DOCSLIB.ORG

E33 METWE POTENTIAL from COAL SEAMS Fn the RICHMOND BASIN of VIRGINIA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
E33 METWE POTENTIAL from COAL SEAMS Fn the RICHMOND BASIN of VIRGINIA The following summary was extracted from an extensive report on the coalbed methane resource potential of the Richmond Basin prepared by the Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. E33 METWE POTENTIAL FROM COAL SEAMS fN THE RICHMOND BASIN OF VIRGINIA Final Report March 1981 Frepared by Department of firiing and Minerals ,Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Ins titutE and Stare University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 under -TRW Subcontract No. HP2176JJ9S ' 'WE C-mtsact NQ D.E-AC21-78MCO8089 for TRW Energy Systems Group 8301 Greensboro Drive McLean, Virginia- 22102 Reprinted with permission of the Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic and State University. This report is an evaluation of the coalbed methane resource potential of the Richmond Basin in east-central Virginia. The work was conducted and the report prepared by the Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polyeechntc Institute and State Uni- versity under TRW/WI & SU Subcontract R12176JJ9S, a subcontract under the U.S. Deparment of Energy (DUE) Methane Recovery from Coalbeds Project administered by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center. The work develops the geologic framework and the coal and coalbed methane resources in a geologic .basin from which very little recent subsurface exists. This report provides the background OR which future coalbed methane explorztion programs in this basin can be deveioped. The Richmond Coal basin, locared abour: 12 miles west of the cis? of Richmond, Yirghia,vas the site of the first commercial coal mining in the Uniced States. ?fining activity continnu'ed rhese for a period of about 200 years. bespite chis long histcry of mining activity, it is .estimated t'Mt total produc:ion from tne basin only- amounted to about eight million tons of coal. Because very limited exploration work vas done, the full exrEnL of the coal resources of the basin are un- known and resource estimares are tberef ore imprecise , alrhaugt.1 Khey appear to range from 'two to four billion tons. The coal is chiefly medium volatile bi:uminous and in some ereas h2s been altered to coke by igneous intrusions, From the records, ir appears that the coals contain significanc quantities of methane. Alchough numerous reports of gas, gas explos- ions and disasters are recorded, acegrate measurement ~f the gas con- tent has never been attmpted to establish the potential of this resourct. The city of Richmond, which currently consumes 13 bFllion cu. ft. per year of natural gas (Lordley, 19791, provides an excellent outlet and market for methane gas which may be produced from the besin. Geologiczllp, the coal occurs in 2n elongated basin 33 miles from north to south with a width that varies up to 9.5 miles. As scared, exploration has been minimal and the actual proportian of this area of approximztely 170 square miles underlain by coal is not known. However, coal does outcrop ar is known to occur mer 2 distance of about 32.4 miles of a total perimeter of some 70 miles. 0 0 The coal seams dip steeply at 15 - G5 touards the center af the basin. The deepest part of the basin,ar: whi;h coal is known to exist, vas sampled at the Salisbury borehole L+ich intercepted coal at 2320 feet (Jones, 1928) The depth in the center of the basin is not , knom, but could be 3,000 feet or greater. Whether or not the coal is continuous across the basin or ccnrinues around the per: 1 metes CaIXlQK be detemined from present widence. The ma!. seams mines, ranging from three to five in nuinber, achieved great thicknesses especially where t~oor more of the seams merged. Thicknesses of 70 feet of coal, with some included shale bands, have been recorded. As a result, assumptions have been made of rhe extent and thick- ness or' the coals, upon which a c021 resource has been es:imared by computer conceuring of available values, which resul~sin B conser- vative estirnare of 2.3 billion tors. The reyrr of Sh2ler and Woodworth (1899) indicates the recoverable coal Teserves ar 1.152 billion tons, which when adjusred LO include the unrecovereble coal gives a