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Home , Agile antechinus, Asian badger, Dorcopsulus, Grampians National Park, Sulawesi palm civet, Swamp wallaby

INDEX

Note: bold page numbers refer to illustrations. automatic camera trap data organisation, storage and analysis 283–90 abundance estimation 5–6, 268, 307, 308, 314 red 292 bait or no bait debate 209–10 spotted-tailed 271, 276 bandicoots 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 25, 194, 196, 211 using the random encounter model 317–22 see also specific types, e.g. southern brown Accipiter fasciatus 165 bandicoot Acrobates pygmaeus 239 Bandipur Reserve, Karntaka, Inda 168 agile 17, 237, 238 bare-nosed , diurnal activity 35–42, 143 camera orientation and detection 233, 236 Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Central American detection by camera type 117 agouti density estimation 164, 318–22 agile 167 baseline inventory 20–1 Ailurus fulgens 88 Bassian thrush 13, 16, 18, 19, 22, 26 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) 16, 47, 114, 126, Bennett’s wallaby 254 274, 293 Bhutan 87–8 Alces alces 49 wildlife camera trapping 87, 88–95, 148 Allen and Engeman index 193, 194, 196, 197, 198 Bhutan Biological Corridors Complex 148 , Vic., spotted-tailed small 151 survey protocol 271–7 biodiversity monitoring American 234 45–52, 144 amphibians 6 Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru 53–60, movement speed, REM 319–20 144, 145 Antechinus 14 Torricelli Mountain Range, PNG 69–76 A. agilis 16, 114, 233, 236, 237, 238 birds 6, 13, 18, 19 A. spp. 125, 162, 163, 303 see also specific types, e.g. brown goshawk A. stuartii 301 black agouti 57 A. swainsonii 16, 114, 254, 301 black rat 19, 196, 208, 254 applied management 6–7 detection by camera type 117 arboreal/scansorial mammals population size estimation, Port Jackson, camera trap detection 233–40, 238 NSW 307–14 camera trap orientation 233, 235–7 blue duiker 167 glide poles and rope canopy-bridges usage blue sheep 88 monitoring 158–9, 245–51 Bluetooth 106, 107 Asian 48 Bos Asian elephant 88 B. gaurus 168 Asiatic golden 87, 88, 91 B. grunniens 91 colour morphs 90, 150 Brazilian tapir 457 Australasian Wildlife Management Society, First broad scale area surveys, National Park, International Camera Trapping Colloquium in Vic. 161, 293 Wildlife Management and Research 349–51 broad-toothed rat 19 Australian Privacy Principles (AAPs) 334 bronze ground-dove 74 Austria, camera traps and privacy 332, 339 301 automated species identification 6, 299–304 brown 49

357 358 INDEX

brown goshawk 165 camera trap imagery, computer-assisted brush-tailed , detection by camera identification of small Australian type 116, 117 mammals 299–304 brush-tailed rock , population estimates camera trap market survey 102 using time-lapse photography 61–7, 146 camera trap monitoring brushtail possums 118, 128, 194, 196, 237, 238, 254, biodiversity, Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, 257 Peru 53–60, 144, 145 BuckEye Cam camera 106, 107 infectious disease in Tasmanian devils 7, 27–33 Budorcas taxicolor 87, 8 8 mallefowls, WA Wheatbelt 77–85 Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Mongolian biodiversity 45–52, 144 Indonesia 268–9 standards 354 Bundjalung National Park, NSW, comparison Victorian national parks 13–26 between camera traps and sand plots, free ranging camera trap placement, REM 318–19 monitoring 189–200 camera trap research registry 353 bush rats 208, 237, 238 camera trap surveys detection by camera type 117 comparison with live trapping of mammals, identification by texture patterns 299–304 Tasmania 253–60 Bushnell Trophy Cam cameras 79, 147 density estimation using random encounter Bwindi Impenetrable , Uganda 267 model 317–22 diurnal terrestrial reptiles 225–31 camera orientation during field placement 206–9 effectiveness, population estimates for arboreal species 233, 235–7 nondescript species 173–8 vertical versus horizontal orientation 157, 207, faunal biodiversity, Torricelli Mountain Range, 222, 228–9, 233, 235–7 PNG 69–76 Camera Overhead Augmented Temperature (COAT) occupancy changes, Grampians National Park, protocol, reptile surveys 156, 225–31 Vic. 291–7 augmenting the thermal environment in the Leadbeater’s possum 233–40 field 227–8 species, Bhutan 87–95, 148 effectiveness 229–30 Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru 54–5, potential problems 230–1 144 testing the COAT protocol in the field 228–9 protocol to detect the rare spotted-tailed camera sensitivity, REM 320 quoll 271–7 camera trap applications to detect effects of population arboreal mammal detection 233–40 management 325–30 bare-nosed wombat behaviour study 35–42, 143 trap effectiveness comparison, brush-tailed rock wallaby estimates 61–7, 146 ground-mammals 123–8 foraging behaviour of mycophagous camera trap types mammals 154, 215–23 addressing major differences between types and poison bait uptake by invasive predators and non- models 354 target species 131–8 choice of camera to use 116–19 small mammal population size contrasts between traps 115 estimation 307–14 effectiveness comparison, ground-dwelling temporal patterns in use, swamp mammal surveys 123–8 wallaby 181–7 impact on capacity to detect mammals 111, 115 wildlife ecology, review 3–9 probability of detecting different size classes of camera trap data, methodology for automatic Australian mammals 111–19 organisation, storage and analysis 283–90, 353 see also specific brands/models, e.g. Reconyx camera trap housing 106 cameras INDEX 359

