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Warlords in the International Order: a Neorealist Approach
Warlords in the International Order: A Neorealist Approach Anthony John Vinci The London School of Economics and Political Science This thesis is submitted towards the attainment of the degree of PhD in International Relations. 1 UMI Number: U615517 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615517 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TABLE OF CONTENTS • Abstract, 4 • Preface ,5 • List of Acronyms 6 Part I: Introduction and Definitions 1.) Introduction .9 • Warlords • Approaches to Analysis • Theoretical Approach • Argument Outline • Testing the Validity of the Approach: Case Studies • Note on Methodology 2.) Definition and Conceptualization of Warlord.................................49 • Context • Contemporary Definitions • Conceptualizing Warlords and Warlord Organizations • Comparisons with other Actors Part II; Theory 3.) Warlords and Neorealism...................................................... 109 • Groups • Motivations • Anarchy 4.) Warlord International Relations.....................................................167 • Overview of Neorealism • Internal Power Cultivation • Alliances • Security Dilemma • War 2 Part III: Case Studies 5.) Case Study: Somali Warlords..........................................................217 • History and Context • Somali Armed Groups • Warlords and the UN Intervention • Ethiopia, the SNF, and A1 Ittihad 6.) Case Study: The Lord’s Resistance Army.................................... -
Icons, Culture and Collective Identity of Postwar Hong Kong
Intercultural Communication Studies XXII: 1 (2013) R. MAK & C. CHAN Icons, Culture and Collective Identity of Postwar Hong Kong Ricardo K. S. MAK & Catherine S. CHAN Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China Abstract: Icons, which take the form of images, artifacts, landmarks, or fictional figures, represent mounds of meaning stuck in the collective unconsciousness of different communities. Icons are shortcuts to values, identity or feelings that their users collectively share and treasure. Through the concrete identification and analysis of icons of post-war Hong Kong, this paper attempts to highlight not only Hong Kong people’s changing collective needs and mental or material hunger, but also their continuous search for identity. Keywords: Icons, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Chinese, 1997, values, identity, lifestyle, business, popular culture, fusion, hybridity, colonialism, economic takeoff, consumerism, show business 1. Introduction: Telling Hong Kong’s Story through Icons It seems easy to tell the story of post-war Hong Kong. If merely delineating the sky-high synopsis of the city, the ups and downs, high highs and low lows are at once evidently remarkable: a collective struggle for survival in the post-war years, tremendous social instability in the 1960s, industrial take-off in the 1970s, a growth in economic confidence and cultural arrogance in the 1980s and a rich cultural upheaval in search of locality before the handover. The early 21st century might as well sum up the development of Hong Kong, whose history is long yet surprisingly short- propelled by capitalism, gnawing away at globalization and living off its elastic schizophrenia. -
The Status of Cantonese in the Education Policy of Hong Kong Kwai Sang Lee and Wai Mun Leung*
Lee and Leung Multilingual Education 2012, 2:2 http://www.multilingual-education.com/2/1/2 RESEARCH Open Access The status of Cantonese in the education policy of Hong Kong Kwai Sang Lee and Wai Mun Leung* * Correspondence: waimun@ied. Abstract edu.hk Department of Chinese, The Hong After the handover of Hong Kong to China, a first-ever policy of “bi-literacy and Kong Institute of Education, Hong tri-lingualism” was put forward by the Special Administrative Region Government. Kong Under the trilingual policy, Cantonese, the most dominant local language, equally shares the official status with Putonghua and English only in name but not in spirit, as neither the promotion nor the funding approaches on Cantonese match its legal status. This paper reviews the status of Cantonese in Hong Kong under this policy with respect to the levels of government, education and curriculum, considers the consequences of neglecting Cantonese in the school curriculum, and discusses the importance of large-scale surveys for language policymaking. Keywords: the status of Cantonese, “bi-literacy and tri-lingualism” policy, language survey, Cantonese language education Background The adjustment of the language policy is a common phenomenon in post-colonial societies. It always results in raising the status of the regional vernacular, but the lan- guage of the ex-colonist still maintains a very strong influence on certain domains. Taking Singapore as an example, English became the dominant language in the work- place and families, and the local dialects were suppressed. It led to the degrading of both English and Chinese proficiency levels according to scholars’ evaluation (Goh 2009a, b). -
