FREE RUSSO-JAPANESE NAVAL WAR 1905: V. 2 PDF

Piotr Olender | 140 pages | 19 Nov 2010 | Mushroom Model Publications | 9788361421023 | English | Poland Russo-Japanese War - Wikipedia

President Roosevelt acted as the mediator in peace talks between the Russians and the Japanese to conclude their war which Japan had won. President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. US mediation was another sign of emerging US power in the world. The Japanese and the Russians were both imperialist powers who were trying to extend their power. The Japanese were willing to compromise with the Russians, by recognizing the Russian influence over , in return the Japanese wanted the Russians to acknowledge their influence over Korea. The Russians refused to want Korea as a buffer zone. The Japanese declared war on the Russians of February 8th. However, they were not able to follow-up on their attack. The Japanese then lay to Port Arthur, eventually capturing the high ground around and sinking all of the Russian ships in the harbor using . After a Russian rescue effort failed the commander of Port Arthur surrendered to the Japanese on January 2, The war went downhill from there for the Russians lost a series of ground battles to the Japanese. In the meantime, Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 dispatched their main fleet- the Baltic fleet. It had to travel literally around the world to get to the Pacific. After a nine-month journey, it arrived in the Japan Seas, and almost all of its ships were promptly sunk in one of the most lopsided naval battles in history. The Russians had no choice but to negotiate a peace agreement. The Japanese too needed an agreement, for although they had been victorious, the war was bankrupting them. President Roosevelt offered to mediate a peace agreement between the sides in the United States. The location Portsmouth New Hampshire. The Russians sent Sergei With to lead their delegation, and the Japanese called on Baron Komura a Harvard graduate to negotiate for them. Roosevelt's goal was to balance both the Japanese and the Russians, neither of which did he want to become dominant in the Pacific, which he felt was not in the interests of the US. The war had shocked the world, for the first time an Asian country had defeated a European Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2. The victory on the battlefield had been total. Roosevelt however, managed to balance both sides. The Japanese had demanded reparation. Roosevelt sided with Russians on this issue, However the Russians were forced to cede their base in Port Arthur and half of Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 Island. Korea was also recognized as a Japanese domain. The two sides signed the Peace , which Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 the war. Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. It was another sign that America was now an important player on the world scene. Russo-Japanese War. - Wikipedia

The Kamikaze class of were the first destroyers to be mass-produced in Japan. The class is also sometimes referred to as the Asakaze class. Twenty-five vessels were ordered in ; an additional four vessels were ordered inand three more inbringing the total to thirty-two ships. The Japanese governmental shipyards were overwhelmed with the volume of construction, and for the first time civilian shipyards were also assigned to produce warships. In terms of design, the Kamikaze -class ships were substantially identical to the previous Harusame classin terms of hull design and external appearance, retaining the flush deck design with a distinctive "turtleback" forecastle inherited from the Ikazuchi Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2as well as the four- smokestack profile. However, with operational experience gained in the Russo-Japanese Warthe Kamikaze class Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 shorter smokestacks with spark and glow arrestors to give the ships a more stealthy capability for night combat operations. Armament was the similar in Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 to the previous Harusame classbut with larger secondary guns; i. Only two Kamikaze -class vessels were completed in time to see combat service in the Russo-Japanese War. Considered too small, unsuitable for heavy seas, and obsolete by the time of completion, the Kamikaze -class destroyers were quickly removed from front-line combat service after the end of the war, and were de-rated to third-class destroyers on 28 August Asatsuyu was wrecked off Nanao Bay on 9 November However, despite the re-classification, all remaining vessels saw service in . Eighteen of the remaining surviving vessels were converted into minesweepers on 1 Decemberand the others struck. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other ships with the same name, see Kamikaze-class . This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. The . Kamikaze -class destroyers. Preceded by: Harusame class Followed by: Umikaze class. Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 of destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Japanese naval ship classes of the Russo-Japanese War. Kaimon S. Kotaka S Shirataka S Hayabusa. Japanese naval ship classes of World War I. Tatsuta S Chihaya S. Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from January All articles needing additional references Articles containing Japanese-language text Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Japanese destroyer Ushio at Imperial Japanese Navy. Harusame class. Umikaze class. Yokosuka Naval ArsenalJapan. Mitsubishi shipyardsNagasakiJapan. Kawasaki DockyardsKobeJapan. Kawasaki DockyardsKobe, Japan. Osaka Iron WorksOsakaJapan. Maizuru Naval ArsenalJapan. Sasebo Naval ArsenalJapan. Minesweeper 1 Decemberrenamed W 1 August ; retired 1 June Minesweeper 1 Decemberrenamed W-8 1 August ; utility vessel 1 Russo- Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 Minesweeper 1 Decemberrenamed W-9 1 August ; utility vessel 1 June Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kamikaze class destroyer S Single ship of class C Completed after the war. Kamikaze-class destroyer () - Wikipedia

Russo-Japanese War—05military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2. China subsequently leased it to Russia. Japan won a Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 victory over Russia, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power. The war was fought largely at sea: Russia tried to prevent Japan from blockading Port Arthur, and Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 tried to prevent Russia from reinforcing its troops. Japan staged amphibious attacks on Korea and the , causing Russian forces to retreat to Mukden. In the earlythe Japanese decisively defeated the Russians. Militarists in the Japanese government felt emboldened by their Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2, and the decades after the Russo-Japanese War would see them accrue almost unchecked power. In Russia the demoralizing defeat helped spark the Russian Revolution of Theodore Roosevelt offered to mediate a peace settlement, both parties agreed. By the early 17th century, Russia had established its authority over all of Siberiabut its attempts to move southward were consistently blocked by China. Fully engaged in western Europe and against Turkey during the 18th century, Russia could not press its interests in East Asia. As the settlement of Siberia developed, however, it realized its need for outlets to the sea, and, because China continued to deny it access to the Amur region, it resorted to force toward the end of the reign of Emperor Nicholas I — In the s, Russian towns and settlements appeared Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 the left bank of the Amur Heilong River. The Chinese government made repeated protests but, because of its ongoing struggle against Great Britain and France and the internal turmoil of the Taiping Rebellionwas unable to resist Russian pressure. Finally, by the Treaty of Aigunconfirmed by the Beijing Convention,China ceded to Russia all the territory north of the Amur, together with the maritime region east of the Ussuri Wusuli River from the mouth of the Amur to the boundary of Korea. This included the splendid site where Vladivostok was soon to be founded. Russian expansionist policy was now alarming other European powers, however, and in Great Britain thwarted a Russian attempt to establish a naval base on the island of Tsushimalying between Korea and Japan. For the next 30 years Russia was content to consolidate its gains. After the accession of Nicholas II inRussian expansionist policy became more active and pronounced. However, the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War in that year demonstrated that Japan was an ascendant new power in Asia. The transformation of Japan from an isolationist feudal state into a vigorous modern power had begun in with the demise of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the Meiji emperor. The reforms of that era had been carried through with such dramatic speed that within a quarter of a century Japan was ready to assert itself against China. Although the rulers of the controlled a vast empire, China entered the latter half of the 19th century fighting a losing battle against European encroachment and weakened by internal corruption. In its foreign policyJapan aimed first at extending its authority into Korea, a state over which China had long claimed suzerainty. Its struggle with China for predominance in Korea gave rise to several crises and finally, into war. This display of Japanese power and its decisive victory over China threatened to close the door on Russia in East Asia, and it made conflict between Russia and Japan inevitable. The Russian government was quick to react to the Treaty of Shimonoseki. On the initiative of Nicholas II, Russia, Germany, and France conducted the so-called Triple Intervention, compelling Japan to give up its territorial gains in return for an increased indemnity. Nicholas, guided