camera trap users CAPTURE2 software 55 invasion of an individual’s privacy 336–40 Carrai National Park, NSW, computer-assisted survey on detection of people during wildlife identification of small Australian surveys 335–6 mammals 299–304 camera trapping Casuarius bennetti 74 as education 7–8, 8 Catling and Burt index 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198 factors underpinning contemporary 351–3 Central American agouti 164 future 353 density estimation using random encounter hazards, Bhutan 92–3 model 318–22 for mythical 88–9 Central Highlands, Vic., Leadbeater’s possum need for standard national camera trapping survey 233–40 protocol 94–5, 353, 354 Central Surinam Nature Reserve, Surinam 268 and privacy law in Australia 331–45 Central , mammal size, camera trap type small mammals and Buddhism, Bhutan 93–4 probability of detection 112–19, 151 time-efficiency compared to live trapping 253, Cephalophus harveyi 254 254, 255, 256, 260–1 Cervus elaphus 49, 153 camera trapping methodology 205–12 chimpanzees 172 bait or no bait debate 209–10 ‘chu-drey’ (mythical animal) 8 camera orientation during field placement 157, CITES-listed endangered species, Sumatra 268–9 206–9, 222, 228–9, 233, 235–7 citizen science 7–8 length of time cameras should be left at a malleefowl monitoring, WA Wheatbelt 77–86, site 210–12 147 mounting bracket to protect camera against Clethrionomys gapperi 218 rain 243 clouded 91, 254 standardised reporting of methods 354 common 254, 257 camera traps detection by camera type 118 comparison with live trapping of mammals, rope canopy-bridge use 247, 249 Tasmania 253–61 197, 237, 238 comparison with sand plots 135–6, 189–200 rope canopy-bridge use 247 constraints where small species are the target 107 detection by camera type 118 data gathering from 4 diurnal activity 35–42, 143 performance issues 41–2, 137–8, 176–7, 222–3, community engagement, fauna survey, Torricelli 250–1 Mountain Range, PNG 70–1, 74, 75 specifications 102–6 Compton Road land-bridge, Brisbane 158, 246, 247, surprise discoveries through 21–2, 74 248, 250 training in use 21, 82, 84 cameras positioned above sheet-metal collars ultimate, review 101–8 160 and unintentional filming 331–2, 335–6 computer-assisted identification of small Australian use with complementary methods 22 mammals in camera trap imagery 299–304 lupus 49, 332 conservation and the community, Torricelli C. l. 190 Mountain Range, PNG 75–6 C. l. familiaris 190 Bushland Reserve, Vic., Capra hircus 132 study 181–7 Capreolus pygargus 49 cryptic arboreal , camera trap Capricornis thar 88 surveys 233–40 capture-mark-recapture camera technique 254, 308 Cuddeback Capture camera 79, 103, 147 use with reptiles 229–30 currawongs 134 360 INDEX

