 269 metalwork comparative radiocarbon dates 189-91 distribution in graves 315 early Bronze Age 192-5, 194, 324 early development 186-92 in France 186 from Thames 8 in regional/wider context 327 see also awls; axes; copper; copper alloy; daggers; gold; knife-daggers; knives; palstaves; rapier; razor/knife; sword microburins 17, 211 microliths Mesolithic 17 ring ditch 611 37, 40, 44 segmented ring ditch 45, 47 Miernow barrow, Kielce, Poland 236 Mildenhall, Suffolk 315 Millbarrow, Wiltshire 224 Milston, Wiltshire, daggers 145, 283 Mingies Ditch, lower Windrush floodplain 273 molluscs 7, 241-3, 242, 258, 269, 270, 271, 273 feature 5353 17 monasteries, dissolution of 267 Mount Farm, Dorchester-on-Thames 224, 274, 277, 278, 297, 320, 321, 325 Mount Pleasant, Dorset 202, 228, 239, 330 mouse bone 133 necklaces see beads neckrings 187 Nene valley 322 Neolithic period 7-8,9,237 barrow 12 99, 102 Beaker'flat' graves 58, 60 evidence from pits 55, 67 pond barrow 4583 5 regional context 320-2, 321 ring ditch 611 128 river gravels 272 early barrow 12 110 grave structures 314 pits 319 radiocarbon chronology 275-9, 297 ritual-funerary complex development 298-301, 299, 317 social differentiation 316 vegetational succession 269-70 early/middle 19-34, 214 middle 161, 170, 172, 173, 193 charred plant remains 243, 244 vegetational succession 270-1 see also 'flat' graves (5354-6) late 110, 172,214,220,237-9 barrow 12 99 charred plant remains 244 pit 942 89,92,93

376 index

in pits 71, 73, 94, 319-20 radiocarbon chronology 279-81, 293 vegetational change 271 late/early Bronze Age 35-148, 174-5 oval barrow 21-3 radiocarbon chronology 281-6 ritual-funerary complex development 301-9, 302 see also pottery Nethercourt Farm, Kent 276 Newbury, Berkshire 234 Newgrange, passage grave art 202 Newnham Murren, Wallingford 321 Normanton Down, Wiltshire 277, 309, 323, 326 north field 3,6,31 North Marden, Sussex 277 North Stoke 277, 288, 314, 316, 320, 323, 324 Northcourt, Abingdon, Cowley Concrete Co 8 Norton Bavant, Wiltshire 145 Norwich, Norfolk, Southern Bypass 326 oak charcoal 178, 183, 247, 271, 285, 288, 289, 322 barrow 12 99,285,289 cremation pit 802 48 in cremations 272 feature 5353 17 Grooved Ware pits 73, 82, 83, 253 linear mortuary structure 28, 253, 270 Mesolithic period 269 pond barrow 4583 53, 253, 273 ring ditch 611 37 segmented ring ditch 45, 168 oak woodland 267, 270, 273, 274 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 260, 261, 262 decline 270 Mesolithic period 269 Oakham, Leicestershire 289 oats 246 Offham Hill, Sussex 275 Orbliston Junction, Moray, cist burial 183 organic materials barrow 1 141, 143, 144-5, 147, 148 barrow 4 155 barrow 12 102 barrow 14 160 pond barrow 4866 121 ring ditch 201 138 ornaments 186-7, 324 see also beads; earrings; rings osteo-arthritis 29, 124, 172 osteophytes 172 barrow 2 149 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 'flat' grave evidence 33 linear mortuary structure 5352 31 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 122, 124 ring ditch 201 138 oval barrow 3, 5, 19-28, 20-2, 64, 66, 67, 69, 167, 270, 171, 266 animal bone 19, 23, 25, 28, 237, 271 burial 2127 25, 26, 172, 173, 224 burial 2128 25,26 deposition 279, 301, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 329

