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Legitimacy’ the Views Expressed in This Publication Are Solely Those of the Author and Not of the India International Centre
OCCASIONAL PUBLICATION 52 IIC Who Gets to Write History? The Question of ‘Legitimacy’ The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author and not of the India International Centre. The Occasional Publication series is published for the India International Centre by Cmde. (Retd.) R. Datta. Designed and produced by Image Print, Tel. : 91-11-41425321, 9810161228 Who Gets to Write History? The Question of ‘Legitimacy’* When I last spoke at the India International Centre, in 2007 after the publication of my biography of Gandhi, I was asked during the question period how anyone who was not a devotee of Gandhi could possibly understand him well enough to write a book about him. The chairman, Professor Madan, politely moved on to the next question before I had a chance to reply. But I wanted to reply and said to the questioner that Gandhi was an important historical figure as well as an object of devotion, and his life required the kind of scrutiny customarily given to such figures. I remember adding that though I had begun to think about the book while I was living in India, I had sometimes felt as I was writing it, after I had left India, that I was glad not to be experiencing the weight of Indian devotion to Gandhi as I wrote. That was the only occasion, to date, on which the legitimacy of my undertaking a piece of writing, my entitlement to do so, has been questioned to my face, though the poor sales and few reviews of the book suggest that some other people may have found the undertaking presumptuous. -
Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan?
Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan? Myriam Ferrier Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 19 March 2020 2020/05 © European University Institute 2020 Content and individual chapters © Myriam Ferrier, 2020 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2020/05 19 March 2020 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Rebuilding the City of Aleppo: Do the Syrian Authorities Have a Plan? Myriam Ferrier* * Myriam Ferrier is a research contributor working on the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria project (WPCS) within the Middle East Directions Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. She holds two master’s degrees in middle eastern politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) and from Science-Po Paris. Her research focuses on housing and land property (HLP) issues in Syria. -
The Jewish Discovery of Islam
The Jewish Discovery of Islam The Jewish Discovery of Islam S tudies in H onor of B er nar d Lewis edited by Martin Kramer The Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University T el A v iv First published in 1999 in Israel by The Moshe Dayan Cotter for Middle Eastern and African Studies Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978, Israel [email protected] www.dayan.org Copyright O 1999 by Tel Aviv University ISBN 965-224-040-0 (hardback) ISBN 965-224-038-9 (paperback) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Publication of this book has been made possible by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation. Cover illustration: The Great Synagogue (const. 1854-59), Dohány Street, Budapest, Hungary, photograph by the late Gábor Hegyi, 1982. Beth Hatefiitsoth, Tel Aviv, courtesy of the Hegyi family. Cover design: Ruth Beth-Or Production: Elena Lesnick Printed in Israel on acid-free paper by A.R.T. Offset Services Ltd., Tel Aviv Contents Preface vii Introduction, Martin Kramer 1 1. Pedigree Remembered, Reconstructed, Invented: Benjamin Disraeli between East and West, Minna Rozen 49 2. ‘Jew’ and Jesuit at the Origins of Arabism: William Gifford Palgrave, Benjamin Braude 77 3. Arminius Vámbéry: Identities in Conflict, Jacob M. Landau 95 4. Abraham Geiger: A Nineteenth-Century Jewish Reformer on the Origins of Islam, Jacob Lassner 103 5. Ignaz Goldziher on Ernest Renan: From Orientalist Philology to the Study of Islam, Lawrence I. -
Sung Poetry in the Oral Tradition of the Gulf Region and the Arabian Peninsula