resource of 2.1 billion tons. Resource esrimarred by Heinrich (1878) range from 1.987 to 3.887 billion tons. In this report, how- ever, a more conservative estimzte of two billion ton5 has been used for the calculacions of the methane conrenr. These resources were concourgd for depth and thickness of caal, and an average quality of the coal wa5 calculated. The results,based on the available data pertaining ch-ier‘ly t5 the perimeter vhich was mined, are of varying credibility because of the quality dates and origin of some of the reports. For this rezson, the gas content has been estimated using the method of W (19771, and the result has been evzluared for csedkbility with the reports of methane g+s and found to have no conflict. From this study it would appear that the potentialresource methane may range from 700 billien cu. ft. tolGOO billion cu. ft. or enough to provide many years supply based upon the current ‘tat21 usage rate of Richmond. Therefore, the drflling of 2 nuaber of exploratory holes in the bash may have merit EO establish the actllzl exfenr of the coal beds, the merhane content of these Sed5,and the characteristics of desorp- tion of the methane gas from the beds. GUIDEBOOK TO THE GEOLOGY OF THE RICHMOND AND TAYLORSVILLE BASIN, EAST-CENTRAL VIRGINIA By Bruce K. Goodwin1, Robert E. Weems2, Gerald P. Wilkes3, Albert J. Froelich2, and Joseph P. Smoot2 Eastern Section AAPG Meeting Fieldtrip Number 4 10 November 1985 1 College of William and Mary, Williamsburgh, VA 23185 2 United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092 3 Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, VA 22903 The following guidebook, prepared by Dr. Bruce K. Goodwin and others in 1985 for the Eastern Section Meeting of AAPG, was available for many years from the Virginia Division of Mineral Resources in Charlottesville, VA. It is reproduced herein, with permission of the Division, to replace the now out-of- print version of the guidebook. Content s Introduction and regional setting ........................... 1 Areal extent and geologic setting ........................... 3 Previous work............................................... 9 Stratigraphy ................................................ 9 Stratigraphy of the Richmond basin ..................... 10 A brief history of coal mining in the Richmond basin. .. 12 Stratigraphy of the Taylorsville basin ................. 14 References cited............................................. .. 16 Road log .................................................... 19 Taylor svi 1 le bas i n Stop 1 -- Doswell Formation, Stagg Creek Member and Falling Creek Member........................ 19 stop 2 -- DoswelI Formation, Newfound Member..,.,..... 28 Stop 3 -- Doswell. Formation, Newfound Member........ .. 30 Stop 4 -- Doswell Formation, Newfound Member .......... 32 Ri chmond basin Stop 5 -- Petersburg Granite and Tuckahoe Group, lower barren beds............. .............. 35 Stop 6A -- Chesterfield Group, Vinfta Beds........,.... 40 Stop 6B -- Chesterfield Group, Vinita Beds............. 43 Stop 7 -- Tuckahoe Group, productive coal measures.... 45 Stop 8 -- Chesterfield Group, Otterdale Sandstone ..... 54 F i gur es 1 -- Exposed basins of the Newark Supergroup in eastern North America......................................... 2 2 -- Regional geologic setting of the Richmond and TayPorsville basiRs ................................... 4 3 -- Generalized geologic nap of the Richmond basin and outlying basins.., .................................... 5 4 -- Geologic map of the exposed portions of the Taylorsville basin .................................... 6 Figures [continued) 5 -- Stratigraphic columns of the Richmond and TaylorsviIle basins.....................*..............- 8 6 -- Generalized map of the geology surrounding the Richmond and Taylorsville basins, also showing the status af 7.5-minute geoIogic quadrangle mapping in both basins...................................,..,.... IS 7 -- Map showing detailed location of Stops 1 and 2 in the Hanover Academy ?.5-rninute quadrangie ............. 20 8 -- Columnar section of Outcrop A at Stop l............... 22 9 -- Columnar section of Outcrop B at Stop I............... 27 10 -- Diagramnatic portrayal of Outcrop C at Stop 2..... .... 29 11 -- Map showing detaiIed location of Stops 3 and 4 in the Ashland 7.5-minute quadrangle ..................... 