377 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

early excavation 6 flint 19, 20-1, 21, 23, 23, 25-6, 26, 34, 213, 214, 218, 220, 223, 224, 301 funerary complex development 19, 298, 300, 301, 303, 307, 309 human bone 19, 20, 25, 234, 278, 300 jet/shale belt slider 20, 23, 26, 234, 301, 326 magnetometer survey 11, 13 phases 18, 19-21 pit scatter 319 radiocarbon chronology 19, 20, 21, 28, 198, 234, 277-8, 279, 294-5, 298, 300, 331, 333 rectangular enclosure 19 in regional/wider context 321, 326, 327 social differentiation 316 see also pottery oval cropmark site 1-3, 5, 6, 28, 298 oxen 156 Oxford Ashmolean Museum xxiii, xxiv, 7 theHamel 186,314 University Parks 323 Oxford University Archaeological Society 3 Painsthorpe round barrow, Yorkshire 234 palstaves 8 Pangbourne 276,320,322 Paris basin, France, Beaker beads 186 passage grave art 202, 322 pathology 172-3 barrow 2 149 barrow 12 102 Beaker 'flat' graves 60 'flat' graves 33 linear mortuary structure 5352 29-31 oval barrow 25 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 122, 124 ring ditch 201 138 Peak District 321,326 Penzance, Cornwall 77 Peppard Common 212 periostitis, oval barrow human remains 25 petrology, prehistoric pottery -. 210-11 pheasant, possible 77 picks, antler 128,235,239 piercers, flint barrow 12 : 109, 110 pond barrow 4866 119, 223, 128 ring ditch 201 140 Pierowall Quarry, Orkney 322 pig bones 48,271, 272 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 271 ageing 237 barrow 12 110, 111 Beaker 'flat' graves 58, 60, 64 Grooved Ware pits 71, 73, 74, 76-8, 78, 82, 82, 84, 239, 319 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 31, 237 oval barrow 28 in pits 66, 67, 71, 72, 73, 93, 97 pits 910/12 34 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 241, 273^ pond barrow 4866 119 ring ditch 611 37, 42, 44, 44, 236 ring ditch 801 52

378 index

and ritual deposition 239 segmented ring ditch 46 Windmill Hill, Wiltshire 276 pine woodland, Daisy Banks Fen 260, 261, 262, 266 pins bone Beaker'flat' graves 26, 60, 63^, 65, 236, 327 Grooved Ware pits 83, 84, 85, 235 ring-headed, barrow 1 141, 145, 147-8, 148, 235, 285, 328 copper 186 copper alloy 133, 235 ring ditch 201 133 pits 66, 100-1, 103,319-20 intercutting/pit scatter 87-94, 90-2, 95-6, 173, 210, 218, 228, 279, 303, 320 pit 900, 67-71, 73 pit 901 67,69 pit 902 67 pit 903 67 pit 904 '. 67 pit 905 67 pit 907 11,67 pit 908 67 pit 910 19, 33, 34, 71, 214, 319 pit 911 70, 71-2, 76, 235, 241, 253, 303, 319 pit 912 19, 33, 34, 71, 319 pit 916 67,69 pit 918 17,89,93 pit 920 93 pit 921 93 pit 922 93 pit 923 93 pit 924 93 pit 925 89 pit 926 '. 89 pit 927 89,93,94 pit 928 88,89,94 pit 929 88,89 pit 930 88,89 pit 931 88, 89, 94, 210 pit 932 •. 88 pit 933 89,93,94 pit 935 89,93 pit 936 89,93 pit 937 89,93 pit 938 88 pit 939 88,89,94 pit 940 88,89,94 pit 941 88,89 pit 942 55, 87-8, 89, 92, 93, 94, 200-2, 171, 173, 274, 175, 212, 239, 279, 303, 314, 315, 318, 319 pit 943 93 pit 944 97,98 pit 945 97,98 pit 948 89 pit 949 89,93 pit 953 17, 88, 89, 94 pit 2124 6,72-3,76,220 pit 2142 ...45,246 pit 2144 19, 21, 23, 26, 198, 210, 214, 319 pit 2179 21, 64-5, 68, 200, 241 pit 2181 6, 21, 64, 66-7, 68 pit 3226 67,70,72 pit 3306 67,70,72

