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2009 WA MUSEUM ALA FELLOWSHIP PLACEMENT: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND CORROSION STUDY IN GEOGRAPHE BAY Edited by Wendy van Duivenvoorde Report—Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, No. 250 2011 First published 2011 Department of Maritime Archaeology Shipwreck Galleries Western Australian Museum 45–47Cliff Street FREMANTLE Western Australia 6160 Enquiries should be to the publisher. © 2011 Western Australian Museum Cover design: Wendy van Duivenvoorde Typesetting: Wendy van Duivenvoorde 2009 WA MUSEUM ALA FELLOWSHIP PLACEMENT: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND CORROSION STUDY IN GEOGRAPHE BAY Edited by Wendy van Duivenvoorde Report—Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, No. 250 2011 2 To Worrawit Hassapak Whose vibrant personality and infectious smile lifted our spirits and warmed our hearts 3 CONTRIBUTORS Sophorn Kim Head of Cultural Heritage Office Department of Culture and Fine Arts Battambang Province CAMBODIA NR 10, Kamakar Village, Svaypor Commune Battambang District, Battambang Province Battambang Museum Email: [email protected] CAMBODIA Phone: (855) 16 896727 Jeremy Green Head of Department Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum 45–47 Cliff Street Fremantle, WA 6160 Email: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 (0)8 9431 8440 Michael McCarthy Senior Curator Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum 45–47 Cliff Street Fremantle, WA 6160 Email: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 (0)8 9431 8436 Ross Anderson Curator Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australian Museum 45–47 Cliff Street Fremantle, WA 6160 Email: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 (0)8 9431 8442 Vicki Richards Conservation Scientist/Research Chemist Department of Materials Conservation Shipwreck Galleries Western Australian Museum 45–47 Cliff Street Fremantle, WA 6160 Email: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 (0)8 9431 8472 Wendy van Duivenvoorde Lecturer in Maritime Archaeology Department of Archaeology Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001 E-mail: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 (0)8 8201 5195 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.......................................................................................................... 9 List of Tables........................................................................................................... 11 1. Introduction......................................................................................................... 12 2009 ALA Fellowship placement at the Western Australian Museum 12 Program outline 13 ALA Fellowship Placement: Introductory day 15 Underwater cultural heritage management workshop 15 Visitation WA Museum sites 16 Rottnest Island: Underwater cultural heritage and outreach program 16 Underwater cultural heritage issues in the Perth metropolitan area 17 Archaeological fieldwork and survey in Geographe Bay 18 General comment 19 In this report 19 2. Report from an ALA Fellow (by Sophorn Kim).................................................... 20 Acknowledgements 20 Two-week placement: a personal impression 20 3. Cultural Heritage sites in the ALA Fellowship study region (by Michael McCarthy) ................................................................................. 23 Jetties 23 Background 23 Ports and port-related structures and jetties defined 23 The jetty examined 24 Jetties in the ALA Fellowship study region 26 Busselton jetty 26 Quindalup jetty 28 Wonnerup jetty site and tramway 30 Shipwrecks 31 The Deadwater (Wonnerup) wreck 31 Governor Endicott (1819–1840) 31 Halcyon (1819–1844) 32 Geffrard 32 Mary (1868–1879) 32 Whaling sites 33 4. Archaeological site inspections (by Ross Anderson).......................................... 34 Wonnerup jetty and Mary shipwreck sites 34 Quindalup jetties site inspection 34 5. Quindalup remote sensing survey (by Jeremy Green)........................................ 41 Introduction 41 The survey 41 Conclusions 43 6. Busselton jetty: On-site conservation survey report (by Vicki Richards)............ 44 Site location and survey 44 Personnel 47 5 Weather and sea conditions 48 Description 48 General observations 48 Degree of site exposure 49 Seasonal exposure 50 Human disturbance 50 Conservation survey results: Metal survey 50 Ferrous Materials 50 Conservation survey results: Organic survey 51 Wood 51 Sediment 56 Discussion 56 7. Quindalup jetty: On-site conservation survey report (by Vicki Richards)........... 