by Sergey Yulyevich, Count WitteRusso-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 minister of communications and finance, at once obtained a loan for China, enabling it to pay the large indemnity to Japan. In Russia concluded an alliance with China against Japan, guaranteeing the integrity of Chinese territory. Under the terms of this alliance, Russia also obtained the right to lay the eastern section of the Trans-Siberian Railway across Manchuria by way of Harbin to Vladivostok, to extend a branch line from Harbin to Mukden now and , and to administer and patrol with Russian troops a strip of territory on either side of the railway. An era of European rivalry had now begun in East Asia. Subsequently, Nicholas II himself decided to seize Port Arthur, in spite of his own guarantees of the integrity of Chinese territory and over the strong objections of his minister Witte. Witte nevertheless managed to win Chinese agreement to a lease of Port Arthur for 25 years April 8, Russia thus entered into the occupation of the Kwantung Peninsula, from which only three years earlier it had excluded Japan. The response to the steady erosion of Chinese sovereignty was the Boxer Rebellion —an officially sanctioned peasant uprising against foreigners. Japan and the European powers intervened to suppress the revolt, and Russia used the rebellion as an excuse to pour troops into Manchuria. As Japan prepared to assert its power in East Asia, it built up a modern and efficient army and navy. As a result of its recruiting law ofby January its frontline army numberedhighly trained troops. Although its reserves amounted only to somemen, Japan had gained a distinct advantage over Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 in East Asia. Including all Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 on the Manchurian railways and the small garrisons at Port Arthur and Vladivostok, Russia had only some 80, troops in the region. At the other end of the Trans-Siberian Railway, however, it had almost overwhelming manpower available, as the peacetime strength of Russo- Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 Russian army was approximately 1, men. The Japanese, of course, entertained no thought of attacking Russia itself but were concerned wholly with winning an early and decisive victory that would securely establish their hegemony in East Asia. In this strategy, they were counting on the Trans-Siberian Railway to prove inadequate to the task of bringing up timely Russian reinforcements, and their miscalculation on this score might have involved them in disaster. The Russian government was confused and unrealistic in its policy Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 up to the war with Japan and, indeed, in the conduct Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 the war itself. This fact, combined with the ineffective leadership of its troops, was, more than any other factor, responsible for its defeat. Realizing that Japan had gained preponderance in East Asia, in the summer of he recommended that Russia should abandon its projects in Manchuria and restore Port Arthur to China in return for concessions in the Vladivostok region. On the night of February 8—9,without a declaration of war, the main Japanese fleet, under the command of Adm. Yevgeny Alekseyev was viceroy and first commander in chief of the Russian forces in East Asia. Alekseyev, though a Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 of the emperor, possessed questionable judgment, and he gave Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 demoralizing order that the navy was not to risk proceeding to sea. When Adm. Stepan Osipovich Makarova brave and able officer, assumed command of the navy, he took his ships to sea daily and seriously harassed the Japanese fleet. Unfortunately for the Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 military effort, Makarov was killed on April 13, barely two months into the war, when his flagship Petropavlovsk struck a mine and sank. The Russian squadron was thereafter kept in harbour for months while the Japanese fleet lay off Port Arthur unchallenged. Thus, the Japanese fleet, although about equal in strength to the Russian Far Eastern Fleet, kept the enemy fleet divided and confined in Port Arthur and Vladivostok. Without waiting to gain command of the sea, the Japanese had begun Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 March transporting their under the command of Gen. On May 1 the Japanese attacked and, after bitter fighting, defeated the Russians. Japanese losses were about 1, men out of a force of 40, while Russian losses were 2, out of a force of 7, troops engaged in this action. A public outcry against Alekseyev as commander in chief compelled Nicholas to send Kuropatkin to take over the command, although Alekseyev remained as viceroy. Kuropatkin had proved a competent minister of war but was to show himself sadly irresolute and passive as a commander in the field. His policy was to avoid action wherever possible until he