379 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

3421 23, 64, 66, 68, 246 3427 ;,:...:... 67, 69 3428 67,69 3431 67,70,72 4117 93 4125 97,98 4148 94,97,98 4149 94,97,98 4180 97,98 4640 93 4647 93 4648 .93,220 4649 93 4664 93 4717 93 4750 93 4759 93,94 4760 93 4761 93 4790 93 see also barrow 12; Grooved Ware pits plant macrofossil analysis 7 Daisy Banks Fen 258, 260, 260, 261, 262, 263, 266 plant materials, silica-rich 87 plant remains charred 48, 241, 243-7, 243-7, 253, 269, 273 Barton Court Farm 256 early Bronze Age 272 Grooved Ware pits 73, 77, 82, 83, 243, 246, 271, 319 linear mortuary structure 244, 270 Neolithic period 272 pit 911 319 ring ditch 201 136 cremations 178 see also cereal/cereals; vegetation; wood; woodland Plantation Quarry, Willington, Bedford 277 points antler 236 bone 71,76,200,235 pollen analysis 258, 269-70, 272, 273, 274 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 259-67, 262-3, 269, 270, 274 pommels bone 145 horn 144,145,148 pond barrows pond barrow 4583 35, 52-5, 53-5, 75, 171, 173, 220, 241, 243, 253, 288, 309, 325 later Bronze Age burials 167, 172, 173, 176, 246, 253, 273 magnetometer survey 11 pond barrow 4866 6, 52, 53, 115-28,120, 124, 167,174, 208, 239, 327 cremation burials 122, 176, 177 cremation 4979 118, 121, 124, 176 funerary complex development 303, 305 grave 4906 118, 121, 223, 124, 128, 171, 172, 173 grave 4968 118, 122, 124,126, 171, 315 grave 4969 118, 119-21, 122^, 123, 128, 172, 241, 249, 272, 286, 315 grave 4970 118, 122, 124, 126, 127, 171, 173, 283 grave 4975 118, 121, 124, 125, 316 grave 5004 118 grave 5191 118, 122, 124-7, 125, 316 grave 5274 118-19, 122, 127-8, 171, 172-3, 220, 244, 286, 315, 316 grave 5275 121 radiocarbon chronology 115, 119-21, 122, 220, 286-8, 288, 294, 303, 330, 333

380 index

reuse 325 social differentiation 316 spatial organisation ; 315 see also ring ditch 611 Pool, Orkney 198 post-ring henge 3, 5, 6 postholes 2119 19,23 2140 19,23 4594 88 4595 88 pottery objects 7, 48, 49, 50 see also beads pottery, prehistoric 195-211 Neolithic 19,21 early 196-8 barrow 12 198 oval barrow 25, 198 later 58 Neolithic Bowl, oval barrow 23 oval barrow 25 Plain Neolithic Bowl 320 Bronze Age early 208-9 ring ditch 611 37,44 barrow 12 103 oval barrow 25, 198 Abingdon Ware 8, 19, 223, 198 barrow 12 99, 103, 113, 319 barrow 15 162 oval barrow 19, 21, 21, 23 barrow 1 145 barrow 11 ..... 159 barrow 12 19, 99, 103,108, 109,112-13, 210 barrow 13 224, 115, 229, 210 barrow 15 : 19 barrow 16 256, 263, 165-6 Beakers 183, 186, 202-8, 228, 235, 239, 280, 288, 293, 314, 315, 316, 324 All-Over-Comb 183 All-Over-Cord :.... 204, 206 ring ditch 201 135, 138-9, 138, 139, 282 barrow 12 99, 109, 223, 198, 206 barrow 15 161,162,206 Beaker'flat' graves 56-7, 57, 58-9, 59, 63, 176, 202^, 316, 327 European 204,206,236,282,316 barrow 4A 252, 154, 156, 183, 206, 318 Beaker 'flat' graves 60, 63, 65, 318 Grooved Ware pits 74, 200 Late style 183 Northern style 192 oval barrow 21, 22, 23, 25, 198, 206, 301, 320 in pits 66-7, 68,97 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 220 radiocarbon dating 202^1, 206, 239, 281^, 282, 283 ring ditch 611 37, 38, 44, 206 segmented ring ditch 45, 206 Southern style . 192,206,220 ring ditch . 201 136, 139, 242, 282 unclassifiable 206 Wessex/Middle Rhine 8, 56, 57, 59, 204, 206, 282, 316, 327 Decorated Bowl 320 Deverel-Rimbury 209,243,325

