DOCSLIB.ORG

Prospects Co2 Capture Storage

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prospects Co2 Capture Storage INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Energy Technology Analysis PROSPECTS FOR CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE 001-006 17/11/2004 12:00 Page 2 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR 9, rue de la Fédération, ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France AND DEVELOPMENT The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in autonomous body which was established in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came November 1974 within the framework of the into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation Organisation for Economic Co-operation and for Economic Co-operation and Development Development (OECD) to implement an inter- (OECD) shall promote policies designed: national energy programme. • to achieve the highest sustainable economic It carries out a comprehensive programme of growth and employment and a rising standard energy co-operation among twenty-six* of the of living in Member countries, while maintaining OECD’s thirty Member countries.The basic aims financial stability, and thus to contribute to the of the IEA are: development of the world economy; • to maintain and improve systems for coping • to contribute to sound economic expansion in with oil supply disruptions; Member as well as non-member countries in the • to promote rational energy policies in a global process of economic development; and context through co-operative relations with • to contribute to the expansion of world trade non-member countries, industry and inter- on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in national organisations; accordance with international obligations. • to operate a permanent information system on the international oil market; The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, • to improve the world’s energy supply and Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, demand structure by developing alternative Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, energy sources and increasing the efficiency of Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United energy use; Kingdom and the United States. The following • to assist in the integration of environmental and countries became Members subsequently through energy policies. accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), * IEA Member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Japan, the Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Poland (22nd November 1996), the Republic of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Korea (12th December 1996) and Slovakia Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United (28th September 2000). The Commission of the Kingdom, the United States. The European European Communities takes part in the work of Commission also takes part in the work of the IEA. the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). © OECD/IEA, 2004 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this publication should be made to: Head of Publications Service, OECD/IEA 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France or 9, rue de la Fédération, 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France. 001-006 17/11/2004 12:00 Page 3 FOREWORD 3 FOREWORD Fossil fuels will be used extensively and CO2 emissions will rise over the next half century, if no new policies are put in place. It is clear that such a development is not sustainable. A number of options exist that can reduce the CO2 emissions from the energy system. These include improved energy efficiency and a switch to renewable and nuclear energy. However, policies based on these options will, at best, only partly solve the problem. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies constitute another promising option that can drastically reduce these emissions. To accomplish this, governments need to take action now to ensure that CCS technologies are developed and deployed on a large scale over the next few decades. This publication describes the challenges that must be overcome for a CCS strategy to reach market introduction and achieve its full potential within the next 30-50 years. The quantitative and qualitative analyses in this book reveal that large-scale uptake of capture and storage technologies is probably 10 years off, and that without a major increase in RD&D investment, the technology will not be in place to realize its full potential in the coming decades. Effective emission reduction incentives will be needed to achieve market deployment from 2015 onward. Additional policies will have to be implemented to remove barriers and reduce uncertainties. If the right action is taken, CCS could become an essential ‘transition technology’ to a sustainable energy system for the next 50 to 100 years. This volume shows how CCS technologies can help to reduce emissions significantly over the coming two to five decades. The analysis includes three important elements. First, it provides a comprehensive overview of the prospects, costs and RD&D challenges of CO2 capture, transportation and storage technologies. Second, using a newly developed energy technology model, it presents global scenario analyses that investigate how CCS technologies can contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and what conditions would be necessary to justify stepping up RD&D and international efforts to advance CCS. Finally, the third element highlights the priority policy actions that should be taken to ensure the timely deployment of CCS technologies. The results suggest that an aggressive policy of developing and deploying CCS technologies