DOCSLIB.ORG

Understanding Poverty and Human Resources in Zimbabwe: Changes in the 1990S and Directions for the Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Understanding Poverty and Human Resources in Zimbabwe: Changes in the 1990S and Directions for the Future Public Disclosure Authorized Understanding Poverty and Human Public Disclosure Authorized Resources in Zimbabwe: Changes in the 1990s and Directions for the Future Public Disclosure Authorized December 1996 Public Disclosure Authorized /\ ~U~'.IuJ~~7T~ f~j 4, i .a 7r"- IS rt7 O7I Fi< Vj;t(-;7-lt -itli-lfJ - ' |@ | I I Understanding Poverty and Human Resources in Zimbabwe: Changes in the 1990s and Directions for the Future TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................ i INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1 Objectives ............................................................. 1 Context ............................................................. 2 Sources of information ............................................................. 2 Scope of the paper ............................................................. 3 2. INCOME AND CONSUMPTION ............................................................. 4 2.1 How Prevalent is Poverty in Zimbabwe? ............................................................. 4 Estimates of prevalence vary, but household surveys reveal patterns and characteristics of poverty ............................................................. 4 Poverty in Zimbabwe is not as high as in many other countries .......................... 6 2.2 What are the characteristics of poverty? ............................................................. 8 Poverty is predominantly rural ............................................................. 8 Poverty is most prevalent in communal and resettlement areas ........................... 8 Most of Zimbabwe 's poor live in communal areas, but only an estimated one third of the population in these areas is poor.................. 10 The prevalence ofpoverty amongfarm workers on large-scale commer- cialfarms is high even though the overall prevalence on these farms is low ............................................................ 12 In resettlement areas,poverty prevalence is high but declining............... 13 In urban areas,prevalence ofpoverty is low but probably growing......... 14 The driest provinces tend to be the poorest ......................................................... 15 Female-headed households in rural areas are no more likely to be poor than male-headed households ............................................................ 17 Heads of poor households tend to have less formal education than do heads of non-poor households ....................................................... 17 2.3 What are the Sources of Income for the Poor? .................................................... 19 Rural cash incomes are predominantly from non-crop sources .......................... 19 Agriculture is the most frequent source of cash income, but not the largest ...... 21 Non-poor households tend to derive more cash income from formal employment than do poor households ....................................................... 22 Remittance income is substantial, especially in rural areas ................................ 22 Rural households derive half of their total income from in-kind sources ........... 24 2.4 Summary ........................................................... 24 3. STATUS OF HUMAN RESOURCES ........................................................... 26 3.1 The Population is Young ........................................................... 26 3.2 What is the status of health?........................................................... 27 Zimbabwe has invested successfully in the health of its population .................. 27 Health status is good by international standards ................................................. 28 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS is among the highest in the world .............................. 28 Health outcomes are worse in rural than in urban areas ..................................... 29 Ill health is linked to low education levels .......................................................... 30 3.3 What is the status of education? ........ 31 Zimbabwe's achievements in education are impressive ........ 31 Education levels are lowest in the large-scale commercial farm sector .............. 31 Girls receive less education than boys, but the gap is closing ............................ 32 3.4 Summary ........................................................ 34 4. FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POVERTY ...................................... 35 4.1 Poverty and Inequality ........................................................ 35 Income is unequally distributed ........................................................ 35 Land distribution is highly skewed ........................................................ 36 The poor have little access to land ...................................................... 36 Ruralpoverty is associatedwith poor agriculturalland ........................... 38 Land marketsfunction poorly ...................................................... 39 Unequal access to water exacerbates the land problem............................. 40 Agricultural services have not focused on issues appropriateto drought-prone areas...................................................... 41 Environmental problems affect both good and poor lands ................................. 42 4.2 Why has the economy not generated employment? .............................................. 43 The formal sector historically favored capital over labour ................................. 43 Manufacturing has not generatedsufficient employment ......................................................... 43 Commercial agriculture has used neither land nor labour optimally....... 44 The informal sector is relatively small, and used to be tightly regulated ........... 