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The Implications of the Arad Temple for the Question of Dating P Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 1992 The Implications of the Arad Temple for the Question of Dating P Jorge Luiz Da Silva Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Recommended Citation Da Silva, Jorge Luiz, "The Implications of the Arad Temple for the Question of Dating P" (1992). Master's Theses. 34. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/34 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. 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Order Number 1S4818S The implications of the Arad temple for the question ofP dating da Silva, Jorge Luiz, M.A. Andrews University, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by da Silva, Jorge Luis. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ARAD TEMPLE FOR THE QUESTION OF DATING P A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Jorge Luiz da Silva April 1992 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ARAD TEMPLE FOR THE QUESTION OF DATING P A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts by Jorge Luiz da Silva APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: \ (Y\- Richard M. Davidson, Ph.D. It / f a w / ? w. Yourueer, M.A. Date approved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Copyright by Jorge Luiz da Silva 1992 ® All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ARAD TEMPLE FOR THE QUESTION OF DATING P by Jorge Luiz da Silva Adviser: J. Bjarnar Storfjell Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title; THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE ARAD TEMPLE FOR THE QUESTION OF DATING P Name of researcher: Jorge Luiz da Silva Name and degree of faculty adviser: J. Bjornar Storfjell, Ph.D. Date completed: May 1992 Purpose The P material— writings and traditions— has generally been dated mainly on the basis of literary analysis of the Hebrew Bible. This study seeks to determine the implications of the Arad temple— which constitutes a body of non-literary, archaeological evidence— for the question of dating P. Methodology The P Tabernacle, the Solomonic Temple— and those Canaanite temples which are comparable to them— are typologically analyzed in order to identify the most probable determinants of the Arad temple traits. A review Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. of selected critical literature is made in order to determine the prevailing theories on the date of P and how the finds from Tel Arad relate to them. Conclusions There are more parallels between the Arad temple and the P Tabernacle than between them and any other temple in Syro-Palestine, including the Solomonic Temple. The evidence suggests that the P traditions provided the basic criteria for selecting the traits of the Arad temple. Considering that the Arad temple was built in the tenth century B.C., it is concluded that the P traditions originated sometime prior to that date. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To Ivani and Julie Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................. 1 The Research Problem........................ l The Research Methodology.................... 4 The Archaeology of the Arad Temple.......... 5 Chronology ............................. 6 The "Solomonic" City G a t e ............ 7 The Ostraca .......................... 7 The Pottery .......................... 3 Shishak's Inscription ................ 8 Biblical Parallels.................... 8 Ethnicity............................... 11 Hebrew Ostraca........................ 11 Time and Location.................... 12 Plan and Contents of the Temple .... 13 History of the Temple ................ 13 Function............................... 15 Isolation............................ 15 Exotic Materials...................... 15 Continuity............................ 16 Parallels............................ 16 Finds................................... 17 2. DETERMINANTS OF THE ARAD TEMPLE TRAITS ......... 20 Temple Spatial Arrangement.................. 23 The P Temple Type........................ 23 A Tripartite Cultic Area.............. 24 A Linear Positioning of the Three Sections.......................... 24 A Concealed Holy of Holies............ 25 Alleged Differences Between the Arad Temple and the P T y p e ................ 25 The Main R oom ........................ 26 The Adytum............................ 27 The Vestibule........................ 29 Alleged Prototypes of the P Temple Type. 31 The Great Temple D at E b l a .......... 32 Temple 7300 at Shechem................ 34 Alalakh Level I Temple................ 36 Hazor Area H Temples.................. 38 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Tell Taynat Temple..................... 40 Temple Orientation........................... 42 Temple Contents ............................. 46 Jachin and Boaz........................... 47 Masseboth................................. 49 Bamah..................................... 54 Incense Altars ........................... 56 Iconography............................... 58 Burnt-Offering Altar ..................... 60 Temple Measurements and Proportions ......... 62 The Temple's Width ...................... 62 The Proportions of the Main H a l l ........ 64 The Dimensions of the Burnt-Offering Altar................................. 65 3. THE P TRADITIONS AND THE ARAD SANCTUARY........ 69 J. Wellhausen's Views on the P Tabernacle . 70 The P Tabernacle in the Post-Wellhausen Era . 76 H. Gunkel................................. 77 The Albright School....................... 78 M. Noth................................... 80 G. von R a d ............................... 82 The P Tabernacle in the RecentDebate .... 84 A. S. Kapelrud........................... 86 P. J. Kearney............................. 87 H. H a r a n ................................. 88 The Arad Sanctuary and the Date of P ......... 90 The Date of the Tradition.................. 90 The Content of the Tradition.............. 96 The Transmission of the Tradition......... 99 4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.......................... 101 Summary of Chapter 2.......................... 101 Trait Patterns............................ 102 Pattern A .............................. 102 Pattern B .............................. 103 Pattern C .............................. 103 Pattern D .............................. 104 Pattern E .............................. 104
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