31 12 -- Geologic map of Stop 5 and vicinity ................... 36 13 -- Generalized geologic section of the Triassic rocks exposed in the Boscobel Quarry.. ...................... 38 24 -- Geologic nap of Stop 6 and vicinity. .................. 41 15 -- Geologic map of Stop 7 and vicinity ................... 46 16 -- Sketch map of the exposed coal beds and basin margins near Midlothian, and hypothetical cross sections across the basin margins .............................. 47 17 -- Geologic map of Stop 8 and vicinity ................... 55 GUIDEBOOK TO THE GEOLOGY OF THE RICHMOND AND TAYLORSVILLE BASINS, EAST-CENTRAL, VIRGINIA After the Appalachian orogeny, the long period from Permian through Early Triassic time was dominated by erosion and nondeposition in eastern North America. This interval was succeeded by an early Mesozoic rift regime, apparently controlled by extensiond forces, that eventually would open up the AtIantic Ocean basin. One of the earliest signs of this profound change in tectonic regime was the commencement of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Slavery in Ante-Bellum Southern Industries
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier SLAVERY IN ANTE-BELLUM SOUTHERN INDUSTRIES Series C: Selections from the Virginia Historical Society Part 1: Mining and Smelting Industries Editorial Adviser Charles B. Dew Associate Editor and Guide compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Slavery in ante-bellum southern industries [microform]. (Black studies research sources.) Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by Martin P. Schipper. Contents: ser. A. Selections from the Duke University Library / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Randolph Boehm—ser. B. Selections from the Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill—ser. C. Selections from the Virginia Historical Society / editorial adviser, Charles B. Dew, associate editor, Martin P. Schipper. 1. Slave labor—Southern States—History—Sources. 2. Southern States—Industries—Histories—Sources. I. Dew, Charles B. II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Duke University. Library. IV. University Publications of America (Firm). V. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Library. Southern Historical Collection. VI. Virginia Historical Society. HD4865 306.3′62′0975 91-33943 ISBN 1-55655-547-4 (ser. C : microfilm) CIP Compilation © 1996 by University Publications
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia ' Shistoricrichmondregi On
    VIRGINIA'S HISTORIC RICHMOND REGION GROUPplanner TOUR 1_cover_17gtm.indd 1 10/3/16 9:59 AM Virginia’s Beer Authority and more... CapitalAleHouse.com RichMag_TourGuide_2016.indd 1 10/20/16 9:05 AM VIRGINIA'S HISTORIC RICHMOND REGION GROUP TOURplanner p The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts’ permanent collection consists of more than 35,000 works of art. © Richmond Region 2017 Group Tour Planner. This pub- How to use this planner: lication may not be reproduced Table of Contents in whole or part in any form or This guide offers both inspira- by any means without written tion and information to help permission from the publisher. you plan your Group Tour to Publisher is not responsible for Welcome . 2 errors or omissions. The list- the Richmond region. After ings and advertisements in this Getting Here . 3 learning the basics in our publication do not imply any opening sections, gather ideas endorsement by the publisher or Richmond Region Tourism. Tour Planning . 3 from our listings of events, Printed in Richmond, Va., by sample itineraries, attractions Cadmus Communications, a and more. And before you Cenveo company. Published Out-of-the-Ordinary . 4 for Richmond Region Tourism visit, let us know! by Target Communications Inc. Calendar of Events . 8 Icons you may see ... Art Director - Sarah Lockwood Editor Sample Itineraries. 12 - Nicole Cohen G = Group Pricing Available Cover Photo - Jesse Peters Special Thanks = Student Friendly, Student Programs - Segway of Attractions & Entertainment . 20 Richmond ; = Handicapped Accessible To request information about Attractions Map . 38 I = Interactive Programs advertising, or for any ques- tions or comments, please M = Motorcoach Parking contact Richard Malkman, Shopping .