44 Large numbers of school-leavers cannot find jobs ............................................. 45 4.3 Summary ......................................................... 46 5. CHANGES DURING THE 1990s ................................................. 47 5.1 What changes have affected the economy? ......................................................... 47 Structural adjustment aimed for growth and employment creation .................... 47 The reform program has only been partially implemented ................................. 50 Markets have been liberalized......................................................... 50 The government has not managed to meet its fiscal targets...................... 50 The Social Dimensions ofAdjustment Programme was poorly designed and insufficiently funded .............................................. 51 Over-regulation remains in some sectors................................................... 52 Public resources could have had greater benefits for the poor ............................ 52 Drought had devastating effects, which better preparation could have reduced ......................................................... 53 5.2 What were the effects on incomes and consumption ............................................ 54 Incomes from employment have fallen ......................................................... 55 Formalsector wages havefallen sharply.................................................. 55 The informal sector has grown, mainly in low-profit activities................. 56 Liberalization of maize markets has benefited consumers and producers .......... 58 Drought hit rural incomes and probably increased inequality ............................ 60 Effects on average incomes have been negative ................................................. 60 5.3 What were the effects on health and education 9 . ..................................... 61 The health sector is under strain because of funding cuts and AIDS .61 Health spending has declined.62 Health services have deteriorated........................................... 63 AIDS is affecting health outcomes, strainingservice levels and affecting the whole economy .64 Education funding cuts have not affected outcomes substantially .65 Education outcomes have worsened slightly .66 Future health and education outcomes are likely to deteriorate .67 5.4 Summary: What has happened to poverty in the 1990s? ................................. 67 6. TOPICS FOR FURTHER STUDY ............................................................ 69 Increasing understanding of the living conditions of the poor ............................ 69 Understanding formal and informal labour markets ........................................... 70 Deepening understanding of the dynamics of remittance income ...................... 71 Understanding the impact on poverty of changing agricultural markets ............ 72 Understanding how households cope with crises such as drought and AIDS ....72 Addressing the role of institutions ............................................................ 73 7. ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE ............................................................ 74 Implementing a poverty reduction strategy ........................................................ 74 Creatingan environment conducive to economic growth ......................... 74 Investing directly in poverty reduction...................................................... 75 Moving forward ............................................................ 76 SUMMARY OF SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS ............................................................ 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................ 83 PARTICIPANTS IN POVERTY WORKSHOPS .......................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Ports of Entry and Routes) (Amendment) Order, 2020
    Statutory Instrument 55 ofS.I. 2020. 55 of 2020 Customs and Excise (Ports of Entry and Routes) (Amendment) [CAP. 23:02 Order, 2020 (No. 20) Customs and Excise (Ports of Entry and Routes) (Amendment) “THIRTEENTH SCHEDULE Order, 2020 (No. 20) CUSTOMS DRY PORTS IT is hereby notifi ed that the Minister of Finance and Economic (a) Masvingo; Development has, in terms of sections 14 and 236 of the Customs (b) Bulawayo; and Excise Act [Chapter 23:02], made the following notice:— (c) Makuti; and 1. This notice may be cited as the Customs and Excise (Ports (d) Mutare. of Entry and Routes) (Amendment) Order, 2020 (No. 20). 2. Part I (Ports of Entry) of the Customs and Excise (Ports of Entry and Routes) Order, 2002, published in Statutory Instrument 14 of 2002, hereinafter called the Order, is amended as follows— (a) by the insertion of a new section 9A after section 9 to read as follows: “Customs dry ports 9A. (1) Customs dry ports are appointed at the places indicated in the Thirteenth Schedule for the collection of revenue, the report and clearance of goods imported or exported and matters incidental thereto and the general administration of the provisions of the Act. (2) The customs dry ports set up in terms of subsection (1) are also appointed as places where the Commissioner may establish bonded warehouses for the housing of uncleared goods. The bonded warehouses may be operated by persons authorised by the Commissioner in terms of the Act, and may store and also sell the bonded goods to the general public subject to the purchasers of the said goods paying the duty due and payable on the goods.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Report 2014