had significant superiority in numbers. He placed his forces so that they could delay the enemy and then retire to positions prepared in the rear. Yasukata Oku, landed on the Kwantung Peninsula. Nogi Maresukewhich was to operate against Port Arthur. A further division, to form the nucleus of the , under Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2. Michitsura Nodzu, was landed on the Manchurian coast. Kuropatkin was disturbed by this enemy concentration. He ordered preparations to make Mukden a stronghold to which he could retreat, but at this time he received an order, signed by the emperor himself, impressing on him that the fate of Port Arthur was his direct responsibility. Kuropatkin therefore disposed his main forces south of Mukden around . But at Fu-hsien now Wafangdian on Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 14 the Japanese, with 35, men, decisively defeated a 25,strong Russian army. The Japanese then advanced in three columns on Liaoyang, where the main Russian force, under Kuropatkin, had retired and taken up strong positions. Even an unexpected sortie of the Russian naval squadron at Port Arthur, which for a time paralyzed the Japanese land offensive, and then the sudden appearance of the Russian Vladivostok squadron in the straits of Tsushima, which added to the anxieties of the Japanese high command, did not embolden the Russian command to adopt more aggressive tactics. On August 25 the was joined, and, after nine days of stubborn fighting, the Japanese won a significant victory in spite of inferior numbers:againstRussians. Nevertheless, their loss of some 23, Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 faced them with serious difficulties, for they had limited trained reserves. The Russians, meanwhile, had withdrawn in good order toward Mukden, where they were now receiving reinforcements via the Trans-Siberian Railway at the rate of 30, men per month. Realizing that the Japanese were nearing the end of their resources while the Russian army was gaining in strength, Kuropatkin resolved now to take the offensive. Despite this Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2, more assertive strategy, Kuropatkin made careful preparations to hold Mukden, which, as the capital of Manchuria, had special political importance. Both might have been decisive victories for Russia had Kuropatkin and his senior officers been more resolute and aggressive, but, in the event, both battles proved indecisive. Meanwhile, at Port Arthur the Japanese found the Russian garrison much stronger than they had expected. The Russian defenders had done much to fortify their position with breastworks and barbed wireand they possessed several machine guns. After making several very costly attempts to take the fortress, Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 Japanese abandoned general assaults and resorted to siege tactics. The dragging-on of these operations distressed the Japanese command, for it not only tied down their , which they needed urgently in the main theatre of war, but it also lowered the morale of their troops in Manchuria. Russian machine guns took a vicious toll on the Japanese attackers, who suffered very heavy casualties as a result of the storming tactics to which they had once again resorted. Observers from the armies of western Europe and the United States were embedded with both the Japanese and the Russians, and the effect of machine gun fire on massed assaults was gruesomely apparent to all. However, the lessons of Port Arthur would go largely unheeded by European commanders, who would replicate the same sanguinary tactics on the Western Front during World War I. Among the Russian commanders at Port Arthur there was serious disagreement. Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 urged surrender, while others insisted that the garrison must resist to the end. On January 2,Lieut. Anatoly Stesselthe commander of the fortress, sent out the white flag without conferring with his officers and thus surrendered Port Arthur. The surrender was regarded as an act of either incompetence or treachery, for the fortress contained provisions for over three months and adequate supplies of ammunition. The final and greatest land battle of the war was fought for Mukden February 19—March 10, Again Kuropatkin decided to attack, but this time the Japanese forestalled him. Three Russian armies faced the Japanese—from right to left, the Second under Gen. Alexander von Kaulbarsthe Third under Gen. Alexander Bilderlingand the First under Gen. Nikolai Linevich —comprisingmen and 1, guns in all. This force held firm against three Japanese armies under the command of Marshal Iwao Oyama, who hadmen and 1, guns. After long and stubborn fighting and Russo-Japanese Naval War 1905: v. 2 casualties, Kuropatkin decided to draw off his troops to the north, a movement he carried out successfully, but it left Mukden to fall into the hands of the Japanese. Losses in this battle were exceptionally heavy, approximately 89, Russians and 71, Japanese having fallen.