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U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Late logy & eo G Lu et al., J Geol Geophys 2018, 7:1 G e f o o p DOI: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000320 l h a y n s r i c u s o J Journal of Geology & Geophysics ISSN: 2381-8719 Research Article Open Access U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Sandstones in the Northwestern Junggar Basin and its Implications Xinchuan Lu1,2*, Xiangyang Xie2, Shuncun Zhang1, Arthur B Busbey2, Shengyin Zhang1, Shekuan Du1, Guoqiang Sun1 and Jian Shi1 1Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province / Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China 2School of Geology, Energy, and Environment, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX -76129, USA Abstract The Junggar Basin is a Late Carboniferous foreland basin in northwestern China surrounded by different mountain belts. The west Junggar Basin has a complicated tectonic history with multiple subduction and collision events that controlled sedimentation and basin development. In this study, absolute dating of igneous rocks, rock geochemistry, and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology were used to document the provenance of the Triassic-Jurassic clastic rocks in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin and determine local sources and tectonic setting. Granitic zircons with the youngest concordia age reveal the north Karamay pluton was formed at 292.6 ± 0.7 Ma, suggesting that they are post- collision granites. Late Triassic-Lower Early Jurassic strata were derived from Zhayier Mountain south of the Darbute fault. Starting with the Upper Early Jurassic Sangonghe Formation-Lower Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation, the strata changed from a single source to mix multiple sources. Sediment sources are widespread, including the northern Karamay granitic plutons, the area north of the Darbute fault, with potentially minor contributions from the southern margin of the Junggar Basin. Keywords: U-Pb dating; LA-ICP-MS; Provenance; Junggar Basin Geological Settings and Stratigraphy Introduction The Junggar Basin is located in the southwestern part of the CAOB and covers a total area of approximately 136,000 km2 at the junction of The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a typical pacific- the Kazakhstan, Siberia and Tarim blocks [21-23]. It is a giant intraplate type orogenic belt located among the East European, Siberian, North Meso-Cenozoic basin (Figures 1 A and B) [24]. In the Precambrian, this China and Tarim cratons [1] (Figure 1A). As the eastern margin of area lay between the Early Paleozoic Altay-Junggar-Ergun collision belt the Kazakhstan orocline, the western Junggar region provides a unique and the Late Paleozoic Tianshan-Hingganling collision belt (the eastern opportunity for studying the evolution of the CAOB [2]. Previous extension of the central Asian orogenic belt) that were controlled by studies have mainly focused on the Tianshan orogenic belt [3,4], and Altay, Junggar-east Kazakhstan and Ili-Balchas tectonics. From the the Altay orogenic belt and east Junggar tectonic activations [5,6]. Middle Devonian to the Middle Permian, the Junggar Basin became Studies have included time of formation and the tectonic history of terrestrial due to the Tianshan activity [25]. The basin is underlain orogen by using zircon dating and the geochemistry of volcanic rocks by Paleozoic oceanic crust, accretionary wedges, island-arcs, and or/and the ophiolitic mélange. Recently, there has been a surge of Precambrian crystalline basement [26,27]. Carboniferous collisions renewed research interests in west Junggar regarding the closing time lead to the formation of mountains and a foreland surrounding the of the west Junggar ocean, the tectonic evolution of the Junggar ocean basin with respect to Variscan (Hercynian) collisional episodes in and western Junggar, and intra-ocean arc subduction and continental Central Asia [14,28-30]. The juvenile Junggar Basin was formed in the growth [7-12]. Late Carboniferous after the final collision of the combined Tarim– The Junggar Basin was a foreland basin in the early Permian central Tianshan block with the northern Tianshan block by post- following the closure of a branch the Turkestan Ocean [5,13]. The collisional transcurrent tectonics during the Early and Middle Permian northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin is an important potential and flexural foreland subsidence in the Late Permian when subduction area for hydrocarbon exploration and production [14-16]. Provenance terminated [21]. However, their subsequent development was linked studies of Mesozoic to Cenozoic sandstones in the southern Junggar to the re-activation of suture zones during the Cimmerian (Indosinian Basin [3,17,18] and the hinterland of the Junggar Basin [19], and and Yanshanian) and Himalayan orogenic episodes. The subsidence northern Junggar Basin geochemistry [20] have important implications in hydrocarbon exploration in the Junggar Basin. However, most efforts have been focused on the tectonic activity of the Tianshan *Corresponding