381 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

barrow 11 : 167 barrow 13 . Ill, 224, 115, 119, 167, 209, 210 barrow 16 162-4, 167, 209, 309, 315 oval barrow 22,23,25, 167,209 in pits :: 67, 71 segmented ring ditch 45, 167 fabrics 195-6, 197, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207 FengateWare 198,322 barrow 12 103, 109,198 pit 910 -.' 32,34 Fengate/Ebbsfleet Ware, ring ditch 801 49, 198 flint- and grog-tempered 97, 210 Food Vessels 208-9, 210, 224, 235, 283, 284, 315, 325, 330 barrow 12 101, 103, 107, 110, 112, 208, 289, 293, 315 barrow 16 162, 263, 165, 208 Gairneybank, Kinross-shire 188 intercutting pits/pit scatter 93 pond barrow 4866 121, 122, 124-7, 225, 226, 208, 286, 315, 316 ring ditch 611 38 ring ditch 801 48, 49, 52, 208 Grooved Ware 48, 198-202, 210, 235, 241, 244, 256, 271, 297, 313, 319, 323, 333 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 301 Clacton substyle 202, 220 Durrington Walls substyle 200, 202, 220, 322 Grooved Ware bowl, ring ditch 611 35, 42 Grooved Ware pits 73, 74, 77, 79-80, 82, 83, 85-6, 85, 86, 94, 220, 279, 280, 319, 322 oval barrow 21 pit 2179 64-5 pits 65-6,68,86,320 pond barrow 4583 53, 55 radiocarbon dating 303 ring ditch 611 37,313 and stone axes 228, 229-33 Woodlands substyle 198, 200, 202, 220, 280, 320, 322 linear cremation cemetery 131-3 methods 195-6 Mortlake Ware 198,322 oval barrow 19, 21-3, 22, 22, 25 Peterborough Ware 198, 202, 224, 297, 322 in pits 67, 320 ring ditch 801 48, 52, 198 petrology 210-11 in pits 66, 89, 93, 94 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 124-7, 225-6 ring ditch 611 37-8, 38, 42-A, 209-10 ring ditch 801 48,52 sand-tempered 34 shell-tempered 31, 33, 210-11 see also Grooved Ware pits; urns pottery, Roman 67, 130 pottery, Romano-British, pond barrow 4866 118 pottery, Saxon 48, 67, 93, 94, 97, 167-8 barrow 13 115 linear cremation cemetery 130 oval barrow 23, 25 pond barrow 4866 118 segmented ring ditch 45 pottery, medieval 168 pottery, 19th century 168 Poundbury, Dorset, prehistoric pottery 202 Puddlehill, Bedfordshire 239

