E499 Volume 1
Public Disclosure Authorized PUBLICWORKS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENTOF KERALA INDIA
KERALA STATETRANSPORT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized EXECUTIVESUMMARY
Elm:-ri '\P 7'"Fl rr: fyz'i Public Disclosure Authorized
* LouisBerger International, Inc. in associationwith: SheladiaAssociates, ConsultingEngineering Services (I) Ltd. IntercontinentalConsultants & TechnocratsPvt Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized October 2001 FilECOPY Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION. 4 1.1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION .. 4 1.2 PROJECTOBJECTIVE .. 4 1.3 APPLICATIONOF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARDS . . 4 1.4 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTON . . 5 1.4.1 Background. 5 1.4.2 Road Characteristics. 6 1.4.3 Project Location. 6 1.4.4 Project Activities. 6 1.4.5 Project Structuring - Construction Contract Packages for Improvement / Upgradation.. 6 1.4.6 Project Structuring - Maintenance Roads. 7 1.5 PILOTWATERWAYS COMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTION. 7 1.5.1 Background. 7 1.5.2 Project Location. 8 1.5.3 Project Activities ...... ,, 8 1 1.5.4 Project Structuring. 8 1.6 ENVIRONMENT & SocIAL BENEFTS . . 8 1.6.1 Accident Reduction Benefits . . . , . . . . 8 1.6.2 Road user benefits / environmental enhancements ...... 8 2 EA & SA PROCESSES ...... 9
2.1 HIGHWAYS COMPONENT: SEA, EA (PHASE I) & SA ...... 9...... 9 I 2.2WATERWAYS COMPONENT: EA & SA ...... 10 2.3 INDEPENDENT REVIEW ...... , ., ...... 10 2.4 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI)ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLEARANCES / APPROVALS . 10 3 ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL BASELINE OF THEPROJECT . 1 3.1 HIGHWAYS COMPONENT: BASELINE SCENARIO .11 3.1.1 Climate & Temperature . I1 3.1.2 Physical terrain. I 3.1.3 Geology.1 3.1.4 Soils .1 3.1.5 River Sand & Quarry Dust .12 3.1.6 Other Construction materials ., ... .. 12 3. 1.7 Water Resources .12 3.1.8 Water Quality .12 3.1.9 Drainage. 12 3.1.10 Air Quality.13 3.1.11 Noise 33 3.1.12 Flora&Fauna ...... 13 I 3.1.13 CulturalResources ...... ,. 13 3.1.14 Paddy Fields...... 13 3.1.15 Tourism ...... 14 3.1.16 D emographicProfile of the region.14 3.1.17 OccupationPatterns .14
3 Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT l l I Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3.1.18 Economy ...... 15 3.1.19 The Gulf Emigrants In Kerala's Economy ...... 15 I 3.1.20 Social profile ...... 15 3.1.21 Literacy and Education ...... 15 3.1.22 Urbanisation Trend ...... 15 I 3.1.23 Profile of Project affected People ...... 16 3.1.24 Family Economy/Resource Base ...... 16 3.1.25 Economic Profile ...... 16 3.1.26 Social Profile ...... 17 3.1.27 Literacy and Education Status ...... 18 3.1.28 Urbanisation ...... l8 3.2 WATERWAYS-ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINESCENARIO ...... 18 3.2.1 Physical Conditions ...... 18 3.2.2 Sediment quality ...... 19 I 3.2.3 Water Quality ...... 19 3.2.4 Flora & Fauna ...... 19 3.3 WATERWAYS:SOCIAL BASELINE SCENARIO ...... 20 3.3.1 Demographic profile ...... 20 3.3.2 Socio-economic Profile ...... 20 4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 22 4.1 PUBLICCONSULTATIONS ...... 22 4.2 PLAN FORCONTINUED PARTICIPATION ...... 29 4.2.1 Responsibility for continued consultations ...... 29 * 4.2.2 Suggestions for Future Consultation ...... 29 4.2.3 Follow-up Consultations ...... 30 4.2.4 Public Disclosure ...... 30 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 30 5.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT ...... 30 5.1.1 "With" and "No Action" Alternative ...... 30 5.1.2 Design Decision Constraints For Various Alternatives ...... 31 5.1.3 Bypass Alternatives ...... 32 5.1.4 Realignment Alternatives ...... 32 5.1.5 Junction Alternatives ...... 32 5.1.6 Road Cross-Section Alternatives ...... 32 5.1.7 Pavement Alternatives ...... 33 5.1.8 Maintenance Alternatives ...... 33 5.2 PILOT WATERWAYSCOMPONENT ...... 33 5.2.1 "With" and "No Action" Alternative ...... 33 5.2.2 Reason for choosing the waterways ...... 33 5.2.3 Design alternatives ...... 33 6 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 34 6.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 34 6.1.1 Impact on Climate and geology ...... 34 I 6.1.2 Impact on Physiography ...... 34 6.1.3 Impact on Soils & Construction materials ...... 34
Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CESlICT 2 I l
Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary
1 6.1.4 Water resources & quality impacts ...... 34 6.1.5 Drainage impacts ...... 34 6.1.6 Air Quality Potential Impacts ...... 35 m 6.1.7 Noise impacts...... 35 6.1.8 Flora & Fauna Impacts ...... 35 6.1.9 Cultural Property Impacts ...... 36 6.1.10 P Fieldaddy Impacts s ...... 36 6.2 HIGHWAYS:SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 36 6.2.1 Standard Avoidance .36 6.2.2 Corridor of Impact .36 6.2.3 Loss of Community Resources .36 6.2.4 Minimising Resettlement .37 | 6.2.5 Overall Affected and Displaced People .37 6.2.6 Estimates of Land Required for the Project .39 6.2.7 Vulnerable Groups.39 6.2.8 Loss of Livelihood and Income Restoration. 39 6.2.9 HIV/AIDS .41 6.3 PILOT WATERWAYS COMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT 4 1 6.3.1 Impact on Physical Conditions .41 6.3.2 Social Impacts 41 6.3.3 Impacts on Flora and Fauna 42 ; 7 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENTACTION PLANS ... 42
7.1 INTRODUCTION .. 42 7.2 EMP - HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT (PHASE - I: UPGRADATION/ IMPROVEMENT ROADS) .42 7.3 ESMP - HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT (MAINTENANCE ROADS).43 I 7.4 EMP - PILOT WATERWAYSCOMPONENT .43 7.5 BUDGET FOR THEENVIRONMENTAL COSTS .43 7.6 RESETrLEMENTACTION PLAN .43 U 7.6.1 Support Principles for Different Categories of Impacts .43 7.6.2 Targeted Support for the Vulnerable Groups .45 7.6.3 Implementation Requirements .46 7.6.4 Implementation Arrangements .48 7.6.5 R&R Costs and Budget .49 7.6.6 The Highways ...... 49 7.6.7 Monitoring and Evaluation .50 7.7 TRAININGAND AWARENESS PLAN .50 l l l I Louis Berger International/S heladia/CES/ICT 3 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary
KERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT
Executive Summary
1 INTRODUCTION
3 1.1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION
The Kerala State Transport Project includes the improvement and maintenance of the existing State Highways and Major District Roads, and a pilot waterways component. The project is * divided in two phases for the highways improvement and the waterways component, and into Year programmes for the maintenance activities. Table 1.1 provides the breakdown. The maps provided overleaf show the highways and waterways to be improved / maintained under this project. Table 1.1: Kerala State Transport Project: Components
I SL.NO. COMPONENTDESCRIPTION TOTAL LENGTH COVERAGE 1 HGHWAYSCOMPONENT I 1.1 Highways- Widening and 257.7 km (Phase I) l.1 Improvement - in two Phases 324 km (Phase II) Throughout Kerala 3 339.1 (Year 1) 1.2 Highways- Maintenance 364.8 (Year 11) Throughout Kerala Component- in three years 306.9 (Year lit)
I 2 WATERWAYSCOMPONENT
2.1 Waterways Component- Pilot 75.5 km (Phase I) canalsthree located in the
1.2 PROJECTOBJECTIVE
The objective of the Kerala State Transport Project is to improve and maintain the State Highways and to experiment the improvement of selected waterway canals. This I infrastructure development is expected to encourage the State in its economic growth in general, and in the tourism / industrial sectors in particular. In the process of project development and implementation, the in-house capabilities / capacity of the Kerala State I Public Works Department (PWD) and the Kerala State Irrigation Department (ID) to plan and maintain the highways / roads and waterways respectively will also be developed.
| 1.3 APPLICATION OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARDS
The World Bank has 10 Operational Policies which are considered as safeguards Policies. Their applicability to the Project and the respective requirements are provided in Table 1.2.
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Table 1.2: Applicabilityof World Bank SafeguardPolicies
WORLD j ~~~~~ANK'SSUBJECT TRIGGEREDOR REASON FOR ITS DOUET IN SAFE CATEGORY NOT APPLICABILITY DOCUMENTATION GUARD POLICY I EIA and Environmental Environmental All Phase I and Phase Management Plan OP 4.01 Assessment Roads Umbrella policy prepared and reviewed by a Independent Review Consultant Link 26 only Presence of Idukki wild EIA and Environmental (buffer option for Phase Life Management Plan OP 4.04 Natural Habitats 2). Dropped from Phase Sanctuary about 200 to prepared, incorporates I 500 m Away from the Natural Habitat Project conservation measures Link 26 (buffer option Reserved Forest EIA and Environmental OP 4.36 Forestry for Phase 2) Dropped bordering the ROW of Management Plan from Phase I the Link 26 prepared. OP 4.09 Pest Not triggered Not Applicable Not Applicable * Road widening will OP 4.30 Involuntary All phase-I and phase lead to loss of Resettlement Action Plan Resettlement Roads livelihoods, loss of land prepared L______and Buildings etc I Only one family isi affected in phase 1. No *OP4.20 Indigenous Triggered for all Phase separate Indigenous Resettlement Action Plan people I I and Phase II roads people development prepared Plan is required for the Project. A number of temples Environmental shrinesshrins ChurchesChrche etcResettlementetcManagement ActionPlans Plansand OP 4.11 Cultural Property for all road are located adjacent to hebeenepare or (draft) projects road ROW. A Cultural phase I to minimize any property rehabilitation adverse effect on the plan has been prepared. cultural properties
Link 26 (dropped from Road does not pass EIA and Environmcntal OP 4.37 Safety of Dams phase 1, included as over any structures Management Plan phase 2 buffer) associated with the prepared phase 2 buffer)Idukki reservoir. l OP 7.50 Interwial Not triggered Not Applicable Not Applicable
OP 7.60 Projects ineasNot triggered Not Applicable Not Applicable
1.4 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.4.1 Background
The Government of Kerala 1 State PWD requested loan assistance from the World Bank for the Kerala State Transport Project. A Strategic Options Study (SOS) was conducted in 1997. This SOS identified 2810 km of high priority roads for possible improvement and upgrading.
Louis Berger Intemational/SheladialCES/ICT 5 I l | Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary
1.4.6 ProjectStructuring - MaintenanceRoads
The maintenance activities will be undertaken through a 3-year programme. There will be 13 roads in Year 1, 15 roads in Year 2 and 10 roads in Year 3 under this programme.
Table 1.3: Phase I PriorityRoad Links
Si. Link Route Proposed lNo LNo Road Code FLength(kni) Carriageway No.No. J From To kWidth (in) Packa el: I I I SH-I Taikkod - Kottarakara 46.000 10 2 2 SH-1 Kottarakkara- Adoor 120.850 7 3 3 SH-1 Adoor- Chenganoor 231590 7 4 72 SH-1 - NH 47 Taikkod - Kazhakuttom 12.580 10 5 73 SH-1I Alappuzha -Chenganassery 24.140 7
Package 3: ______6P 6 SH-I |Muvattupuzha -- Angamaiii 33.800 | 10 7 70 J SH-8 Muvattupuzha -Thodupuzha 17.700 l 7 Package4: 8 40 SH-30 Thrissur - Kuttipuram 32.980 10 9 50.1 NP-301 Palakkad- Shomur 45.300 7 _____ = lTotal Length: 256.940
|. ______Table 1.4: Phase II Priority Road Links
Si. ~~~~~~Route Legh Proposed S Link No. Road Code Length Carriageway No. From To (km) Width (m)
Package 5: _ 68 NK-3 Pilathara - Pappinissery 21.000 7.0 _2 69 NSH-18 Kasargode - Kanhangad 24.000 7.0 3 74 SH-31 Thalassery - Valuvapara 53.780 7.0 Package 6: * 4| 4.1 SH- I Chenagannur - Kottayam 36.000 7.0 a_5 __4.2 SH-1 Kottayam - Ettumanoor 11 000 7.0 6. _ SH-I Ettumanoor- Muvattipuzha 40.900 7.0 Package7: _ 7 84.1-84.4 SH-8 Punalur- Ponkunnam 81.000 7.0 8 84.5-84.7 SH-8 Ponkunnam -Thodupuzha 50.300 7.0 ____ .___.__Total Length: 317.980 .
1.5 PILOT WATERWAYSCOMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.5.1 Background
A unique feature of Kerala is the natural existence of an almost continuous chain of lagoons and backwaters separated from the coastline by a narrow strip of land varying in width from about 0.5 km to 12 km. While these have been used for transportation, they have fallen into relative disuse due to poor maintenance. The State has both National and State waterways. The National waterways are presently being revived through a GOI project. In order to revive the State waterways and explore the viability of improving linkages to the National waterways, a Pilot Waterways Component is being implemented as a part of this project.
Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 7 U KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary
1.5.2 Project Location
The Pilot Waterways Component stretches over three canals of 93 km length, of which construction activities will be undertaken, along 75.5 km. The project canals are located in the Kuttanad area in the two districts of Alappuzha and Kottayam. Table 1.5 provides the details of these canals. The line diagram for the three plot waterways are given overleaf. Table 1.5: Canals Selected For Rehabilitation
CanalRoute FeederCanal TotalLength ______K m 1. Alappuzha - Kottayam AK canal 23 2. Alappuzha - Changanassery AC canal 28 3. Kottayam- Vaikom KV canal 42 *______Total 93
1.5.3 Project Activities
The main activities envisaged are the rehabilitation of 75.5 km (out of total 93.0 km) of feeder canals in Alappuzha and Kottayam districts connecting with the National waterways. The proposed works include rehabilitating existing jetties and constructing 16 new jetties on the KV canal, 3 new jetties on the AK Canal, 9 new jetties on the AC Canal and constructing 2 new terminals at Kottayam and Changanassery. These jetties are required for the landing of cargo and for the people to embark / disembark.
* 1.5.4 ProjectStructuring
The pilot waterways component will be implemented in Phase I as a separate contract.
