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Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego PRZEGLĄD BEZPIECZEŃSTWA WEWNĘTRZNEGO WARSZAWA 23 (12) 2020 Rada naukowa prof. dr hab. Brunon Hołyst dr hab. Krzysztof Indecki prof. dr hab. Andrzej Mania prof. dr hab. Stanisław Sulowski prof. dr hab. Sebastian Wojciechowski prof. dr hab. Konstanty A. Wojtaszczyk Recenzenci PBW 23 dr hab. Robert Borkowski dr Piotr Chorbot dr Rafał Leśkiewicz dr hab. Ryszard Machnikowski prof. dr hab. Piotr Majer dr Krzysztof Malesa dr hab. Bronisław Młodziejowski prof. dr hab. Andrzej Misiuk dr Witold Ostant dr hab. Grzegorz Tylec dr Michał Wojnowski prof. dr hab. Waldemar Zubrzycki INTERNAL SECURITY REVIEW WARSAW 23 (12) 2020 Zespół redakcyjny Anna Przyborowska (redaktor naczelna) Elżbieta Dąbrowska (sekretarz Redakcji) Grażyna Osuchowska, Anna Przyborowska (redakcja) Aneta Olkowska, Grażyna Osuchowska, Izabela Paczesna, Anna Przyborowska (korekta) Agnieszka Dębska, Aneta Olkowska (skład) Przekład artykułów na język angielski Magdalena Popowska © Copyright by Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego Centralny Ośrodek Szkolenia i Edukacji im. gen. dyw. Stefana Roweckiego „Grota” w Emowie 2020 ISSN 2080-1335 Wszystkie artykuły zamieszczone w czasopiśmie są recenzowane All the articles published in the magazine are subject to reviews Deklaracja o wersji pierwotnej: Wersja drukowana czasopisma jest jego wersją pierwotną Wersja online czasopisma jest dostępna na stronie www.abw.gov.pl Wszystkie artykuły zamieszczone w numerze wyrażają poglądy autorów „Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego” (PBW) można odnaleźć w Index Copernicus Journal Master List z liczbą 59,68 punktu. Czasopismo jest również dostępne w bazach: Central European Journal of Social Science and Humanities i Polska Bibliografia Naukowa (PBN) Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego Centralny Ośrodek Szkolenia i Edukacji im. gen. dyw. Stefana Roweckiego „Grota” w Emowie ul. Nadwiślańczyków 2, 05-462 Wiązowna Redakcja tel. (+48) 22 58 58 613 fax. (+48) 22 58 58 645 e-mail: [email protected] www.abw.gov.pl Numer zamknięto i oddano do druku w grudniu 2020 r. Druk: Biuro Logistyki Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego ul. Rakowiecka 2A, 00-993 Warszawa tel. (+48) 22 58 57 657 SPIS TREŚCI Wspomnienie o dr. hab. Jerzym Koniecznym 9 I. ARTYKUŁY I ROZPRAWY Krzysztof Izak Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na radykalizację postaw i terroryzm 13 Rafał J. Kruszyński USA–ChRL: konflikt konieczny? 48 Jolanta Darczewska Rosgwardia: gwardia narodowa czy policja wewnętrzna? 69 Michał Wojnowski Konflikty na tle rasowym jako narzędzie destrukcji Stanów Zjednoczonych w działaniach rosyjskich służb wywiadowczych 109 Dariusz Pożaroszczyk Zjawisko Initial Coin Offering (ICO) w kontekście wybranych przepisów karnych: ustawy prawo bankowe, ustawy o obrocie instrumentami finansowymi i ustawy o ofercie publicznej 153 Remigiusz Lewandowski Strategiczne wyzwania dla wytwórców banknotów i dokumentów w kontekście bezpieczeństwa państwa 176 Tomasz Safjański Działania Interpolu – charakter prawny, systematyka oraz próba oceny skuteczności 195 Leszek Wiszniewski Zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi w służbach specjalnych na przykładzie Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego oraz Agencji Wywiadu – wybrane aspekty 217 Piotr Kęsek Uprawnienia śledcze Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego jako instrument w działaniach służących poprawie bezpieczeństwa państwa 239 Piotr Kosmaty Strzał ratunkowy jako okoliczność wyłączająca bezprawność czynu 254 6 | Spis treści Bartosz Jagodziński Operacje specjalne a konwencjonalne 271 II. RECENZJE Krzysztof Izak Anna Zasuń, Polityczny islam 289 III. PRZEGLĄD PRAC KONKURSOWYCH Jan Waszewski Koniec prywatności a spory wokół big data, mediów społecznościowych i neuronauki 305 Amelia Tomalska Ewaluacja celów ataku terrorystycznego w przestrzeni publicznej przy zastosowaniu modelu EVIL DONE 333 IV. WYBRANE ARTYKUŁY W JĘZYKU ANGIELSKIM Krzysztof Izak Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radicalization and terrorism 353 Jolanta Darczewska Rosgvardiya: National Guard or Internal Police? 382 O autorach 417 Informacje dla autorów czasopisma „Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego” i serii Biblioteka Przeglądu Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego 419 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Memoir Note about Jerzy Konieczny 9 I. ARTICLES AND DISSERTATIONS Krzysztof Izak Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radicalization and terrorism 13 Rafał J. Kruszyński The US – China: is the conflict necessary? 48 Jolanta Darczewska Rosgvardiya: National Guard or Internal Police? 