382 index

Pumney Farm, Mesolithic flintwork 17 Pyecombe, Sussex 288 pyres 314,318 technology 178-83, 181-5 quarrying 1 Queensford Mill 297 quern, lava 15 radiocarbon dating xxiii, xxiv, 210, 275, 276, 289, 291, 300-1, 304-5, 307-8, 311, 315, 329, 330^, 334-7 Abingdon causewayed enclosure 270, 278-9, 294, 301, 330, 333, 337-9 barrow 1 141-3, 188, 235, 285, 290, 333 barrow 3 153,290,333 barrow 4A 154, 183, 288, 304, 330, 333 barrow 12 99, 101, 209, 285, 286, 288, 289-90, 290, 293, 333 barrow 13 115, 167,314 barrow 15 161,284,285 barrow 17 166,284,285 Beaker burials 282^,283,235,324 Beaker 'flat' graves 55-6, 58, 59, 60, 186, 193, 204, 236, 303, 318, 327 Beakers 202^, 206, 239, 281^, 281, 283 Biconical Urns 209 Bronze Age cattle bones Ill chronology of monument complex 293-309 Collared Urns 209 cremation pit 802 48 Daisy Banks Fen 254, 258, 259, 260, 266, 267 Eight Acre Field 258,273 feature 5353 17 'flat' graves 31, 33,275 flintwork 214,227,234 Food Vessels 208 Grooved Ware pits 73, 77, 200, 279-80, 293, 303, 320, 333 of human bone 172 intercutting pits /pit scatter 89 linear cremation cemetery 128, 130, 131 linear mortuary structure 5352 28, 29, 31, 276-7, 298-300, 301, 333 measurement problems 331-2 Mesolithic period 214, 269 metalwork 183, 186, 187-8, 189-91, 192, 193, 195 Mount Farm, Dorchester 321 Neolithic woodland clearance 271 oval barrow 19, 20, 21, 28, 198, 234, 277-8, 279, 294-5, 298, 300, 331, 333 pits 319,322 pond barrow 4583 53, 167 pond barrow 4866 115, 119-21, 122, 220, 286-8, 288, 294, 303, 330, 333 regional contexts 321-2 representation of calibrated age ranges 332 ring ditch 201 135, 138, 173, 192, 282, 283, 284, 288, 289, 293, 303, 330, 333 ring ditch 611 35-7, 40, 42, 44, 239, 279, 280, 289, 295, 333 ring ditch 801 234, 285, 288, 289, 330, 333 round barrows 286-93, 292 segmented ring ditch 45, 168, 246 stone axes 228 Street House, Cleveland 277 vegetation change 266-7 Wessex graves 286, 287 Windmill Hill, Wiltshire 276 rapier, middle Bronze Age 8 Ratfyn, near Amesbury 323 Raunds, Northamptonshire 325, 326, 330 razor/knife, barrow 14 159-60, 160, 187

383 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

Reading Business Park 218 rectilinear enclosures 277, 300, 316, 319 see also oval barrow Rectory Farm, Yarnton 320, 322 red deer see deer Redlands Farm, Stanwick, Northamptonshire 183 reedbeds, Daisy Banks Fen 256 Reinecke graves, Central Europe 286 resistivity traverses 13 rheumatoid arthritis, pond barrow 4866 124 ridge and furrow cultivation 1, 168 Riggs, long barrow, Yorkshire 234 ring ditches 3 early excavations 5, 6 Lower Radley 8 ring ditch 201 133-41, 135-6, 145, 153, 173, 275, 206, 241, 281 central grave 203 ... 136-8, 139^0, 240, 242, 242-3, 171, 172, 173,188, 192, 223, 235, 236, 284, 303, 315, 318 early excavation 5, 6 'flat' grave 206 133-5, 136, 137-8, 138-9, 239, 204, 244, 284, 305, 314, 315, 318, 324 flint 135, 235, 136, 138, 139^0, 239, 242, 242-3, 245 funerary complex development 303, 305, 309 metalwork 315, 327 radiocarbon dating 135, 138, 173, 192, 282, 283, 284, 288, 289, 293, 303, 330, 333 in regional context 324 social differentiation 316 ring ditch 602 35, 97-9,101,109,110,153, 167, 227, 281, 284, 288, 304, 330 ring ditch 611... 11, 28, 35-44,36,37,41-2,44, 48,49, 52, 99,102,110,128,171,176, 277,228, 236, 271, 272,281,288 deposition 311-13,329 flint 35, 37, 38-40, 39^0, 41, 42, 44, 212 funerary complex development .....303 hengiform monument 35, 36 Late Bronze Age calf burial 37, 42-4, 237, 239, 274, 309 'pond barrow' 35-7, 40, 43 pottery 37-8, 38, 42-4, 206, 209-10 radiocarbon chronology 35-7, 40, 42, 44, 239, 279, 280, 289, 295, 333 in regional context 322, 323 ring ditch 801 6,15, 35, 46-8, 50-2, 55, 67, 70, 75,128,167,168, 176, 277,178, 234, 281 charred plant remains 246 cremation 802 7, 48-9, 50,176, 234, 315, 318 flint 48, 49, 52, 213, 217, 218, 220, 222 funerary complex development 303, 305 magnetometer survey 11 pottery 48,52,198,208 radiocarbon chronology 234, 285, 288, 289, 330, 333 see also barrow 12; barrow 13; segmented ring ditch rings, copper, Beaker 'flat' graves 56, 57, 58, 186, 192, 193, 318, 324, 327 Robin Hood's Ball, Wiltshire 214 Rockley Down, Wiltshire 244 roe deer see deer Rollright 244 Rollright Stones 228 Roman period 77, 167, 273, 314, 325, 327 cemetery 53 segmented ring ditch evidence 45 villa at Barton Court Farm 5 Romano-British inhumation cemetery 3, 5, 11-13 Romano-British settlement 167 Ross Island, Co. Kerry, metalwork 193 Roughground Farm, Lechlade, Gloucestershire 198, 235, 280, 320, 325 round barrows 276, 284, 297, 301-3, 304, 313-14, 321, 330, 332 radiocarbon chronology 286-93, 292, 298 of Yorkshire 326

