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California Fish and Wildlife Journal, Special CESA Issue, 2021

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California Fish and Wildlife Journal, Special CESA Issue, 2021 California Fish and Wildlife SPECIAL ISSUE red Species Act: Succ ia Endange esses and C aliforn hallen The C ges Journal for the Conservation and Management of California’s Species and Ecosystems STATE OF CALIFORNIA Gavin Newsom, Governor CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY Wade Crowfoot, Secretary for Natural Resources FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Eric Sklar, President Jacque Hostler-Carmesin, Vice President Russell Burns, Member Peter S. Silva, Member Samantha Murray, Member Melissa Miller-Henson, Executive Director DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE Charlton “Chuck” Bonham, Director CALIFORNIA FISH AND WILDLIFE EDITORIAL STAFF Ange Darnell Baker ...........................................................................Editor-in-Chief Lorna Bernard ...........................Office of Communication, Education and Outreach Neil Clipperton, Scott Osborn, Laura Patterson, Dan Skalos, Katherine Miller Karen Converse, Kristin Denryter, Matt Meshiry, Megan Crane, and Justin Dellinger ................................................. Wildlife Branch Felipe La Luz and Ken Kundargi ........................................................ Water Branch Jeff Rodzen, Jeff Weaver, John Kelly, and Erica Meyers ............... Fisheries Branch Cherilyn Burton, Katrina Smith, and Grace Myers .......................................... Habitat Conservation Planning Branch Kevin Fleming ...............................................Watershed Restoration Grants Branch Jeff Villepique and Steve Parmenter ...................................... Inland Deserts Region James Ray and Peter McHugh ...........................................................Marine Region David Wright and Mario Klip ................................................. North Central Region Ken Lindke, Robert Sullivan, and Jennifer Olson .......................... Northern Region Lauren Damon .............................................................................. Bay Delta Region Randy Lovell ...........................................................................Aquaculture Program Jennifer Nguyen ........................................................................... Cannabis Program California Fish and Wildlife SPECIAL ENDANGERED SPECIES ISSUE Published Quarterly by STATE OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA NATURAL RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND WILDLIFE ISSN: 2689-419X (print) ISSN: 2689-4203 (online) --LDA-- California Fish and Wildlife Journal The California Fish and Wildlife Journal is published quarterly by the Califor- nia Department of Fish and Wildlife. It is a journal devoted to the conservation and understanding of the flora and fauna of California and surrounding areas. If its contents are reproduced elsewhere, the authors and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife would appreciate being acknowledged. Please direct correspondence to: Ange Darnell Baker Editor-in-Chief California Fish and Wildlife [email protected] Inquiries regarding the reprinting of articles and publishing in future issues can be directed to the Subscription Manager via email at [email protected]. Alternate communication format is available upon request. If reasonable accommodation is needed, call 916-322-8911 or the California Relay (Telephone) Service for the deaf or hearing-impaired from TDD phones at 800-735-2929. Contents Editors for this issue ........................................................................................................ 8 Introduction RICHARD MACEDO ..................................................................................................... 11 WAYNE D. SPENCER AND JERRE ANN STALLCUP, ............................................... 13 Species Listed Under the California Endangered Species Act ................................... 15 CESA Policy and Regulations Process for listing under the California Endangered Species Act ............................. 27 An overview of the listing process under the California Endangered Species Act PAUL S. WEILAND, STEPHANIE N. CLARK, AND ASHLEY J. REMILLARD ............................................................................................ 28 The Explicit Integration of Species Conceptual Models and Species Distribution Models as a Best Practice for Systematic Conservation Planning in California MONICA D. PARISI AND STEVEN E. GRECO ....................................................... 41 Development of ecologically meaningful, multiple-species conservation strategies under the California and U.S. Endangered Species Acts ERICA FLEISHMAN, T. LUKE GEORGE, ERIC C. HANSEN, AND JULIE HEINRICHS ....................................................................................................... 