Hong Kong 20 Ans / 20 Films Rétrospective 20 Septembre - 11 Octobre
HONG KONG 20 ANS / 20 FILMS RÉTROSPECTIVE 20 SEPTEMBRE - 11 OCTOBRE À L’OCCASION DU 20e ANNIVERSAIRE DE LA RÉTROCESSION DE HONG KONG À LA CHINE CO-PRÉSENTÉ AVEC CREATE HONG KONG 36Infernal affairs CREATIVE VISIONS : HONG KONG CINEMA, 1997 – 2017 20 ANS DE CINÉMA À HONG KONG Avec la Cinémathèque, nous avons conçu une programmation destinée à célé- brer deux décennies de cinéma hongkongais. La période a connu un rétablis- sement économique et la consécration de plusieurs cinéastes dont la carrière est née durant les années 1990, sans compter la naissance d’une nouvelle génération d’auteurs. PERSISTANCE DE LA NOUVELLE VAGUE Notre sélection rend hommage à la créativité persistante des cinéastes de Hong Kong et au mariage improbable de deux tendances complémentaires : l’ambitieuse Nouvelle Vague artistique et le film d’action des années 1980. Bien qu’elle soit exclue de notre sélection, il est utile d’insister sur le fait que la production chinoise 20 ANS / FILMS KONG, HONG de cinéastes et de vedettes originaires de Hong Kong, tels que Jackie Chan, Donnie Yen, Stephen Chow et Tsui Hark, continue à caracoler en tête du box-office chinois. Les deux films Journey to the West avec Stephen Chow (le deuxième réalisé par Tsui Hark) et La Sirène (avec Stephen Chow également) ont connu un immense succès en République Populaire. Ils n’auraient pas été possibles sans l’œuvre antérieure de leurs auteurs, sans la souplesse formelle qui caractérise le cinéma de Hong Kong. L’histoire et l’avenir de l’industrie hongkongaise se lit clairement dans la carrière d’un pionnier de la Nouvelle Vague, Tsui Hark, qui a rodé son savoir-faire en matière d’effets spéciaux d’arts martiaux dans ses premières productions télévisuelles et cinématographiques à Hong Kong durant les années 70 et 80. -
Johnnie to Kei-Fung's
JOHNNIE TO KEI-FUNG’S PTU Michael Ingham Hong Kong University Press The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong www.hkupress.org © 2009 Michael Ingham ISBN 978-962-209-919-7 All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound by Pre-Press Ltd. in Hong Kong, China Contents Series Preface vii Acknowledgements xi 1 Introducing the Film; Introducing Johnnie — 1 ‘One of Our Own’ 2 ‘Into the Perilous Night’ — Police and Gangsters 35 in the Hong Kong Mean Streets 3 ‘Expect the Unexpected’ — PTU’s Narrative and Aesthetics 65 4 The Coda: What’s the Story? — Morning Glory! 107 Notes 127 Appendix 131 Credits 143 Bibliography 147 ●1 Introducing the Film; Introducing Johnnie — ‘One of Our Own’ ‘It is not enough to think about Hong Kong cinema simply in terms of a tight commercial space occasionally opened up by individual talent, on the model of auteurs in Hollywood. The situation is both more interesting and more complicated.’ — Ackbar Abbas, Hong Kong Culture and the Politics of Disappearance ‘Yet many of Hong Kong’s most accomplished fi lms were made in the years after the 1993 downturn. Directors had become more sophisticated, and perhaps fi nancial desperation freed them to experiment … The golden age is over; like most local cinemas, Hong Kong’s will probably consist of a small annual output and a handful of fi lms of artistic interest. -
Eclipse Phase: After the Fall
AFTER THE FALL In a world of transhuman survival and horror, technology allows the re-shaping of bodies and minds, but also creates opportunities for oppression and puts the capa- AFTER THE FALL bility for mass destruction in the hands of everyone. Other threats lurk in the devastated habitats of the Fall, dangers both familiar and alien. Featuring: Madeline Ashby Rob Boyle Davidson Cole Nathaniel Dean Jack Graham Georgina Kamsika SURVIVAL &SURVIVAL HORROR Ken Liu OF ANTHOLOGY THE Karin Lowachee TRANSHUMAN Kim May Steven Mohan, Jr. Andrew Penn Romine F. Wesley Schneider Tiffany Trent Fran Wilde ECLIPSE PHASE 21950 Advance THE ANTHOLOGY OF TRANSHUMAN Reading SURVIVAL & HORROR Copy Eclipse Phase created by Posthuman Studios EDITED BY JAYM GATES Eclipse Phase is a trademark of Posthuman Studios LLC. Some content licensed under a Creative Commons License (BY-NC-SA); Some Rights Reserved. © 2016 AFTER THE FALL In a world of transhuman survival and horror, technology allows the re-shaping of bodies and minds, but also creates opportunities for oppression and puts the capa- AFTER THE FALL bility for mass destruction in the hands of everyone. Other threats lurk in the devastated habitats of the Fall, dangers both familiar and alien. Featuring: Madeline Ashby Rob Boyle Davidson Cole Nathaniel Dean Jack Graham Georgina Kamsika SURVIVAL &SURVIVAL HORROR Ken Liu OF ANTHOLOGY THE Karin Lowachee TRANSHUMAN Kim May Steven Mohan, Jr. Andrew Penn Romine F. Wesley Schneider Tiffany Trent Fran Wilde ECLIPSE PHASE 21950 THE ANTHOLOGY OF TRANSHUMAN SURVIVAL & HORROR Eclipse Phase created by Posthuman Studios EDITED BY JAYM GATES Eclipse Phase is a trademark of Posthuman Studios LLC. -