384 index

Roundway, Wiltshire, copper ornaments 186 Rousham soil series 256, 257 rubber fragment 82 Runnymede 239, 272

St Osyth, Essex , 206 Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, barrow cemeteries 323, 326 saucer barrows 323, 325 Saxon period 77, 167-8, 220, 246, 314, 325, 327 barrow 2 149 barrow 5 156 barrow 12 99 barrow 13 Ill, 115 Barton Court Farm 5, 167 evidence from pits 67 intercutting pits/pit scatter 93 oval barrow 23, 206 pond barrow 4866 118 ring ditch 801 evidence 48 segmented ring ditch evidence 45 settlement 3, 5 see also pottery; sunken-featured buildings (SFBs) Schmorl's nodes 138, 149, 172 scrapers, flint 15, 49, 213, 214, 217, 223 barrow 2 152 barrow 6 157 barrow 12 109 barrow 13 115 barrow 15 162 barrow 16 163, 166 Grooved Ware pits 73, 74, 82, 84, 86-7, 93, 94, 217, 218 intercutting pits/pit scatter 88, 93, 94 Maddle Farm Project xxiii oval barrow 21, 25, 26, 34 pit 2179 : 65 in pits 67, 71, 73, 94, 97, 98, 220 pond barrow 4583 53, 55, 55 ring ditch 201 139, 140, 142 ring ditch 611 38,40 ring ditch 801 48, 52, 217 'thumbnail' 45,47,214,218,220 scrub woodland 249, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 266, 267 sedges 266, 270 segmented ring ditch 15, 19, 35, 44-6, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 73, 167, 168, 174, 177, 246, 279, 281, 313 early excavation 6 flint 45,47,218,220 funerary complex development 303, 307 magnetometer survey 11, 13 pottery 206 in regional context 322 Severn-Avon valley 322 Sewell, Bedfordshire, copper ornaments 186 sex structure see gender structure Shalbourne, Wiltshire 198 shale see beads sheep bones 44, 237, 271, 272 barrow 13 115 in pits 72 ring ditch 201 141 ring ditch 611 42 sheep/goat bones 237, 239, 271