1.6 ENVIRONMENT & SoCIAL BENEFITS
The project is expected to create several positive impacts on the State. While any transport project will lead to a better general economic scenario, there are specific benefits in this project, which have been outlined in this section. 1 1.6.1 AccidentReduction Benefits Kerala occupies the dubious distinction of leading in the road-related accidents among the various states. The mixture of buses, trucks, cars, motorized rickshaws, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians travelling at vastly different speeds create extremely unsafe driving conditions. In this project, a detailed action plan for road safety has been prepared and a U separate budget has been allocated.. This includes the irnprovements of accident black spots, road safety furniture and markings. This action plan is expected to reduce accident rates substantially and provide benefits to the road users in the form of better roads, road signing, footpaths, drainage, parking areas, and bus bays. This will be implemented by the PWD in cooperation with the Transport and Police Departments. 1 1.6.2 Road user benefits/ environmentalenhancements Considering the dense population, the excessive ribbon development, the market areas and pedestrian as well as vehicular traffic, a variety of environmental enhancement measures have bcen considered in the Highways component. These include bus lay bys, parking areas, drinking water source development, comfort stations with toilet and eateries / restaurant,
H Louis BergerInternational/SheladiatCES/ICT 8 1 ALAPUZHA- KOTTAYAM WATERWAY urch Pon the left side of No 2 on the left side of line diagram Indicate Air, Noise, Water Ar, Noise, a iine diagram Indicate jetty pumping NPe50; ) 4 :10 W 4-VEMBANAD LAKE AREA PADASHEKARAMS 4- VERY NARROW SECTION -- 0km 5km 5m 20km 23 km LEGEND Solid line Indicate line diagram of waterways P Pump house pumping out water from padasekharams * - - U U I National waterway III 2 The numbers on the left and right of the alignment Dredging of sediments for deepening Indicates jetti locations on left and right Terminals Mo>sue Three mosques at different locations Okm 5km t J ~ Scale Thannermukkam bund a 0 Dredge disposal locations A ThanncrmukkamJbund ALOG *FEATUREAK PC C MAJOR FEATURESALONG AK PROJECT CANAL 2 ALAPUZHA-CHANGANASSERYWATERWAY Air, Noise, Water and |ALAPUZHAI sediment 'P on the left side of line sampling Air, Noise, diagram indicate pumping JAir,Nmoinste,Waterend Locatpiong Water and locations No I on the left Hospital se mat ampling /Dredging Chur sediment side and vice versa Locations ICHANGANASS Locations sampling Locations @' 1/ //,Da 9F"S-1XV~~~UU mml .. Eu.....m* . urn ~~~~~ P ~~ pP~~~~~~~~~PP 4 5 6 7 P 9 1 11 Z3 4 5' 6' 7' 8 P P 10 11 12 13 14 15 P 16 P P . *- . a * a . VEMBANADLAKE AREA | PADASHEKARAM3 4 VERYNARROW SECTION - 0km 5km 10km 15kmI20km 2Skm 28 km LEGEND Solid line indicate line diagram of waterways P Pump house pumping out water from padasekharams * U U - National waterway IlIl 2 The numbers on the left and right of the alignment Dredging of sediments for deepening Indicates jetti locations on left and right 0 Terminals Mos ue Three mosques at different locations Okm 5km t.. A Scale Ak Thannermukkam bund IN Possible dredge disposal area *Thannermukkam bund ALONG AC PRO C C MAJOR FEATURESALONG AC PROJECTCANAL 3 KOTTAYAM-VAIKOM WATERWAY Air, Noise, 'P' on the left side of Water and THANNEERMUKKAM Soli line ldcate line diagamofwaterwasPPumphousepumptiagramIndacate sediment r fi a hBUNDa WaterY Ma, |sedimendl g E:oos F i No I an the lof side 2 n rso the l aonsright o t aine //nonOTGo2lEllm0|WP>D\1¢, { LD 11\1'at t3/ li 2,/it. < I Do lcto _/|"e-e"!"-"""f-tl"1~~~~~~~~~ .h...... *"""-0"U-R- -r * ItA"-"-PS3 VERY NARROW SECTIONM F PADASHEKARAMS .4 VEM BANAD LAKE AREA-* Okhm KOT 5 km NationlatatesayIil 10 km pumplng 15 km 20 km 25 km+ 26 km I 42km :eDredging of seimnsdo depnnvIdiaeseet lctineorlfsadrih amplinTeminlsMhurchTheemosusa ifrn oain LEGEND| _ ~~~~Solidline Indicate line diagram of waterways P Pump house pumping out water from padasekharams *-S - S ~Nationalwaterway III 2 The numbers on the left and right ot the alignment Si . 1 ~~Dredgingof sediments for deepening Indicates JottM ocations an left and right g ~~~Terminals °S F Three mosques at different locations Okm 5 km /\ t Scale|/ \ A * .1/. ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DredgoDisposal locations Thannennukkam bund MAJOR FEATURES ALONG KV PROJECT CANAL KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary service roads wherever required, safer road junctions and development of oxbow lands into I rest areas in rural areas / toilet facilities / restaurants / social forestry. In addition, the project has proposed enhancement of the cultural properties and replacement of the common property resources, such as the roadside wells and taps. Detailed plans, designs and budgetary allocation have been made for the conservation and enhancement of religious properties. I In the Waterways component, the benefits will be in the form of new employment opportunities, increased connectivity to schools, hospitals and urban centres, and transportation of agricultural products at very low cost etc. There will also be an initial I budget for low cost sanitation work. This will assist the low-income group population of the project canal area and will primarily focus on the households that live close to the waterways. In addition, the project also proposes to construct bath areas for the privacy of women at the I canal locations where people use the water for bathing and washing. 2 EA & SA PROCESSES 2.1 HIGHWAYS COMPONENT: SEA, EA (PHASE I) & SA To assess the environmental issues, both the Sectoral Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environment Assessment (EA)Phase I) have been done. This included the following stages: reconnaissance studies, feasibility screening studies, strip mapping, model studying, collation and analysis of previously collected data, identification of primary data collection needs, road I link specific environmental data analysis, determination of potential impact areas, integration of environmental concerns into the design process, public consultations, assessment of alternatives and, finally, the preparation of the Environmental Management Plans (EMP). The I SEA addressed issues in a generic manner, while the EA (Phase 1) provided specific details / information on the road links that had been selected. The EAs covered both the upgradation / improvement roads as well as the maintenance roads. The outputs included the SEA, EIA I (Phase I -Improvement Roads - Nine Road Links), Link-specific EMPs (separate for each of the Nine Road links) and Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMPMaintenance Roads). A detailed Social Assessment (SA) was done, on the basis of feasibility screening study, primary data collected , strip maps were prepared ,consultations with the stakeholders and information from the secondary sources. The primary data included census of 100 % of the affected people and socio-economic baseline survey of 25% of the affected people . An understanding was developed about the physical, social, economic and cultural set up in the 5 project area. Following the SA, a Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) was developed. To prepare the RAP, a verification exercise was carried out, census was conducted through personal interviews of the affected families using a structured questionnaire, and a socio- economic baseline survey was done to develop indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of the RAP. An entitlement framework for the project was based on the KSTP R&R Principles and Policy Framework, which was approved by the Kerala State Government in August 2000. Consultations were carried out to disseminate information about the project to the potentially affected people and to incorporate their views and suggestions in the RAP as well as in the design of the roads. The consultations were carried out at various levels and LouisBerger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 9 I KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary included meetings with individuals as well as focus group discussions with different interest groups. An approach integrating environmental and social considerations was adopted in every stage of the abovemethodology. 2.2 WATERWAYSCOMPONENT: EA & SA To address environmental issues, an EA for the Pilot Waterways Component was separately undertaken. This included an initial feasibility study, which had an environmental component. This was followed by reconnaissance studies, secondary data collection, baseline environmental scenario development, sediment testing, water / air / noise primary data generation, extensive public consultations, assessment of alternatives, integration of enviromnental concems into the design process, and, finally, the formulation of the Environmental Management Plan. The outputs included the EA for the Pilot Waterways Component and an EMP. Reconnaissance studies, secondarv data collection and panchayat level consultations were carried out to ascertain the social implications of the Pilot Waterways Component. As it was confirmed that there was no land acquisition or resettlement issues, a full Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) was not found to be necessary, and a Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP) was developed. Here again, the approach integrated environmental and social considerations in all stages of the EA / SA process. In specific, the methodology included extensive public consultations on both environmental and social issues, although it was only a pilot project. 2.3 INDEPENDENTREVIEW KSTP being a Category 'A' project, and as the EA and SA reports were prepared by the same Engineering Design Consultant team, an independent review of the Environment and Social Assessments was carried out to ensure compliance with the Bank's Safeguard Policies. Recommendations from the review were incorporated in all the environment and social documents i.e., EAs, EMPs and RAP for roads, EMP and SIMP for waterways. (A report of the Independent Review is provided along with the EA and SA documents) . The incorporation of the key environmental and social issues in the project design was a particular focus. The independent review process resulted in a qualitative improvement of the EA / SA outputs. 2.4 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI) ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLEARANCES / APPROVALS The legislation related to the physical / natural environment applicable to the project include the Forest Conservation Act, Environmental Protection Act (including the EIA Notification), Wildlife Protection Act, Air Act, Water Act, Motor Vehicles Act and Coastal zone Regulation Zone(CRZ) rules. The legislation related to the social and cultural environment includes the Land Acquisition Act, the Public Liabilities and Insurance Act, the Highways Protection Act; Environmental Protection Act (including the EIA Notification). Ancient Monuments and Archeological Sites and Remains Act and Coastal Zone Regulation Zone(CRZ) rules. Louis BergerIntemationa]/Sheladia/CES/ICT 10 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary None of the Phase I upgradation / improvement roads pass through or near any eco-sensitive area. Hence, no environmental clearance is required for Phase I upgradation/improvement roads from the Central Government. Relevant State level clearances have been obtained. At the time of implementation, the project will require to obtain an approval from the Forest Department for the removal of roadside trees. As per the State procedure, an application will be filed to the Forest Department prior to the actual constrnction work. This will be done after the trees to be cut are marked in consultation with the Forest Department. For the Phase II upgradation / improvement roads, a Central Government clearance will be required for the road links that pass through eco-sensitive areas. Some of the maintenance roads pass through or near the eco-sensitive areas (details are provided 'in the ESMP). Four roads pass through CRZ areas. Three roads pass through Reserved Forests and, of these, and one passes through a wildlife sanctuary / indigenous tribal area. As there are no works beyond the existing pavement width in these maintenance roads, no Central or State Govemment clearances are required. For the Pilot Waterways Component, there is no need for any Central or State Government clearance as it does not fall under the CRZ area as per the Coastal Regulation Zone Management Plan (CRZMP) prepared by the GOK, or any other eco-sensitive areas. Consultations with various Central and State Government Agencies were carried out as an integral part of the EA / SA process at all stages for all components 3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE OF THE PROJECT 3.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: BASELINE SCENARIO 3.1.1 Climate & Temperature The State has three broad seasons: South-West Monsoon period (June-September), North-East Monsoon period (October-December) and Non Monsoon-period (January-May). During the two Monsoon periods, particularly the South-West Monsoon, the State experiences very heavy rainfall. The project highways / roads are within a humid tropical climate with relatively little temperature variation (17-38 degree centigrade). 3.1.2 Physical terrain Broadly, the State's physical setting can be classified into three: Lowland or sandy coastal region (< 7m), Midland region (7-76m) and Highland or hilly region (>76m). The project highways / roads are across all the three settings. 3.1.3 Geology The Project Influence Area (PTA) have the following main rock types: Charnockites, Pyroxene granulites, Garnet Biotite Gneisses, and Quartz Feldspar Gneiss, Calc granulites and Quartzite's and Lateritcs. 3.1.4 Soils In the PIA, the soils that are most common are forest loam, brown hydromorphic soil and lateritic soil. The soils available along the alignment are suitable for use in the sub grade of Louis Berger International/SheladiaICES/ICT 11 l KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary the highways / roads. As the departmental borrow areas are not available, soil will need to be obtained from private sources. Areas suitable for borrow pits (i.e., sources of material for use as fill) have been located in accordance with the Indian Road Congress Specifications. 3.1.5 River Sand & QuarryDust River sand of suitable quality may be available for use in the project roads within reasonable distances in the various river systems. However, sand mining is an environmental issue of concern in Kerala. This is because of the excessive sand mining practices that have adversely affected the rivers. Therefore, the project will depend largely on quarry dust and quarry sand to meet the requirements for the Phase I highways / roads. Quarries and sources of the dust and sand have been identified. 3.1.6 Other Constructionmaterials Suitable sub base material can be obtained by blending soil, aggregate / shingles and sand in suitable proportions to satisfy the specification requirements. Quarry stone of suitable quality for use as aggregates for pavement courses as well as for concreting is available along the project highways / roads within reasonable haul distances. There are a number of private crusher operators who supply crushed aggregates of different grades. 3.1.7 Water Resources There are two sources of water: surface water and ground water. During the Monsoon months, the rivers flow with a turbulent force frequently rising 2-3m above their original level. The surface water is available in abundance during this period. In the post-Monsoon period, the levels diminishe immediately and the rivers revert to shallow streams frequently outlined by sand beds. However, no shortage of water is envisaged for construction purposes. Ground water will not be used for construction purposes and this is the main source of drinking water in the State. 3.1.8 Water Quality The water quality parameters such as pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand and Suspended Solids have been tested in selected water bodies (streams, rivers, ponds and wells) along the Phase I highways / roads in both the Monsoon and non-Monsoon months. All the parameters have been found to be within the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) limits. 3.1.9 Drainage The terrain is mostly undulating and generally sloping from east to west in the whole of the State. Bharathapuzha and Pcriyar rivers and its tributaries are the most important rivers. The I project roads / highways also cross a number of streams and rivers. Drainage is a problem during the Monsoon period and flooding occurs along the roads / highways due to excessive precipitation. As part of the Phase I EA, the details of the existing cross drainage structures have been determninedand the density of cross-drainage structures is generally found to be 2.5-4.5 per km. This density is much higher than what is normally seen along roads and this is attributed to the high precipitation during the Monsoon period. U Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 12 l l Kerala State Transport Project Executivc Summary 3.1.10 Air Quality Air quality is generally not considered to be an environmental concern in Kerala. This is partly attributable to the dense vegetation in the State. However, there are selected urban and industrial areas, where the air quality is poor. As a part of the EA (Phase I), air quality of 17 locations along the project roads / highways have been monitored by the SPCB. In certain locations (Kotarrakara and Edavanna), the Suspended Particulate Matter levels was found to exceed the SPCB limits. High values of NOx was found in Kazhakkootam (NH junction) and Muvattupuzha. This is because of the industrial air emissions in these locations. 3.1.11 Noise As a part of EA (Phase I), noise data was collected in 34 locations along the project roads / highways by the SPCB. In general, the noise levels were found to be below the prescribed limits. Noise levels in a few locations (Kazhakkootam) were high due to the active vehicular movement, commercial activities and driver practices. However, no sensitive receptors i.e., hospitals and schools were identified in these locations. 3.1.12 Flora & Fauna None of the Phase I roads / highways pass through or near ecologically sensitive areas. However, a few project roads / highways of Phase 11 that have been identified for improvement / upgradation pass through or near ecologically sensitive areas. These eco- sensitive areas are either those under the Coastal Regulation Zone or Reserved Forests / Sanctuary. The Reserved Forests / Sanctuary are rich in tropical, evergreen forests with rich flora (bamboo, sandalwood, pali, payini, cheru and chorapali)and fauna (elephant, deer, sambar,wild boar and panther). Along the project roads / highways, trees such as mango, tamarind, banyan and jamun are found. These trees are either publicly owned or privately owned. As the upgradation / improvement will require widening, some of the trees will have to be cut. In the EA (Phase 1), the number of trees that are estimated to be cut is 900 public trees and 300 private trees. 3.1.13 CulturalResources Kerala has a rich cultural history with a long-standing presence as one of the main religious centres of India. Many temples, churches and mosques, as well as shrines, cemeteries and other sacred places of different religions are located near the project roads / highways. During the year, many festivals are held on and in the vicinity of the roads. The major festival season is during the dry season from December to March. Some festivals are held on fixed dates, others are spontaneous (eg: Ayyappan Vilakku during Sabarimala season). Many of these processions are organized along the project highways / roads. There are no I archaeologicalsites along the project roads / highways. 3.1.14 Paddy Fields I Paddy fields in Kerala are treated as a sensitive environmental feature. The GoK has been working towards preventing the conversion of these areas into non-agricultural uses. The reasons for conversion of paddy fields include non profitability, labour shortage and population pressure leading to a greater need for residential plots. There have been a number of measures introduced, the last of which is the development of a Paddy Development Board U Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CESiICT 13 I Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3 in 2000. The main controllinglegislation continues to be the Land UtilisationOrder of 1967. This is relevant for this project in terms of road / highway realignment,widening constraints and identifyingborrow pits. 3.1.15 Tourism With favourable weather and natural beauty, tourism forms an important part of the State's economy and there are plans to give it a futher boost. The major tourist attractions in the State are the Kovalam beach resort, the houseboats on the canals and backwaters, and the 3 wildlife sanctuaries at Thekkady, Parambikulum (Palakkad district), Sultan Bathery, Wayanad and Mananthavady.The Sabarimala temple of Lord Ayappan is a famous pilgrim- tourist centre. Thrissur is the cultural centre of the State and the famous Kathakali centre, Kalamandalamis a place of interest for art lovers. The project roads / highwayswill serve the visitors to the above locations. 3.1.16 Demographic Profile of the region The population of Kerala was 29.098 million in the 1991 census. It represents approximately 3.4% of the countrywide population. Its small area of 749 sq. km, results in the population I density being very high.. The sex ratio is 1,036 women per 1,000 men and the decennial population growth rate (1981-91) is 14.32. The comparable sex ratio of India is 927 females per 1,000 men and decennial population growth rate is 23.85. According to the provisional figures of the national census conducted in March 2001, the total population of Kerala stands at 31.8 million with decennial growth rate (1991-2001) of 9.42 percent. The sex ratio has increased to 1,058 females for every 1,000 males. The data from the National Census of 2001 for Kerala are not available, as of October 2001, beyond what is mentioned here. Therefore, the data from the 1991 National Census for Kerala have been used. As a southern State of the country, the people in Kerala are of Dravidian stock and speak * Malayalam,a language of the Dravidian family of languages. However,there are traces of the Australoid features in many people of Kerala, indicative of their Australian aborigine 3 originsat some pre-historictimes. There is a small tribal population in Kerala, approximately one percent of its total. Wayanad district in the north-east of the State is known to house the maximum number of the tribal I people. The following table shows the State's area, population including Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe populations, and density per square kilometre by district according to the 1991census. 3.1.17 OccupationPatterns The economy of Kerala does not sustain the livelihoods of all the people of the State and that people move out in large numbers to find employment elsewhere. The 1991 Census showed that the work participation rate in the State was 31.40% and the project districts had approximatelythe same average. Statewide 48% of the work-active people engaged in primary activity in 1991. The share of secondary activity was 18.20% of the population and that of tertiary activity was 33.80%. The State Planning Board's Economic Review 1997 mentions that employment in the organised sector only marginally increased in 1996-97 over 1995-96 by 6100, of which 4500 were in the public sector and 1600 in the private sector. This only demonstrated the dismal Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES'ICT 14 l KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary 3 picture of employmentavailability in the State. 3.1.18 Economy I The State income of Kerala in 1997-98, at current prices, was estimated at 380,024 million as against Rs. 121,735 million in 1990-91, registering an average annual growth rate of 17.7 percent.' The per capita income in the State at Rs. 2,444, however, continued to lag behind the national average of Rs. 2,785 in 2997-98 by approximately 14%. In Kerala's economy 31.4 percent of the population constitutes the main work force including 47.6 percent of males and 15.8 percent of females. 