    ANNUAL FIRE REPORT 2014 FIRE Hay bailing along the Victoria Falls- Kazungula Road to reduce road side fires Page 1 of 24 ANNUAL FIRE REPORT 2014 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 Fire Prediction Modelling ..................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Fire Monitoring .................................................................................................................................... 7 4.0 Environmental Education and Training ................................................................................................ 8 5.0 EMA/ZRP Fire Management Awards ................................................................................................. 14 6.0 Law enforcement ............................................................................................................................... 17 7.0 Impacts of Fires .................................................................................................................................. 18 7.0 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 21 8.0 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 22 Annex 1: Pictures ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap
    MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap Mashonaland Central Karanda Chimandau Guruve MukosaMukosa Guruve Kamusasa Karanda Marymount Matsvitsi Marymount Mary Mount Locations ShinjeShinje Horseshoe Nyamahobobo Ruyamuro RUSHINGA CentenaryDavid Nelson Nyamatikiti Nyamatikiti Province Capital Nyakapupu M a z o w e CENTENARY Mazowe St. Pius MOUNT DARWIN 2 Chipuriro Mount DarwinZRP NyanzouNyanzou Mt Darwin Chidikamwedzi Town 17 GoromonziNyahuku Tsakare GURUVE Jingamvura MAKONDE Kafura Nyamhondoro Place of Local Importance Bepura 40 Kafura Mugarakamwe Mudindo Nyamanyora Chingamuka Bure Katanya Nyamanyora Bare Chihuri Dindi ARDA Sisi Manga Dindi Goora Mission M u s e n g e z i Nyakasoro KondoKondo Zvomanyanga Goora Wa l t o n Chinehasha Madziwa Chitsungo Mine Silverside Donje Madombwe Mutepatepa Nyamaruro C o w l e y Chistungo Chisvo DenderaDendera Nyamapanda Birkdale Chimukoko Nyamapanda Chindunduma 13 Mukodzongi UMFURUDZI SAFARI AREA Madziwa Chiunye KotwaKotwa 16 Chiunye Shinga Health Facility Nyakudya UZUMBA MARAMBA PFUNGWE Shinga Kotwa Nyakudya Bradley Institute Borera Kapotesa Shopo ChakondaTakawira MvurwiMvurwi Makope Raffingora Jester H y d e Maramba Ayrshire Madziwa Raffingora Mvurwi Farm Health Scheme Nyamaropa MUDZI Kasimbwi Masarakufa Boundaries Rusununguko Madziva Mine Madziwa Vanad R u y a Madziwa Masarakufa Shutu Nyamukoho P e m b i Nzvimbo M u f u r u d z i Madziva Teacher's College Vanad Nzvimbo Chidembo SHAMVA Masenda National Boundary Feock MutawatawaMutawatawa Mudzi Rosa Muswewenhede Chakonda Suswe Mutorashanga Madimutsa Chiwarira
    [Show full text]
  • 10A. Bukaliya
    International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications July, August, September 2011 Volume: 2 Issue: 3 Article: 10 ISSN 1309-6249 ASSESSING THE RECEPTIVITY OF OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAMMES AMONG ORDINARY AND ADVANCED LEVEL STUDENTS: A CASE OF THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Richard BUKALIYA Zimbabwe Open University, Mashonaland East Region, Marondera, ZIMBABWE Farirai MUSIKA Zimbabwe Open University, Mashonaland East Region, Marondera, ZIMBABWE ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to establish Ordinary and Advanced level students` receptivity of Open and Distance Learning Programmes offered by Zimbabwe Open University. With the proliferation of several higher education institutions, which include among them the eleven universities in the country and at one polytechnic in each of the ten provinces of Zimbabwe, competition for students has become stiff as enrolments in some of these institutions continue to plummet. There was, therefore, need to establish how receptive these young adults were of the ODL mode, in light of the introduction of the Enhanced Tutorial Programme (ETP) as an innovation in the ODL system at the Zimbabwe Open University. A total of 100 student respondents made up the sample which consisted of 64 (64%) male and 36 (36%) female students whose age range was between 16 and 22 years. These were drawn from rural and urban schools located in Chegutu district. Results show that a slight majority of 56 students preferred to study with the ZOU because of their area of residence which was prohibitive for them to enrol at a conventional college. The respondents overwhelmingly rejected the notion that there was poor quality of education at the ZOU.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Article the Spatial Dimension of Health Service
    Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016; 4(1C):201-204 ISSN 2347-954X (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Original Research Article The Spatial Dimension of Health Service Provision in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe Takudzwa Mhandu, Dr Evans Chazireni Great Zimbabwe University, P O Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe *Corresponding author Dr Evans Chazireni Email: Abstract: Zimbabwe like many other developing countries has serious problems in its healthcare system. The quality of health service provision in Zimbabwe is generally poor Chazireni. Different parts of the country have serious healthcare problems. Mashonaland West, like other provinces in Zimbabwe, experiences numerous healthcare challenges. The research examines health service provision in Mashonaland West province in Zimbabwe. Data for this study was collected from ZIMSTAT published census reports and Ministry of health and Child Welfare published national health profiles. The analysis of the data was done through the composite index method. The calculated composite indices were used to rank the districts according to the level of health service provision. The researcher found out that there overall, the conditions of health service provision in Mashonaland West province is poor and that there are health service disparities among administrative districts in Mashonaland West province of Zimbabwe. There are many reasons which contribute to disparities in health care services at different levels (global, continental, regional, national and district level). It emerged from the research that the disparities are due to social, economic, physical and political factors.