385 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

barrow 1 148,235 barrow 12 110 Grooved Ware pits 73, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85 oval barrow 28 pit 2179 65 in pits 71,93,97 pond barrow 4583 55, 241 pond barrow 4866 128 ring ditch 201 140,235 ring ditch 611 42,44 ring ditch 801 52 segmented ring ditch 46 Shorncote, Gloucestershire 24, 325 Shrewton, Wiltshire 288, 290 shrub pollen 270, 273 shrubs 260,261,266,271 Sidling's Copse 2 63, 269, 270, 271, 273 silver 195 Simon's Ground, Dorset 289 Skara Brae, Orkney 200, 202 slate fragments 168 sloe 244,249,270,271,273 soils 269 Daisy Banks Fen 255-6, 257 Sonning cursus complex 320 Sorisdale, Coll 282 South Dorset Ridgeway 326 Sparsholt 234 SpartumFen 263,267 spatulae antler 235-6 Beaker 'flat' graves 60, 63, 65, 235 ring ditch 201 140, 141, 143, 235 antler/bone 192 spina bifida, barrow 12 evidence 102, 173 Spong Hill, Norfolk 171, 176-8 Sproxton, Leicestershire 290 Stadhampton 277, 278,320 Staines, Surrey 275 Standlake 323,325 Standlake Down, ring ditch cemetery 323 Stanton Harcourt 145, 193, 218, 234, 278, 325, 326 barrow form 314, 323 Beaker burials 316, 324 bone/antler artefacts 235, 315 cropmark site 277 Iron Age 273 vegetation change 266 Vicarage Field 175, 235, 280, 311, 320 Stanton Moor, Derbyshire 326, 327 Stanwick, Northamptonshire 183, 330 stone iron pyrites, ring ditch 201 136, 140, 243 'pot-boilers' 162 worked, Grooved Ware pits 82, 84 stone objects 202 see also axes; hammers Stone, Stephen 323 Stonehenge 297,323,326,330 stratigraphy, Daisy Banks Fen 258 Street House, Cleveland 276, 277, 314 sunken-featured buildings (SFBs) 3, 228, 278

386 index

SFB 8 94, 168 SFB 9 13, 20, 20, 23, 25 SFB14 11,48,168 SFB 17 11, 48, 167, 168, 220 SFB 18 11, 48, 167, 168, 220 SFB 23 Ill, 168 SFB 24 Ill, 168 SFB 26 11, 97, 101, 167, 168 SFB 28 87,88 SFB 29 87,88 SFB 41 87,93 Sutton Courtenay 8, 228, 316, 320, 324 monument chronology 296-7, 322 prehistoric pottery 200, 320, 322 Sutton series soils 269 Swine Sty, Derbyshire 326 sword 8 sycamore woodland, Daisy Banks Fen 256 teeth, animal cattle . 55, 59, 77, 78, 82-3, 89, 93, 141 horses 59 pigs 40, 60, 74, 76, 78, 82, 82 teeth, human age estimation 172 barrow 3 153 barrow 12 102 barrow 16 164-5 Beaker 'flat' graves 59 'flat' grave burials 33 intercutting pits/pit scatter 89 linear cremation cemetery 131 linear mortuary structure 5352 29-31 and pathology 173 pond barrow 4583 53 pond barrow 4866 122, 124 ring ditch 201 138 Temple Wood, Argyll 322 textiles, barrow 1 143, 144, 145, 148 Thame valley 320 Thames floodplain 1 Thames, River 8, 326 Thickthorn, Dorset 206 Thickthorn Down, Dorset 277 Thomas, Roger 14 Thrupp 17, 241, 269, 271, 288 Thrupp House Farm 8, 228 tile and brick fragments 168 TILIA/Tilia GRAPH 259 tin-bronze 188 tines, antler 67, 76, 82, 84, 85, 239 Grooved Ware pits 94, 236 intercutting pits/pit scatter 93 pond barrow 4866 128 ring ditch 201 141 Tolley's Pit, Cassington 198,200 trauma 172, 173 Beaker'flat' graves 60 pond barrow 4866 124 treethrow holes see features 2; 3; 8; 612; 3424; 3430; 5353 Trelystan barrows, Powys 290, 293 Trent valley 325