3.1.19 The Gulf Emigrants In Kerala's Economy 3 The global price hike of petroleum in 1973 and the consequent earningsof large revenue had accelerated a process of industrialization and social change in the West Asian region, necessitating the services of a large number of foreign workers. As a result, workers from I Kerala began to emnigrateto the Gulf countries. The emigration, which started with a few thousand per year during the mnid-1970s,assumed a larger proportion during the 1980s and the 1990s. The inflow of large amounts of Gulf remittances and its spending has resulted in I unprecedentedeconomic changes since the mid-1970s in the poor and industrially under- developedeconomy of Kerala. 3.1.20 Social profile The three major religious communities of the State, viz., the Hindus, Christians and Muslims, all inhabit the project road areas. With reference to the State it is said that there are 60% I Hindus and 20% each of the Christian and Muslim. The Hindus are organised, as elsewhere in India, on the basis of the caste system with the Brahmins at the top of the caste hierarchy. Other dominant castes in the hierarchy include the Nayars and the Ezhavas. The Scheduled I Caste groups are at the bottom. While the Christians and the Muslims have no caste system, they too follow the system informally, especially with regard to those engaged in menial activities, usually known as belonging to the "Other Backward Communities". 3.1.21 Literacy and Education In the education sector Kerala's achievement is unique in that it attained the highest literacy rate in India of 89.01 percent in 1991 whereas the all India level was far below at 52.21 percent. The female literacy rate was as high as 86.17 percent in Kerala compared to 39.20 percent at the national level. The literacy rate among scheduled caste males was 79.66 percent and the female literacy was 74.31 percent in Kerala although recent studies, as mentioned in Section 4.3, indicate otherwise. 1 3.1.22 UrbanisationTrend A trend in recent years is that the whole of Kerala has acquired urban characteristics. This is one of the reasons why the State has been able to achieve the highest literacy rate as well as a good health care system. In fact, the dividing line between the urban and rural areas in Kerala, as it is understood in the classic anthropological literature, is very thin. Kerala State Highways Project with Inland Water Transport Pilot Project, Final Feasibility Study Report on I the State Highway Component, Volume 1, April 2000, p. 18. ThiruvananthapLuram, Kerala PWD. Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 15 I Kerala State TransportProject Executive Summary *The1991 Census recorded 73.61 percent of the total population of the State living in rural areas. Although the census reports classify different areas as towns (urban) and villages (rural), what is officially noted as a town in the census is based on whether it has a municipality, which is again, determined on the basis of the census operations. It is noted that in the immediate project area, the main occupation of the population is largely non-agricultural. Therefore, presently, most of the "villages".in Kerala, at least those through which the projects roads pass, would qualify as towns. However, they are technically recognised as villages. 3.1.23 Profile of Project affected People The total project affected persons in the nine Links of the Phase I roads are 13,487. The number of males dominates the number of females. This is because in the majority of cases the structures surveyed were used for commercial activities where the males dominate the scene. The residential structures surveyed accounted for 38% of the total number of structures. Therefore, the number of females is necessarily small in this sample and the sex ratio is roughly 441 women per 1000 men. This is not a true representation of the State but a very specific project road situation due to certain ruling parameters. In all the links, males dominate in all the work active age groups of 18-30, 31-50 and 51-60. Even in the 60+ age group males dominate because they are the entitled persons of any proposed affected property. The sex ratio in the 1-17 age group is often even. 3.1.24 Family Economv/Resource Base The survey generated data on the average monthly family income. It also identified the number of persons, 18 years and above, earning an income and also a very small number of persons below 18 years (16 to 18 years of age) earning an income. Link 73, Chenganassery- Alappuzha, records the lowest average monthly family income at Rs. 1218, followed by Link 70, Muvatthpuzha-Thodupuzha, which are even below the State BPL income level. However, the all-link average monthly income stands at Rs. 3906, which is more than the State as well as the national per capita income level. Oerall, 50 to 55% of the PAPs, who are above 18 years of age, are engaged in income earning activity. 3.1.25 Economic Profile The occupation trends have been determiined through the surveys carried out. These surveys gathered information on the main occupation and subsidiary occupation of the project affected persons under the heads as mentioned in Table 3.1. It is noted that no affected person reported having a subsidiary occupation or household industry. The principal occupations reported by the project affected persons are owning shops and businesses and/or working therein as employees. The latter category is included under private service. The "Other activities" include those that do not fall within the defined categories. The percentage calculation has been obtained on the basis of persons (18+ years) earning an income on each of the Links. lI Louis Rerger Intemnational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 16 l I KeralaState TransportProject ExecutiveSummary Table 3.1: OccupationPattern on the ProjectRoads (%) Links 1 2 3 6 40 50.1 70 72 73 No. of persons earning 2009 337 318 1850 790 307 1261 5093 1218 Agiiculture 1.3 1.9 3.1 11.0 0 0 4.0 4.6 0 * Agrculturelabourer 2.7 2.5 1.6 0 0 2.8 6.5 1.7 5.4 Plantation 1.7 2.5 4.7 2.2 0.06 2.0 6.0 3.0 0 Plantation labourer 2.2 1.9 0 0 1.8 2.8 11.3 2.3 0 Allied agri activities _0 0 0 0 3.5 0.4 1.7 3.6 0__ Professional 1.9 5.1 4.7 8.1 1.9 5.5 1.8 2.6 2.7 Government service 0.9 7.6 6.3 5.3 1.9 4.3 0.5 1.5 6.2 Private service 36.6 31.6 41.6 18.0 37.8 31.0 31.4 41.0 5.4 Shops/business 51.7 38.1 34.1 44.4 54.5 40.2 15.8 39.3 46.1 Household indust. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 Other activities 1.0 6.3 1.6 1.0 0.06 6.9 10.0 2.0 2.9 Day labourers 0 2.5 2.3 0.5 1.58 2.8 9.1 2.0 29 Total % 1100 00 421 1950 930 100 1431 5265 100 The category "Government service" includes mostly school teachers and small-scale local level Government staff. No household industries were recorded as affected, although the surveys recorded self-employment training centres for household industries, assisted by the Central Government's scheme of Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWACRA) on a number of links. 3.1.26 Social Profile The three major religious communities of the State are the Hindus, Christians and Muslims. Communities belonging to the three religions inhabit the project road / highway areas. With I reference to the State, it is said that there are 60% Hindus and 20% each of the Christians and Muslims. The socio-economic survey collected information on various social parameters, such as religious identity, caste, and tribe affiliation as the project affected family's social group indicators. The following Table No. 3.2 shows the social profile of the project affected families along the road links of the Phase I project. - - Table 3.2: Social Profile Along the Project Roads / Highways Link PAF Hindu % Christian 0/ Muslim % SC % ST % 1 2209 1206 55 583 26 420 19 18 1 0 2 405 148 37 195 48 62 15 10 3 1 0 3 340 152 45 135 40 53 16 8 o o o 6 1623 623 38 651 40 349 22 14 1 0 0 40 621 194 31 231 37 196 32 4 0 0 0 50.1 525 263 50 71 14 191 36 6 1 0 0 707 766 304 40 330 43 132 17 3 0 - 0 72 867 607 70 97 11 163 19 14 1 10 0 73 98 57 58 33 34 8 8 2 4 l0 0 Total| 7454 3554 48 2326 31 1574 21 79 1 1 0 Kerala is one of the most literate state in the country. This was reflected while identifying the PAPs along the project roads as they showed high literacy/education trend. In the project * area the percentages of literacy in all the project links vary from 79% to 90%, with an all-link percentage of 83. This is much higher than the trend elsewhere in India, although below the Kerala State average figure of 90%. Louis BergerIntemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 17 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3.1.27 Literacy and EducationStatus In keeping with the State's reputation as the most literate State in the country, the PAPs along the project roads also showed high literacy/education trend. In all categories of designated literacy/educational levels, the percentages in all the project links vary from 79% to 90%, with an all-link percentage of 83. This is much higher thap the trend elsewhere in India, although below the Kerala State average figure of 90%. 3.1.28 Urbanisation The most prominent socio-economic characteristics along the project roads is inferred from the growth of small villages to towns. Shops, shopping areas, educational institutions, health care facilities, religious institutions, public utilities such as wells, offices, etc. are to be found I all along the project roads. Urbanisation is also reflected in access to electricity connection and building types. 90% of the affected buildings are of pucca construction. While piped water supply is not common, historically, both the private and public wells have been serving U the drinking water needs of the people of the State. The sample survey showed that more than 70% families had their own wells. Every sample family has a toilet. The social impact surveys gathered information on construction material used in the structures that were to be affected with regard to wall, floor and roof. While in the southern part of the State there is a prevalence of brick walls (Link 6 and 72 having 48% and 74%, respectively), other parts have preference for laterite walls because of its wide availability I there. Overall, brick wall occupies 49% and laterite has 33% share. Mud bricks walls have 10% and the "other" category, including the kutcha structures, has a 8% share. With regard to roof, tiles rank first with 42%, followed by terraced roof (38%). Other roofing materials include thatched (8%) and a combination of tiles and terraced (10%). The "other" category (2%) includes asbestos sheet and any other material. With regard to floor, the concrete variety dominates with 56%, followed by red oxide (28%) and mud floor (12%). I The "other" category (4%) includes marble, mosaic and tiled floor, significantly found on Link 50.1. This information is indicative of the quality of shelter and the resultant quality of 3 life of the project affected population of the Kerala State Transport Project. 3.2 WATERWAYS-ENVIRONMENTAL BASEIINE SCENARIO 3.2.1 Physical Conditions The three pilot waterways chosen for construction activities form a part of the Vembanad Lake (locally referred as Kayal) the biggest water body in the west coast of India. The major portion of the Kayal remains water logged for most of the year. Several rivers - Achenkovil, Pamba, Manimala and Meenachil - discharge their water and sediments into the Kayal. There are two barrages across Vembanad Kayal at Thannirmukkom and Thottapally. Adjacent to I the waterways, the soils are generally sandy although black soils with the appearance of clay were also noted. Much of the land surrounding the waterways is poldered and is below the water level of the waterways. The surrounding areas tend to be moist / marshy or even * inundated except during peak summer. The annual average rainfall in the region varies from 3000 to 4600 mm and results in flooding of the rivers and canals during the South-West Monsoon period from June to September. The temperature in the Vembanad Kayal area I ranges from 20-370C. The major features along the three waterways have been pictorially provided in the three maps overleaf. I Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 18 l I KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary 3.2.2 Sediment quality The construction activities will involve sediment removal / dredging along the waterways and hence the quality of the sediment becomes important. Sediment samples were therefore * collected, tested and analysed for heavy metals and pesticides. Contrary to expectations, the dredged material was found to be free from hazardous contaminants. Of the six heavy metals tested, only Copper and Lead were detected consistently in all sediment samples. This has I been attributed to high run-off from the nearby urban areas. The presence of chromium was reported only in Alappuzha. This is attributed to excessive use of fungicide and phosphatic fertilisers, which tend to have traces of chromium. The concentrations are higher here, as 1 Alappuzha is the lowernost portion of the Vembanad Kayal. Arsenic, Cadmium and Mercury were not detected in any of the samples. All heavy metals are below the standards given in the World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook. There are no Gol standards related to sediment quality. Among pesticides, BHC was detected in all samples. DDT was not detected in any of the samples. DDE, a derivative of DDT, was detected only at Changanassery. The pesticide content has been attributed to agricultural run-off. As the surrounding areas of the waterways form the rice bowl of Kerala, there is a heavy dose of pesticide application. 3.2.3 Water Quality The quality of water in the waterways are reported to have high levels of water pollution. A number of water samples were selected at predetermined stations and important parameters were tested. Faecal coliform was detected in almost all samples. Except at Marthandam, all stations recorded very high concentrations of faecal coliform. This has been attributed to the I discharge of sewage into the waterways and the sanitary practices prevailing in the area. The concentration of oil and grease was found to be high only at Alappuzha Boat jetty. This is due to numerous boats operating in the area. However, the concentrations are not beyond the v Bureau of Indian Standard norms. Changanassery recorded high concentrations of Total Suspended Solids, the pH value was also found to be acidic and the Dissolved Oxygen was found to be low. These concentrations are attributable to the market area adjacent to the boat jetty. All the other stations were found to be normal. 3.2.4 Flora & Fauna The waterways tend to be carpeted with the growth of water hyacinth and other aquatic weeds / floating plants except when there is a heavy flow of water during the monsoon period. Apart from causing hindrance to motorised vessels and country boats, these aquatic weeds / floating plants breeds mosquitoes and creates poor health conditions. Table 3.3 indicates the magnitude of the area affected by the hyacinths. As the surrounding areas are moist I marshy or inundated for most of the year, the species found are those that thrive in water ecosystems. A general mix of shrubs, grass and tree species are found. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CESACT 19 l N KeralaState Transport Project ExecutiveSummary Table 3.3: Magnitudeof the area affectedby Water Hyacinths WATERPREAD AREA ESTIMATEDTO BE CANAL~ ~ ATRSREAD COVEREDWITH WATER (000 MI) HYACINTHS (30% OF TOTAL) Alappuzha - Kottayam (AK) 1,820 546 Alappuzha - Changanaserry (AC) 2,220 666 Kottayam - Vaikom (KV) 860 258 Total 4,900 1,470 There is limited fauna in the waterways. This includes the common fish, amphibians / frogs, mollusc and other aquatic species. While there is no organized fishing done along the waterways, the people living in the surrounding areas fish to mect the daily requirements. I There is also limited hobby fishing done. Avifauna such as crows (house and jungle crows), Tylor bird and snake bird are also found along the waterways. 3 Within 7 km of the waterways, there is the Kumarakom mangrove ecosystem that attracts a large number of birds especially migratory species. This is not a recognized ecosensitive area and is managed privately. This is also not in the immediate vicinity of the waterways. I 3.3 WATERWAYS: SOCIAL BASELINE SCENARIO 3.3.1 Demographicprofile The Pilot Waterways are in the two districts, Alappuzha and Kottayam, which have population of more than 3.8 million (about 13% of Kerala's population). The social l assessment conducted for the project did not identify any tribal population. The land area of these two districts is more than 3600 kM2 , about 9.3% of the State's total. The overall population along the waterways is relatively small. Many of the panchayat areas served by I waterwaysare isolatedand lack other modes of transport. Members of the Scheduled Castes (SC) comprise nearly 10% of Kerala's population. Alappuzha and Kottayam districts, at 9.5% and 7.4% respectively, are below the State average. The SC proportion is higher than average in some places of the project area. These include Vaikom and Vechoor. 1 3.3.2 Socio-economic Profile Social assessment surveys indicated that in addition to 2276 houses along the three canal banks, the canal front communities include 303 other bank-side buildings. These include numerous schools, temples, churches, mosques, hospitals, shops and commercial properties, pump-sheds and agro-industrial enterprises. People living along the banks of the canals * depend on the waterway primarily to carry out their day-to-day existence, such as bathing, washing clothes, retailers selling their wares fromntheir boats, collecting spoil to build bunds, and transport. Bunds and canal embankments are of vital importance both as living space for the communities and as structures that prevent undesired flooding and regulate water levels within the extensive cropped areas during the growing season. To protect their property and I houses, residents build additional temporary sidewalls to increase the height of bank protection around them during the monsoon period. Louis BergerInternational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 20 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I The distribution of the canal-front population and structures for the entire project is shown in Table 3.4. The canal length to be rehabilitated and the density of canal-side population and structures vary considerably within the project area. Approximately 77% of all project- | proposed canal rehabilitation occurs within the first ten panchayats. Four panchayats, Thiravarpu, Kainakari, Kavalam, and Pulinkunnu, account for nearly half of the canal lengths included in the entire project. These panchayats are served-by more than one of the three I canals. The largest canal-front populations are settled in Thiravarpu and Kavalam, closely followed by Alappuzha and Kottayam Municipalities. Greatest densities of houses and all structures occur in the short Changanassery segment of the AC Canal (32/km) and in 3 Aimanam Panchayat (24.71km). Table 3.4: Canal Fronting Houses And Other Structures by LGU* 3 No. LGU | Totallength HH/km Total Total TotalOther Total (km) Structures/km Houses Buildings Structures I Alappuzha 17 19.2 20.B 327 26 353 2 Kainakari 18 10.1 11.3 182 22 204 3 Pulinkunnu 15.4 5.5 7.1 85 24 109 4 Kumarakam 3.3 6.1 7.9 20 6 26 5 Kavalam 16.4 19.3 22.7 317 55 372 * 6 Thiravarpu 18.3 18.3 20.9 334 47 381 7 Kottayam 14.5 19.1 21.7 277 37 314 8 Veliyanad 10.8 17.4 19.2 188 19 207 * 9 Vazhappally 6 17.0 18.3 102 8 110 10 Changanassery 1 32.0 42.0 32 10 42 11 Kumaranellor 5.1 9,0 10.4 46 7 53 12 Aimanamn 10.1 24.7 27.1 249 25 274 13 Arpookara 9.2 12.7 14.6 117 17 134 Total 145.05 - 15.7 17.8 - 2276 303 2579 *Local Government Unit includes both Municipal and Panchayat Areas. Canal-front residences and other structures are greatest in number in the Alappuzha, Thiravarpu, and Kottayam stretches. Altogether, almost 750 houses and other structures I including shops, schools, religious institutions, pump-houses, and other buildings line the canal banks over their approximate length of 23 km. In many cases, housing and other standards are below the average levels for the State. While all Kerala housing construction figures indicate about 56% puicca (high construction standard), 19% semi-pucca (moderate construction standard), and 25% kutcha (mud and V thatch), the canal-fronting population, particularly in the panchayat areas, exhibits a higher percentage of semi-pucca construction. Surveys also enumerated several dozen temporary shelters along canal banks in the reclaimed block areas housing migrant agricultural labourers. Ilousehold electrification is higher than the Kerala average of 48%, but some more remote areas remain without service. Gender dimensions of waterway use are important in the project area. Men and women use and interact with canals and inland waterways in different spheres. As indicated above, women's roles bring them frequently to canal banks for washing, laundry and many other 3 household tasks. Both men and women use the waterways for bathing. Fishing, sand mining and other occupations bring men into contact with inland waters, as does bank and bund repair, another male activity. Both men and women are involved in agricultural labour in the Louis Berger Intemational/SheladiaICES/ICT 21 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary | Kluttanadpaddies, although their roles differ. A high proportion of women work as agriculturallabourers. Generally,waterway communities are less well off than their mainland neighbours.Although they enjoy many of the benefits of the progressive social development policies in Kerala, their access to services and especially to safe water and sanitation are more limited. Literacy I levels are high in the Kuttanadregion. 4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION During the project preparation, public consultation was extensively done in both the Highways and Pilot Waterways component. This exercise involved informing the people I about the project and to invite their comments before finalising the engineering design. The consultationswere carried out with individuals during the screening survey stage and with both individuals & groups during the detailed environmentaland social impact surveys. In I addition, three State level scoping workshopswere conductedin three different key locations. 4.1 PUBLICCONSULTATIONS I The concems / suggestions of the public and how these have considered in the project design and implementation is included in Table 4.1 for the Highways Component and Table 4.2 for the Pilot Waterways Component. l I l 1 l Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CESllCT 2? l - - - m ------m Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Table 4.1: Highways Component - Design Response to Stakeholder/Community Concerns No. Stakeholder or Community Concerns/Suggestions Project Design Outcome/Action Taken 1. Individual Concerns/Suggestions I Road congested; footpath, cycle path and parking area necessary Footpaths and street lighting have been provided in the design for school and congested areas and parking areas provided in market areas. 2 Road should not be widened because poor people with small land areas will be displaced and Not a design concern. Consultations explained to the people that lose jobs road improvement will be done in an agreeable manner and those affected would be compensated and assisted with resettlement and rchabilitation. 3 Drainage and water logging problems should be removed The project design has provision for covered drains in town areas and line drain in other areas. 4 Protection of paddy fields; provision of slopes The design has taken care of this. 5 Road safety problems: road signing, speed reducing bumps, curve straightening and sight Road signing and lining have been proposed. Realignments and distance needed bypasses have taken care of the curve problems to a large extent. 6 Increase the tarrinigarea width by 2m on both sides It was explained that it was not economical except wheni auxiliary lanes are justified by projected traffic usage. 7 Provide bus bay at the stops and build waiting sheds with adequate size and facility Bus lay bys have been planned as per land availability. I Plant trees like teak, mango, etc. by the sides of the roads to prevent soil erosion. flas been addressed in the Environmental Management Plan and strategy explained to the people. 9 Build a circle at the Nedumbassery International Airpon junction. This road link has been omitted. 10 Insist on rubberised tarring. Rubber Modified Bitumen has been investigated and is being integrated into the project specification on a pilot basis. I I Provide signal post at every junction. Not recommended but a system of priorities has been designed for each major junction. 