69 Michał Wojnowski Racial conflicts as the destruction tool of the United States in the Russian intelligence services activities 109 Dariusz Pożaroszczyk Initial Coin Offering (ICO) phenomenon in selected criminal law provisions: the Banking Law Act, the Financial Instruments Trading Act and the Public Offering Act 153 Remigiusz Lewandowski Strategic challenges for banknotes and documents producers in terms of state security 176 Tomasz Safjański Interpol’s operational activities – an attempt to systemize and assess the effectiveness 195 Leszek Wiszniewski Human resources management in secret services on the example of the Internal Security Agency and Intelligence Agency – selected aspects 217 Piotr Kęsek Investigative powers of the Internal Security Agency as a tool to improve state security 239 Piotr Kosmaty Precision shot as a circumstance excluding criminal responsibility 254 Bartosz Jagodziński Special and conventional operations 271 8 | Table of contents II. REVIEWS Krzysztof Izak Anna Zasuń, Polityczny islam 289 III. OVERVIEW OF THE WORKS Jan Waszewski The end of privacy and disputes concerning big data, social media and neuroscience 305 Amelia Tomalska Evaluation of terrorist attack targets in public space using the model of EVIL DONE 333 IV. SELECTED ARTICLES IN ENGLISH Krzysztof Izak Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radicalization and terrorism 353 Jolanta Darczewska Rosgvardiya: National Guard or Internal Police? 382 About authors 418 Information for the authors of "The Internal Security Review" journal and the Library of Internal Security Review series 419 Wspomnienie o dr. hab. Jerzym Koniecznym W dniu 28 lipca 2020 r. w wieku 69 lat zmarł dr hab. Jerzy Konieczny, szef Urzędu Ochrony Państwa w latach 1992–1993. Jerzy Konieczny urodził się 12 sier- pnia 1950 r. Ukończył chemię na Wydziale Matematyki, Fizyki i Chemii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach oraz prawo na Wy- dziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Jego zainteresowania na- ukowe znalazły odzwierciedlenie w pracy doktorskiej pt. Ekspertyza dokumentów spo- rządzonych pismem ręcznym na papierze syntetycznym, obronionej w 1979 r. na Uni- wersytecie Wrocławskim. W 1990 r. uzyskał stopień doktora habilitowanego nauk praw- nych na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, na podstawie rozprawy pt. Pojęcia prawdopodobieństwa ze stanowiska procesu karnego i kryminalistyki. W latach 1988–1989 Jerzy Konieczny był kierownikiem Zakładu Kryminalistyki Instytutu Ekspertyz Sądowych w Krakowie. Od sierpnia 1990 r. do lutego 1991 r. był dyrektorem Delegatury Urzędu Ochrony Państwa w Katowicach, od lutego 1991 r. do lipca 1992 r. zajmował stanowisko zastępcy szefa UOP, a od lipca 1992 r. do grudnia 1993 r. – szefa tego urzędu. W rządzie Józefa Oleksego był ministrem spraw we- wnętrznych (od grudnia 1995 r. do lutego 1996 r.). Jerzy Konieczny przez wiele lat był nauczycielem akademickim, wykładał m.in. w Katedrze Kryminalistyki Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. Był autorem i współautorem książek, w tym na temat kryminalistyki: Kryminalistyka (z Janem Widackim i Tadeuszem Wi- dłą); Metodologiczna charakterystyka kryminalistyki; Pojęcia prawdopodobieństwa ze stanowiska procesu karnego i kryminalistyki; Podstawy detektywistyki. Usługi detekty- wistyczne, prawo, taktyka, moralność (z Tomaszem Aleksandrowiczem i Anną Konik), oraz na temat szeroko pojętego bezpieczeństwa: Justycjariusze, hutmani, policjanci. Z dziejów służb ochrony porządku w Polsce (z Andrzejem Abramskim); Wstęp do etyki biznesu; Wprowadzenie do bezpieczeństwa biznesu. Nie każdy wie, że Jerzy Koniecz- ny napisał również przewodnik po Żywiecczyźnie (Ziemia Żywiecka. Przewodnik). Chciał w ten sposób spłacić swój dług wobec miejsca, z którym były związane jego 10 | najmilsze wspomnienia z dzieciństwa i młodości. Mówił, że turystykę i pisanie o niej traktuje jako sposób na złapanie oddechu od codziennych spraw. W 2011 r. został odznaczony Odznaką Honorową imienia gen. Stefana Rowec- kiego „Grota”. Jerzy Konieczny został pochowany 31 lipca 2020 r. na cmentarzu parafialnym w Rycerce Górnej (powiat żywiecki, gmina Rajcza). Redakcja „Przeglądu Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego” I ARTYKUŁY I ROZPRAWY ARTICLES AND DISSERTATIONS Krzysztof Izak Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na radykalizację postaw i terroryzm Pandemia COVID-191 wywiera olbrzymi wpływ na wszystkie dziedziny życia czło- wieka, w tym także na nastroje społeczne, idee, zachowania, przestępczość i prze- moc polityczną, z terroryzmem włącznie. Skala tego ostatniego zjawiska jest trudna do oceny, ponieważ niniejszy tekst został napisany w kwietniu i maju 2020 r.2, czyli w miesiącach, kiedy pandemia w niektórych regionach świata rozprzestrzeniała się błyskawicznie, w innych zaś, na przykład w Afryce, była dopiero w fazie rozwojowej. Jednak to, co zwraca uwagę to jednoczesny spadek zainteresowania mediów aktami terroryzmu. Jeżeli nawet dochodzi do takich zdarzeń, to informacjom o nim trudno się przebić do mediów międzynarodowych, łącznie z portalami społecznościowymi. Do- niesienia o incydentach o podłożu terrorystycznym pojawiają się z opóźnieniem.
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