387 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

Tuckwell'spit 8 tweezers, bone 141, 145, 148, 235, 285, 328

Unetice culture 328 Upper Thames middle Neolithic period 161 early/middle Bronze Age 273, 324 later Bronze Age 325 Upper Thames gravels, cropmarks 277 , Wiltshire 186,234 urns Barrel 209 Biconical 99, 102, 209, 325, 328, 331 barrow 14 159, 260, 208, 315, 328 Bucket 209 possible, barrow 16 166 Collared 38, 186, 192, 208-9, 210, 224, 234, 235, 284, 297, 311, 324, 325, 331 barrow 16 162, 163, 165, 208, 209, 315 linear cremation cemetery 127, 128, 129, 130-1, 230, 131-3, 132, 234, 176, 311, 315, 318 Northcourt, Abingdon 8 ring ditch 201 136, 138 ring ditch 611 38 cremation 7, 224 ring ditch 611 35-7, 43 Globular 209 Val-de-Reuil, Eure, France 186 vegetation Mesolithic period 269 Neolithic period 272 early Neolithic 269-70 middle Neolithic 270-1 late Neolithic 271 early/middle Bronze Age 272-3 late Bronze Age 273-4 Daisy Banks Fen 254-67, 262 see also plant/plant remains; wood; woodland Vicarage Field, Stanton Harcourt 175, 235, 280, 311, 320 Victorian tree circle 168, 269, 200, 220 Wally Corner, Berinsfield 288 Waun-Fignen-Felen, south Wales 263 Wayland's Smithy 276,278,314 Welsh St Donats, Glamorgan 188 Werla bei Goslar, Lower Saxony 236 'Wessex Culture' xxiii, 186, 188, 234, 235, 324, 326, 328 Wessex grave assemblages 282, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290, 318, 324, 325 Wessex-type rich grave funerary traditions 284 West Ashby, Lincolnshire 290 West Cotton, Raunds, Northamptonshire 325, 326, 330 West Hagbourne 196 West Heslerton, Yorkshire 326 West Kennet chambered cairn, Wiltshire 236 Wetwang Slack, Yorkshire 326 whale ivory 145 wheat 167, 244, 246, 256, 270, 271, 274 Whitby, Yorkshire 328 Whitegrounds, Burythorpe, Yorkshire 234, 278 Whitehawk, Sussex 275 Wick Hall Drive 5, 6, 11, 13 Wig, The, Wiltshire 282 Willow Garth, Yorkshire 267

388 index willow woodland 256, 260, 262, 266, 270 Wilsford, Wiltshire 186, 193, 234, 235, 285, 288, 290, 326 Winchester, Hampshire 204 Windmill Hill, Wiltshire 275, 276, 277, 300, 316 Winterbourne Came, Dorset 285 Winterbourne Steepleton, Dorset 288 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads, Wiltshire 309, 323, 326 Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire 192, 234, 285, 290 Winwick, Cheshire 290 wood beads 186 bier/coffin, barrow 2 149, 318 bier/tray, barrow 12 318 carbonized, barrow 15 161 coffin, Beaker 'flat' graves 59 in pyres 178-83 wood charcoal 247-53, 248, 249, 250-3, 254, 255, 272, 319 Daisy Banks Fen 256 see also alder; blackthorn; buckthorn; hawthorn; hazel; maple; oak wood remains awl handle 138 barrow 1 144 barrow 2 149 burnt, barrow 7 157 carbonized, barrow 17 166 of coffins 154,286 Woodhenge, Wiltshire 168,202,323 woodland 241,243,249,258 clearance 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278 Daisy Banks Fen 263, 266 ring ditch 611 37 segmented ring ditch 168 feature 5353 17,241 regeneration ..270, 271,273,274 use in pyres 178, 183 and vegetation change Mesolithic 269 Neolithic 272 early Neolithic 269-70 middle Neolithic 270-1 late Neolithic 271 early Bronze Age 272-3 Daisy Banks Fen 256, 260-7 Victorian tree circle 168, 269, 200, 220 see also scrub woodland and individual woodland taxa Wor Barrow, Dorset 277 wormian bones 173 barrow 12 102 cremation 802 49 'flat' grave evidence 33 pond barrow 4866 122, 124 Worton Rectory Farm, Yarnton 320, 322 Wyke Down, Dorset 228, 313 Wyndyke Furlong, Abingdon 324 Yarnton 8, 187, 280, 320, 322, 324 Yorkshire Wolds 321,326

Zurich Mozartstrasse, Switzerland 186

389 Barrow Hills, Radley, Volume 1

390