    [Show full text]
  • MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Overview Map 26 October 2009 Legend Province Capital
    MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Overview Map 26 October 2009 Legend Province Capital Hunyani Casembi Key Location Chikafa Chidodo Muzeza Musengezi Mine Mushumbi Musengezi Pools Chadereka Mission Mbire Mukumbura Place of Local Importance Hoya Kaitano Kamutsenzere Kamuchikukundu Bwazi Muzarabani Mavhuradonha Village Bakasa St. St. Gunganyama Pachanza Centenary Alberts Alberts Nembire Road Network Kazunga Chawarura Dotito Primary Chironga Rushinga Mount Rushinga Mukosa Guruve Karanda Rusambo Marymount Chimanda Secondary Marymount Shinje Darwin Rusambo Centenary Nyamatikiti Guruve Feeder azowe MashonalandMount M River Goromonzi Darwin Mudindo Dindi Kafura Bure Nyamanyora Railway Line Central Goora Kondo Madombwe Chistungo Mutepatepa Dendera Nyamapanda International Boundary Madziwa Borera Chiunye Kotwa Nyakudya Shinga Bradley Jester Mvurwi Madziwa Vanad Kasimbwi Institute Masarakufa Nzvimbo Madziwa Province Boundary Feock Mutawatawa Mudzi Muswewenhede Chakonda Suswe Mudzi Mutorashanga Charewa Chikwizo Howard District Boundary Nyota Shamva Nyamatawa Gozi Institute Bindura Chindengu Kawere Muriel Katiyo Rwenya Freda & Mont Dor Caesar Nyamuzuwe River Mazowe Rebecca Uzumba Nyamuzuwe Katsande Makaha River Shamva Mudzonga Makosa Trojan Shamva Nyamakope Fambe Glendale BINDURA MarambaKarimbika Sutton Amandas Uzumba All Nakiwa Kapondoro Concession Manhenga Kanyongo Souls Great Muonwe Mutoko PfungweMuswe Dyke Mushimbo Chimsasa Lake/Waterbody Madamombe Jumbo Bosha Nyadiri Avila Makumbe Mutoko Jumbo Mazowe Makumbe Parirewa Nyawa Rutope Conservation Area
    [Show full text]
  • WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
    WWF World Wide Fund For Nature Centre For Applied Social Sciences CHANGING LAND-USE IN THE EASTERN ZAMBEZI VALLEY: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS By Bill Derman Department of Anthropology & African Studies Centre Michigan State University December 22 1995 Printed October 1996 CASS/WWF Joint Paper Report submitted to: Centre for Applied Social Sciences WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature University of Zimbabwe Programme Office - Zimbabwe P O Box MP 167 P O Box CY 1409 Mount Pleasant Causeway HARARE HARARE Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Members of IUCN - The World Conservation Union The opinions and conclusions of this Joint Paper are not necessarily those of the Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe or the WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ................ ii INTRODUCTION ............... 1 PART 1 The Eastern Zambezi Valley: An Historical Overview . 4 PART 2 Development Interventions in the Eastern Valley . 13 PART 3 Non-Governmental Organisations ...... 19 PART 4 Migration and Migrants ......... 22 PART 5 Local Responses to Change ........ 26 PART 6 New and Planned Development Initiatives .. 32 PART 7 The Organisational Environment ...... 46 PART 8 Policy and Land Use Planning ....... 50 ENDNOTES ............. 52 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............. 57 PREFACE This study by Professor Bill Derman is intended to provide an overview of socio- economic dimensions which have influenced, and often controlled, land use in the eastern Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe. The study also provides a wider contextual framework to several more detailed studies of the ecological, economic and social components of land use, agriculture, and natural resource use and management being undertaken by CASS and WWF. Much of this work is in support of Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources - CAMPFIRE, but has wider implications for the development of sustainable land use practices and resource management regimes in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Phone Number Has Been Updated!