Oral Tradition, 4/1-2 (1989): 174-88 Sung Poetry in the Oral Tradition of the Gulf Region and the Arabian Peninsula Simon Jargy Historical Background As far back as we can go in the past history of the Arabs and Arabia, we fi nd poetry present as a huge memorial to their real and imaginary heroic exploits, as a witness to their way of life and feelings, and most of all as an expression of the deepest roots of their soul. Being essentially oral in its origins and developments, this poetry, with its rhythms, intonations, accents, and long or short syllables fi tted in quite naturally with music. In the old classical Arabic terminology, poetry (Shicr) identifi es with song (Nashīd): reciting it is synonymous with singing it (Anshada al-Shicr). This bond between Shicr (poetry) and Inshād (chant or recitative) still has the same meaning in the spoken Arabic of the Peninsula and the Gulf region where Nishīda (song) is synonymous with Giṣīda (poem). In pre-Islamic Arabia, Inshād likely had a dual function: religious and social. Both stem from the rhythmical syllables of the Arabic language (rhymed prose: Sajc, and metrical poetry: Shicr), as well as from rhythmical movements of camels. Coming from ancient times, this is the Ḥidā’ (literally “stimulating the camel’s step”) that the Bedouin sings following the steps of his camel and for his own entertainment. It has survived in the actual form we call “recitative” or “cantilena,” as the common Ḥadwā still designates, in the spoken Bedouin dialect of the Gulf, the folk songs of both the desert and the sea. -
FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, and the GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu a Thesis
FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Sciences Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Umut Özsu (2011) Abstract FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE Umut Özsu Doctor of Juridical Sciences (S.J.D.) Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2011 This dissertation concerns a crucial episode in the international legal history of nation-building: the Greek-Turkish population exchange. Supported by Athens and Ankara, and implemented largely by the League of Nations, the population exchange showcased the new pragmatism of the post-1919 order, an increased willingness to adapt legal doctrine to local conditions. It also exemplified a new mode of non-military nation-building, one initially designed for sovereign but politico-economically weak states on the semi-periphery of the international legal order. The chief aim here, I argue, was not to organize plebiscites, channel self-determination claims, or install protective mechanisms for vulnerable minorities Ŕ all familiar features of the Allied Powers‟ management of imperial disintegration in central and eastern Europe after the First World War. Nor was the objective to restructure a given economy and society from top to bottom, generating an entirely new legal order in the process; this had often been the case with colonialism in Asia and Africa, and would characterize much of the mandates system ii throughout the interwar years. Instead, the goal was to deploy a unique mechanism Ŕ not entirely in conformity with European practice, but also distinct from non-European governance regimes Ŕ to reshape the demographic composition of Greece and Turkey. -
FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE and the GOLDEN TREASURY By
FRANCIS TURNER PALGRAVE AND THE GOLDEN TREASURY By MEGAN JANE NELSON M. A., Flinders University of South Australia, 1978 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of English) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 1985 (^Megan Jane Nelson, 1985 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. English Department of The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date 15 April 1985 )E-6 (3/81) ii ABSTRACT In spite of the enormous resurgence of critical interest in minor figures of the Victorian era over the last twenty years, almost no attention has been paid to Francis Turner Palgrave (1824-1897). In his own age, he was respected as a man of letters, educator, art critic, poet, friend of Alfred Tennyson, and editor of The Golden Treasury of the Best Songs and Lyrical Poems in the English Language, first published in 1861. This dissertation attempts to make good that neglect in two ways: firstly, through an analysis of his life and times, an assessment of his writings as an art and literary critic, an examination of his considerable corpus of original poetry, and the compilation of the first comprehensive bibliography of his own publications. -