could indeed achieve substantial reductions in worldwide CO2 emissions. Although the main role of CCS would be in the electricity sector, interesting possibilities also exist in manufacturing and in the production of transportation fuels. With sufficient technology investment, and after successfully solving various environmental and legal issues, CCS can provide a way to curb greenhouse gas emissions substantially at acceptable costs in most areas in the world. This publication is the first in a new IEA series entitled Energy Technology Analysis. The goal of this series is to use quantitative model analysis for the assessment of the prospects of emerging energy technologies and their potential impact on energy supply security, economic development and the environment. I am confident that this analysis provides new insights for IEA member governments and other decision makers on how to use innovative technologies as part of an efficient long-term emissions mitigation strategy. Claude Mandil Executive Director 001-006 17/11/2004 12:00 Page 4 001-006 17/11/2004 12:00 Page 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The main authors of this book are Dolf Gielen and Jacek Podka´nski, with contributions from Fridtjof Unander. The work was done under the supervision of Marianne Haug, Director of the Energy Technology and R&D Office of the International Energy Agency. I t is a result of close cooperation between the Energy Technology Policy Division, headed by Carmen Difiglio until September 2004 and by Fridtjof Unander thereafter, and the Energy Technology C ollaboration Division, headed by Antonio Pflüger. The study also benefited from input by other IEA colleagues, namely: Fatih Birol, Rick Bradley, John Cameron, François Cattier, Niclas Mattsson, Cédric Philibert and Rick Sellers. A number of experts provided input to the study, commented on the underlying analytical work, reviewed early drafts of the manuscript and provided guidance for the model development. Their comments and suggestions were of great value. Prominent contributors include: Stefan Bachu (Alberta Geological Survey, Canada), Graham Campbell (Natural Resources Canada), Carmen Difiglio (Department of Energy, USA), John Davison (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, UK), Augustin Flory (Consultant, France), Paul Freund (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, UK), John Gale (IEA Greenhouse Gas and R&D Programme, UK), Gary Goldstein (International Resources Group, USA), Ian Hayhow (Natural Resources Canada), Hubert Höwener (Research Center Jülich, Germany), Olav Kaarstad (Statoil ASA, Norway), Jostein Dahl Karlsen (Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Norway), John “Skip” Laitner (EPA, USA), Barbara McKee (Department of Energy, USA), Peter Markewitz (Research Center Jülich, Germany), Hanns-Joachim Neef (Research Center Jülich, Germany), Ken Noble (Noble-Soft, Australia), Ed Rubin (Carnegie Mellon University, USA), Michael Sachse (Research Center Jülich, Germany), Jochen Seier (Research Center Jülich, Germany), Koen Smekens (Energy research Centre of the Netherlands), John Topper (IEA C lean Coal Centre, UK), GianCarlo Tosato (ETSAP and Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Germany ), Clas-Otto Wene (Consultant, Sweden), the participants of the IEA Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP) and the members of the IEA Working Party on Fossil Fuels. All errors and omissions are solely the responsibility of the authors. The Energy Technology Perspectives model development could not have been achieved without substantial financial support provided by the governments of many countries, notably Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The manuscript was edited by Sally Bogle, Kathleen Gray and Geoff Morrison. Assistance with preparation of the manuscript was provided by Muriel Custodio, Corinne Hayworth and Loretta
Load more

Recommended publications
  • To View Asset
    DISCOVERY VICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL NOVEMBER 1999 INSIDE THIS ISSUE • MINERS HELP CLEANUP • OTWAY BASIN INTEREST • NEW DATA RELEASE DISCOVERY VICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL NOVEMBER 1999 contents MINERS AID DOCKLANDS CLEANUP 2 Mining industry skills help a major redevelopment VIC WEATHERS SPENDING SLUMP 4 Trend figures show Victoria is doing better than other states OTWAY BASIN ATTRACTS NEW PLAYERS 6 More companies join the search for gas UNDERGROUND STORAGE BOOSTS GAS RESERVES 8 WUGS means more security for Victoria’s gas supplies SANTOS STARTS VICTORIAN GAS PRODUCTION 10 More gas flows for Victorian consumers MINERAL SANDS TENDERS ATTRACT MANY BIDDERS 10 Explorers snap up new mineral sands acreage VICTORIAN MINERS READY FOR ANYTHING 11 cover picture Stawell’s safety team make it two in a row ALL THAT GLITTERS ISN’T GOLD 18 Victoria’s commitment to providing high-quality Victoria’s Mining Week focuses on new minerals airborne geophysical data over the vast majority of the NEW DATA WILL BOOST EXPLORATION 19 state is providing explorers with unequalled advantages Explorers get plenty of encouragement from this new data release in locating exploration targets. The latest package of airborne magnetic and geophysical data plus accom- BOOST FOR BASE METALS TOO! 21 panying maps was released during Victorian Mining GSV reveals a new look at the prospects for base metals Week in November. It covers large areas of eastern Victoria and the highlands near Omeo. Our cover MINERAL REPORTING STANDARDS AND THE JORC CODE 22 image is one of the many new images from the latest There’s a new force in developing Australia leads the world in setting the standards data release and covers the Mansfield-Howitt region.