The Departed Talent: Matt Damon, Leonardo Dicaprio, Jack Nicholson
The Departed Talent: Matt Damon, Leonardo DiCaprio, Jack Nicholson, Mark Wahlberg, Alec Baldwin, Vera Farmiga, Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone. Date of review: Thursday the 12th of October, 2006. Director: Martin Scorsese Classification: MA (15+) Duration: 152 minutes We rate it: Five stars. For any serious cinemagoer or lover of film as an art form, the arrival of a new film by Martin Scorsese is a reason to get very excited indeed. Scorsese has long been regarded as one of the greatest of America’s filmmakers; since the mid-1980s he has been regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers in the world, period. With landmark works like Taxi Driver (1976), Raging Bull (1980), Goodfellas (1990) and Bringing Out the Dead (1999) to his credit, Scorsese is a director for whom any actor will go the distance, and the casts the director manages to assemble for his every project are extraordinarily impressive. As a visualist Scorsese is a force to be reckoned with, and his soundtracks regularly become known as classic creations; his regular collaborators, including editor Thelma Schoonmaker and cinematographer Michael Ballhaus are the best in their respective fields. Paraphrasing all of this, one could justifiably describe Martin Scorsese as one of the most important and interesting directors on the face of the planet. The Departed, Scorsese’s newest film, is on one level a remake of a very successful Hong Kong action thriller from 2002 called Infernal Affairs. That film, written by Felix Chong and directed by Andrew Lau, set the box office on fire in Hong Kong and became a cult hit around the world. -
The Studies of HKIFF: an Overview of a Burgeoning Field of Its Establishment in the Current Years
The studies of Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF) : Title an overview of a burgeoning field of its establishment in the current years Author(s) Law, Pik-yu Law, P. E.. (2015). The studies of Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF) : an overview of a burgeoning field of its Citation establishment in the current years. (Thesis). University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. Issued Date 2015 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/223429 The author retains all proprietary rights, (such as patent rights) and the right to use in future works.; This work is licensed under Rights a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The Studies of HKIFF: An Overview of a Burgeoning Field of its establishment in the current years The University of Hong Kong Department of Sociology Assignment / Essay Cover Sheet1 Programme Title: Master of Social Sciences in Media, Culture and Creative Cities – MSocSc(MCCC) Title of Course: SOCI8030 Capstone Project Course Code: SOCI8030 Title of Assignment / Essay: The Studies of Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF): An overview of a Burgeoning Field of its establishment in the current years Student Name: LAW, Pik Yu Eugenia Student Number: 2013932305 Year of Study: Year 2 Date of Resubmission2: Plagiarism Plagiarism is the presentation of work which has been copied in whole or in part from another person’s work, or from any other source such as the Internet, published books or periodicals without due acknowledgement given in the text. Where there are reasonable grounds for believing that cheating has occurred, the action that may be taken when plagiarism is detected is for the staff member not to mark the item of work and to report or refer the matter to the Department. -
Bullet in the Head
JOHN WOO’S Bullet in the Head Tony Williams Hong Kong University Press The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong www.hkupress.org © Tony Williams 2009 ISBN 978-962-209-968-5 All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound by Condor Production Ltd., Hong Kong, China Contents Series Preface ix Acknowledgements xiii 1 The Apocalyptic Moment of Bullet in the Head 1 2 Bullet in the Head 23 3 Aftermath 99 Appendix 109 Notes 113 Credits 127 Filmography 129 1 The Apocalyptic Moment of Bullet in the Head Like many Hong Kong films of the 1980s and 90s, John Woo’s Bullet in the Head contains grim forebodings then held by the former colony concerning its return to Mainland China in 1997. Despite the break from Maoism following the fall of the Gang of Four and Deng Xiaoping’s movement towards capitalist modernization, the brutal events of Tiananmen Square caused great concern for a territory facing many changes in the near future. Even before these disturbing events Hong Kong’s imminent return to a motherland with a different dialect and social customs evoked insecurity on the part of a population still remembering the violent events of the Cultural Revolution as well as the Maoist- inspired riots that affected the colony in 1967. -
Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies
Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies On the Rooftop: A Study of Marginalized Youth Films in Hong Kong Cinema Xuelin ZHOU University of Auckland Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies. Vol. 8, No. 2 ⓒ 2008 Academy of East Asia Studies. pp.163-177 You may use content in the SJEAS back issues only for your personal, non-commercial use. Contents of each article do not represent opinions of SJEAS. Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies. Vol.8, No.2. � 2008 Academy of East Asian Studies. pp.163-177 On the Rooftop: A Study of Marginalized Youth Films in Hong Kong Cinema1 Xuelin ZHOU University of Auckland ABSTRACT Researchers of contemporary Hong Kong cinema have tended to concentrate on the monumental, metropolitan and/or historical works of such esteemed directors as Wong Kar-Wai, John Woo and Tsui Hark. This paper focuses instead on a number of low-budget films that circulated below the radar of Chinese as well as Western film scholars but were important to local young viewers, i.e. a cluster of films that feature deviant and marginalized youth as protagonists. They are very interesting as evidence of perceived social problems in contemporary Hong Kong. The paper aims to outline some main features of these marginalized youth films produced since the mid-1990s. Keywords: Hong Kong, cinema, youth culture, youth film, marginalized youth On the Rooftop A scene set on the rooftop of a skyscraper in central Hong Kong appears in New Police Story(2004), or Xin jingcha gushi, by the Hong Kong director Benny Chan, an action drama that features an aged local police officer struggling to fight a group of trouble-making, tech-savvy teenagers.2 The young people are using the rooftop for an “X-party,” an occasion for showing off their skills of skateboarding and cycling, by doing daredevil stunts along the edge of the building. -
Feff Press Kit
PRESS RELEASES, FILM STILLS & FESTIVAL PICS AND VIDEOS TO DOWNLOAD FROM WWW.FAREASTFILM.COM PRESS AREA Press Office/Far East Film Festival 19 Gianmatteo Pellizzari & Ippolita Nigris Cosattini +39/0432/299545 - +39/347/0950890 [email protected] - [email protected] Video Press Office Matteo Buriani +39/345/1821517 – [email protected] 21/29 April 2017 – Udine – Teatro Nuovo and Visionario FAR EAST FILM FESTIVAL 19: THE POWER OF ASIA! The irresistible road movie Survival Family opens the #FEFF19 on Friday the 21 st of April: a packed programme which testifies to the incredible vitality (both productive and creative) of Asian cinema. 83 titles selected from almost a thousand seen, and 4 world premiers, including Herman Yau's high-octane thriller Shock Wave , which will close the nineteenth edition. Press release of the 13 th of April 2017 For immediate release UDINE - Who turned out the lights? Nobody did, and the fuses haven't blown. And no, it's not even a power cut. Electricity has just suddenly ceased to exist, so the Suzuki family must now very quickly learn the art of survival: and facing a global blackout is not exactly a walk in the park! It's with the world screeching to a halt of the irresistible Japanese road movie Survival Family that the highly anticipated Far East Film Festival 19 opens: not just because Yaguchi Shinobu' s wonderful comedy is the festival's starting pistol on Friday the 21 st of April, but also for a question of symmetry: just like the blackout in Survival Family , the FEFF is an interruption . -
Newsletter 34
Hong Kong Film Archive Quarterly 34 Newsletter 11.2005 Chor Yuen: A Lifetime in the Film Studio Three Glimpses of Takarada Akira Mirage Yellow Willow in the Frost 17 Editorial@ChatRoom English edition of Monographs of HK Film Veterans (3): Chor Yuen is to be released in April 2006. www.filmarchive.gov.hk Hong Kong Film Archive Head Angela Tong Section Heads Venue Mgt Rebecca Lam Takarada Akira danced his way in October. In November, Anna May Wong and Jean Cocteau make their entrance. IT Systems Lawrence Hui And comes January, films ranging from Cheung Wood-yau to Stephen Chow will be revisited in a retrospective on Acquisition Mable Ho Chor Yuen. Conservation Edward Tse Reviewing Chor Yuen’s films in recent months, certain scenes struck me as being uncannily familiar. I realised I Resource Centre Chau Yu-ching must have seen the film as a child though I couldn’t have known then that the director was Chor Yuen. But Research Wong Ain-ling coming to think of it, he did leave his mark on silver screen and TV alike for half a century. Tracing his work brings Editorial Kwok Ching-ling Programming Sam Ho to light how Cantonese and Mandarin cinema evolved into Hong Kong cinema. Today, in the light of the Chinese Winnie Fu film market and the need for Hong Kong cinema to reorient itself, his story about flowers sprouting from the borrowed seeds of Cantonese opera takes on special meaning. Newsletter I saw Anna May Wong for the first time during the test screening. The young artist was heart-rendering.