    Your phone number has been updated! We have changed your area code, and have updated your phone number. Now you can enjoy the full benefits of a converged network. This directory guides you on the changes to your number. TELONE NUMBER CHANGE UPDATE City/Town Old Area New Area Prefix New number example City/Town Old Area New Area Prefix New number example Code Code Code Code Arcturus 0274 024 214 (024) 214*your number* Lalapanzi 05483 054 2548 (054) 2548*your number* Banket 066 067 214 (067) 214*your number* Lupane 0398 081 2856 (081) 2856*your number* Baobab 0281 081 28 (081)28*your number* Macheke 0379 065 2080 (065) 2080*your number* Battlefields 055 055 25 (055)25*your number* Makuti 063 061 2141 (061) 2141*your number* Beatrice 065 024 2150 (024) 2150*your number* Marondera 0279 065 23 (065) 23*your number* Bindura 0271 066 210 (066) 210*your number* Mashava 035 039 245 (039) 245*your number* Birchenough Bridge 0248 027 203 (027) 203*your number* Masvingo 039 039 2 (039) 2*your number* (029)2*your number* Mataga 0517 039 2366 (039) 2366*your number* Bulawayo 09 029 2 (for numbers with 6 digits) Matopos 0383 029 2809 (039) 2809*your number* (029)22*your number) Bulawayo 09 029 22 Mazowe 0275 066 219 (066) 219*your number* (for numbers with 5 digits) Mberengwa 0518 039 2360 (039)2360*your number* Centenary 057 066 210 (066) 210*your number* Chatsworth 0308 039 2308 (039)2308*your number* Mhangura 060 067 214 (067) 214*your number* Mount Darwin 0276 066 212 (066) 212*your number* Chakari 0688 068 2189 (068) 2189*your number* Murambinda
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe (Country Code +263) Communication of 12.XII.2018
    Zimbabwe (country code +263) Communication of 12.XII.2018: The Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ), Harare, announces updates to the national numbering plan of Zimbabwe. POTRAZ has approved the amendment and consolidation of National Geographical Area Codes on the Public Switched Telephone Network in Zimbabwe by TelOne (Pvt) Limited. POTRAZ has also assigned new subscriber number block of 078 6 XXX XXX and 078 7 XXX XXX to Econet Wireless Zimbabwe. The updated national numbering plan of Zimbabwe is as follows. 1. Definitions Country Code (CC) Country Code (CC) is a digit or a combination of digits (one, two or three) identifying a specific country or countries. Dialling Plan A string or combination of decimal digits, symbols, that defines the method by which the numbering plan is used. A dialling plan includes the use of prefixes, suffixes, and additional information, supplementary to the numbering plan, required to complete the call. Geographic Area Code or Area Code (AC) This refers to an area code that has a defined geographic boundary. Geographic area codes are for conventional fixed- line (or land line) services terminating at fixed points. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is divided into several geographic areas. Each of the geographic area is allocated an area code. International Access Prefix (IAP) A digit or combination of digits used to indicate that the number following is an international directory number. In Zimbabwe the International Dialling Access Prefix is ‘00’. National Access Prefix (NAP) or Trunk Prefix A digit or combination of digits used by a calling subscriber to make a call to another subscriber in his own country, but outside his own numbering area or network.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    European Journal of Social Sciences Studies ISSN: 2501-8590 ISSN-L: 2501-8590 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/soc doi: 10.5281/zenodo.2536418 Volume 4 │ Issue 1 │ 2019 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DROUGHT MITIGATION STRATEGIES IN CHEGUTU DISTRICT, MASHONALAND WEST PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE Roy Makova1, Jemitias Mapira2i, Leonard Shambira3 1Former BSc Hours degree student, Department of Geography & Environmental Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe 2Professor, Department of Geography & Environmental Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe 3Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe Abstract: Drought induced famine has been the worst disaster from which most rural people experience immense anguish. It still remains a National Policy Agenda and a problem in most developing countries like Zimbabwe. Due to climate change, the impacts of droughts are expected to deepen where the capacity to adapt is low. Though it remains a challenge in communities, local people have devised different coping mechanisms based on the resources that are locally available but the effectiveness of these are