61 Plants Status of the Amargosa niterwort (Amaranthaceae) in California and Nevada NAOMI SUZANNE FRAGA, ALICE L. MILLER, SARAH J. DE GROOT, COREY LEE, CHRISTINA L. LUND, AND KARA MOORE-O’LEARY .............. 78 Invertebrates A conservation conundrum: protecting bumble bees under the California Endangered Species Act RICHARD G. HATFIELD AND SARINA JEPSEN .................................................. 98 Phylogenetic relationships among subclades within the Trinity bristle snail species complex, riverine barriers, and re-classification ROBERT M. SULLIVAN ............................................................................................ 107 Fish The value of long-term monitoring of the San Francisco Estuary for Delta Smelt and Longfin Smelt TRISHELLE L. TEMPEL, TIMOTHY D. MALINICH, JILLIAN BURNS, ARTHUR BARROS, CHRISTINA E. BURDI, AND JAMES A. HOBBS ............ 148 6 Protecting a displaced species in an altered river: a case study of the endangered Sacramento River winter-run Chinook Salmon ERICA M. MEYERS ..................................................................................................... 172 Assessing the distribution and abundance of larval Longfin Smelt:What can a larval monitoring program tell us about the distribution of a rare species? MICHAEL EAKIN ...................................................................................................... 189 Amphibians Foothill yellow-legged frog breeding biology in a semi-regulated river, Humboldt County, CA MICHAEL VAN HATTEM, WILLIAM T. BEAN, PAIRSA BELAMARIC, HOLLY GAMBLIN, JENNIE JONES SCHERBINSKI, JENNIFER OLSON, ALYSSA SEMERDJIAN, KATRINA SMITH, AND IVY WIDICK ...................... 205 Notes on reproduction of black toads from California STEPHEN R. GOLDBERG ........................................................................................ 221 Salvage and translocation of endangered Santa Cruz long-toed salamander larvae TERRIS KASTEEN, MARK L. ALLABACK, DAVID M. LAABS, CHAD MIT- CHAM, KELLI CAMARA, AND CHRIS CARIS ................................................... 225 Use of atypical aquatic breeding habitat by the California tiger salamander JEFF A. ALVAREZ, MARY A. SHEA, SARAH M. FOSTER, AND JEFFERY T. WILCOX ...................................................................................... 235 Reptiles Forty years later: monitoring and status of the endangered Coachella Valley fringe- toed lizard CAMERON W. BARROWS AND SCOTT A. HEACOX ........................................ 243 Observations on the phenology of the threatened Alameda whipsnake JEFF A. ALVAREZ, DEREK S. JANSEN, CYNDY SHAFFER, AND JOSEPH DIDONATO .................................................................................................. 258 A tale of two valleys: endangered species policy and the fate of the giant gartersnake BRIAN J. HALSTEAD, PATRICIA VALCARCEL, RICHARD KIM, ANNA C. JORDAN, JONATHAN P. ROSE, SHANNON M. SKALOS, GABRIEL A. REYES, JULIA S. M. ERSAN, MICHAEL L. CASAZZA, ALLISON M. ESSERT, AND ALEXANDRIA M. FULTON .................................. 264 Birds Owens Valley nesting willow flycatcher under pressure LACEY GREENE, ELSBETH OTTO, AND CHRIS MCCREEDY ....................... 286 Small Mammals Current status of the Mohave ground squirrel: an update covering the period 2013–2020 PHILIP LEITNER ........................................................................................................ 300 CONTENTS 7 Home range and movements of San Joaquin antelope squirrels in the San Joaquin Desert of California DAVID J. GERMANO, GALEN B. RATHBUN, LAWRENCE R. SASLAW, AND BRIAN L. CYPHER ...................................................................................................... 317 Population ecology and survivorship of San Joaquin antelope squirrels in grazed and control plots in the San Joaquin Desert of California DAVID J. GERMANO, LAWRENCE R. SASLAW, GALEN B. RATHBUN, AND BRIAN L. CYPHER ...................................................................................................... 329 Conservation of threatened San Joaquin antelope squirrels: distribution surveys, habitat suitability, and conservation recommendations BRIAN L. CYPHER, ERICA C. KELLY, REAGEN O’LEARY, SCOTT E. PHILLIPS, LAWRENCE R. SASLAW, ERIN N. TENNANT, AND TORY L. WESTALL ........... 345 Development of a morphological key for the southern salt marsh harvest mouse using genetically verified individuals MARK J. STATHAM, LAUREEN BARTHMAN-THOMPSON, SUSAN FRESQUEZ, AND BEN N. SACKS ............................................................... 367 Conservation of endangered Tipton kangaroo rats (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides): status surveys, habitat suitability, and conservation recommendations BRIAN L. CYPHER, SCOTT E. PHILLIPS, TORY L. WESTALL, ERIN N. TENNANT, LAWRENCE R. SASLAW, ERICA C. KELLY, AND
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