Dasyprocta Elephus maximus 88 D. fuliginosa 57 E. m. sumatranus 268 D. punctata 164, 318–22 eMammal of the Smithsonian Institution 269 dasyurids 14 emus 133, 134, 135, 136 Dasyurus Eradicat 1080 baits, target and non-target species D. albopunctatus 72 uptake, South Australia 131–8 D. maculatus 20, 153, 165, 172, 209, 271–7 Eurasian 49, 332 data analysis (automatic camera data) 288 European brown hares 196 data creation (automatic camera data) 287–8 experimental design, getting it right 21 data gathering, streamlining by camera traps 4, 354 data retrieval and labelling (automatic camera FaunaFocus cameras 247 data) 284–5 faunal biodiversity, Torriceli Mountain Range, data storage (automatic camera data) 286–7 PNG 69–76 De Hoge Veluwe National Park, The fawn-footed melomys 301 Netherlands 170 239 Dendrolagus catus 19, 131–8, 170, 194, 254, 258, 326–8 D. inustus finschi 75 feral 19, 170, 194, 254 D. pulcherrimus 69 poison bait uptake, South Australia 131–8 D. scottae 69, 71–2, 73, 75 trapping program, effectiveness DeskTEAM software 263, 266, 267 measurement 326–8 devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), monitoring feral goats 132, 134, 136 progression of 7, 27–33, 32 feral pigs 49, 197 camera trap sites, Tasmania 143 consuming bait 169 confirmed locations, Tasmania 142 trapping program, effectiveness Dicerorhinus sumatrensis 268 measurement 326–8 DigitalEye cameras 133, 207, 273, 301 Finsch’s tree 75 disease monitoring, Tasmanian devils 7, 27–33 flying squirrels 94, 151 DISTANCE software 55–6, 57 focused area surveys, Grampians National Park, diurnal activity Vic. 161, 292–3 bare-nosed wombat 35–42, 143 foraging behaviour of mycophagous mammals 154, terrestrial reptiles, COAT protocol use 156, 215–23 225–31 foxes 171, 190, 197 sp. 71, 74, 75 baiting effectiveness duikers 167, 254 central NSW 326–8 13, 14, 19, 116, 117, 132 Great Otway National Park, Vic. 14, 15–20, 22, dusky antechinus 17, 254, 301 24–6 detection by camera type 117 detection by camera type 118 dwarf cassowary 74 occupancy changes detection, Grampians National Park, Vic. 291–7 eastern barred bandicoot 154, 218–19 occupancy rates compared to prey species 13, 14, eastern grey 194 16–18, 20 echidna 19, 125, 152, 195 poison bait uptake, South Australia 131–8 ectomycorrhizal fungi 215 free ranging educational use of camera trapping technology marking territory 166 7–8, 8 monitoring/capturing, comparison of camera ejector sites, visitations by invasive predators and traps with sand plots 189–200 non-target species 131–8 Fundy National Park, New Brunswick, Canada, Elaphomyces sp. nov. 216 truffle recovery by mammals 154, 215–23 INDEX 361

Gallicolumba beccarii 74 Hastings River mouse, identification by texture generalised linear mixed effects model patterns 299–304 (GLMM) 326–9 Healthy Bushland camera trapping Geographical Positioning System (GPS) 106 workshop 79–80 Germany, camera traps and privacy 332 heath mouse 292 Gippsland, Vic., mammal size, camera trap type Himalayan black bear 88 probability of detection 112–19, 151 Himalayan goral 88 Glaucomys sabrinus 216 Himalayan serow 88 glide poles house mouse 19, 196, 254 with cameras 159 hunters, use of camera traps 8, 101, 102 land-bridges with, Brisbane 158 Hydromys chrysogaster 196 monitoring usage by Australian gliding mammals 245–51 illegal activities captured by camera traps 336 with ropes 158 image clarity 103 showing pole height and inter-pole distances 159 image data storage 103–4 goannas 194, 196 infrared cameras 88, 102, 212, 237, 239, 249 golden langur 88 detection reliability 309 golden-mantled tree kangaroo 69 infrared LED cameras 103 Gorilla beringei beringei 267 Isoodon Grampians National Park, Vic. I. macrourus 166, 194 camera trapping versus live trapping 254, 261 I. obesulus 125, 207, 208, 254, 258 detection of changes in occupancy, foxes 161, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species-listed 291–7 mammalian species detected at WPI study sites in Great Otway National Park, Vic. 14 Mongolia 48 fox baiting effectiveness study 14, 15–20, 22, 24–6 greater gliders 239, 251 jacky dragons 229, 230 greater melampitta 73, 74, 75 8, 54, 57, 145 grey 49 90 grey-headed flying squirrel 151 Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan 90, 149 Groote Eylandt, 167 Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, ground birds 6, 13, 18, 19 Bhutan 89–90, 94 see also Bassian thrush; greater melampitta; Lewin’s rail; malleefowl kangaroos 133, 134, 135, 136, 194 ground-dwelling mammals see also tree kangaroos camera trap type effectiveness, surveys 123–8 Korup National Park, Cameroon 167, 172 inventory, Victorian national parks 13–17, 19–21 kriging 17 Group Special Mobile (GSM) 106 Kunzea leptospermoides canopy cover, and swamp guar 168 wallaby occurrence 181–7 Gulo gulo 4 Gymnobelideus leadbeateri, camera trap land-bridges surveys 233–40, 238 camera placements on poles 160 with glide poles, Brisbane 158 habitat use, temporal patterns, swamp monitoring usage by Australian gliding wallaby 181–7 mammals 245–51 Hamilton Road land-bridge, Brisbane 158, 159, landholder engagement in camera trapping 77–85 246–8, 250 large mammals Harpyopsis novaeguineae 72, 74, 74 camera trap type effectiveness, for surveying Harvey’s duiker 254 ground-dwelling mammals 123–8 362 INDEX