12 Provide provision for crossing of cables and pipelines at periodic distances in order to prevent Has been incorporated in dcsigns. _ cutting of road in future. 13 Provide perrnanent arrangements for laying of cables, pipelines, etc. by the side of the road to Has been incorporated in dcsigns for urban arcas. prevenitperiodic cutting of the roadsides. 14 At least 2m each on both sides of the tarring area of the road should be kept free of anything. It was explained to the people that this suggestion was not practical due to land scarcity. 15 Avoid height difference between soil area and tarring area at both sides of the road. Agreed good highways practice and has been incorporated in designs. 16 Use reflectors to show the demarcation line. Cat's eyes are not general practice but have been recommended. 17 Perumbavoor Bypass: the proposed bypass crosses the canal. Which Department (PWD or The bypass proposal has been dropped. Irrigation)will undertake the execution works? (The existing narrow road is the canal patrol _ Louis Berger International/SheladiaICES/ICT 23 -- - m m - - m m ------ Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary No. Stakeholder or Community Concerns/Suggestions Project Design Outcome/Action Taken road, discharge 1.095 cusec, bed vidth 0.90 m, trapezoidal canal. 18 Timber industry on Link 6, Perumbavoor Bypass: Please save the area. The industry gives The design engineers and the PWD engineers jointly inspected the jobs to 30 persons residing in the premises. The industry was set up with a huge investment, site and altered the alignment to save the industry. including bank loans, yet to be paid back. There is no suitable area nearby to relocate. (The bypass proposal has been dropped) 19 Delta Plywoods, Link 6, Perumbavoor Bypass: The proposed bypass divides the industry The design engineers and the PWD engineers jointly inspected the compound into two and the plywood drying area is affected. The industry engages over 100 site and altered the alignment to save the industry. employees all of whom will be rendered jobless. A huge investment, Rs. 20 million, was nmadeto set up the industry. (The bypass proposal has been dropped) 20 Principal, Marthoma Women's College, Link 6, Perumbavoor Bypass: The proposed design The design engineers and the PWD engineers jointly inspected the of the bypass touches the main building constructed at a cost of Rs. 5 million. A bypass close site and altered the alignmcnt to save the college building. to a women's college invites anti-social elements. The college authorities plan to construct a It was pointed out that the bypass would be constructed on the ladies' hostel also on the top floor of the main bujildiingwhich will be facing the new bypass. existing road. Hence, the argument about the anti-socials is not valid. (The bypass proposal has been dropped.) 2 Link 6, Perumbavoor Bypass: The Vattakattupadi-Pattal road can be widened and the The design engineers and the PIU engineers jointly inspected the alignment could be made through the back side of a temple and away from the college and site and altered the alignment to save the temple, school and the school. college. (The bypass proposal has been dropped) 22 Suggests BTR number and Field Survey Maps should be consulted and compared before field Suggestion well taken. investigation for identifying encroachment. 23 Link 35: Unauthorised building extensions (charthiu)on public lands from Puthenkurisu The matter was referred to the PWD and Muvattupuzha Junction to Muvattupuzha Junction should be demolished. Municipality. (Thiis Link has been dropped from the project.) 24 Link 35: A hump with signing is required in front of each school gate at Chowata and Design engineers have taken note of this. Kizhunmadu. 25 Link 35: There arc 80 blind studenitsin the school. Traffic contrtol rcquiired for their safe Road signing for speed limits and presence of traffic personnel passage. recommended. 26 Link 35: Sand loaded trucks are seriously damaginig the road top. The matter referred to the Perumbavoor Municipality.. 11.Focus Group Concerns/Suggestions I Focus group discussion with residents at a proposed realignment site on Link 1. Queries Sulveyors informed them of the cxtent of affected properties and included: the level of compensation, which would be given at the market The extent to which their properties would he affected and the level of comnensation. pricc. Louis Berger Intomational/Sheladia,/CES/ICT 24 - m m - - - - m ------m Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary No. Stakeholder or Community Concerns/Suggestions Project Design Outcome/Action Takein They suggested a footpath from Kuravankuzhy to Nilamel for the safety of pedlestrians, The Consultants have already planned the footpath in the area. especially school children of the area who go to a nearby school. Because of the straightening effort, properties on the right side are If properties on the right side are also affected. not affected. If produce could be harvested and trees cut before the acquisition. They were informed that they would be allowed to harvest their An affected widow with a child will be losing her entire property of 5 cenlts (200 sq. ni). She produce. should be given at least an equal size of land and a house to live in nearby. The RAP deals with this situation. The road should be rubberised and speed limit reduced. Rubber Modified Bitumen has been investigated and is beiig The gathered affected people examined the strip plan and wanted to know why a sharp curve integrated into the project specification on a pilot basis. between chainage 52.500 and 52.600 after Chadayamangalam is not being straightened. Straightening at this particular spot was not found technically They remarked that this particular curve is a frequent accident spot. The situation has been feasible. Encroachment recommended to be cleared by the aggravated by a recent encroachment on the left side of the curve by a mosque-like project authorities. structure. The Resettlement & Rehabilitation Principles and Policy The affected persons suggested that, being from socially and financially backward groups, a Framework already is in place and the RAP is a pro-active tool rehabilitation plan should be in place before the actual roadwork started. They assured the to mitigate the PAP's problems. surveyors of their full support to the road upgrading process if such a pro-active scenario prevails. 2 Focus group discussion with residents and agricultural landholders at a proposed bypass site It was found that the available Govemment land width is of 1.5 on Link 26. A local NGO, Valiyakandaim Padasekhara Samniti, attended the meeting. They metres width which is necessary to retain for inspection track. handed a memorandum to the surveyors. Their suggestions included: In addition, land will be required for building a retaining wall to By making appropriate changes in the design, the road may be constiucted along the left side retain land. The suggestion is not technically feasible. of the paddy field, as this side contains Government land of 3 metres width on both sides There are many acute curves on the existing 40 ft wide road and of the canal. many buildings along it will have to be demolished if this road There is already a road of 40 ft width from Vellayamkudy Junction (chainage 82.200) to is to be improved as a bypass. It was explained that the Jnattuvettappadi. It is better to widen this road rather than make a bypass, which may suggestion was not technically, socially and economilically cause economic loss to the Government. viable. In the present design, the road deviates from chainage 3.000 to reach chainage 3.200 which It was explained that this suggestion, if accepted, would actually is a paddy field. Due to this deviation, about 6 families and their agricultural lands will be cause more properties to be affected. affected. The road can be aligned straight from chainage 2.800 along the land boundaries (Road Link 26 has been dropped for the present and may be of St. George FeroniaChurch to reach the paddy field mentioned above. considered in Phase 11. At that stage, these comments will be incorporated) 3 Focus group discussion with residents at a proposed bypass site on Link 6. Issues raised The PWD has addressed this issue. included: The design has been changed. The local people voiced concern at the lack of available information about the project. The social impact surveyors explained to the people the Approximately 10 brand new buildings will be demolished between chainage 2.200 and compensation levels and how land value is to be calculated 3.200; from the R&R policy document. Compensation level, land value; The design engineers along with the PWD engineers jointly The proposed bypass affects a school, a college and a temple and a canal. Canal irrigation inspected the site and altered the design to save these Louis Berger Iiter-nlational/SlheladiaJCES/ICT 25 - - m ------m - - - m Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary No. Stakeholder or Community Concerns/Suggestions Project Design Outcome/Action Taken was started in the area some 35 years ago and it is important to retain this. The alignment properties and the canal. needs to be revised. As in 4 above. A suggested option: The bypass should be realigned through the side of a pond and paddy field between Chira and the bridge crossing Poopari Road. 4 Focus group discussion with housewives at a proposed bypass site on Link 6. Issues raiscd The PWD have been requested to address this issue. included: This option suggested by the proposed affected people involving a The local people voiced concern at the lack of available information about the project. longer route was not found technically and economically While the people are not against the idea of the bypass, they are concerned about the large- feasible. It is true that many persons and properties at the entry scale loss of properties. They offered a possible option: the bypass could be started two and the exit of the bypass, touching the M.C. Road will be furlongs away from Vallam Junction through the paddy field at Cheenkukugarapadam, adversely affected. Hence, the bypass has been droppcd. parallel to Poopani Thodu. It could continue straighitthrough the Poopani bridge. It is not The project is sensitive to these issues and has taken note of the clear why the bypass is proposed to turn right from Malamuri. It could make a left turn people's legitimate concerns. from Malamuri and bypass the town. The proposed affected people suggested that this meeting should have been held before the topographic survey. A survey for a new road is like a sudden natural calamity and people get mental problems, leading to suicides. Even prospective marriages in the area have been called off. 5 Focus group discussion with residents at a proposed bypass site on Link 60, mostly The social impact surveyors explained to the gathered affected agricultural landholders. A local NGO, Padasekhara Samili, attended the meeting. They people that the R&R Policy Framework specifically addresses handed a niemoranclum to the surveyors. Issues raised included: this issue in clause No. 7.2, which states that if PAP/PDP When a piece of agricultural land is acquired for the project, small plots will be halved withi loses >75% of his land, he has a right to seek acquisition of small pieces on either side of the acquircd land. These small pieces will not be viable to the his remaining contiguous property that may become unviable landholder. The Government should buy the remaining land also. for him. The paddy field at chainage 2.300 gets submerged by 3 metres during the rainy season. If the The engineering design has provided a slab culvert at this location field is filled up this water will enter the nearby plots. to prevent the problem raised by the local people. Culverts should be provided at proper locations for proper drainage. The "proper location" The project has provided for culverts wherever necessary and the shouldcbe discussed with the local people. design plan is flexible. The "proper location." as suggested by Some amount of money should be given in advance to the persons to be resettled for finding the people, could be accommodated at the time of the and constructing suitable houscs before they are displaced. implementation of the project. If the bypass is aligned along Areacode (Court Junction)- Kulakkamdam -Chakkalakuthu- The people were informed that the R&R policy framework has Mukatta, the new road can be constructed by widening the existing road. provisions to address this concern. The existing road is very narrow and it will not be cost effective to follow this suggestioni. Louis Berger International/SheladiaICES/ICT 26 m - --- - m m ------ Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Table 4.2: Pilot Waterways Component - Design Response To Stakeholder And Community Concerns No. Stakelbolders or Commllunity Concerns / Suggestions Project Design Outcome / Action Taken I Potenlial maintenance inadcquacies ProjcCtilcluLdes maintenance component with plan and budget. RAP provisions provide for > . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~panchanyatinvolvementand monitoring 2 Insufficient participation Participation mainstreamed in project preparation. RAP provides for sustained participation of the project autlhoritiesand the project affected household during implementation. 3 Lack of transparency Project preparation featured disclosure and dissemination of project information to project > _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~areagovemnmentsand populations. 4 Insensitivity to social and environmental dimensions Project was subjected to thorough social and environmental assessment, incorporates social and environmental inputs in design and includes social and environmental action plans. 5 Non-adherence to environmental requirements and Project satisfies all donor, GOI and GOK environmental requirements and will be subject to regulations GOK and World Bank clearance. 6 Lack of coordination among government agencies Project preparation featured extensive involvement of government agency stakeholders and RAP provides for enhanced coordination between the ID and other agencies. 7 Potential resettlement and rehabilitation failures Project design eliminates need for resettlement and rehabilitation and includes mitigation for other social impacts. 8 Lack of comprehensive transport sector planning Over all project includes highway and IWT components and fosters comprehensive approach to transport sector. 9 Ineffective development of national IWT system Project preparation has identified weaknesses in national IWT development as perceived by stakeholders and other users. Project complements and encourages enhanced national IWT development. I 0 Neglect of IWT potential IWT Pilot Project identifies IWT potential and provides framework, approach, and master plan for realizing IWT potential. I II Necessity of transport sector improvements for tourism Project rehabilitation support on-going and tourism development anticipated in project Area. development 12 Need for integrated approaches to watcrway Project preparation featured integrated approach to IWT rehabilitation and RAP and EMAP revitalization provide for attention to broader dimensions of waterways revitalisation. 13 Sensitivity of Kuttanad water regime and environment Project design is sensitive to Kuttanad environment and water regime. The EMAP includes appropriate mitigations and support capacity building in ID, local governments, and groLIps to maintain and enhance environment. 14 Potential for adverse impacts on local agriculture Project design avoids impacts on agricultural lands and operations and IWT rehabilitation benefits agricultural production and transport of labour, other inputs and harvests. 15 Avoidance of interventions af'fecting bunds and Project design minimises impacts on bunds and embankments, provides for repair and embankmcnts rehabilitation of damaged bunds and embankments, and includes major bank protection and ______strengthening. Louis Berger Inteniational/SheladiaICES/ICT 27 - -- - - m - - - m - - - - - m - - m - - Kerala State Transport Project Executivc Summary No. Stakeholders or Community Concerns / Suggestions Project Design Outcome / Action Taken 16 Respect for indigenous bund construction technologies Project design features indigenous bund construction technologies and locally sensitive and appropriate enhancements. 17 Apprehension over potential canal widening, Extensive local consultation, dissemination of project information, transparency in project displacement, and inadequlate compensation preparation, and socially sensitive design eliminating widening and displacement have allayed apprehensions and enhanced acceptability and support for project. 18 Apprehension over potential dredging and damage to Extensive local consultation, dissemination of project information, transparency in project bunds and embankments preparation, and socially sensitive design minimizing dredging and impacts on bunds and embankments have allayed apprehension and enhanced acceptability and support for project. 19 Urgent necd for safe drinking water The EMAP contains provisions to mitigate project impacts on water quality, assist .9 vulnerable groups, and increase public awarcness and advocacy for water supply and sanitation improvements. 20 Need for support for agricultural and fisheries The project design features provisions of these development needs. development and improved health, electricity, and other public services 21 Need for roads, bridges, and improved non-IWT access Project provides significant strengthening and improvement of existing bridges and footbridges. 22 Need for bund and embankment strengthening and Project provides for major bund and embankment strengthening and protection. protection 23 Need for improved IWT service and facilities Project provides for major improvements in IWT facilities including terminals, jetties, landings, waiting shed; and for improvements in navigation and operations that promote improved service. 24 Need for attention to dcteriorating water quality, Project design includes attcntion to water hyacinth problems. The EMAP address pollution pollution, and water hyacinth problems from tourist houseboats and provide fbr enhanced local capacity to address other water quality and pollution concerns. 25 Need to schedule dredging to minimize community The EMAP and contract specifications provide for LGU and community participdtion and - inconvenience inputs during implementation to minimize dredging and other construction impacts. 26 Concern with impacts of increased tourism including As above, the EMAP addresses tourism development concerns and promotes solutions to _ pollution from houseboats houseboat generated pollution. Louis Ber-gerInternational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 28 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 4.2 PLAN FOR CONTINUED PARTICIPATION 4.2.1 Responsibilityfor continuedconsultations The project ensures and will continue to do so that the affected population and other stakeholders are informed, consulted and allowed to participate actively during the implementation of the project. The NGO Project Managers (appointed for RAP implementation) will be responsible for carrying out public consultations on a continuing basis during the implementation of the project, and the R&R Officer & Environmental Officer in the Environmental and Social Management | Cell of the PWD will be responsible for monitoring this activity. 4.2.2 Suggestions for Future Consultation The suggested consultations to be carried out throughout the project period are outlined in Table 4.3: Table 4.3: FutureConsultations and ContinuedParticipation Mechanisms ProjectStage PAPs andRepresentatives NGOs Local Offcials * Receiveinformation on * Designand carryout * Assist in census and socio- projectimpacts. informationand economicsurvey. * Participatein coordination suggestions. * AssistNGO in information committee. * Assist in censusand dissemination. I * Participatein census socio-economic * Participatein arrange surveys. survey. consultations. * Pasrticipatein * Participatein * ArrangePAP transportto consultationsto develop coordination consultationsites. ldentification IG programmes. committee. * Assist in the documentation * Keeprecords of * Participatein of the consultations. consultations. consultations. . Examinethe feasibilityof the I * Chooseresettlement * Representationson IG programmesand discuss alternativesor housing grievancetribunals, with PAPs. schemes. * FacilitatePAP inter- * Inputs of designof groupmeetings. resettlementlocations. * Participatein grievance tribunals. I * Monitorthe provisionsof * Provideup dated * ProcessIG proposals. entitlement. informationon PAPs. ! * Participatein grievance * Labourand other inputat * Providesupport in redress. site. group management. * Provide assistance under * Credit and other group * Monitorentitlement local schemes. scheme management. provisionand * Membershipof Implementation * Managementof sites and implementationof IG implementationcommittee. project input. programmes. * Processdocuments for * Managementof common * Membersof welfare and socio-economic propertyresources. implementation services(e.g., BPL card). * Memberof committee. implementation committee. * Participate in grievance * Provideinformation on * Interactionwith PAPs to tribunals. project staffon identifyproblems in IG Monitoringand * Report to project in IG vulnerablegroups. programmes. Evaluation schemes. * Participatein correctional *Report on service quality strategies. on sites. _* Provideinputs to M&F. | Louis BergerInternational/Sheladia!CES/'ICT 29 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 4.2.3 Follow-upConsultations As part of the proposed future consultations, a follow-up public consultation at State level was organised at Thiruvananthapuram on August 24, 2001. The findings of the social and environmental impact surveys and the Resettlement Action Plap were discussed at great length in this consultation. Apart from the general public, NGOs and other professionals attended the consultation in large numbers. The proceedings of this meeting are being compiled separately. Two other similar consultations in the central and northern parts of the State are proposed during November-December 2001. Two local level follow-up consultations have been held at Muvattupuzha, combining roads links 6 and 70 on October 5, 2001 and at Valakom, combining road links 1 and 2 on October 6, 2001. All the proceedings of the follow-up consultations will be presentedseparately on completion. 4.2.4 Public Disclosure With 90% people of the State literate and with widespread newspaper readership, information dissemination is relatively easy. A copy each of the RAP, EIA and EMP will be kept at the District Information Office of each project affected district. The Executive Summaries of these documents have been disclosed in September 2001 at selected Panchayat and Municipal offices along the project roads. Advertisements asking interested people to refer to these documents in these locations have already been published in the newspapers. The Malayalam version of the Executive Summary of these documents will be kept at affected village offices, in addition to the respective District Information Office. Table 4.4 includes the list of ]ocations along the various Phase I roads / highways and the pilot waterways where these EA & SA outputs can be accessed. These documents will also be available at the World Bank Info shop at Washington, DC and World Bank Public Information Centre, New Delhi. 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 5.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT 5.1.1 "With" and "No Action" Alternative The "With and "No Action" project scenarios were studied keeping in view the current capacity / conditions of the project roads I highways, the population pressures and the growth in vehicle usage. The existing roads / highways will be unable to meet the increased demands and will result in unsafe conditions and further environmental degradation. The "No Action" alternative would also impede economic development. The "With" scenario, on the other hand, has been determined to be economically viable and would alleviate these conditions to a large degree. It would, therefore, contribute to the development goals of the State, improve road safety conditions, enhance economic efficiency and growth potential, improve the 'quality of life' and livelihood of the State. Potential negative environmental impacts associated with the "With" scenario can be avoided through good engineering practice and, where warranted, appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures. Accordingly, it has been determined that the "No Action" Alternative is not a reasonable or prudent course of action in an overall sense. Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CESfICT 30 I KeralaState TransportProject ExecutiveSummary Table 4.4: Public Disclosure Locations for EA & SA outputs Link Route Description Locations Highways- Package 1 I Taikkod - Kottarakkara Panchayat Office at Vamanapuram, Valakam & Kottarakkara 2 Kottarakkara - Adur Panchayat Office, Kottarakkara, Municipal office Adur 3 Adur - Chengannur Municipal office AdurMunicipal Office, Chengannur 72 Taikkod - Kazhakkuttam Village office Koliyakod 73 Alappuzha - Changanassery Panchayat Office, Nedumudi Highways - Package 3 I 6 Muvattupuzha - Angamali Municipal Office Angamali and Muvattupuzha 70 Muvattupuzha - Thodupuzha Municipal Office Thodupuzha and Muvattupuzha Highways- I Package 4 40 Thrissur - Kuttipuram Municipal Office, Kunnamkulam 50.1 Palakkad - Shornur Panchayat Office, Shomur I Pilot KV canal,AK Canal and AC PanchayatOffice, Nedumudi Waterways Canal Cornonent 3 In consideration of the 'No Action' Alternative, certain roads / highways near the ecologically sensitive areas have not been considered for improvement / upgradation. These include Kumili- Poopara, Kuttiyadi-Kellur, Vypin-Pallipuram and Narukara-State border. Some of these roads have been considered for maintenance activities under this project. 5.1.2 Design Decision Constraints For Various Alternatives During the EA / SA process, there were several discussions between the Environmental, Social and the Engineering teams on the project design. A major outcome of these discussions was related to the width and design standards of the roads / highways. The widening width for the improvement / upgradation was restricted to a maximum of 15m as against an IRC standard width of 20m. This will keep the social and environmental impacts to a minimum particularly in this project as the built-up areas and ribbon development is substantial. This has also resulted in the significant reduction in land acquisition costs. Public consultations revealed a need for a much greater attention to road safety. Provision of foot paths, bus bays, parking areas, curve improvements, and junction improvements have been 3 integrated into the designs so as to reduce the accident rates and enhance road safety. 5.1.3 Bypass Alternatives I During the EA / SA process, some bypass alternatives were considered due to the constraints for widening and road safety issues that were identified during consultations. Two bypasses were proposed for the Phase I roads and four bypasses in the Phase II roads to bypass the major towns.These are included in Table 5.1 along with their present status. Following the analysis, it was decided not to take any bypasses in Phase I of the project. Louis Berger IntemationaljSheladia/CES/ICT 31 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Table 5.1: BypassAlternatives Considered SL. LINK PHASE I URBAN/SEMI STATUS OF THE BYPASS AS ON LENGTH (KM) NO NO OR URBANAREA OCTOBER2001 PHASE 2 OR TOWN TOWN BYPASS ROUTE ROUTE I 4 2 Kottayam Phase II - Under consideration 7 8 2 4 2 Changanaserry Phase II - Under consideration 4.5 4.2 3 4 2 Thiruvalla Phase II - Under consideration 2.03 2.1 Dropped from further consideration due * 4 6 1 Perumbavoor to the extent of paddy field conversion 4 4.5 and other social impacts 7 3/4 2 Chengannur Phase II - Under consideration 2.4 3.0 J 8 60 1 Nilambur The project road itself dropped 4.05 5.96 2 Phase II - Under Consideration - A 9 26 Kattapana shorter alignment alternative is being - 4.42 l _ _ studied 5.1.4 Realignment Alternatives The winding nature of roads in Kerala necessitate considerable straightening in order to improve the road safety and also design speeds. The realignments avoid considerable social impacts but I some of these realignments pass through paddy fields, which are a sensitive issue from land use perspective. Therefore, realignments have been kept to a minimum and retained only if it is absolutely necessary. After a detailed assessment, 64 minor realignments have been considered in the nine highways / roads of Phase I. This is really the bare minimum considering the meandering nature of the project roads / highways. | 5.1.5 JunctionAlternatives The standard IRC layout for junctions of major routes provides for long visibility splays and large turning radii. The alternative to the IRC design was the use of sequence-controlled traffic signals and the use of mini-roundabouts. These alternatives were considered specific to the various road locations along the improvement / upgradation roads. As junction improvements I require land, these have been included in 28 locations in Phase I after careful consideration of land availability. Mini roundabouts have also been included in specific locations. | 5.1.6 Road Cross-SectionAlternatives Having fixed the maximum width at 15m, a menu of four cross sections specifically tailored to the conditions along the individual sections of the highways / roads were considered. Three of these cross-sections are being applied. While deciding on the cross-sections, environmental and social considerations have also been incorporated. For instance, in the paddy field areas, the cross-section with retaining walls were considered. 5.1.7 Pavement Alternatives In line with the State Government decision to promote the local rubber industry (natural rubber is available in plenty), the project has considered using rubberized bitumen initially in one or two sections of selected highways / roads for improvement I upgradation on an experimental basis. The performance in the three physiographic regions - highland, midlaindand lowland - will be 3 Louis Berger lnternational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 32 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary studied. If the results are promising, the project will use rubberized bitumen widely. This will give a tremendous boost to the rubber industry. 5.1.8 Maintenance Alternatives For the Highways Maintenance Component, three treatment ahematives were considered. These alternatives do not have any environmental and social relevance. 5.2 PILOT WATERWAYS COMPONENT 5.2.1 "With"and "No Action"Alternative Traffic on existing roads / highways has increased to saturation levels with high rates of pollution, congestion and accidents. Studies show that the current imbalance in modal share can be corrected to some extent, by rehabilitating the inland water transport system. The inland water transport system can share a large volume of traffic, particularly in the coastal belt. In addition, it can support the efforts to promote intemational tourism based on the rich backwater resources of the State. The proposed Pilot Waterways Component is restricted to three canals to experiment the feasibility of using the waterways (the State has more than 175 feeder / link canals with a total navigable length of 1160 km) an alternate mode of transport. The experience gained will be used to develop a Master Plan for the revival of the entire waterways. The State intends developing the waterways through private sector investments. The "With" Alternative is designed to help in taking the process of using the waterways a step further. And, the "No Action" alternative will only delay the further consideration using the State waterways as an alternative mode of transport. The "With" alternative considers various design options to decide the best cost-effective design that would have the least negative environmental and social consequences, and also maximises benefits. 5.2.2 Reason for choosing the waterways Three waterways / canals were selected by the Irrigation Department under this project taking into account how the canal network links to towns / industrial centers and the current infrastructure available (boat operations and jetty locations). This was selected because it was felt that these waterways will generate the maximum economic development of the region. Besides this prime criteria , the other parameters considered were the traffic potential, present hardship faced by farmers and poor agricultural workers due to lack of adequate transport, expected impacts on poverty alleviation, inter-modal linking of terminals, continuity with the National Waterway being currently developed from Kottapuram to Kollam and international tourism potential. After selecting these waterways, studies were carried out to ensure that the environmentaland social consequencescan be mitigated. 5.2.3 Design alternatives The present width of the three waterways ranges from 15-20m. Three cross-section options were considered: 15m wide & 1.8m depth, 17.50m wide & 2.2m depth, and 20m wide & 2.5m depth. These three options had varying requirements of land acquisition and quantity of dredge material to be removed. The larger the cross-section, the greater will be the land requirement and the volume of material to be dredged. The second option was selected because it was considered to be of optimum width. Although the first option will have lesser environmental and social consequences, the waterways will fall short of the basic minimum requirements for encouraging 3 Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 33 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary private sector investments. 6 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 6.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 6.1.1 Impact on Climate and geology No significant impacts to the climatic conditions or micro climatic conditions are anticipated. Therewill be no impacts on the geologyas well. 6.1.2 Impact on Physiography In all improvement / upgradation roads, there will an increase in the embankment height in certain sections. This will marginally impact the physiography of the areas. 6.1.3 Impacton Soils & Constructionmaterials There will be some soil erosion during the construction phase, particularly in the new embankments of the improvement / upgradation roads. Borrow material will be required for the sub-grade and borrow areas will have to be opened. While quarry dust and sand will be used for construction purposes, some amount of river sand will also be used in the improvement / upgradation roads. The removal of river sand will create an environmental impact. The stone aggregates will be collected from the identified quarries and there will be some impacts during quarrying. 6.1.4 Water resources & quality impacts In terms of water availability, the project will not have any adverse impact. For instance, the requirement in Phase I for the upgradation / improvement is 10,000 litres per day per km, which will vary across different seasons. The quantity required will be easily met from the 75 (approx.) water bodies (rivers, lakes, streams and ponds) adjacent to the project roads / highways. Due to soil erosion, these water bodies will be adversely affected if proper care is not taken. Other water sources such as public water supply system, public open well, bore well and water tanks will also be selectively affected as these are located within the construction area of the roads / highways. There will be limited negative impact on the quality of water in the water bodies due to soil erosion during construction if adequate mitigation measures are not implemented. In the operational phase, water quality may show slight improvements due to reduced erosion. 6.1.5 Drainageimpacts The drainage along the upgradation roads / highways will improve due to the new culverts / cross-drainage structures and side drains. There will be increased runoff due to widening of the roads / highways, but the impact will be negligible statistically. Along the maintenance roads, there will be better drainage due to the cleaning of culverts, other cross-drainage structures and side drains. Louis Berger InternationallSheladia,'CES/ICT 34 l l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I X 6.1.6 Air QualityPotential Impacts There will be some negative air quality impacts during the construction phase of the project that is typical of road construction activities. However, the air quality during the operational phase of the project are expected to be positive due to the improved road / highway conditions. 6.1.7 Noise impacts During the construction phase, the equipment operation may be the single most disturbing source of offensive noise. In the operational phase, the noise levels are expected to decrease considerably due to reduced congestion. In spite of the general reduction in noise levels, some of the sensitive receptors will require some mitigation measures due to the close proximity to the highways / roads. For instance, in Link 6 (Chainage 206) of the Phase I project, there is a hospital in Muvattupuzha, which will be adversely impacted. 6.1.8 Flora & Fauna Impacts Roadside trees in the construction area of the upgradation / improvement roads will have to be cut. These trees - either public or private ownership - have different girth sizes, which vary from 3 1-4 m. Most of the trees are not planted but grow naturally. Table 6.1 provides the total trees to be cut in each upgradation / improvement road / highway in Phase I. | Table 6.1: Tree Removal along the Upgradation I Improvement Roads of Phase I Link (kms) Public Private Trees Total Trees______ l 1 (46.000) 116 119 235 2 (20.850) 144 25 169 3. (23.590) 37 7 44 6 (33.800) 56 1 !7 40 (32.980) 105 23 128 50.1(45.300) 177 18 195 70 (17.700) 59 11 70 72 (12.580) 51 87 138 73 (24.140 158 2 160 Total (256.940): 903 293 1196 Apart from roadside trees, there are no other direct impacts on flora. There will be no impacts on fauna as well. There are no ecosensitive areas in the Phase I project upgradation / improvement roads and hence there will be no impacts. Some of the maintenance roads pass near or close to ecosensitive areas and some induced impacts can be expected. Additional mitigation measures to address these to the extent possible have been specified in the ESMP. In Phase II, there are some roads U that pass through ecosensitive areas. The nature of these impacts will have to be further studied through detailed project-level EAs and appropriate EMPs developed. Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 35 KeralaState TransportProject ExecutiveSummary 6.1.9 Cultural Property Impacts As there are several temples, churches, mosques and shrines along the project roads, these will be partially impacted. In Phase 1, a total of 36 religious structures will be impacted. The nature of impacts will be very minor, e.g. the impact on the compound wall or a money collecting box / hundi along the ROW. 6.1.10 Paddy Fields Impacts The conversion of paddy field for other land use application is an important concern in Kerala. During the construction phase, there is a potential for the use of paddy fields for borrow areas, if proper mitigation measures are not followed. 6.2 HIGHWAYS: SOCIAL IMPACTS 6.2.1 Standard Avoidance A joint decision among the engineering, environmental and social impact project preparation teams was taken to avoid land take from religious structures, such as, churches, mosques, temples, graves, sacred groves, etc., congested market areas (which would save both displacement and livelihoods as well as excessive costs), and avoid splitting agricultural fields as far as possible. A set of guidelines with social concern was prepared for the reference of the designengineers. 6.2.2 Corridor of Impact The corridor of impact (COI) is the width required for the actual construction of the road, including the new pavements, footpaths, shoulders, support slopes, embankments, drainage, and necessary safety zones. Within this corridor, there will be no structure or hindrance. The COI is, thus, the area that will be impacted by the proposed project. The widening exercise has been strictly limited to the existing COI and where this has not been possible and compound walls and/or buildings have been affected, considerations were made on the number of affected compound walls and/or buildings on either side of the road in a given area. The side having the less number of affected properties was chosen for the widening side as a measure of minimising impacts. This information is evident in the strip maps and the road design maps. Kerala being a land-scarce State and the roads here being typically narrow, to upgrade the project roads to IRC (Indian Road Congress) recommended standards of 30m for four-laning would have affected a very large number of people and properties. Even a compromise corridor width of 23m would have affected a large number of people and properties. Although efforts have been made to confine the road improvements to the existing right of way, this has not always been possible because of the topography and curves. The project has generally considered a 12- 15m COI for a 7-metre carriageway. Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 36 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 6.2.3 Loss of Community Resources Ribbon development along the roads is a part of the habitation pattern in Kerala; hence, the loss of most prevalent common property resources (CPR) i.e 117 are the roadside public wells, hand pumps, water taps, large trees, and bus stops/shelters owned by the municipalities and the panchayaths and public institutions like schools and hospitals, which will be replaced by the project authorities or civic authorities. Several cultural properties i.e. 36 are also affected. Every attempt has been made in the design to save the roadside hospital, school and other educational institution buildings. If they are affected, it is only their compound wall and part of the compound that will be required for the project. 6.2.4 Minimising Resettlement Several measures have been adopted for minimising resettlement in the KSTP. These include applying alternative alignments, and modifying the design according to the suggestions of the affected persons to minimise their problems. Table 6.2 indicates that after integrating the social concerns there has been a considerable reduction in the negative social impacts. The impact on the total population has been reduced by I approximately 50%. The number of project displaced persons has been reduced by approximately 76%. The impact on the buildings has been considerably reduced by approximately 64% and 71% for residential and commercial, respectively. Agricultural land is I not included in this comparison because the agricultural land was required and included as a result of the final engineering design. Data obtained through the field surveys indicate that of the 3287 residential and commercial affected structures, 1437 or 44% comprise structures where I only the boundary wall or part of the compound have been affected. The existence of the boundary walls has actually saved a large number of affected families, total 2287, from being 2 ~~~displaced. displaced. Table 6.2: Minimising Negative Social Impact (Phase l) Road No. of PAP No. of PDP No. of Affected Buildings * Links Residential Commercial** Before* After# Before* After# Before* After# Before* After# Link 1 6571 3408 1146 383 601 254 1452 490 Link 2 1354 587 156 76 432 140 277 87 Link 3 1502 455 185 25 667 147 654 94 Link 6 5865 3703 1116 67 817 319 1001 432 Link 40 2105 1408 299 36 436 213 499 91 I Link 50.1 3551 857 573 87 253 113 842 145 Link 70 1955 1314 270 149 392 159 467 124 Link 72 2300 1129 436 201 437 246 322 188 Link 73 1291 626 144 14 452 17 317 28 Total: 26494 13487 4325 103 8 4487 1608 5831 1679 * Before integrating social aspects # After integrating social aspects ** Residential-cum-commercial structures are included in the commercial structure category Louis Berger lnternational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 37 l I Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3 6.2.5 Overall Affected and Displaced People Overall, the Phase I projects affects 13487 persons - of which 7454 are project affected families, * 859 are project displaced families, and 1038 are project displaced persons. Table 6.3 shows the distribution of the project affected families and the extent of land take. The residential-cum- commercial mixed category has been included in the regular commercial category. Of the 7454 PAFs, 6556 or 88% are titleholders. Of the non-titleholders, 823 are tenants, 46 squatters and 29 encroachers. | Table 63: Number of Affected Families and Land Take (Phase I) Links Link Name Residential Commercial Agricultural Govt. Other Total * LaksLlk Nme PAF Ha PAF Ha PAF Ha Ha PAF Ha PAF Ha I Kottarakkara 430 4.95 1490 1.62 187 8.06 0.51 102 1.08 2209 16.21 l 2 Kottarakkara- I .26 155 0.45 44 2.26 0.16 21 0.31 405 4.44 Adur 3 Adur - 165 0.71 144 0.22 7 0.22 0.02 24 0.32 340 1.49 6 Muvattupuzha 596 0.85 968 0.61 14 0.35 0.04 45 0.20 1623 2.06 - Angamalii 40 Thissura- 375 1.10 209 0.23 23 0.38 0.25 14 0.20 621 2.17 40 Kuttipuram ______ 50.1 Palakkad - 195 0.39 286 0.29 7 0.02 0.06 37 0.34 525 1.10 70 Muvattupuzha 330 1.53 277 0.64 151 4.43 0.15 8 0.77 766 7.52 72 |SiH-1-NH-47 367 2.45 347 0.57 128 3.68 0.01 25 0.39 867 7.09 |73 Cagaasery 32 0.04 56 0.04 4 0.02 0.0 l 6 0.04 98 0.15 |Totals | 2675 13.28 3932 4.67 565 19.42 1.21 282 3.65 7454 42.23 Percentages 36% 31% 53% 11% 8% 46% 3% 4% 9% 100% 100% The "other" category includes families not identified with the well-defined categories of residential, commercial and agricultural and includes families owning fallow or unused land. This category also includes structures such as bus shelters, religious properties, schools and hospitals. I Table 6.3 shows that of the three primary affected categories of residential, commercial and agricultural families, the commercial and residential-commercial mixed PAFs, 3,932 (53%) top the list with 11% land area affected, followed by the residential PAFs, 2,675 (36%) with 31% * land area affected and agricultural PAFs, 565 (8%) with 46% land area affected. Job opportunities being generally severely limited in the State, most people often have chosen trade and petty shops as their source of livelihoods. This is reflected in the project road survey: The affected families will be compensated according to the R&R policy of the project. I Louis Berger Inter-niational,'Sheladia/CES/ICT 38 l I Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3 Displacement The Phase I project displaces 859 families and the area thus affected is 6.88 ha. Table 6.4 shows the different categories of displaced families and the area of land lost by them: Table 6.4: Number of Displaced Families and Area of Displaced Families (Phase I) l Links Residential Commercial Agricultural Total PDF Ha PDF Hta PDF Ha PDF Ha 1 41 0.76 276 0.90 24 1.15 341 2.80 2 22 0.23 57 0.13 7 0.92 86 1.28 3 10 0.03 18 0.10 2 0.15 30 0.28 6 6 0.01 60 0.06 0 0.00 66 0.07 3 40 6 0.03 16 0.08 0 0.00 22 0.11 50.1 15 0.14 33 0.04 0 0.00 48 0.18 70 53 0.63 87 0.34 2 0.21 142 1.17 72 36 0.40 76 0.15 6 0.43 118 0.97 73 0 0.00 6 0.01 0 0.00 6 0.01 Totals 189 2.23 629 1.81 41 2.86 859 6.88 Percentages 22% 32% 73% 26% 5% 42% 100% 100% The 629 commercial PDFs, 382 are owners of commercial units and 227 are their employees. The remaining numbers constitute squatters. . Of the 859 PDFs, 254 are non-titleholders that includes tenants. I 6.2.6 Estimates of Land Required for the Project The estimates of land required for the KSTP is a total of 99.30 hactatre. Out of which 42.23 ha for the Phase I roads, and 57.07 ha for Phase II.. The total land that will be acquired from private owners for Phase I is estimated at 41.02 ha. A total of 565 families with agriculture land and 5991 families owning structure will be affected by the project. Out of which 41 families dependent on agriculture will become landless and 563 families owning structures will be displaced. 1 6.2.7 Vulnerable Groups The KSTP defines people as vulnerable if they are identified as earning up to 25% above the officially recognised "below poverty line" (BPL). The BPL is determined by a survey conducted by the Rural Development Department of the respective State Governments, popularly known as the IRDP (Integrated Rural Development Programme) Survey. The BPL in Kerala currently stands at Rs. 19,000 per annum for a family of five members. Usually, the vulnerable groups may include but are not limited to the following categories of persons: 3 (a) Poor or landless people falling under the "below poverty line" category; (b) Members of the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST); (c) Women headed households (WH); I (d) Orphans or destitute persons (socially handicapped); and (f) Disabled persons (physically or mentally handicapped). 