58 Site location and survey 58 Personnel 61 Weather and sea conditions 61 Description 62 General observations 62 Degree of site exposure 63 Seasonal exposure 64 Human disturbance 66 Conservation survey results: Metal survey 67 Ferrous materials 67 Conservation survey results: Organic survey 71 Wood 71 Sediment 73 Discussion 75 Appendix A.............................................................................................................. 77 Appendix B.............................................................................................................. 78 References.............................................................................................................. 79 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 ALA fellows and participants of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 15 Management Workshop. (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum). Figure 1-2 Patrick Baker, Worrawit Hassapak, and Chandraratne Wijamunige 17 diving on the City of York shipwreck, Rottnest Island. (Photograph: R. Anderson, WA Museum) Figure 1-3 Dunsborough fieldwork participants (25–28 February 2009), back 18 row (l–r): Jon Carpenter, Vicki Richards, Ross Anderson, Michael McCarthy, Wendy van Duivenvoorde, Corioli Souter; front row (l-r): Sophorn Kim, Worrawit Hassapak, Chandraratne Wijamunige. (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 2-1 Tour through the Maritime Museum in Fremantle by Sally May, 20 head of the Department of Maritime History. (Photograph: W. Van Duivenvoorde, WA Museum) Figure 2-2 Climate-control at WA Museum’s collection facilities in Welshpool 20 during a tour by Ian McLeod. (Photograph: S. Kim) Figure 2-3 Workshop in Underwater Cultural Heritage Management. Lecture 21 by Ross Anderson in the attic of the Maritime Archaeology Department, Shipwreck Galleries, WA Museum. (Photograph: W. Van Duivenvoorde, WA Museum) Figure 2-4 Workshop in Underwater Cultural Heritage Management. Lecture 21 by Joel Gilman in the attic of the Maritime Archaeology Department, Shipwreck Galleries, WA Museum. (Photograph: W. Van Duivenvoorde, WA Museum) Figure 2-5 Working in the Rottnest Island Museum on the condition reports of 21 the maritime archaeological artefacts on display. (Photograph: S. Kim) Figure 2-6 With Michael McCarty in the Busselton jetty observatory. 21 (Photograph: W. van Duivenvoorde, WA Museum) Figure 3-1 Busselton jetty, Busselton, WA. 27 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 3-2 Historical photographs of the 1854 Quindalup jetty in the Volunteer 29 Sea Rescue building (1941 and 1946). (Photograph: W. Van Duivenvoorde, WA Museum) Figure 4-1 The Quindalup boat ramp jetty and Volunteer Sea Rescue. 34 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-2 Quindalup boat ramp jetty and Volunteer Sea Rescue building with 35 snorkeler and dive flags in the foreground showing the location of historic jetty debris. (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-3 Quindalup boat ramp jetty with historic jetty pylon visible on right. 35 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-4 Team planning dive on the Quindalup historic jetty remains. 36 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-5 Railway iron of Quindalup historic jetty. 37 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-6 Railway wheels from Quindalup historic jetty. 37 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) 7 Figure 4-7 Close up of bogey from Quindalup historic jetty. 38 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-8 Side view of bogey from Quindalup historic jetty. 38 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-9 Buried timber from Quindalup historic jetty. 39 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-10 Railway bogey from Quindalup historic jetty. 39 Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 4-11 Thick sea grass covering Quindalup historic jetty remains. 40 (Photograph: P. Baker, WA Museum) Figure 5-1 The location of the Geffrard shipwreck on Archdeacon’s 1876 41 map—geo-referenced and superimposed over aerial photograph of the Quindalup survey area. (ArchGIS: J. Green, WA Museum) Figure 5-2 Magnetometer data of the survey at Quindalup showing the survey 42 lanes in search of the whaler shipwreck. The purple dots indicate the boat’s survey track, the two large contours anomalies in red are the jetty and an unknown site. (ArchGIS: J. Green, WA Museum) Figure 5-3 Side-scan sonar survey in the area of Geffrard shipwreck. 42 (ArchGIS: J. Green, WA Museum) Figure 6-1 Busselton jetty, Busselton, WA. (Google Earth 2009) 44 Figure 6-2 Visitors inside the Underwater Observatory. 45 (Photograph: R. Anderson) Figure 6-3 The approximate position of the survey area adjacent to the 45 Underwater Observatory, Busselton jetty. (Google Earth 2009) Figure 6-4 Under water view of the seaward side of the Observatory and 46 colonised wooden piles from the Busselton jetty. (Photograph: R. Anderson, WA Museum) Figure 6-5 Survey pile approximately 10m north east from the seaward side of 46 the Observatory. (Photograph: R. Anderson, WA Museum) Figure 6-6 Marine growth on historical wooden piles, Busselton jetty. 46 (Photograph: R. Anderson,