camera trap type probability of detecting Myangan Ugalzat National Park, Mongolia 50 Australian mammals 111–19 truffle foraging behaviour, Canada and Leadbeater’s possum, camera trap surveys 233–40, Australia 154, 215–23 238 91 Leaf River cameras 79 carnivores LED illumination 103 detection, camera trap survey protocol, spotted- Leipoa ocellata 132, 168 tailed quoll 271–7 monitoring, WA Wheatbelt 77–85 Tasmanian devil facial tumour disease length of time cameras should be left at a monitoring 7, 27–33, 32, 142, 143 site 210–12 Martes cats 91, 254 M. americana 234 leopards 88, 91, 177 M. flavigula 151 camera trapping, Bhutan 89–90 M. spp. 94 pardalis 54 M. zibellina 49 Lepus Mastacomys fuscus 19 L. capensis 196 medium mammals L. timidus 47 camera trap type effectiveness, for surveying Lewin’s rail 13, 19, 21 ground-dwelling mammals 123–8 line transects 53, 54, 55–6 camera trap type probability of detecting live trapping of mammals, comparison with camera Australian mammals 111–19 traps, Tasmanian coastal and Melampitta gigantea 73, 74, 75 heathland 253–60 leucurus 49 long-nosed bandicoot 13, 17, 25, 125, 208, 211 Melomys cervinipes 301, 303 long-nosed 14, 19, 25, 125, 154, 207, 208, 219, Menura novaehollandiae 171 220, 221, 253–4, 256–9, 261, 293 mice see specific types, e.g. house mouse lure choice, fox baiting 15–16, 18, 20 minimum known-to-be-alive (MKA) estimates, Lynx lynx 49, 332 brush-tailed rock wallaby 61, 63–4, 146 MMS (Multimedia Messaging Services) 106, 107 M-44 ejectors, uptake by invasive predators and non- moles 94 target species, South Australia 131–8 Mongolian biodiversity monitoring, using Wildlife Macrogalidia musschenbroekii 4 Picture Index 45–52, 144 monitoring M. agilis 167 of animal communities at local, regional and M. giganteus 194 international scales 7 M. rufogriseus 194, 254, 257 for inventory and management effectiveness, M. spp. 125 Victorian national parks 13–22 malleefowl 132, 133, 168, 169 moose 49 monitoring, WA Wheatbelt 77–86, 147 Mornington Peninsula National Park, Vic. 14–15, mammal size 142 camera trap type effectiveness, for surveying mammal inventory 14, 15, 16, 17, 19–21 ground-dwelling mammals 123–8 Moschus moschiferus 49 camera trap type probability of detecting mouflon 170 Australian mammals 111–19 Moultrie® cameras 133, 326 mammals mountain brushtail possum 237, 238 Bhutan 87–95 mountain gorilla 267 Mornington Peninsula National Park, Vic. 14–15, mountain hare 47 16, 17, 19–20 mountain 141 INDEX 363