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk [[file:MustafaKemalAtaturk.jpg alt=]] President Atatürk 1st President of Turkey In office 29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938 (15 years, 12 days) Prime Minister Ali Fethi Okyar İsmet İnönü Celâl Bayar Succeeded by İsmet İnönü 1st Prime Minister of Turkey In office 3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921 (0 years, 266 days) Succeeded by Fevzi Çakmak 1st Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey In office 24 April 1920 – 29 October 1923 (3 years, 219 days) Succeeded by Ali Fethi Okyar 1st Leader of the Republican People's Party In office 9 September 1923 – 10 November 1938 (15 years, 62 days) Succeeded by İsmet İnönü Personal details Born 19 May 1881 (Conventional. This date was adopted by the president himself for official purposes in the absence of precise knowledge concerning the real date.)Salonica, Ottoman Empire (present-day Thessaloniki, Greece) Died 10 November 1938 (aged 57)Dolmabahçe Palace Istanbul, Turkey Resting place Anıtkabir Ankara, Turkey Nationality Turkish Political party Committee of Union and Progress, Republican People's Party Spouse(s) Lâtife Uşaklıgil (1923–25) Religion See Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's religious views. Signature Military service Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 2 Allegiance Ottoman Empire (1893 – 8 July 1919) Republic of Turkey (9 July 1919 – 30 June 1927) Army Service/branch Rank Ottoman Empire: General (Pasha) Republic of Turkey: Mareşal (Marshal) Commands 19th Division – 16th Corps – 2nd Army – 7th Army – Yildirim Army Group – commander-in-chief of Army of the -
University Micrcxilms International 300 N
TRAVELERS' ACCOUNTS AS A SOURCE FOR THE STUDY OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY WAHHABISM. Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cooper, Lee David, 1949- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 15:03:05 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275047 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. -
Continuities and Changes in Kurdish Nationalism
Continuities and Changes in Kurdish Nationalism Sina Godamoradpoer Master Thesis in Political Science University of Amsterdam Kurdish Nationalism Continuities and Changes in Kurdish Nationalism Author: Sina Godamoradpoer Student number: 5881706 Due date: 24th of June 2016 Words: 25,600 Master Thesis in Political Science University of Amsterdam -- The picture on the First page is of a mural in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq depicting the proclamation of the Republic of Kurdistan in Mahabad. 2 Abstract: In this research it is attempted to explain the continuities and changes in Kurdish nationalism from the 1920s until the present day, this is done by employing the insights generated by the more important approaches to nationalism. These approaches are primordialism, modernism and ethno-symbolism. The method employed to this end, is the method of process tracing, which entails that evidence will be used from a detailed historical narrative to explain the outcome of interest. It is contended in this thesis that nationalism has been present in Kurdistan since at least the 1920s, the date that is considered to be the starting point of the politicization of Kurdish nationalism. Yet in those days Kurdish nationalism is not considered to have had a mass presence among ordinary Kurds. It is also observed in this research that there have been two paths that Kurdish nationalism has traversed, leading to two different variants of Kurdish nationalism, which have been named the conservative and the radical form of Kurdish nationalism. The conservative variant, which is represented by the Kurdistan Regional Government, is the type of nationalism that is less compatible with a modernist account of nationalism, the current orthodox approach to questions relating to nationalism. -
Turkey's Kurdish Question: Opportunities And