    [Show full text]
  • P Ace P Nt Flet Ic =Lr
    p ace p nt flet Ic =lr OIL SHALE 0 COAL 0 OIL SANDS 0 NATURAL GAS VOLUME 30- NUMBER 4- DECEMBER 1993 QUARTERLY Tell Ertl Repository r Lakes Library :::o:'zco School of M.Es ®THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. Reg. U.S. Pot, OFF. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report is published by The Pace Consultants Inc., as a multi-client service and Is intended for the sole use of the clients or organizations affiliated with clients by virtue of a relationship equivalent to 51 percent or gieater ownership. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report Is protected by the copyright laws of the United States; reproduction of any part of the publication requires the express permission of The Pace Con- sultants Inc. The Pace Consultants Inc., has provided energy consulting and engineering services since 1955. The company's experience includes resource evalua- tion, process development and design, systems planning, marketing studies, licensor comparisons, environmental planning, and economic analysis. The Synthetic Fuels Analysis group prepares a variety of periodic and other reports analyzing developments in the energy field. THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. SYNTHETIC FUELS ANALYSIS MANAGING EDITOR Jerry E. Sinor Pt Office Box 649 Niwot, Colorado 80544 (303) 652-2632 BUSINESS MANAGER Ronald I. Gist Post Office Box 53473 Houston, Texas 77052 (713) 669-8800 Telex: 77-4350 CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS A-i I. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DOE Fossil Energy Budget Realigned for 1994 1-1 U.S. DOE and Russian Federation to Cooperate in Fossil Energy 1-2 ECONOMICS MITRE Estimates Synthetic Transport Fuels to Cost $36 Per Barrel 1-3 TECHNOLOGY Hot Gas Cleanup Studied for Biomass Gasificatiop 1-6 INTERNAI1ONAL Methanol Tested as Turbine Fuel in Japan 1-9 1(3CC Project in the United Kingdom Could Use Both Orimulsion and Coal 1-9 RESOURCE U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Gas for Vehicles (Ngv)
    IGU – International Gas Union UN ECE – United Nations Economic Commission for Europe NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES (NGV) June 2012 IGU WORKING COMMITTEE 5 – UTILISATION of GAS STUDY GROUP 5.3 – NATURAL GAS VEHICLES (NGV) and UN ECE WORKING PARTY ON GAS JOINT REPORT NATURAL GAS FOR VEHICLES – IGU & UN ECE JOINT REPORT Table of Contents and Principals 1. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 3 2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 3. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 9 4. Market Profile: World, Countinents, Countries ............................................................. 12 Europe ........................................................................................................................... 13 Africa ............................................................................................................................. 35 Australia & New Zealand ............................................................................................... 37 North America ............................................................................................................... 39 South America ............................................................................................................... 54 Central America and the Caribbean .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Audit Report and Appendices As Presented in the Hardcopy Format
    INFORMATION REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT REPORTS August 2007 VICTORIA’S AUDIT SYSTEM AUDIT REPORT CURRENCY An environmental audit system has operated in Audit reports are based on the conditions encountered Victoria since 1989. The Environment Protection Act and information reviewed at the time of preparation 1970 (the Act) provides for the appointment by the and do not represent any changes that may have Environment Protection Authority (EPA Victoria) of occurred since the date of completion. As it is not environmental auditors and the conduct of possible for an audit to present all data that could be independent, high quality and rigorous environmental of interest to all readers, consideration should be audits. made to any appendices or referenced documentation An environmental audit is an assessment of the for further information. condition of the environment, or the nature and extent When information regarding the condition of a site of harm (or risk of harm) posed by an industrial changes from that at the time an audit report is process or activity, waste, substance or noise. issued, or