3 Louis Bcrger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 39 l l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary The social surveys identified 2160 vulnerable families who will be affected and 174 will be displaced. 6.2.8 Loss of Livelihood and Income Restoration | It is estimated that the Phase I roads of the KSTP will effect loss of livelihood of 670 individuals. Table 6.5 shows the link-wise number and categories of persons losing their livelihoods: Table 6.5 Displaced Families Losing Livelihoods (Phase I) Link Agriculture CommercialUnits Squatters Vulnerable Total Owner Employe Encroacher *1 24 179 85 1I 1 300 2 7 23 32 2 0 64 3 2 13 5 0 0 20 * 6 0 39 19 2 0 60 40 0 12 4 0 0 16 50.1 0 19 13 1 0 33 70 2 45 40 2 0 89 72 6 47 29 0 0 82 73 0 5 0 1 0 6 Total 41 382 227 19 1 670 3 Income Restoration In addition to entitlements for the loss of land, structures and other assets to the project affected families as per the entitlement matrix of the KSTP R&R Policy, the RAP proposes to assist in * income restoration and provide alternative economic rehabilitation assistance to displaced residential families, wage employees, squatters, vulnerable encroachers, all other vulnerable families, agricultural families, and commercial families. The following income restoration i measures and categories of eligible families are adopted by the KSTP R&R Policy and the further details are in Appendix A: Economic rehabilitation grant * All vulnerable families including BPL, women headed, SC, ST, disabled (#2160) Transitional allowance (total 624 families) Titleholder PDF, residential structures (#18 1) Titleholder PDF, commercial structures including res-comm. mixed struc. (#382) Titleholder displaced agricultural families (#41) Displaced squatters (#19) Displaced vulnerable encroacher (#1) Assistance for loss of wages Displaced wage employees (#227) Training for skill upgrading (total 287 families) Displaced agricultural families (#41) Displaced wage employees (#227) Displaced squatters (#19) Shifting allowance (total 582 families) 3 Titleholder PDF, commercial structures including res-comm mixed struc. (#382) Titleholder PDF. residential structures (#18 1) Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 40 l U Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Displaced squatters (#19) Rental allowance (total 590 families) Titleholder PDF, commercial structures including res-comm mixed struc. (#382) Titleholder PDF, residential structures (#18 1) Displaced residential tenants (#8) Displaced squatters (#19) I The following table (Table 6.6) shows the number of eligible families link-wise for income restoration measures. Table 6.6: Families Eligible for Income Restoration Measures (Phase 1) Links 1 2 3 6 40 50.1 70 72 73 Income Restoration Measures _ Total Eco. Rehab. Grant to vun. Fawn. 396 95 197 216 296 265 144 525 26 2160 Transitional allowance 248 54 26 49 19 34 100 89 5 624 Assistance for loss of wages 85 32 5 19 4 13 40 29 0 227 Training for skill upgrading 112 43 7 23 4 15 46 35 2 287 Shifting allowance 229 47 23 45 18 35 99 80 6 582 Rental allowance 231 47 l 23 47 18 35 100 83 6 590 * An income restoration action plan has been appended (Appendix B). 6.2.9 HIV/AIDS Highways are inadvertently associated with HIV/AIDS due to the behaviour of long distance truckers and related reasons. The KSTP has addressed this issue in terms of awareness campaigns against this problem. An action plan has been prepared separately (Appendix C). 6.3 PILOTWATERWAYS COMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT 6.3.1 Impact on Physical Conditions ] The project requires approximately 156,000 cubic meters of sediments to be dredged over a total of 42 km length in the three waterways. Associated with the dredging, there will be a temporary disturbance to the aquatic environment. The dredged material has been tested and found to be I safe for disposal. However, the dredge material may be contaminated in certain sections, therefore it is proposed that tests will be done prior to disposal, and locations for disposal will be finalized in consultations with the people. Initial consultations in this regard have already been I held, with positive feedback from the people. No adverse impacts are expected during the operational phase. U 6.3.2 Social Impacts There would not be any project-affected people due to the Pilot Waterways component. For the construction of terminals at Kodimatha and Kottayam, there is sufficient government land and hence no land acquisition will be required. However, if there are any adverse impacts during construction the R & R policy prepared for waterways will be applicable (Appendix D) In the operational phase, the practice of disposal the sewage from the vessels / boats / terminal / jetties is likely to aggravate. Another impact is the loss of privacy especially for women while taking baths in the canal waters. The water hyacinth also increases the mosquito breeding in the 5 Louis Berger international/She]adiaJCES/ICT 41 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary area. Public consultations revealed that all the inhabitants of the area wanted to eradicate them completely. The Pilot Waterways component will have a positive impact as tourism will improve and this will increase the employment opportunities in the area. The availability of the waterways will also enable the local population to enjoy better access to markets, schools, hospitals and other social amenities. 6.3.3 Impacts on Flora and Fauna The removal of water hyacinth and the other aquatic weeds will be a major positive impact as it will enhance navigation and health conditions of the area. There would not be any significant negative impacts on the flora and fauna. The mangroves and the bird sanctuary are located approximately five km away from the project waterways will not be affected. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLANS 7.1 INTRODUCTION The mitigation measures related to the environmental and social impacts of both the Highways and the Pilot Waterways Component have been developed. Further to the mitigation measures, enhancement measures have also been designed. Both the mitigation and enhancement measures have been included in the various Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) and the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) that are prepared for the project. In Phase 1, for the Highways Component, there is an EMP for each of the nine roads / highways that have been selected for the upgradation / improvement. This EMP addresses the environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. There is a RAP for the upgradation / improvement roads / highways in Phase I. This RAP includes the plans related to land acquisition, compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation associated with the project. There is an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the maintenance activities of the Highway Component. This ESMP includes both the environmental and social mitigation measures associated with the maintenance activities. For the Pilot Watervays Component, there is the EMP, which includes the environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, and the SIMP, which includes the social mitigation measures required to be implemented. The EMPs and RAP for the Phase II highways / roads is being prepared and is expected to be completed in the next six months. 7.2 EMP - HIGHWAYS COMPONENT (PHASE - I: UPGRADATION / IMPROVEMENTROADS) EMPs for the nine upgradation / improvement roads in Phase I include a project description, an environmental strip plan, the institutional arrangements for implementing the mitigation / enhancement measures, Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP), staffing / training / reporting requirements, environmental costs and an implemcntation schedule. This EMP includcs a Landscaping Tree Planting and Environmental Enhancement Plan. The design drawings pertaining to environmental enhancements have also been included in the EMP. Cross-references to the Contract documents and the Bill of Quantities wherever required are integrated. A typical EMAP - Link I's EMAP has been included as a sample - has been attached as Appendix E. Louiis Berer Iniemationa]/Sheladia!CES/ICT 42 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I The responsibility for implementing the nine EMPs will be with the PIU / PWD. There is an Environmental and Social Management Cell within the PWD, which will co-ordinate the implementation of the EMP. This Cell is staffed with a Joint Director, an Environmental Officer * and a Social Development Officer. At the field level, the existing PWD officials will be co- ordinating matters pertaining to environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. To supervise the implementation of the project, there will be Supervision Consultants, who will have the required expertise to supervise the proper implementation of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. 7.3 ESMP - HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT (MAINTENANCE ROADS) | ESMP for the maintenance programme includes the project description, background on the maintenance practices / components / references to the maintenance study, description of the environmental and social issues, Environmental & Social Management Action Plan (ESMAP) | and the institutional mechanism / arrangements. The ESMAP includes reference to both generic mitigation measures relevant to the entire maintenance programme and specific mitigation I rmeasures pertaining to the Year1 maintenance programme. The responsibility for implementing the ESMP will be with the PIU / PWD. The same ESMC will co-ordinate the implementation of the ESMP. At the field level, the existing PWD officials I will be co-ordinating matters pertaining to environmental mitigation measures. To supervise the implementation of the project, there will be Supervision Consultants, who will have the required expertise to supervise on the proper implementation of environmental mitigation measures. J Further, Quality Assurance Consultants will also be involved in the supervision of the maintenance works. 7.4 EMP - PILOT WATERWAYS COMPONENT EMP for the Pilot Waterways Components includes a project description, an environmental strip I plan, the institutional arrangements for implementing the mitigation / enhancement measures, Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP), staffing / training I reporting requirements, environmental costs and an implementation schedule. The design drawings pertaining to I environmental enhancements have also been included in the EMP. Cross-references to the Contract documents and the Bill of Quantities are integrated wherever required. This includes a separate Dredge Disposal plan and a Water Hyacinth Management Plan. The EMAP is enclosed as Appendix F. The responsibility for implementing this EMP will be with the PWD /PIU / Irrigation I Department - two engineers from the Irrigation Department are now a part of the PIU and will aid in the implementation of this component.The ESMC within the PIU will co-ordinate the implementation of the EMP. At the field level, the Irrigation Department will be co-ordinating I matters pertaining to environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. As in the case of the Highways Component, the Supervision Consultants will have the required expertise to supervise the proper implementation of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures. 7.5 BUDGET FOR TIIE ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS The total budget for implementing the environmental mitigation and enhancement measures for Phase I is Rs. 163.07 million for the Highways Component and Rs. 20.77 million for the Pilot Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/ACT 43 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I Waterways Component. Table 7.1 provides the link wise cost. The environmental and social mitigation measures have been combined for the maintenance programme. The environmental budget for Phase II upgradation / improvement is estimated at Rs. 88.8 million. 7.6 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN 7.6.1 Support Principles for Different Categories of Impacts 3 The Kerala State Transport Project's Resettlement & Rehabilitation Principles and Policy Framework provides guidance for a developmental approach to resettle and rehabilitate the 3 ______Table 7.1: Environmental Budget .TMonitoring Environment Project Total Total Institutional al tnitigation Environmental U component Project cost Environmental And training and cost as % of total (INR m) cost (INR m) costs (INR m) enhancement cost. cost(IN m) costs (INR m) Link 1 895.14 22.41 10 12.41 1.49 Link3 665.97 32.19 20 12.19 4.83 Link 6 560.58 18.159 10 8.159 3.24 Link 40 576.97 19.805 1O0 9.805 3.43 Link 73 273.64 14.124 10 4.124 5.16 Link 72 335.21 =1 4.616 10 4.616 4.36 Link 70 352.12 17.872 10 7.872 5.07 Link50.1 643.11 2.894 10 13.894 2.16 IWT 367.15 20.274 5.5 14.774 5.52 component ._ _ First Year Maintenance 935.894 9,36 0 9.36 1.00 component Totals 5605.784 192.704 95.5 97.204 36.26 people affected by the project. In particular the policy document highlights that: * Wherever possible, displacement will be reduced or avoided altogether by sensitive design of civil works (viz., alternative designs or modifications to the design). | * Where displacement is unavoidable, those displaced will have their living standards improved. * As far as possible, the displaced persons from one location will be located as a single unit. | Particular attention will be paid to the needs of the most vulnerable groups to be resettled. * The PAPs will be compensated at replacement cost for assets lost, irrespective of their legal standing in the project area. Special assistance will be extended to the vulnerable to enhance I their earning opportunities. * The PAPs and the host communities will be encouraged to participate in the design and the 3 implementation of the RAP. Table 7.2 summarises the various supports that the KSTP R&R Principles and Policy document has identified for the resettlement and rehabilitation of the project affected families and details are in Appendix F: Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CES/IICT 44 l U KeralaState TransportProject ExecutiveSummary 3 Table 7.2: Broad Entitlement Framework KERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT Resettlement and Rehabilitation: Broad Entitlement Frame Work Land Inside Right of Impacts and assistance criteria acquisition Way vulDeable Non Vunrbe Non lVulnerable |Vulnerable rable Vulnerable A. Corridorof Impact:Loss of land and other assetsSupport given to familiesand households I Consultation,counseling regarding altematives, I and assistance in identifying new sites and Yes Yes Yes Yes opportunities 2 Compensation for land at replacement cost, Yes Yes plus allowances for fees or other charges 3 Advance notice to harvest non-perennial crops, Yes Yes Yes Yes or compensation for lost standing crops Compensation for perennial crops and trees, 4 calculated as annual produce value for one Yes Yes -season S Compensation or R&R assistance for structures Yes Yes Yes Yes or other non-land assets 3 6 Shiftingassistance Yes Yes Yes Yes Option of moving to resettlement sites (in a 7 group of minirmum25 families) incorporating Yes Yes Yes Yes needs for civic amenities B. Corridor of Impact: Lost or diminished livelihood Support given to adult individuals 8 Rehabilitation and assistance for lost or Yes Yes Yes Yes * diminished livelihood I Additionalsupport mechanisms for vulnerable 9 groups in re-establishing or enhancing Yes Yes Yes livelihood 10 Employment opportunities in connection with Yes Yes Yes Yes I project to the extent possible Y Y Anyother notIJetidentified, impacts r Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and 11 Any othersmpacts not yetidentfied whether mitigated based on the principles agreed upon in X _ ~~~~~lossof assets or livelihood ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~thisthi policyo.i framneworkfrmwr C. Indirect,group oriented impacts in the vicinity of the road corridor Group oriented support will be given to mitigate negative impacts on the community, and to enhance U development opportunities. Addressing traffic safety needs of pedestrians will target particular support at more vulnerable groups, for example. 7.6.2 Targeted Support for the Vulnerable Groups All vulnerable families will receive economic rehabilitation grant. The non-titleholder displaced vulnerable families will receive, in addition to the normal assistance as per the R&R Principles and Policy document, a plot of land each free of cost at 40 m2 per family. 3 Louis BergerInternational/Sheladia'CES/ICT 45 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 7.6.3 Implementation Requirements Cut-off Date As the census survey for the KSTP continued for over a year during 2000-2001, the cut-off date I for the purpose of assistance to the eligible squatters and encroachers is the start date of the census surveys in a given link. The following table (Table 7.3) lists the links and dates when the census surveys were initiated. Table 7.3: Project Road Links and Dates of Census Surveys Si. No. Links Link Name Date of Census I 1 Taikkod - Kottarakara 10 April. 2000 2 2 Kottarakara - Adur 27 Apfil, 2000 3 3 Adur- Chengannur I May, 2000 4 6 Muvattupuzha - Angamali 18 February, 2000 5 40 Thrissur - Kuttipuram 6 October, 2000 6 50.1 Palakkad- Shornur 31 January, 2001 i 7 70 Muvattupuzha - Thodupuzha 5 February, 2000 8 72 SH-1 - NH-47 Link 29 November, 2000 9 73 Changanassea - Alappuzha 16 June, 2000 3 The Land Acquisition Process The land acquisition process is the first high profile activity for the implementation of a project like this, and often the most difficult one. For some people the Government's land acquisition process is difficult because people develop emotional attachment to their properties. The Land Acquisition Act [1894/1984] (LA Act) facilitates the acquisition of the privately I ovwnedlands by the Government in India. The objective of the LA Act is to empower the Government to acquire lands only for public purpose or for a company. If lands are needed for a public purpose they cannot be acquired by an executive action without following the provisions I of the LA Act. The provisions of the Act will apply only to the private lands. There are separate rules for alienation or transfer of Government land in favour of any other Government 3 departmentfor public purposes. It is expected that due to greater interaction of the PWD with the project affected persons, dissemination of information, and the policy of offering replacement value of land and other | assets (in the determination of which the PAPs will be partners), the possibility of litigation would be avoided. The Table no 7.4 shows the action plan for land acquisition of Phase 1. Coordination between Civil Works and Resettlement Effort has been made to reduce potential negative impacts of the project. The KSTP has coordinated the design process with the findings from screening and studies related to socio- economic impacts and the environment in order to minimise negative impacts and maximise benefits. The practice will continue throughout the project implementation period. During project implementation, the resettlement programme will be coordinated with the timing of civil works. The project will provide adequate notification, counselling and assistance to the affected families so that they Are able to move or give up their assets without undue hardship | before civil works are to start. Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT 46 l Kerala State TransportProject ExecutiveSummary Implementation Schedule 3 The implementation of the RAP will consist of land acquisition and R & R activities. The PIU will further detail the implementation schedule, with possible support from the Project Coordinating Consultants (PCC) during the implementation, of the project. The programme 3 schedule for the remaining major tasks of the RAP is shown in Appendix G. This schedule will Table 7.4: Action Plan for Land Acquisition in the Kerala State Transport Project * (Phase I Roads) Land Target Dates for Acquisition under LA Act 1894 Link Length Acquisition Requisition Issue of Issue of Issue of No. Link Name (km) Requirement to Section 4(1) Section 6 Section 9 Declaration _ (Hua) Compethrnt Notification Notification Notification of Award 1 Taikkod-Kottarakara 46.000 16.21 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 2 Kottarakara-Adur 20.850 4.44 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 3 Adur-Chengannur 23.590 1.49 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 6 Muvattupuzha-Angamali 33.800 2.06 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 I 40 Thrissur-Kuttipuram 32.980 2.17 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 50.1 Palakkad-Shornur 45.300 1.10 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 70 Muvattupuzha- 17.700 7.52 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 Thodupuzha___ 72 Taikkod-Kazhakuttam 12.580 7.09 31.10.01 15.12.01 28.2.02 15.3.02 31.5.02 73 Alappuzha- 24.140 0.15 25.8.2001 15.12.2001 28.2.2002 15.3.2002 31.5.2002 Changanassery Total 256.940 42.23 be updated as the project progresses. The road link level R&R Project Managers will prepare a simplified summary on the operational aspect of the implementation plan. It is expected that the R&R activities of the project will be completed in approximately 36 months time, with some activities stretching out longer, provided that no environmental clearance is required for land acquisition. Fund Flow Assistance: A joint account will be opened at a local Bank. The signatories will be the entitled person, road link level R&R Project Manager (NGO contractor) as Verifying Officer and an NGO representative. Cheques will be given for all assistance. Apart from shifting and rental allowance the others will be deposited in the joint accounts. The amount will be withdrawn against the purchase of productive assets. In case of structures the withdrawal will be in three instalments against the progress of construction, i.e., (a) foundation, (b) walls, and (c) roof completion. Compensation: According to the current law the owner will receive cheques from the district administration for the entitled compensation. All payments of cheques will be made in the I village office in the presence of the district administration representative, the road link level Louis BergerInternational/Sheladia/CESllCT 47 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Project manager and the NGO representatives. 