mounting bracket to protect cameras against Mongolian mammals 48–51 rain 243 red foxes 13, 14, 16–18, 20, 291–7 mule deer 141 single-season-multi-method occupancy Mus musculus 19, 196, 254, 257, 258, 308 model 256 musk deer 49 spotted-tailed quolls 271–7 Mustela for surveying ground-dwelling mammals 123, M. kathiah 151 128 M. sibirica 151 Tasmanian devils 32 M. spp. 94 8, 54, 57 Myangan Ugalzat National Park, Mongolia 46, 48, Ochotona spp. 94 50, 51 Odocoileus hemionus 141 mycophagous mammals, foraging behaviour 154, opossums 57 215–23 optical surveillance device use, and privacy 333–5, MyRenamer software 288–9 337–9, 340 mythical animals, early camera trapping for 88–9 optimal deployment lengths for camera traps 210–12 Naemorhedus goral 88 Oryctolagus cuniculus 132 national camera trapping protocol, Otocolobus manul 87, 90 standardisation 94–5, 353, 354 Otway Ranges, Vic. 124, 126, 127, 152 national parks Ovis orientalis 170 fox baiting effectiveness 14, 15–19, 20 Oxley Wild Rivers National Park 191 ground-dwelling mammals inventory 13–17, brush-tailed rock wallaby estimates 61–7, 146 19–21 pacas 57 N. diardi 254 Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru, biodiversity N. nebulosa 91 monitoring 53–60, 144, 145 Nesolagus timminsi 4 painted button-quail 19 Nestor notabilis 7 pale winged trumpeter 57 New Guinea harpy eagle 72, 74, 74 Pallas’s cat 87, 90 New Guinea quoll 72 Pan troglodytes 172 New Zealand kea 6–7 nondescript species, reliability of population P. marmorata 91 estimates, camera trap surveys 173–8 P. onca 8, 54, 57, 145 northern brown bandicoot 166, 194 P. pardus 88 northern flying squirrel 216, 218 P. tigris 4, 54, 87, 88, 149 P. tigris sumatrae 268 occupancy 4, 5, 6, 7, 64, 181–2 P. uncia 87, 88, 90–1, 91 definition 113 temminckii 87, 88, 150 occupancy matrices for program Parks Victoria PRESENCE 289–90 Policy on the Use of Surveillance Cameras for occupancy models 190, 198, 254, 266, 268, 327, 329 Wildlife and Compliance Monitoring 332 arboreal mammals 233–40 Signs of Healthy Parks Ecological Monitoring bandicoots and 16, 18 Program 14, 21 based on WPI 46, 47–8 participatory learning 80, 82, 83–4 Bassian thrushes 13, 16, 18, 19 Perameles for detecting different size classes of Australian P. gunnii 219, 254, 257 mammals 113–18 P. nasuta 17, 125, 194, 208, 211 364 INDEX

personal information, collection of 334–5 occupancy matrices 289–90 pest animal population management program presence-absence studies, swamp wallaby 181–7 effectiveness, through analysis of camera trap bengalensis 91, 254 surveys 325–30 privacy laws in Australia Petaurista caniceps 151 and invasion of privacy by camera trap Petauroides volans 239, 251 users 336–40 norfolcensis 245, 246, 248, 249 relevance to camera trapping 331–5, 341–5 Peter Murrell Reserves, Tasmania Pseudechis porphyriacus 229, 230 comparison of camera trapping and life trapping Pseudocheirus peregrinus 197, 2 37, 238, 247, 257 of mammals 253–60 Pseudomys truffle recovery by mammals 154, 215–23 P. fumeus 292 Petrogale penicillata, population estimates 61–7, 146 P. oralis 162, 163, 163, 299–304 Phascogale tapoatafa 114, 116 P. shortridgei 292 Philantomba monticola 166 Psophia leucoptera 57 photo intervals 102–3 Psuedois nayaur 88 photo resolution 103 Picture Information Extractor (PIE) software 47 P. concolor 141 pikas 94 P. yagouaroundi 90 PIR camera traps 54, 102, 107, 215 PIR triggered cameras 226 , population estimates, camera trap with COAT protocol 225, 226, 227–31 surveys 173–8, 176 misconceptions and limitations 226 quolls 20, 32, 72 temperature difference requirements 227 PixController cameras 16, 28, 88–9, 106, 107, 273, 275, rabbits 132, 133 276, 301 Rallus pectoralis 19 comparison studies 112–13, 115–19 random encounter model (REM) 5, 6 /Mornington Peninsula National Park for density estimation using camera trap see Mornington Peninsula National Park surveys 317–22 poison baits rarefaction curves, Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, effectiveness against foxes, baiting effectiveness, Peru 56, 57, 59, 145 Great Otway National Park, Vic. 14, 15–20, 22, Rattus 24–6 R. fuscipes 114, 162, 163, 208, 237, 238, 299–304 uptake by invasive predators and non-target R. lutreolus 253, 254, 257, 258, 301, 303 species, South Australia 131–8 R. rattus 19, 114, 196, 208, 254, 258, 307–14 population estimates Ratufa bicolor 94 brush-tailed rock wallabies, using time-lapse Reconyx cameras 71, 103, 106–7, 131, 133, 137, 152, photography 61–7, 146 174, 191–3, 222–3, 227, 235, 247, 250, 326 quokkas, camera trap surveys 173–8 comparison studies 112–13, 115–19, 123–8 small mammals, from camera traps 307–14 detection zone bands 156, 228 population management effects, demonstration via mounted with different orientations 157, camera trap survey analysis 325–30 228–9 potoroos 14, 16, 18, 25 mounting bracket to protect cameras against long-nosed see long-nosed potoroo rain 243 Potorous tridactylus 14, 125, 207, 208, 219, 253–4, red-backed voles 154, 218, 220, 221–2 256–9, 261, 292 red-bellied black snake 229, 230 predator control, poison bait uptake, semi-arid South red brocket deer 57 Australia 131–8 red deer 49, 153 PRESENCE software 47, 63, 255, 256, 293 14, 19, 131–8, 171, 190, 291–7, 326 INDEX 365