where an administrative or computation Environmental audit reports are prepared by EPA- error is identified, environmental audit reports, appointed environmental auditors who are highly certificates and statements may be withdrawn or qualified and skilled individuals. amended by an environmental auditor. Users are Under the Act, the function of an environmental advised to check EPA’s website to ensure the currency auditor is to conduct environmental audits and of the audit document. prepare environmental audit reports. Where an environmental audit is conducted to determine the PDF SEARCHABILITY AND PRINTING condition of a site or its suitability for certain uses, an environmental auditor may issue either a certificate or EPA Victoria can only certify the accuracy and statement of environmental audit.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Port Gas Import Jetty and Pipeline Project
    Witness Statement – Groundwater Impacts – Western Port Gas Import Jetty and Pipeline Project WESTERN PORT GAS IMPORT JETTY AND PIPELINE PROJECT WITNESS STATEMENT – GROUNDWATER – 25TH SEPTEMBER 2020 1.0 INTRODUCTION My name is, Jonathan Michael Medd. I am a Principal of Golder Associates Pty Ltd, Building 7, Botanicca Corporate Park, 570-588 Swan Street, Richmond, Victoria, 3121. I hold a Bachelor of Science (Hons) and a Master of Environmental Science and Hydrogeology. I have over 27 years’ experience in the field of environmental management and impact assessment, specialising in the areas of groundwater quality, flow, impact evaluation and contamination remediation. I am also appointed as an Environmental Auditor of Contaminated Land and Industrial Facilities in accordance with Section 53S of the Environment Protection Act 1970. My curriculum vitae is attached in APPENDIX A. In have been assisted by the following personnel in preparing this statement: Irena Krusic-Hrustanpasic (Principal Hydrogeologist – Golder Associates), who provided technical support and internal review of this statement. Stephen Makin (Senior Hydrogeologist – Golder Associates), who accompanied me during the site visit and has assisted in preparing background information to assist me in preparing this statement of evidence. 20350394-001-L-Rev0 1 Witness Statement – Groundwater Impacts – Western Port Gas Import Jetty and Pipeline Project 2.0 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION RELIED UPON I have been engaged by Hall & Willcox/Ashurst to provide a peer review and a corresponding Statement of Evidence and to present evidence at the Inquiry and Advisory Committee (IAC) Hearing in relation to groundwater impacts evaluated in EES Technical Report D Groundwater Impact Assessment, part of the Environmental Effects Statement (EES) for the Western Port Gas Import Jetty and Pipeline Project (“the Project”).
    [Show full text]
  • Landfills Bumper Issue
    Issue 11 2012 SPECIAL EDITION: LANDFILLS BUMPER ISSUE Landfills and energy Sampling and Groundwater production analysis plans remediation Cleaning up to produce energy A crucial first step Hobart zinc smelter case study Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment CRC CARE is Australia’s leading science-based partnership in assessing, preventing and remediating contamination of soil, water and air. With a unique mix of industry, university and government agency partners, CRC CARE’s research program focuses on the challenges of best practice policy, better measurement, minimising uncertainty in risk assessment, and cleaning up. Collaborations between major industry participants, researchers and end users, nationally and internationally editor’s note editor’s Producing a generation of young Australian professionals highly skilled at solving and preventing contamination Extensive industry training and workshop program Fast-tracking science to the field through a national demonstration sites program Promoting industry access to new technology and knowledge through the Australian Remediation Industry Cluster (ARIC) www.crccare.com Remediation Australasia is a quarterly industry magazine produced by When the seeds of CRC CARE were the Australian Reme- sown in 1999, the remediation diation Industry Cluster industry was worth $300 million per (ARIC) for the Australian year. Following the establishment remediation industry. of CRC CARE and ARIC, this figure has grown to more than $3 billion. International companies focusing on Circulation remediation have also increased in The publication is currently number, from a small handful to more distributed to more than 2,000 than 20. In this environment of rapid recipients throughout Australasia, growth, ARIC’s challenge – to drive free of charge.