ISSN 2029-9370. REGIONAL FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, No. 2 (31) TURKEY’S KURDISH QUESTION: OPPORTUNITIES AND PREDICAMENTS Cihat Yilmaz1 Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania) AbstrACt since the foundation of the republic of turkey, the Kurdish question has been the biggest ethnic issue of turkey which became one of the important subjects in the agenda of turkey and international organizations. the question has certain impacts on the stability of the country that is today being associated with security and terror issues. Consequently the Kurdish question challenges the state and the country in the aspects of ethnic problems, human rights, democracy, as well as socio-economic and political. the aim of this article is to uncover how the Kurdish question challenges the stability in terms of turkish state and the Kurds. In this regard, the re- search engages several objectives; evaluations of approaches toward Kurdish issue, analyzing historical background, and evaluation of the issue in the present time. research methods of the paper consists of comparative analysis of decision, document analysis on the reports and agreements, descriptive method on the developments, and media analysis to engage relevant news. the main results of the research are concluded on variety aspects of the Kurdish question, such as security, terrorism, minority issue, human rights, and so on. thus, it creates certain impacts on the stability in turkey both in terms of state and the Kurds regionally and internationally. KeY words: Turkey, Kurds, PKK, Ocalan, AKP JeL Codes: K1, d74, d78 doI: Introduction Kurds are known to be the biggest ethnic group without state in the world. -
War & Independence: Trauma, Memory, and Modernity in the Young Turkish Republic (1908-1950)
War & Independence: Trauma, Memory, and Modernity in the Young Turkish Republic (1908-1950) Conference organized by The University of Utah and The Turkish Historical Society (24-25 January 2020) Place: Salt Lake City Marriott University Park 480 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108 1 Thursday, 23 Jan. 2020 Reception (19:00-20:00) and Dinner (20:00-9:30) Friday, 24 Jan. 2020 (9:00-9:30) Opening Speech: Professor Refik Turan, The President of Turkish Historical Society M. Hakan Yavuz, The University of Utah (Professor of Political Science) Panel 1: Ideas and Ideals of the Republic (9:30- 12:00) Chair: Ewa Wasilewska (University of Utah) İştar Gözaydın, (Istanbul, Turkey), “Ziya Gökalp: On Religion.” Levent Köker, (Professor Emeritus, Gazi University), “Nationalist Ambiguities: Kemalism and Islamism in Republican Turkey.” Hiroyuki Ogasawara, (Kyushu University, Japan), “Development of the Turkish Historical Thesis during the Early Period of the Republic of Turkey.” Umut Can Adisonmez (University of Kent) “From Social Survival Mechanism to “Anatolian Nationalism”: Metamorphoses of Islamic Counter-Narratives in Turkey.” 2 Brent Steele, Chair of Political Science Department “Welcoming Talk” (1:30-1:40) Panel 2: Foreign Policy of the Early Republic (13:30-15:00) Chair: Eric Hooglund (Middle East Critique) Eldar Abbasov, (History, Economics and Law Research Institute (Moscow, HELRI), “Russia- Ottoman Relations After Bolshevik Coup: From the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to the Armistice of Mondros (November 1917-October 1918).” Sevtap Demirci, (Bogazici -
Jesuits and Islam, 1540-1770 Contacto, Confrontación, Acomodo: Jesuitas E Islam, 1540-1770
AlcantaraVolXXXVI-2_Maquetación111/12/1512:02Página429 AL-QANTARA XXXVI 2, julio-diciembre 2015 pp. 429-441 ISSN 0211-3589 doi: 10.3989/alqantara.2015.012 SECCIÓN MONOGRÁFICA INTRODUCCIÓN Contact, Confrontation, Accommodation: Jesuits and Islam, 1540-1770 Contacto, Confrontación, Acomodo: Jesuitas e Islam, 1540-1770 Paul Shore University of Regina, Canada The encounter between Jesuits and Muslims in El encuentro entre jesuitas y musulmanes en los the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had as siglos XVII y XVIII tuvo como punto de cone- a point of connection the shared engagement xión el compromiso compartido con la palabra with the spoken and written word. But Jesuit hablada y escrita. Pero, los esfuerzos de los je- efforts both to convert and to understand this suitas por convertir y entender a este grupo de “people of the Book” were hampered by the Je- la “gente del Libro” se vieron obstaculizados suits’ lack of deep theological understanding of por su falta de conocimiento teológico pro- Muslim sacred texts, and by the fact that this fundo de los textos sagrados musulmanes. faith was not at a sufficient distance from the Igualmente, fue un obstáculo el hecho de que European Catholic heartland to receive the la fe musulmana no estaba a suficiente distancia “longer view” that Jesuits could apply to the re- del centro del catolicismo europeo como para ligious traditions of India and the Far East. The recibir una “visión lejana” que se aplicaba a las overstretched commitments of the Jesuits, and tradiciones religiosas de la India y el Extremo the European Society’s emphasis on polemical Oriente.