author: Xinchuan Lu, Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, orogenic belt, sedimentary records along the southern margin of basin Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, or strata older than the Carboniferous, while sediment sources in the Gansu Province, PR China, Tel: + 86-10-68597521; E-mail: [email protected] northwestern margin of Junggar Basin and the potential impact of Tianshan tectonic activity remains less constrained. Received November 20, 2017; Accepted December 11, 2017; Published December 19, 2017 In this study, a total of 14 samples were collected from the northwest Citation: Lu X, Xie X, Zhang S, Busbey AB, Zhang S, et al. (2017) U-Pb Detrital Junggar Basin near Zhayier Mountain. U-Pb detrital zircon dating, Zircon Geochronology of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Sandstones in the petrology, rock geochemistry and the U-Pb geochronology of igneous Northwestern Junggar Basin and its Implications. J Geol Geophys 7: 320. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000320 rocks were applied to document the provenance of Triassic to Jurassic clastic rocks. Results provide insight into the interaction between basin Copyright: © 2017 Lu X, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted marginal deformation belts and their control on sedimentary sources use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and along the northwestern Junggar Basin margin. source are credited. J Geol Geophys, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000320 ISSN: 2381-8719 Citation: Lu X, Xie X, Zhang S, Busbey AB, Zhang S, et al. (2017) U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Sandstones in the Northwestern Junggar Basin and its Implications. J Geol Geophys 7: 320. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000320 Page 2 of 14 Figure 1: A. Simplified tectonic divisions of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (after Gao [10]), B. Simplified geological map of western Junggar Basin (modified after (Xu [55],Yin [59]), C. Simplified geological map of Karamay (modified after 1:200000 geological map 1965 XBGMR, [50]). was due to flexural downbowing that depressed the crust under the from basin edge to inner basin (Figure 2). In the northern Junggar tectonic load of thrust sheets associated with the uplifted mountain Basin, the Zharma-Saur and Boshchekul-Chingiz volcanic arcs consist ranges [14,31]. of late Paleozoic tuffs, tuffaceous limestones and sandstones and early Paleozoic tuffaceous siltstones, tuffaceous sandstones and muddy The Karamay collision zone is a series of successive accretionary siltstones, which were intruded between 304 and 263 Ma [32,33]. These complexes separated by northwest-southeast oriented uplifts and plutons reflect the southward subduction of the Irtysh-Zaysan Ocean depressions paralleling suture lines (fault), such as the Darbute and beneath the Kazakhstan block [34]. Mayily faults (Figure 1B). The northwest Junggar Basin is bordered by the Karamay thrust belt which was formed by thrusted sequences Devonian to Carboniferous strata are mainly sandstones and of Carboniferous rocks (Figures 1 and 2). These boundary faults volcanic rocks, including basalt, andesitic basalt and andesite [2]. controlled Permian and Triassic deposition in the northwestern margin Reported SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dates of volcanic intrusions of the Junggar Basin, and the Permian and Jurassic strata thickening range from 332 to 276 Ma (Figure 1B) [32]. The Carboniferous strata J Geol Geophys, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000320 ISSN: 2381-8719 Citation: Lu X, Xie X, Zhang S, Busbey AB, Zhang S, et al. (2017) U-Pb Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Sandstones in the Northwestern Junggar Basin and its Implications. J Geol Geophys 7: 320. doi: 10.4172/2381-8719.1000320 Page 3 of 14 Figure 2: A. Architectural model of the Junggar collision zone (after from Lawrence [2]), B. Seismic section interpretation (from an internal report). are mainly composed of gray-green bedded tuffs and sandstones from the Carboniferous to Paleogene. These are the Tuziakeneigou with intrusive granite bodies. No Permian deposition exists near the section northwest of Karamay city and the Sanping section northeast Karamay, but it thickens towards the southeast (Figure 2). Lower of Karamay city (Figure 1 C). A total of 14 samples were collected, 10 Permian strata (the Jiamuhe and Fengcheng Formations) consist of samples of sandstone and conglomerate, granite and tuff were selected grayish conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones with some andesites for U-Pb zircon geochronology, and eight samples were chosen for and tuffs, with considerable dolomite in the Fengcheng Formation trace and rare elements from mudstones, granites and tuffs (Figure 4). (P1f). The middle Permian Xiazijie Formation (P2x) and the Lower Zircon grains of 10 samples, including one tuff sample (SP-1), three Wuerhe Formation (P2w) are mostly comprised of conglomerates granite samples (TZ-1, TZ-2 and SP-2) and six sandy conglomerate and sandstones.
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