questionable. Therefore, using both qualitative and quantitative methods this work aims at identifying the drought mitigation strategies used in ward 12 of Chegutu district. People are using drought mitigation strategies which include food aid, food for work, and sale of livestock, remittances and irrigation schemes where provision of food aid and food for work while the least effective were remittances and irrigation. The study also revealed that 72% of the community was not familiar with the effectiveness of all the drought mitigation strategies used. The strategies are held back by challenges in the ward which induce poor service delivery by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government departments in mitigating droughts, poverty, corruption, lack of resources and unclear selection criteria of beneficiaries as well as lack of markets thereby leading to inefficiency of the drought mitigation strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Auditor Generals Report
    REPORT of the Auditor-General for the FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 ON APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS, FINANCE AND REVENUE STATEMENTS AND FUND ACCOUNTS _____________________________________________________________________________ Presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe 2019 _____________________________________________________________________________ Office of the Auditor-General of Zimbabwe 48. George Silundika Avenue Cnr. S. V. Muzenda Street, Harare, Zimbabwe The Hon. Professor. M. Ncube Minister of Finance and Economic Development New Government Complex Samora Machel Avenue Harare Dear Sir, I hereby submit my Report on the audit of Appropriation Accounts, Finance and Revenue Statements and Fund Accounts of Zimbabwe for the year ended December 31, 2018 in terms of Section 309 (2) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe read together with Section 10 (1) of the Audit Office Act [Chapter 22:18]. Yours faithfully, M. CHIRI, AUDITOR-GENERAL. HARARE June 20, 2019. OAG VISION To be the Centre of Excellence in the provision of Auditing Services. OAG MISSION To examine, audit and report to Parliament on the management of public resources of Zimbabwe through committed and motivated staff with the aim of improving accountability and good corporate governance. OAG VALUES LIST OF ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank AFROSAI-E African Organisation of English speaking Supreme Audit Institutions AGRIBANK Agriculture Development Bank of Zimbabwe AMTOs Assisted Medical Treatment Orders APM Accounting Procedures Manual AUBP African Union Boarder Programme BAZ
    [Show full text]
  • IN "CAMPFIRE" Steve J. Thomas. Paper Prepared for the Second
    THE LEGACY OP DUALISM AND DECISION —MAKING: THE PROSPECTS FOR LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN "CAMPFIRE" Steve J. Thomas. Paper prepared for the Second Annual Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP) held at University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. September 26 - 29, 1991. THE LEGACY Of DUALISM AND DECISION—MAKING: the prospects for local institutional development in "CAMPFIRE". Steve J. Thomas. Abstract 'CAMPFIRE' is Zimbabwe's 'Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources'. It seeks to place the management of the wildlife in communal lands into the hands of those communities intimately affected by it. Much of the communal lands is a marginal environment to which the majority of the African population was relocated under divisive legislation introduced by the colonial powers. Parallels are drawn between the colonial and post-colonial periods; the legacy of dualism providing the context within which the prospects for institutional development are discussed. The fugitive nature of the resource suggests the determination of jurisdictional boundaries within which appropriate institutions might function is problematical. Moreover, the 'costs' incurred in 'producing' wildlife must be more than compensated by the benefits accruing from its utilisation. How these benefits are distributed must be decided by 'producer communities' themselves. The success of 'CAMPFIRE' will hinge on the will of central government to decentralise decision-making and control over wildlife resources to local communities, and the willingness and capacity of rural communities to adopt and further this concept of devolution. The legitimacy of the local institutional arrangements which develop will be critical to this success. * Institutional Development Manager with the Zimbabwe Trust, P.O.Box 4027, 4 Lanark Road, Harare, Zimbabwe.
    [Show full text]