    [Show full text]
  • Olsen, PE, Schlische, RW, and Gore
    Olsen, P. E., Schlische, R. W., and Gore, P. J. W. (and others), 1989, Field Guide to the Tectonics, stratigraphy, sedimentology, and paleontology of the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America. International Geological Congress, Guidebooks for Field Trips T351, p. 47-57 3. RICHMOND BASIN, VIRGINIA GEOLOGY OF THE RICHMOND BASIN m of basin-restricted fluvial, lacustrine, and coal swamp (by P.J. W. Gore and P.E. Olsen) strata. Well and seismic data acquired since 1980 have greatly expanded our knowledge of the stratigraphy and The Riclunond basin is located in east-central Virginia, structure of the basin. To date at least 17 shallow wells approximately 19 km west of Riclunond, near the eastern (under 1000 m) and 3 deep wells have been drilled for oil edge of the Piedmont (Figures I.I, 3.1). The basin is surrounded by igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont Province and bounded on the west by a nonnal fault believed to be a reactivated portion of the Hylas zone (Goodwin et al., 1985), a Paleozoic thrust fault (faylor and Ressetar, 1985) or Alleghenian strike-slip fault {Manspeizer and Gates, 1988). The basin is approximately 53 km long and 15 km wide at its widest point (Goodwin et al., 1985). The dated sedimentary rocks in the basin range from early to middle Carnian (early Late Triassic) (fraverse, 1987; Comet, in press), and a few Jurassic diabase dikes intrude both the rocks in the basin and the surrounding Piedmont (Goodwin et al., 1986). The thickness of the sedimentary fill in the Riclunond basin has been detennined by drilling in several locations.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 8:HISTORICAL and CULTURAL RESOURCES Overview a Brief History of Chesterfield County
    CHAPTER 8: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Overview Chesterfield County enjoys the distinction of being an area with one of the longest periods of continuous habitation in the country. In looking towards the future, it is important to understand, and to appropriately preserve and promote the county’s rich historical and cultural foundation. Not only can students experience hands-on learning at these historic sites, but Chesterfield County can also increase local business development through tourism. DESIRED OUTCOMES OF THIS CHAPTER: • Preservation of Historic Places and Structures • Leverage Historic Assets to Create a Sense of Place and Foster Tourism • Support Partnerships and Private Preservation of Historic Resources • Utilize Historic Places for Events, Education and Other Unique Experiences A Brief History of Chesterfield County The county was originally inhabited by the Appamatuck Tribe, one of many tribes ruled by Chief Wahasonacock. In 1611, Sir Thomas Dale led a group of colonists from the original English settlement at Jamestown to the “Citie of Henricus” located on Farrar’s Island. In 1613, Dale seized various lands around the area where John Rolfe cultivated a salable variety of tobacco for English export for the Virginia Company of London. Tobacco became the colony’s main export and source of revenue. In 1619, the first iron furnace, and one of the first industrial developments in America, was established on Falling Creek near the James River. Other early American accomplishments included private property ownership, beginning of public education and experiments in representative government. In March 1622, Chief Wahasonacock’s successor, Chief Opechancanough, launched a coordinated attack on area settlements, many of which never recovered and were abandoned.
    [Show full text]
  • Appomattox Court House National Historical Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Appomattox Court House National Historical Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2009/145 THIS PAGE: Plain Run Branch, in Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, is one tributary of the Appomattox River (also present in the park). The boulders are Cambrian-age metamorphic rock that formed deep within the Earth, in association with the Appalachian Mountains. ON THE COVER: The rolling forested hills of the Piedmont Province of Virginia form the landscape of Appomattox Court House National HistoricalHistorical Park. The low hills contain rocks that formed deep within the Earth during the uplift of the Appalachian Mountains. NPS Photos courtesy Brian Eick (NPS APCO) Appomattox Court House National Historical Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR—2009/145 Geologic Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center P.O. Box 25287 Denver, Colorado 80225 September 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Denver, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, AMCE and AMFY Segments
    ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ12 SURVEY, AMCE AND AMFY SEGMENTS ΈSEGMENTS 17 AND 19Ή D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL October 2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project AM Jct to Centralia ‐ S Line (AMCE) and AM Jct to Fulton Yard (AMFY) Segments, Chesterfield County and City of Richmond Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project AM Jct to Centralia - S Line (AMCE) and AM Jct to Fulton Yard (AMFY) Segments, City of Richmond and Chesterfield County by Emily K. Anderson and Heather D. Staton Prepared for Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 Richmond, Virginia 23219 Prepared by DC2RVA Project Team 801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 Richmond, Virginia 23219 October 2016 November 15, 2016 Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date ABSTRACT Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the AM Jct to Centralia - S Line (AMCE) and AM Jct to Fulton Yard (AMFY) segments of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File Review #2014-0666.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution Through the Civil War General Editor: Kenneth M
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War General Editor: Kenneth M. Stampp Series M Selections from the Virginia Historical Society Part 5: Southside Virginia Associate Editor and Guide Compiled by Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 i Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Records of ante-bellum southern plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides, compiled by Martin Schipper. Contents: ser. A. Selections from the South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina (2 pts.)—[etc.]—ser. L. Selections from the Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary—ser. M. Selections from the Virginia Historical Society. 1. Southern States—History—1775–1865—Sources. 2. Slave records—Southern States. 3. Plantation owners—Southern States—Archives. 4. Southern States— Genealogy. 5. Plantation life—Southern States— History—19th century—Sources. I. Stampp, Kenneth M. (Kenneth Milton) II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Schipper, Martin Paul. IV. South Caroliniana Library. V. South Carolina Historical Society. VI. Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. VII. Maryland Historical Society. [F213] 975 86-892341 ISBN 1-55655-561-X (microfilm : ser. M, pt. 5) Compilation © 1996 by Virginia Historical Society. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-561-X. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication 85 Mining History of the Richmond Coalfield of Virginia Commonwealth of Virgi
    VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 85 MINING HISTORY OF THE RICHMOND COALFIELD OF VIRGINIA Gerald P. Wilkes COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVI LLE. VI RG I N IA 1 988 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 85 MINING HISTORY OF THE RICHMOND COALFIELD OF VIRGINIA Gerald P. Wilkes tii, 'ii COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVI LLE. VI RG INIA 1 988 FRONT COVER: Boy and haulage mule (Humphrey, 1959). VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 85 MINING HISTORY OF THE RICHMOND COALFIELD OF VIRGINIA Gerald P. Wilkes COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES. MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVI LLE. VIRG IN IA 1 988 DEPARTMENT OF MINES. MINERALS AND ENERGY RICHMOND O. Gene Dishner, Director COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF PURCHASES AND SUPPLY RICHMOND Copyright 1988 Commonwealth of Virsinia Portions of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. CONTENTS Page Abstract I Introduction I Physiographicsetting ....... 2 Geology 3 Coalfield development 6 Transportation. 8 Mining methods 9 Drilling .. .... l0 Miningaccidents .....11 Description of mines by district . 11 CarbonHilldistrict ....11 Deep Run district .... .. l8 Midlothian district ... .. 18 Clover Hill district . .. .. 29 Huguenot Springs/Manakin district . .. .. .. ... .. 3l Mines of undeterminedlocation ......35 Acknowledgements .. 36 Bibliography .. .. ... 36 Appendix I: Results of analyses of Richmond basin coal and coke.
    [Show full text]
  • Chesterfield Geologic Map
    Virginia Open File Report 10-06 Department of Geologic Map of the Chesterfield Quadrangle Mines, Minerals and Energy Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CHESTERFIELD QUADRANGLE, VIRGINIA (MIDLOTHIAN) MARK W. CARTER, AMY K. BONDURANT, AND C.R. BERQUIST, JR. DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS GEOLOGIC REFERENCE 2010 PHOTOGRAPHS (RICHMOND) SURFICIAL UNITS CATACLASTIC ROCKS SURFICIAL UNITS 77° 37’ 30’’ (BON AIR) 77° 30’ 00” 37° 30’ 00” 37° 30’ 00” 2 Modified Land – Extensive cut and/or fill related to grading and excavation. Silicified Cataclasite – White to very light-gray brecciated quartz is the 3 Widespread modified land in heavily urbanized areas not shown. Holocene. dominant rock type of this unit. Quartz fragments range from pebble- to Variable thickness. cobble-size; fractures and voids between fragments filled with botryoidal masses, 1 concentric growths, and vugs of drusy quartz crystals. Slickensides are common Alluvium – Floodplain deposits ranging from clay to gravel. Holocene to on some fracture surfaces. Locally, fragments of country rock are also common 5 Pleistocene. Variable thickness. within brecciated quartz. Silicified cataclasite is resistant to weathering and HOLOCENE erosion, and occurs as outcrops or abundant float that caps many hills within the PLEISTOCENE TO Carolina Bay – Elliptical depressions occurring above Tertiary sand and gravel QUATERNARY outcrop belt. Also included within this unit are zones of intensely fractured of the upper Chesapeake Group (Tcu) in the eastern part of the quadrangle. Interpreted to be equivalent to Carolina Bays of the central and southern outer country rock, cross-cut by abundant swarms of approximately 0.1-inch- Atlantic Coastal Plain (Goodwin and Johnson, 1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Architectural Reconnaissance Survey, WACE Segment TABLE of CONTENTS