    [Show full text]
  • No 133 January 2008
    No 133 January 2008 APIA 2007 Convention Review South Gippsland Natural Gas Pipeline Sydney Primary Loop Water Pipelines CREATIVE CONSTRUCTION Your Pipeline Challenge is our Priority With an unwavering • over 20,000 km of pipelines • trenchless capability executed globally commitment to health, safety • team of long-term • experience in all product specialists and environment we deliver and pipe types • international ‘can do’ value, innovation, commitment • built-up urban areas, remote reputation and integrity in every piece of locations and near shore • multi-discipline capability marine specialists pipe we lay • pioneers in new • full EPC capability technologies www.mcconnelldowell.com CIVIL • ELECTRICAL • MARINE • MECHANICAL • PIPELINES & HDD • TUNNELLING & UNDERGROUND Head Of ce: Tally Ho Business Park, 16 Lakeside Drive, Burwood East, Vic 3151, AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 3 8805 5200 Fax: +61 3 8805 5376 Email: [email protected] Pipelines2007_A4.indd 1 14/08/2007 1:56:07 PM NVM 4946 FP Pipeliner 24/9/07 3:14 PM Page 1 Broad Acre Mulchers ENVIRONMENTAL VEGETATION MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS Vertical Mulcher Fast, efficient and environmentally friendly solutions A complete vegetation management and cost effective tree removal system that minimises environmental impact and dramatically reduces the costs and time of pipeline easement construction and maintenance with the latest high production Cleared Pipeline Easement mulching equipment available. High Horsepower equals High Production. This unique method, grinds trees down where they stand, leaving a bed of high grade mulch which helps reduce erosion and returns nutrients back into the soil. Mulch trees insitu – TREE SIZE UNLIMITED. EQUIPMENT FOR HIRE INCLUDES: Vertical Mulchers and Broad Acre Mulchers (230hp to 850hp units available), Skid Steer Mulchers, Excavator Groomers, Broad Acre Mulcher 575hp Vertical Tree Extractors, Tubgrinders and Heavy Haulage Transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Auditor-General on the Victorian Government's Finances
    V I C T O R I A Auditor-General of Victoria REPORT OF THE AUDITOR-GENERAL VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT’S FINANCES 1998-99 Ordered to printed by Authority. Government Printer for the State of Victoria No. 10 - Session 1999 ISSN 1327-6905 ISBN 0 7311 5503 3 Contents Page PART 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ______________________________ 1 Overview y 3 Summary of major findings y 5 PART 2 AUDIT OPINION ON STATEMENT ______________________ 11 Financial accountability framework y 13 Audit opinion on the Government’s Annual Financial Statement y 14 Auditor-General’s Report on the Victorian Government’s Finances y 15 PART 3 OPERATING RESULT AND FINANCIAL POSITION ________ 17 Operating result and financial position y 19 PART 4 REVENUE _________________________________________ 29 Summary of State revenues y 31 PART 5 EXPENDITURE _____________________________________ 47 Summary of State expenditure y 49 PART 6 ASSETS OF THE STATE, INCLUDING MAJOR ASSET SALES ____________________________________________ 69 Summary of State assets y 71 Government asset sales program y 75 PART 7 LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS _____________________ 155 Aggregate liabilities of the State y 157 Borrowings y 159 Unfunded superannuation liabilities y 176 Other employee entitlements y 182 Payables and other liabilities y 183 Contingent liabilities of the State y 185 Other financial commitments of the State y 194 INDEX __________________________________________________ 197 Report of the Auditor-General - Victorian Government’s Finances, 1998-99 iii PART 1 Executive Summary Report of the Auditor-General - Victorian Government’s Finances, 1998-99 1 Overview This is my first Report to the Parliament as Auditor-General and the Report outlines the results of the audit of the Government’s Annual Financial Statement.
    [Show full text]
  • SP1004 International Processes for Identification and Remediation of Contaminated Land
    Land Quality Management Ltd For: Defra SP1004 International Processes for Identification and Remediation of Contaminated Land Report No.: 1023-0 Status: Final December 2013 This page intentionally left blank Land Quality Management Ltd For: Defra International Processes for Identification and Remediation of Contaminated Land Final December 2013 To: From: Defra Land Quality Management Ltd Noble House, The Sir Colin Campbell Building 17 Smith Square, University of Nottingham Innovation Park London SW1P 3JR Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU Tel: 0115 7484080 e-mail [email protected] This page intentionally left blank Land Quality Management Ltd Document Control Client Defra Project Title International Processes for Identification and Remediation of Contaminated Land Authors C. P. Nathanail1, R.P. Bardos2, A. Gillett1, C. McCaffrey1, R. Ogden1, D. Scott1, J. Nathanail1 and other contributors to individual country appendices. 1Land Quality Management Ltd 2R3 Environmental Limited LQM Report Number 1023-0 Client Reference Number SP1004 SID 5 Document Version Final Main Author See above Approved for issue by Dr C P Nathanail Position Director Date 24 December 2013 Status Open access This document has been prepared by Land Quality Management Ltd within the terms of the Contract, scope of work, and resources agreed in writing with the client. Land Quality Management Ltd has no responsibility to the client and/or others for any matters outside the scope of the above agreement. This document is intended for the sole use of the client indicated above and Land Quality Management Ltd accepts no responsibility of whatever nature to third parties to whom this document or any part of this document is made known.
    [Show full text]