7.6.4 Implementation Arrangements The PIU of the PWD will implement the R & R component of the Kerala State Transport Project. The responsibilities include planning, implementation and monitoring of land acquisition and R&R related programmes. Since land on the existing corridor belongs to the State, the Government, on behalf of the PWD will acquire land. The State district administration will acquire private land on behalf of the PWD. Central Level Arrangement The Project Director at the PWD is responsible for overall performance of the R&R Cell and the Rehabilitation Officer as the programme coordinator will be responsible for overall project coordination and management. The R&R Cell will have a small team of support staff dedicated I to the social aspects component of the PWD, including a land acquisition officer. Presently all required personnel in the Environmental and Social Management Cell (ESMC) of the PWIDare in place. The ESC of the PWD will be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a centralised RAP management system. In the development of this system, particular attention will be paid to: (a) Procedures for undertaking and completing census and asset verification exercises; (b) Updating of RAP data bases for each road link as well for the project as a whole; (c) Integration of land acquisition, compensation and construction activities; (d) Establishment of procedures for internal monitoring and review of road link level progress reports; and (e) Procedures for the prompt implementation of corrective actions and the resolution of grievances. District Level Arrangement In the project affected district, the Executive Engineer of the Division will function as the Rehabilitation Officer of the District Level Committee (district level R&R Cell). It is * recommended, if necessary, to bring in capable officials from other Government Departments as well and obtain their services through deputation to undertake this work. These officers, 3 especially the Executive Engineer as Rehabilitation Officer, will work closely with the NGOs engaged at the road link level. The R&R Policy Framework has recommended the assistance of the District Revenue Officer and any other representative from the district administration and representatives of the PAPs/PDPs in the District Level Committee (DLC). The DLC is responsible for assessing the replacement value of the project affected properties and for monitoring and evaluation at the road link level. Project Level Arrangement While the PWD central level and district level arrangements are necessary for the coordination of the RAP activities, the project level or road link level arrangements are most important for effective RAP implementation. The work of identifying and developing the resettlement sites for individuals or groups and other R&R related development activities will be undertaken by the LoLuisBerger International/Sheladia/CES/ICT 48 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I road link level contractor (NGO) appointed by the PIU. The NGO contractor will appoint a Project Manager, supported by one Overseer and four Field Assistants, for each road link. This number, however, will vary according to the length of a given road link. Each of these road link R&R teams will be advised by the DLC discussed above. The overall functions of the project level R&R team are: (a) To establish and maintain consultation mechanisms with the supervising Rehabilitation Officer; (b) To integrate land acquisition, compensation and construction activities; (c) To establish proper PAP databases for the road link under its control; (d) To establish and maintain effective consultation mechanisms with the affected I households and communities; (e) To regularly liaise with the DLC regarding the list of entitled persons, eviction notices, compensation payments and grievance redress; I (0) To regularly liaise with the District Revenue Officer to ensure prompt transfer of affected land titles to the Revenue Department; and (g) To ensure implementation of resettlement and rehabilitation and support measures as detailed in the entitlement policy. Coordinationwith Line Agencies Various Govemment agencies, especially the Revenue and Health Departments will have an important role in the smooth functioning of the resettlement programme. The PWD will be responsible for the over-all coordination of this work. 7.6.5 R&R Costs and Budget 7.6.6 The Highways The estimated budget for R&R, including land acquisition for both Phases I and II is INR 1,430.0 million. The Bank component in the R&R of the project is estimated to cost INR 660.0 million (approximately INR 330.0 million for each phase). More specifically, the estimated cost of R&R for the Phase I roads is INR 694.60 million, of which the PWD component is INR 381.0 I million and the Bank component is INR 313.60. The following tables (Table 7.5 and 7.6) show the component-wise outline budget for the Phase I and Phase II roads in million Indian Rupees (Details in Appendix H), Phase II extrapolated from Phase I data. Table 7.5: Costs and Budget of the KSTP R&R in Million INR (Phase I) Items Packagel Package 3 Package 4 Total ______PWD WB PWD WB PWD WB PWD WB * Compensation 248.7S 0 89.63 0 36.73 0 375.14 0 Assistance 3156 189.61 1-37 68.14 0.43 44.24 5.36 301.99 Support 0 4.93 0 2.78 0 1.78 0 9.49 OtherActivities 0.25 0.99 0.15 0.69 0.10 0.44 0.50 2.12 Total 252.59 195.53 91.15 71.61 37.26 46.46 381.0 313.6 3 Louis BergerInternational/SheladiaICESIICT 49 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary I Table 7.6: Estimated Costs and Budget of the KSTP R&R in Million INR (Phase 11) *tems - Package 5 Packape 6 Packaipe7 Total Items PWD WB PWD WB PWD WB PWD WB Comoensation 263.70 0 95.0 0 38.93 0 397.63 0 Assistance 3.77 200.98 1.45 72.22 0.45 46.89 5.67 320.09 Suwport 0 5.22 0 2.94 0 1.88 0 10.04 Other Activities 0.26 1.04 0.16 0.73 0.11 0.46 0.53 2.23 Total 267.73 207.24 96.61 75.89 39.49 49.23 403.83 332.36 I The Waterways The cost estimates for the social impact budget of the Pilot Phase of the IWT project includes 3 only the community benefit enhancement programme, the community relations programme and monitoring and evaluation. The following table (Table 7.7) shows the budget provision for these activities in million Indian Rupees. 3 Table 7.7: Costs of the SIMP Implementation in Million INR q Items ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~pWDWB Compensation 0 0 Assistance | 0 7.1]2 Support 00.04 i ~~~~~~ ~0 ~ ~~~~Total7.16 7.6.7 Mlonitoring and Evaluation The RAP contains indicators for achievement of the objectives under the rescttlemcnt prograrnme. Two levels of monitoring have been suggested in the RAP, viz., internal and 3 ~~external. Internal Monitoring | ~~Internalmonitoring refers to monitoring activities that will be carried out by the PWD, the NGOs and the Grievance Redress Committee. It is essentially compliance monitofing, designed to compare on a monthly basis the tasks completed with those called for under the RAP. Detailed | ~~monitor-ingand reporting formats have been prepared and appended to the RAP to monitor the R&R implementation. | ~~ExternalMonitoring This refers to the involvement of a third party, preferably an NGO with similar expenience in a ~~resettlementand rehabilitation or other social development programme that will be procured by | ~~theKSTP to evaluate the implementation of the RAP. The RAP has proposed to engage the external monitoring agency for annual, mid-term and end-term evaluation. The basis for such | ~~~evaluationare the following indicators: | ~~~~Physicalindicators, indicating the results in termns of periodic target set for the number of project affected families compensated and resettled, assisted, training held, credit s ~~~~~disbursed,etc. and target achieved. | ~~~~Financialindicators, indicating results in terrns of budgetary outlavs and expenditure made under each activity. v ~~~~Perceptionof the Entitled Persons about the RAP, related to evaluate the perception of X ~~~~theEps about the various aspects of the RAP, including the implementation procedures adopted. f ~~~LoLuisBerger lnternational/Sh1eladia/CSIlCT 50 Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary Estimation of Quality of Life, refers to the combination of objective conditions, which will be measured numerically and subjective perception about those objective conditions. 7.7 TRAINING AND AWARENESS PLAN PWD officers at the district level who will be associated with the environmental and social activities have been identified. A one-day in-house training programme was conducted on 24 August 2001 for the officials from the southern districts of the State to sensitise them on the social and environmental issues in a transport project involving land acquisition and displacement of people. Two more similar training sessions of two days duration each have been planned to be conducted October and November 2001, comprising the PWD officials in the central and northern districts. The training exercise will be periodically organised. It has been planned to commission specialised training institutes to prepare tailor made training modules for the training of the PWD officials. Some of the training institutes identified at this stage are (1) Loyola College of Social Sciences, based in Trivandrum; (2) KIRTADS, based in Kozhikode, and (3) Administrative Staff College of India, based in Hyderabad. The process of identifying NGOs to be associated with the project started in April 2001. The engagement of NGOs is expected to be completed in April 2002 and they would be given training along with the identified PWD officials on R&R and environmental issues. It is planned to impart training at a time to a group of 15 persons. The training contents will be repeated to include the identified personnel of the Supervision Consultants when they are in place. Table 7.8 outlines the training programme on R&R and Environmental issues organised by the Environmental and Social Cell of the PIU: I l 3 LouisBerger International/Shcladia/CES/ICT 51 l Kerala State TransportProject ExecutiveSummary | Table 7.8: KSTPTraining Programme on R&R and Environment # Who Attends? Training Programmeon Instruction Duration PWD's PIU RO, Regulation and Policies Related to Land Division Executive Acquisition/R&R and Environment: land Engineer, NGO, acquisition; KSTP R&R policy; basic features of Supervision the RAP; institutional arrangement; monitoring, Lecture l/ day Consultant evaluation and reporting; planning for relocation; documentation requirement of the project; environmental overview; environmental regulations and Acts. PWD's PIU PD and Salient Featuresof the KSTP R&R Policyand RO, Chief Engineer, general EA ! aspects: implementation Suptdt. Engineers, arrangements, roles and responsibilities, 2 Division Executive grievance redress cell and district level W Engineer, NGO, committees, continued consultation and feedback, Workshop /2 day Supervision labour laws, gender issues, health and hygiene l ~~~~~~Consultantissues, environmentalawareness and safeguards in the project. # Who Attends? TrainingProgramme on Instruction Duration i| ~~~~PWD'sPIU PD and Effective R&R and EMP Implementation: I RO,Chief Engineer, experiencesharing related to R&R and EMP Suptdt. Engineers, implementation, disbursement mechanism, Lecture and 3 Division Executive conflict resolution methods, contingency Group '/2 day Engineer, NGO, management, rapid appraisals, documentation, Discussion Supervision monitoring and reporting, pollution and Consultant environmentalimpact assessment. PWD's PIU PD and Long Term Environmentaland SocialIssues in RO, Chief Engineer, the Highway Sector: social and environmental Suptdt. Engineers, assessmentmethods, analytical tools, monitoring d Division Executive and evaluation, social risk assessment and Group '/2 day Engineer, NGO, management,concept of R&R resource centres, Discussion Supervision integrationof social and environrmentalissues and Consultant good practices, long termenvironmental issues in a highwaymanagement. | ~~~~LoutisBerger Intcrnational/Shcladia/CESllCT 52 APPENDIX A PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENTOF KERALA INDIA KERALA STATE HIGHWAYSPROJECT REHABILITATION& RESETTLEMENT: PRINCIPLESAND POLICYFRAMEWORK August 2000 Table of Contents I. NTRODU;CTION ...... __.._...... _...... _1 2. BROAD PRIN'CIPLES ...... _1 3. ABBREVIATIONS A4NDTERNIS .._ ...... _...... 2 4. DEFINITIONS ...... - -_ - ._.4 5. BROAD PROCEDURES ...... _ ...... 5 6. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSfMENTA]ND RESETILEMENT PLANNING ...... 7 7. IMPLEMEN-TATION':ACQU-ISITION OF LAND AND PROPERTIES ...... 8...... 8 8. RESETTLEMENT ANDREHABILITATION ...... _ . 9 9. NONITORING AND POST - PROJECT EVALUATION ...... __0 10. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ...... _._._._._.10 11. COST AND BUDGETING ...... _ _ -11 12. GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL CELL ...... _ 11 13. SCOPE FOR MAIKNGAMIENDMIENTS IN THE R&R POLICY ...... 11 Annt=re ...... _._...... _ ._...... _12 Annerureff...... ___. .... _._...... _...... -13 l KERALA S1 ATE HIGHWAYSPROJECT REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT: | PRINCIPLES AND POLICY FRAMNEEWORK 1 IINTRODUCTION The Governmentof Kerala is preparingthe state highwaysproject. The aim of the project is to improveand strengthenthe state's transportnetworlc Apart from the positive aspects of the road upgadation, the project may cause people to lose productiveland or house plots. structures,wells, trees or other assets or to lose income otherwise. The policy recognizesthose peoplewho are likelyto he affectedby the upgradationand wideningof the road networkand supportmechanisms are proposedto be providedaccordingly. I 1Thisdocument describes the principlesand approachesto be followedin minimizineand mitigatino negativesocial and economicimpacts caused by the project. It proVidesthe basis for a detailedand time-boundResettlement Action Plan (RAP),which vill be preparedfor the project. The RAP will containthe details of census.baseline socio-economic surveys of the potentiallyaffected population undertakenduring the preparationof the project, rnitigationmeasures. implementation arrangement and plans. budget, monitoring and evaluation parameters. 2 BROAD PRINCI1PLES 2.1 These guidelines are prepared to address the issues related to the Kerala SLate Highvways Project for resettlement & rehabilitation (R&R) of the project affected persons (PAP). The guidelines * outline the range of assistance in re-establishing their homes and livelihoods in the course of the implementation of the project. The avoidance of involuntary resettlement is an integral part of the project design but will be dealt with from the earliest stages of the project preparation. The broad principles of the R&R policy are as below: a) The negative impact on persons affected by the project should be avoided or minimized. exploring all viable alternative project designs. b) Where the negative impacts are unavoidable, the project-affected persons shouid be assisted in improving or regaining their standard of living. c) People's participation should be undertaken in the planning and implementation of the project. d) Positive impacts will be enhanced as far as possible. 2.2 The project will broadly have three impacts that require mitigation measures. They are: a) Loss of assets, including jand and house; b) Loss of livelihood or income opportunities; I c) Collective impacts on groups,such as loss of common property resources. The first t v'o categoties represent direct project impacts on an identified population. The people likely to be affected by the project -ill be surveyed and registered. and project monitoring and evaluation will compare longer-term impacts against baseline socio-economic data. l 2 The third category represents a group impact where group members need not be individually surveyed.Gains and losses of a group-orientednature are not quantifiablein terms of impact on the individual.Mitigation and support mechanismswill be collectivelyoriented, and the monitoringwill I focus on impacton such groups. 2.3 All acquisitionof privateland wouldbe underthe LandAcquisition (Amendment) Act. 1984, which providesfor compensationfor the propertiesto be acquired.Further support will be extended under the broadprinciples of the policy to meet the replacementvalue of the assetsand improvetheir standardof living. 3 2.4 The commonproperty resources will be replacedas far as feasible and assistance will be providedat replacementvalue to the group. 2.5 Major wideningand strengtheningwork planned will take place within the ROW based on land availability,gradienLt traffic and congestion'ofpopulation along theroad length.However, major land acquisitionand many impacts are perhapsnot foreseen except at locations where existing I alignment may involve shifting to accommodatebypasses. geo-metrics and other cost effective improvements.Efforts will be made during implementationto minimizeany disturbancein the daily activitiesof the localpopulace. 2. 6 Beforetaking possession of the acquiredlands and properties.all compensation,resettlement and rehabilitationand related activitieswould be madein accordancewith this policy. 2.7 All land acquisitionwill be after harvestof crop. 2.8 If resettlementsites are developedas part of the project. the local "host population"should a also be consultedabout their views and needs. There should be no or minimumadverse social, economicand environmentalimpacts of displacementon the host populationand specificmeasures shouldbe providedin the RAP to mitigateany suchimpacts. 2.9 Thebroad entitlement framework of differentcategories of project-affectedpeople shall be as per Annex I. The suggestedformat for detailed entitlementmatrix shall be as per Annex II. The assistancespecified in the entitlementmatrix will be adjustedto reflect the annualinflation rate. 2.10 During project imnplementation,the resettlementprogram will be coordinated with the completion of desimnsand the likely timing of civil works. The project will provide adequate notification,counselling and assistanceto affectedpeople so that they are able to move or give up their assetswithout undue hardship before commencement of civil works. I 2.11 The project will ensure that civil works are not started on any road segment before compensationand assistanceto the affectedpopulation has been providedin accordancewith this policy framework. 3 ABBREVLTIONSAND TERNIS Followingabbreviations and terms willbe foundused both in the policy and the RAP: a) Abbreviations: B.P.L BelowPoverty Line B.S.R. BasicSchedule of Rates C.G.I. CorrugatedGalvanised Iron C.O.I Corridorof Impact 3 C.P.R. Common Propert Resources EP EntitledPerson Ha Hectare M.E.H. Minimum Economic Holding N.G.O. Non-Govermnental Organization P.A.P. Project Affected Persons P.D.P. Project Displaced Persons R.A.P. Rehabilitation Action Plan R.O. Rehabilitation Officer RO.W. Riaht of Wav R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation S.E.S Socio-EconomnicSurvey *SC Scheduled Caste S.T Scheduled Tribe u/s Under Section b) Terns Adhararn Basic record of land rights. (North Indian. Perso-Arabic derived term is Jamabanidi.) Cent A local land area measurement term, one-hundredth of an acre. equivalent to 40 sq. mt. Corridor of Impact Width of corridor required for the construction of road and for its safety zone. Danam Land Include lands attached with Temples (pandaramvaka), Mosques (vakj, Churches (edavaka) etc. where priests are allowed to cultivate the same without having to pay revenue to the State for the same. (North Indian, Perso-Arabic derived term is Muafi Land.) DevelopmentBlock A number of villages grouped together form a Development Block. District Collector Administrative head of a District. Hectare (Ha) A unit measuring land area. One Hectare equals 10.000 Sq. meters or 2.475 Acre. Kole Land Low land for agriculture, especially found in the Kuttanad area. Lessee A person wvho,not being a tenant, is allowed to cultivate land on certain terms ' and conditions. Panchayat Elected local self-governing body at village level. I 4 | PanchayatSamiti LocalSelf-governing body at Blocklevel is PanchayatSamiti. Pattayam Landdeed. PurambokeLand Revenueland adjoiningstreams. rivulets, tanks, canals and roads. I President Electedhead of a Grama Panchayat. 4 DEFINITIONS 4.1 Cut-offdate 3 Cut-offdate shall be the following: a) In the case of land acquisitionaffecting legal title holders,the cut-off date would be the date of issuingthe notice u/s 4(1) of LA. Act. b) For the non title holdersthe cut off date will be the date of censussurvey 4.2 ProjectDisplaced Person A project displacedperson (PDP) is one who is compelledto changehis/her place of residenceand/or workplaceor place of businessdue to the project. 4.3 ProjectAffected Person Unless otherwise specified in this Policv document, a project affected person is one who, in consequenceof the project.sustains damages (a) by reasonsof severingsuch land or (b) by affecting his/her immovableproperties in any manner or (c) by adverselyaffecting his/her livelihood/earnings calculatedby an objectiveassessment. The categoryof project affectedperson (PAP)includes project displacedperson (PDP). 4.4 Defuiitionof Family a) A "Family"shall mean Husband/Wifeand minorchildren. b) Every son or unmarrieddaughter who has attained the age of 18 years on or before the cut-off- date will be treated as separatefamily. c) Every divorcedor widoweddaughter living separatelyor with the family on or prior to cut off date will be treated as separatefamily. 4.5 Landless/AgnrculturalLabourer A person who does not hold any agriculturalland and *vhohas been deriving his main incomeby workingon the landsof othersas an agriculturallabourer prior to cut off date. 4.6 Encroacher A person is an encroacherif he/shehas trespassedGovernment land, adjacentto his/her own land or assetto which he/sheis not entitled,and who deriveshis/her livelihood and housingtherefrom prior to the cut-offdate. 4.7 Squatter A squatter(is a person who has settled on publicly ownmedland for housing or livelihoodwithou't permissionor whohas beenoccupying publicly owned building w%ithout authority prior to the cut-off date. I 5 l 4.8 Income Incomeof a PAP shall mean the amount of incomeas shoun in his Income Tax Return prior to the cut-off date. In the absenceof sucha retun. his incomeshall be calculatedbv an objectiveassessment applyingthe same methodas adoptedby the Governmentagencies for identfing B.P.L. families. 4.9 BelowPover line A householdwhose monthly consumption expenditure is less than a designatedsum as determinedbv the Departmentof Rural DevelopmentGovermnent of Kerala,* ill be consideredbelow povertv line. 4.10 VulnerablePerson Unless othervise specificallvmentioned in this document,a person who has been designatedas fallingunder the 'BelowPovert- Line'categerv and earningup to 25% abovethe povertylevel will be considereda vulnerableperson Generallt, the vulnerablegroups mav includebut not be lirited to I the: a) Poor or landlesspeople falling under the "BelowPovertv Line" categorv: b) Membersof the ScheduledCastes and ScheduledTribes: c) Women-headedhouseholds: d) Orphansand destiturepersons (socially handicapped): and e) Disabledpersons (physicaHly handicapped). 4 11 TargetedSupporr Io VulnerableGroups The project will determine.through censu'ssurveys and other studies, who among the affected populationmav be consideredas vuLnerableor at risk. The vulnerablegroups will receivetargeted support and specialattention from the project,and providedsupport mechanisms. ! 5 BROAD PROCEDLRES 5.1 BasicApproach a) The project recognizesthat along with the positiveaspects of infiastructuredevelopment, there are also negativeimpacts. wvhichinclude the possibleloss of assets, the loss of houseand shelter. and the loss of liv-elihoodor incomeopportunities. Moreover,a project like this inflicts some impactson the communityas a whole.such as. loss of accessto communityfacilities lice schools and hospitals.access to wxaterand sanitation,and accessto comnnonproper resources. b) Peoplelosing their homerepresent a particularchallenge in the resettlementprogramn. Every effort will be made by the projecrto ensurethat new housingis availablebefore people are requiredto relocate. c) Everyeffort shouldbe madeduring project design and preparationto minimizeacquisition of land and other assets and to reduce negativesocio-economic impacts. The structures/assetsfillling outsidethe Corridorof Impactwould as far as possiblebe left undisturbed. d) If the project impact leadsto peoplebeing unableto continuew-ith their previousoccupation, the | project wNillprovide supporTand assistancethrough alternative employment strategies. Longer- term earning opportunitieswill be providedthrough strategies such as vocational training, employme.ncounselling, inclusion in incomegenerating schemes, and accessto credit. ' | l l 6 e) The policy principleis to provide R&R assistanceto both PDPs and PAPs. Compensationfor land, however,will not be extended to the encroachersand squatters, consideringthe illegal nature of their possession. f) The identificationof encroachersand squatters,in case they do not possessration cards, wouldbe soughtfrom voters' list or fromany other legaldocuments or informationfrom the communitv.In the absence of any supportinglegal documents,findings of the Census survey shall be relied upon. g) Efforts should be made to ensure involvementof the people and stakeholdersin planning, implementationand monitoringof the project through focus group discussions,workshops at district and at state levels. h) Copies of this document,information on its salient features or its officialExecutive Summary, will be displayedat the noticeboard of the officesof the project authorityfor generalinformation to the public. Policy translated in local language should be distributedto the affectedpeople. Interestedpublic may contactRehabilitation Officer for further details. The ResettlementAction Plan will provide detailedinformation regarding the consultationprocess. It will take accountof the fact that informationmust be given at different stages, repeated. and provided through different media. The consultationprocess planned for the project will use different types of consultationsuch as in-depthinterviews, focus groupdiscussions. seminars and meetings.and key informantinterviews at differentlevels of stakeholderinvolvement. including: * Householdrepresentatives - men and women; * Clustersof PAPs: * VillagePanchayats: * Districtdevelopment committee: * Othergovernment agencies and departnents. i) The projectwill thereforeensure that the affectedpopulation and other stakeholdersare informed and consulted about the project, its impact, their entitlements and options, and allowed to participateactivelv in the developmentprocess. This will be done particularlyin the case of vulnerableindividuals and eroups,who will be encouragedto choosethe optionswhich entailthe lowest risk. This exercise will be done throughout the project life - during preparation, implementation,and monitoringof projectresults and impacts. 