    ARCHITECTURAL RECONNAISSANCE Rͳ13 SURVEY, WACE SEGMENT ΈSEGMENT 18Ή D.C. TO RICHMOND SOUTHEAST HIGH SPEED RAIL October 2016 Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project WAY to Centralia – A Line (WACE) Segment, Chesterfield County and City of Richmond Architectural Reconnaissance Survey for the Washington, D.C. to Richmond, Virginia High Speed Rail Project WAY to Centralia – A Line (WACE) Segment, Chesterfield County and City of Richmond by Adriana T. Lesiuk and Heather D. Station Prepared for Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation 600 E. Main Street, Suite 2102 Richmond, Virginia 23219 Prepared by DC2RVA Project Team 801 E. Main Street, Suite 1000 Richmond, Virginia 23219 October 2016 October 17, 2016 Kerri S. Barile, Principal Investigator Date ABSTRACT Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail), on behalf of the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT), conducted a reconnaissance-level architectural survey of the WAY to Centralia – A Line (WACE) segment of the Washington, D.C. to Richmond Southeast High Speed Rail (DC2RVA) project. The proposed Project is being completed under the auspices of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in conjunction with DRPT. Because of FRA’s involvement, the undertaking is required to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The project is being completed as Virginia Department of Historic Resources (DHR) File Review #2014-0666. The DC2RVA corridor is divided into 22 segments and this document focuses on the WACE segment only. This report includes background data that will place each recorded resource within context and the results of fieldwork and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) evaluations for all architectural resources identified within the WACE segment.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the Early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States
    Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the Early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States U.S. Geological Survey Circular 946 Errata for Circular 946, Proceedings of the Second U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on the Early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States Figure 2.3 (p.8) should appear as follows: Not enough flood water to cause major ponding. Coarse sediment is transported until stream loses competence. U) z U) <!: a:J Flood water causes lake to expand. River deposits its coarse-grained sediment at intersection with the expanding lake. Flood water causes lake level to rise over river level. Coarse sediment deposition migrates upstream, and the delta topset does not Mud prograde. Small flood 0~ Gravel No ponding ~ --~ Sand Not enough flood water to cause ponding. Stream shallows and seeps Mud into basin floor depositing all sediment. U) z U) Large flood <!: a:J Expanding pond Gravel w Flood water causes lake to expand, but far from the river source. c.J 0:: Coarse-grained sediment is transported until river shallows or in­ <!: __j tersects the expanding lake. Flood water does not significantly affect lake level. Delta topset builds out into the lake. FIGURE 2.3.-Process models for flood events and coarse-grained fluvial sediment distribution in closed basins. Small basins are tens to hundreds of square kilometers in size; large basins are thousands of square kilometers. Figure 15.1 (p.82) should show the line oflow-Ti02 diabase in Pennsylvania and Maryland extending down to locality 9 in the Culpeper basin, Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • An Archipelago of Coal Pits: Predicting Archeological Features in the Richmond, Virginia Coalfield
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1991 An Archipelago of Coal Pits: Predicting Archeological Features in the Richmond, Virginia Coalfield Jacqueline Louise Hernigle College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Hernigle, Jacqueline Louise, "An Archipelago of Coal Pits: Predicting Archeological Features in the Richmond, Virginia Coalfield" (1991). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625657. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-8ycx-hp66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ARCHIPELAGO OF COAL PITS: PREDICTING ARCHEOLOGICAL FEATURES IN THE RICHMOND, VIRGINIA COALFIELD A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Jacqueline L. Hemigle 1991 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Approved, May 1991 Dr. Norman F. Barka i A <T / / V \ L irginia Kerns Dr. Stephen R. Potter National Park Service Antony-Fr-€fpperman Virginia Division of Historic Resources This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandfather, Carl Spencer iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]