red necked wallabies 194 camera trap type probability of detecting 88, 94 Australian mammals 111–19 red squirrels 57, 154, 218, 220, 221 camera trapping, Bhutan 93–4 remote communication for data access 106 computer-assisted identification, camera trap ReNamer, usage 285–6 imagery 299–304 reptile surveys 6 identification via texture patches 299–304 Camera Overhead Augmented Temperature population size estimation from camera (COAT) protocol 156, 225–31 traps 307–14 capture-mark-recapture surveys with studies of 5–6 cameras 229–30 Sminthopsis PIR triggered cameras 226–7 S. leucopus 14, 114, 116 thermal images 155 S. psammophila 132 traditional methods 225–6 smokey mouse 292 roe deer 49 SMS (Short Message Service) 106, 107 rope canopy bridges, monitoring usage by Australian snow leopards 87, 88, 91 gliding mammals 158, 160, 245–51 grouping behaviour 90–1 Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan, felid Snowy River National Park, Vic., spotted-tailed quoll species 91–2 survey protocol 271–7 Rusa unicolor 92 Sorex spp. 217 southern brown bandicoot 25, 125, 207, 208, 254 47 southern tamandua 57 Sachse family, citizen science malleefowl monitoring, species accumulation curves 268 WA Wheatbelt 77–86, 147 Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru 55, 57, 59, Saguaro National Park, Arizona 7–8 145 wildlife 141 species richness 4, 5, 6 sambar deer 92 camera type comparison, ground-dwelling sand plots 131, 132, 133, 134, 138 mammal survey 123, 124, 126, 127 comparison with camera traps 135–6, 189–200 Mornington Peninsula National Park, Vic. 17, sandhill 132 19–21 harrisii 7, 27– 3 3 Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, Peru 54, 55, 59 Scott’s tree kangaroo see spotlighting 239 ScoutGuard® cameras 16, 35–6, 41–2, 106–7, 133–4, spotted-tailed quolls 20, 32, 153, 165, 172, 209 136, 222–3, 247, 250, 256, 292, 307, 309 camera trap survey protocol to detect 271–7 comparison studies 112–13, 115–19, 123–8 spreadsheet camera trap data 289 Scrub Road glide poles, Brisbane 159, 246–7, 248, Spypoint® cameras 106, 107 249, 250 squirrel gliders, usage of rope-canopy bridges and Setonix brachyurus, population estimates 173–8 glide poles, Brisbane 245–51, 248 short-beaked echidna 19, 125, 152, 195, 257 squirrels 93, 94 shrews 93, 94, 217 see also flying squirrels; red squirrels Siberian 151 standard national camera trapping protocol 94–5, Signs of Healthy Parks Ecological Monitoring 353, 354 Program (Parks Victoria) 14, 21 streamlining of software for photo and data single-season-multi-method occupancy model 256 management 354 skinks 229, 230 striped rabbit 4 sleepy lizards 134 palm 4 small mammals Sumatran elephant 268 camera trap type effectiveness, for surveying Sumatran rhinoceros 268 ground-dwelling mammals 123–8 Sumatran 268 366 INDEX

Sunda clouded leopards 254 tigers 4, 54, 87, 88, 91, 94, 168 superb lyrebird 171 camera trapping, Bhutan 89–90, 149 surprise discoveries through camera traps 21–2, 74 dragging a killed guar 168 surveillance device use, and privacy 333–5, 337–9, high-altitude, Bhutan 89, 149 340 Tiliqua rugosa 134 Sus scrofa 49, 197, 326–8 time-efficiency of camera trapping compared to live swamp rats 253, 254, 301 trapping, mammals 253, 254, 255, 256, 260–1 swamp wallabies 17, 125, 152, 194 time-lapse photography detection by camera type 118 rock-wallaby population estimates 61–6, 67 temporal patterns in habitat use 181–7 suitability for estimating population size 66–7 Switzerland, camera trap ban 332, 339 tinamou 57 Sydney Harbour National Park, NSW, camera trap Torricelli Mountain Range, PNG, fauna estimates of black rat population size 307–14 survey 69–76 Trachpithecus geei 88 Tachyglossus aculeatus 19, 125, 152, 195, 257 TrailMac cameras 273, 274, 275, 276 Taeniopygia guttata 165 training in use of camera traps 21, 82, 84 takins 87, 88, 90, 94 tree kangaroos 69, 71–2, 73, 75 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 218 tree squirrels 94 Tamiops mcclellandii 94 Tregellasia leucops 72 Tapirus terrestris 57 Trichosurus Tasmanian devils, devil facial tumour disease T. cunninghamii 237, 238 progression monitoring 7, 27–33, 32 T. spp. 128 camera trap sites 143 T. vulpecula 194, 197, 247, 248, 257, 258 confirmed locations 142 Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Tasmanian 254 (TEAM) network see TEAM programs; TEAM TEAM camera trap arrays 265 protocols TEAM protocols 7, 47 tropical principles 265–6 biodiversity, camera trapping and line transect to monitor terrestrial vertebrate communities in effectiveness, Peru 53–60 tropical forests 263–9 terrestrial mammal community monitoring using TEAM survey data, open source 266–7 TEAM 263–9 TEAM surveys 167, 172 truffle-foraging behaviour, by mycophagous ‘Camera Trap Federation’ 269 mammals 154, 215–23 examples of results 267–9 Turnix varia 19 locations of 264 tenkile 69, 71–2, 73, 75 ultimate camera trap, specifications 102–6 Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA) 69, 70, 75, 76 ungulate occupancy estimates, Mongolia studies 49 terrestrial mammal communities, monitoring using unintentional filming with camera traps 331–2, TEAM, tropical forests 263–9 335–6 terrestrial reptile surveys, diurnal studies, COAT protocol 156, 225–31 U. arctos 47 texture patches U. spp. 332 Pseudomys oralis 163 U. thibetanus 88 to identify small Australian mammals 299–304 three-dimensional scatterplot, grouped according to Varanus spp. 194 species 163 video mode feature 103 Thrumshingla National Park, Bhutan 87, 89, 90, 149 Volcan Barva, Costa Rica 268 Thylogale billardierii 254, 257 Vombatus ursinus 35–42 INDEX 367

Vulpes 14, 19, 131–8, 171, 190, 291–7, 326–8 wild boar 49, 169 wild dogs see free-ranging dogs Wallabia bicolor 17, 114, 125, 142, 194 Wildlife Picture Index (WPI) 7, 263, 268 temporal patterns in habitat use 181–7 to monitor Mongolian biodiversity 45–52, 144 Wangchuck Centennial Park, Bhutan 90–1, 94 4 water rats 196 332 94, 151 , diurnal activity 35–42, 143 weimang 69, 72 white-faced robin 72 yak 91 white-flash cameras 102, 107 yellow-bellied weasel 151 white-footed dunnart 13, 14, 19 yellow-throated marten 151 detection by camera type 116, 117 ‘yeti’ (mythical animal) 89 white LED technology 103, 107 wifi communication 106, 107 zebra finch 165 Wilcoxon matched pairs test 326, 327 Zoothera lunulata 16