5.2 Compensationand R & R a) All P.A.Ps. as defined in para 4.3 shall be entitled to resettlement and rehabilitationbesides compensationas stipulatedhereinafter. Those PAPs who are not entitledfor compensationmay get R&Rbenefits as per theirrespective entitlement framework. 'MThe compensationfor land and buildingshall be providedwithin the ambitof the L A Act and to meet the replacementvalue, R&R assistance will be provided. c) All losses,including loss of income,should be compensatedwithin the overallR&R packageas per the broadentitlement framework. The unit of entitlementframework shall be the familyas definedin para 4.4. d) In case of acquisitionof land/buildings/otherassets, the replacementcost shouldbe considered. The replacementvalue will be assessed as per procedure laid down in para 7.3. In case the replacementcost is more than the compensationat market price determinedby competent authority,the -dtfferenceis to be paid by the projectin the form of assistance. / 1 7f7 e) The entitlement of compensation& assistancew%ill be extendedto only those PAPs.who are so 3 identifiedon or prior to the cut off date. Claimsregarding R&R assistance should be dealt bv the GrievanceRedressal Committee. 5.3 GeneralAssistance to P.APs. & P.D.Ps. X a) The shifted populationshall be assistedin getting theirnames includedin voters' lists of the area of their resettlement. m b) PAPs falling under v-ulnerablegroups shall be provided suitable assistance to minimiEethe adverseimpacts through various means will be descTibedin depthin the RAP. 6 SOCIAL LX[PACTASSESSMENT AND RESET1TLENEEN-PLANNING\I 6.1 Corridorof Impact 3 Displacementunder the projectwill be limitedto the corridorrequired for the road and its safetvzone. This corridor is referred to as the Corridor of Impact (COI), and comprises typically the total constructionwidth, inclusiveof drain&sembankments.shoulders. The COI can have a different extent I to the right and left from the road centre line and varies as required.Within this corridor,there cannot be any structures or other hindrances.In this project. the Corridor of Impact is defined as the full constructionwidth and a safetvzone on eitherside which w&illcover the shoulders.footpaths, drains. | etc 6-2 Surveys 3 For proper rehabilitationof the projectaffected and displacedpersons. social impact assessmentshall be undertaken.This would help in assessingthe mamiitudeof displacement,losses to be sustainedby PDPs and PAPS,better targeting of vulnerable groups. ascertainingthe cost of R&R. draw-ingout the I rehabilitationpackage and administeringthe same. The social impact assessmentshall consist of t-o survevsnamely: 3 a) Census surveyof 100 percentof PAPs; b) A baselinesocioeconomic sample survey of 25 percent of the PAPs to establish the monitoring i and evaluatingparameters. The purposeof the censusis to registerand documentthe statusof the potentiallvaffected population withinthe project impact area. This willprovide a demographicoverview of the population.and wvill coverpeople's assets and main sourcesof livelihood. The baselinesurvey shall be completedprior to the date of notificationunder Section4(1) of LA Act. I If declarationunder sub-section is not issuedwithin the stipulatedperiod as specifiedthe surveywill be undertakenagain and the notificationunder section 4(1) shall be reissued. The censussurvey will inter-aliainclude collection of informationabout the followina: a) The resourcebase includingland- water, and forest etc.. with an assessmentof its development and ecologicalpotential in the pre-projectconditions. b) The economybase of the affectedpeople including the modes and magnitude of production. consumptionpattern. related economic institutions and allocationof variousproductive resources. I c) Householdtensuscovering immovable propertv owned by the PAPsand other resourcesin their possession/use. These surveys would be carried out in association with local and host | cominunities as well as with the local representatives. l 8 d) Tie social structure, norms, customs, cultural centres, traditions. pattems of leadershipand institutionsof socialnetwork. e) The census surveyswill prima-facieidentify tenants, sharecroppers,encroachers and agricultural day labourers. During such census survey, those PAPs are dependant on the road for their livelihood,shall also be identifiedand listed along with their identifiedincome. Besides this, the survey will also identify PDPs and PAPS, the ST and S.C. populationsin accordancewith the S.T. and S.C. lists of the Govt.,the vulnerablePAPs such as the'old,handicapped, infirrm orphans and destitute. Baselinedata of the Surveyshould also include: a) Accurateup to date mapsof the area of project; b) Analysisof social structureand incomeresources of the population;- c) Inventoriesof the resourceswhich the tribal use as well as data on their systemsof economic production; d) The relationshipof the tribal to other local and national groups.Baseline studies shouldcapture the full range of productionand marketingactivities in which the tribal are engaged. .6.3 Resettlementand RehabilitationAction Plan (RAP) a) The census survev, which serves to provide baseline socioeconomicinformation about the affectedpersons, vwill be completedbefore initiation of the preparationfor the RAP. b) A comprehensiveplan for resettlementwill be drawn up in advanceby the project authorities based on the socio-economicsurveys. The entireplan for resettlementshould be preparedby the project authorities with the participation of local representatives, NGOs, and including representativesof the PAPS. c) The RAP shall be broughtto the notice of the displacedand affectedpersons with the help of the local NGOs,the representativesof PAPs and the host communitiesso that they are ableto make their suggestions. d) The completedRAP will includethe censusof affectedpeople, and their entitlementsto restore losses. budget, institutionalmechanisms and scheduleof tasks, assessmentof the feasibilityof incomerestoration mechanisms and avenuesfor grievanceredress and participatorymonitoring of results. 7 IMPLEMENTATION:ACQUISITION OF LAND AN]) PROPERTIES T. Land surveys for paymentof compensationshall be done on the basis of updated official recordsand groundfacts. Theland recordsshall be updatedrelating to title/classification/currentuse of land expeditiouslyfor ensuringadequate cost compensationand allotmentof land to the entitled displacedpersons. For determiningclassification/current use of land. official recordsas they are on the cut-offdate shall be taken intoconsideration. 7.2 If 75 percent or more land holding of a PAP/PDP is acquired or when the part of a land remaining after acquisitionbecomes economicallyunviable after acquisition,the ovwnerof such land/propertyshall have the right to seek acquisition of his entire contiguousholdingiproperty providedfhe residusl land is less than MTI. f1/ ~- z 9 1 7.3 The compensationamount for the land and propertiesto be acquired shall be paid according to the provisions of the L A ACL For this purpose, land market surveys will be done by project authorities in association Withrepresentatives of PAPs and professionalassesses. While determining the replacementcost of the land project authoritywill take recourseto three systemsof assessment describedbelow : a) Takinginto accountsuch prescribed rates or the averageof the actual transactionrates of similar 3 lands for contemporaryyears for which sale deedsare registered, b) Takinginto consideration20 times of the annualvalue of grossproduction of the concernedland. averagedover precedingfive years. c) Fixing up market value of land equal to the minimumland value if so prescribedby the State Govt. under Indian,Stamp Act for the purpose of registration of sale deeds under Indian i RegistrationAct of 1908. 7.4 The replacementcost to be fixed up by the project authoritvshall be the amountwhich shall be the highest amongthe three amountsarrived at by the aforesaidthree alternativemethods. In case replacementcost is higher than the market value determinedby competentauthoritv the ditference shall be paid in the formof assistance. U 7.5 The value of the houses,buildings and other immovableproperties of the P,APsincluding the PDPs shall be determinedfor the purposeof paymentof compensationat the relevantB.S.R without i deductingthe depreciationvalue. 7.6 Compensationfor propertiesbelonging to the communityor for commonplaces of worship which are acquired for the project shall be providedto enable constructionof the same alt the new place throughthe local self-governingbodies. 7.7 Compensationfor trees will also be based on their market value in case of timber bearing 3 trees and replacementcost in case of fruit bearing trees as per the rates decidedby the competent authorityin consultationvith Deptt.of Agriculture,Forest, Horriculture,Sericulture etc. as the case may be. /.8 Compensationshall be paid and efforts will be made to cornpletethe R&R of PAPs/PDPs before taking possessionof the land/properties.The PDPs and PAPs shall hand over the land and 3 properties acquired to the Governmentfree from all encumbrancessuch as mortgage, debt etc.. pertainingto the landsand propertiesacquired. However,in case of any loans, on suchacqluired lands and properties given to the PAP by any Govt. agency, remains unadjustedas per the information furnishedby the PAPs or by the loaner agency then such amountsshall be deducted out of total I compensation. i.9 Disposalof acquiredproperties . The acquiredland and propertiesshall vest in the department/organisationpaying compensafionfor such lands/properties. c c 8 RESETILEMENT AND REHABILITATION 8.1 Agriculturalland for land compensationwill be providedto vulnerablepersons as defined in para 4. 10. Efforts willbe made to allotthe nev agricultzralland in thejoint name of tie hIusbandand Uife. 8.2 New resettlementsites or site for shoppingcomplexes should be developed.if so opted bv 2$ I or more numnberooffamilies of PDPs or displacedshop owners,as the case mav be , at one place preferably in nearby areas. Hovever, where PDPs do not opt for such site and preIicrcash.' hen adequateassistance towards the cost of infrastructuredevelopment will be givento the l'I)Ps.- 8.3 At the new settlementcentres. civic amenitieslike drinkingwater, internaland link roads, medical facilities,schools. electricity, etc. will be providedalong with any otheramenities which the PDPs had at their abandonedplace. Any facilitiesprovided by the Govt & all commonresource properties being availed by the displaced and affectedpersons prior to the project will as far as possiblebe provided/continuedat Governmentcost at the new placeof theirresettlement or at the old 3 place. as the case may be. 8.4 Plots for houses shopsat the new resettlementsites will be providedto the PDPs on payment basis except for the vulnerableperson who will receive it free of cost. The allotmentof plot for house/shopwill be in the joint name of husbandand wife. Costof registrationto that effectwould be bome by the projectauthority. 8.5 Rehabilitationassistance a) Economic rehabilitation assistance shall be provided to the affected vulnerable families; 3 b) Transitional allowance. shiftinz allowance. and rental allowance shall be provided to the affected people; c) Training for upgradation of skills or those related to income generation will be provided as a part of rehabilitation assistance. 8.6 The R&R activities in respect of the tribals should be adapted to their needs and environment. 1 8.7 Customarv nrghtand land tenure system of the tnbal PDPs and PAPs should be protected.. 9 -MONITORING AND POST - PROJECT EVALUATION On completion of implementation of the R&R wvork.project authorities shall monitor resettlement & rehabilitation of the PAPs & the host population. Such evaluation ill be done annually, mid-term and end-term from the date of commencement of R&R work by external agency with the participation of the renresentatives of the PAPs. Suggestions made in the evaluation report will be incorporated in the I RRAPrevisedRAP to make the RiR proerammes more effective. The monitoring would be done involving project affected people in assessing results and impacts. 10 ORGANUIZAIONALSTRUCTURE I The project wNillhave an R & R Cell with one Rehabilitation Officer at the head office (Project Implementation Unit) will coordinate the R & R activities and one land acquisition officer will assist in the land acquisition. In addition. in the Division. the Executive Engimeer will work as the Rehabilitation Officer and will work closely with the NGOs appointed. The cell will be further supported by District Level CoMMmitteescomprising the Revenue Officer, any other representative from district administratioi. representatives of PDPsfPAPs, NGOs and the ExecrutiveEngineer. The District Level Committees will assess the replacement value of the property and advise the RR cell accordingly as well as on any other matter concerning the social aspects of the 3 resettlement. The responsibilitiesof the Cell will include implementationof the RAP and monitoring and U e evaluation. l l 11 COST SNDBUDGETG The cost of all compensationand R & R workswill be integralpart of the overallproject cost which 3 will be borne by the Project. 12 GRIEVA-NCEREDRESS | GrievanceRedress Cell will be formedat the District levels with representationfrom PAPs,Village Council,PWD, Block Administration.District Administration, NGOs, reperesentative of Panchayat and or Municipality and any other opi-nionleader who will look into the grievancesof the local people. 13 SCOPE FOR MKING ANENDMNENTSIN THIER & R POLICY The State Governmentmav from time to time make amendmentsin this R&R Policy as and when I considerednecessary. l l I l 12 AnnexureI BROAD ENTITLEM1ENTFRME WORK A summary entitlement matrix for the project is provided below: KERALASTATE HIGHWAYSPROJECT Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Broad Entitlement Frame Work Impacts and assistance criteria Land Inside Right of acquisition Wav Vulnerable NVuonVulnerabebe Vulnerable ~VulnerableNVOn A. Corridor of Impact: Loss of land and other assets Snpport given to families and households Consultation,counseling regarding alternatives, I and assistance in identiring new sites and I/ / | .opportumities I 2 Compensationfor land at replacementcost, plus allowancesfor fees or othercharges l Advancenotice to harv-estnon-perennial crop 3 or compensationfor lost standingcrops. Compensationfor perennial crops and trees, 4 calculated as annual produce value for one / S Compensationor R&R assistancefor structures /2 or othernon-land assets 6 Shiftingassistance I ' I _____ / Option of movingto resettlementsites (in a T 7 group of nmimnum25 families)incorporating_ 1 1.1 / I needs for civc amenities l B. Corridor of Inpact: Lost or diminishedlivelihood Support given to adult individuals | 8 Rehabilitation and assistance for lost or diminishedlivelihood ll / Additionalsupport mechanisms for vulnerablel 9 groups in re-establishing or enhancing| | livelfihoodIiIli 10 Employmentopportunities in connectionwith | l / projectto the extentpossible l l l Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and r 11 Any other impactsnot yet identified,whether ritinated based on the principlesagreed upon in loss of assetsor hvelihood t o fm o this pohCY framework! C. Indirect, group oriented impactsin the iicinitv of the road corridor Group oriented support will be given to mitigate negative Impactson the commtunity,and to enhance developmentopportunities. Addressing taffic safety needs of pedestrianswill target particularsupport at more vulnerablegroups. for example. * The entitlementswill exclude the affected non-vulnerable encroachers but includenon-vulnerable squatter. These categoriesand supportmechanisms are descnbed in moredetail in the entitlementmatrix (%ide AnnexyI In caseof any ambiguityin provisionsof AnnexI and II the provisionsof Annex11 shall govern. - 13 Annexure 11 SUIGGESTEI) FiORMAT OF DETAILED ENTITLEMENT MATRIX: INI)IA - KERALA STATEIIhGIIWAVYS POtJ.EcrCT TYPE OF UJNITOF CA-TEGORtY LOSS ENTITLEMENT INTITlI,EMEN1 I)ETrAILS IA Private Agricultural Family Compensation at "replacement I If the renlacement cost (determined as per para 7.3 of the ProJPerty land and assets (as dcrfiitcd in cost" or "actual market value" policy framework) is more than the compensation (at para 4.4) "market price" as determined by the Competent Autliority as per para 7.3 of the policy framework), then Ilte dli 'elThreceis to le piid by iltc projetc il tlhe ilrm ot' "assistance". 2 I'Al's will he explained (he process aild tlicir vicws will hie takein inito consideration, while (deteinini1il1gtlIC m1iarket. VallieX. 3 I1' the residuLal plot(s) is (ure) not viable i.e. less tlhan MlI, thlicre are thirce options to he given lo the entitledl perISonI(1'1'1). Thle EP retains the plot, and the compensation and assistance palid lo0l e tuni il rofrieiuredamotiii o landl to be acqlUired; o Conmlipisationi and "assistanec" are givein hor the enitire plot including residual plot , if the owner ol sucil lan(d wislhes Ilitit lhis residtual plot slhould also be ac(iuLire(dby the project authliorityprovided rescliltal landl is qtii lie(d less tlhLanMElII, 'I'lc plroject autholrity will acquiec the rtesidutallplot so paid. IF 1 I ' is frollm Vulnerable gr1ouIl),complensation I'mbthe ent ire land is by mICieansot'laidti lol' iand(lif' so WishleC(by 4 TIransitional allowance calculated at mininiuim wages lbr 6 m1onth10s,il' lth ersidiLal land(iis niot viable or tori 3 imloitlis whelntile resi(duallandl is viable 5 In case of sevcrpnice of agricuLltiral land, an addi(ional gianit ol 1A%ol thleamltint pai(l lor lantt acquisit ion. 6 All l1es, taxes ani other chiarges,as appliIica-bleULied1r Ilhe relevanti laws, incurred in the relocationl alin( resource establishment, are tti be borne by the project. 7 . Alterative economic rehabilitation support and trainiing for uLpgradationiof thleskills. * _ _ m - - _ _ - -_ m - m_ _ m_ - - - :- - - m m m m m- m m - m' - 14 Private Noni- Family Compensation ati "replacenctit- I Conpensation lor loss ol r(esidecitiall/comii'iecial lalldLat Property agricultural cost" or "actUal market valiue" replacement value. land und 2 11 thle asset (part or till) in qutistioni is a assets residlential/comimiiercial sitricitre, tlhcni thle replacement cost will be cuiqullted as equivaleilt tt) tile cost of' provision of residenilial structure of area equivalent to that lost, subject to relevant "quality standards" of BSR as maintained by Govcernment/l.ocll Bodies Authorities, 3 It tihcreplacemcnt cost is rnore than tlihecompensation (at "market price" as determined by the Competent AuLItlority),tihen tihe difference is to be paid by the project in teie lbori of "assistance". 4 TI'ransitional assistance calculated at miininmiumwages in the loiriniof'aL gratlt to covcer maximum six months. 5 Rental allowance ltr 6 months. 6 A IlamIpsuml shi[l'ingallowance. 7 The tenants will receive the following: . The amount of deposit or advance payment paid by the tenant to the landlord or the remaining amount at the time of expropriation, (this will be deducted from the paymenit to the landlord). * A sum; equal to six monitlis rental in consideraltion or disruiptionlcaused, andl( . Compensation for any structure the tenant has erected on tile property. (rhis will be dedIucted fiom the payment to the landlord). . Absentee landlords will receive only the Compensation at ''replacemnent cost" IC Rtelocatioln Family Alternate plot I . Optioni for residenitial/coniniercial plot at resettlement site il' so opted by 25 or nmorenumber of l'l)ls on payment basis except lor vulnerable groulp wlho will receive it fiec ol cost. 'Ilic siz.e of, thc pllots will he eqLill to ille uIrct lost or m1axilmlulm1uL) to 50 sq nil. Ior hlOuISCandl 25 sq. mt. Ior sliop. 2. For those whio chose self-reclocltion, lthe 'l)l's will be ceititled( to plots (imenitioned(iabove) eveni il' tlhey dlo not opt t'Or'rescettlement sites. 15 2A Livelihood Wage ear-4lig Individual Assistance equal to hit I 'this is valid for persons indirectly alfected due to the Iniotitls lost income employer bcing displaced. 2 'Ilie loss of inlcotmcwill bc calculatcd on the basis of the Illillinluill wage. 3 Alternative Economic IRehabilitation support and training No; r.i l .:uy, . .... __ _ _ ... . . !0 LIE-gradatioil _...... of skill._ 211 Not-l)ereilillalNotice to liarvest I:umily standini g I 'lhey are entitled to be given a nlotice substanltially 4 Crops. crps. ionthslisin advance. 2 I'erop is lost grant towards crop lost belore hiarvestdue to lorced relocatioll, e(Lual to market value of crol) lost plus coSt ofrcplhiccniecntof'secds f'or IIIc nCextsCason's harvest. 2( et-eiiiaubtl Family ('Compel)Cnsatioll at mniarkcetComnpensation lor pereimiiialcrops aid tIrees,calculatde as f_ril_ttrees value" annual plroduce valuefor lost tlhreeyears. 3A Illegal use (of' Encroncliers IFamiily Will reccive lo compensation I lincronchierswill he notifted a titie in whlicthto I-emilove the lt)W lor land1 buLt assistance lor teliir assets,(except trees) andlharvest tileir crops. assCIsto tilC vulnerablc 2 'I'o meet the loss of income thiey will be entitled to transitional allowaice, calculatedat minimum wages for 6 Imlonlthis.Also shiftinig and rental allowanle for six months. 3 Compensation for structures at replacement cost to the vulnerable person. 3B S iii~juiatters Famlily WillFEeThCilioCompnsaion -- a-11aii/access to tr'aRng,wiU~hiIscavl il ______trs __j Will reCCLIVeno0 COilfl)CllSatiOnlT IiiaiI/CCSl iliil iii nle qiao for1 land hLut assistancefor inicomiegencratting assistanice. loiassets. but assislance lor 2 Sljii ti asrsistanccandi rciitalallowanice for six monitlis. assets. 3T1ransitional allowaniec lor six imonitlis calCulated at miii m1111t11m1WaIges. 4 I conomic . rehabilitation support aned training lor ______Up 'radadtion of skills. 4 Additonal lo Pimrary Family Add itional assisniIce Econcolimcrec abilitatioen granit calculated at one year's supporti to source of poverty linecas determiniiedby thieState 131'1,survey. vulnerable incomiie . A Si_l __l_g MIob)ileIdnI Family 'I licy are not eligible for AhAIblatotly vendor-s licensed for fixed locations will be lllBslless nalatomy . collnipclsation or1"assistalncc". conisidlered as kiosks. VCII(lOrSs______ -~~~__ _ .__. __ _-- _ _- __m _ -_ -_ m-J-- - - 16 5l1 K_os _s Family "Assistalice" I'oI bLISilleSS I 'l he Assistance will be paid, calculatcd at minimum wages (IiSSi tLillOD. lwr thliCC mlolutlhs. 2 Whric nullierous vendors arc Displaced, provision or a veiniors market", rent Ifrc for first six montils, thercaftcr thcy would be collcctivcly cncouragcd to purchase their n),irket site. 3 lor purpose of the above dctail 2, only when 50 vendors arc displaccd, thc provision will bc in force. Ilowever, the lIlLJ will (decide whethier suchi a "vendor's market" needs to be provided, on a case-to-case basis, wlien tilc number ol displaced vendor-s is less tlhan 50. GA (Ioililnllty {oiniiilo Comunlity Conservationi, protection, I Easily replaccd resources such as cultural properties will lilraNstrluctuire property couIlcPistit(oiy rieplacclucilt be coinscrvcd (by meIansof special protcction, relocation, cohiesloi andul iesources ilclphcnlent etc.) inconsu.ltation withi the comnnLnity. iiliiciiltles 2 Loss of access to firewood ctc. will be compensated biy inovolvingthe; commLnities in a social forestry schcmc, in cu-ordination with thle D)epartment of Forcsts, wherever possible. 3 Adequate safety measures, particularly of pedestrians and children; Landscaping of community common arcas; improved drainage; roadsidc rest areas ctc., may be provided in Ihc design or the highiways. 4 Employmilentopportunities in the project, if possiblc. 5 Loss of trces will bc replaced by compensatory afforestation. 613 llost (C011u11itllity Hnlia;Inceminelntol coniililuity I Ihc luicilitics will bc cnhanced to mect the increasing cojiin:ulllmitles resoLIIcCs. Replacement of' denands ol't lc hoslsl)pulation. likely to bc depleted resources 2 Compensati6n/assistance will be provided in the form of provision of Community, recreational, infrastructure I.acilitics and hielp in organizing incomlc-gencrat ing schemes, in consultation withi thc host community. 6C smpAny not yet Unfoieseen impacts shall be documented and mitigated identifeld, based on the principles agreed upon in this policy whctiler loss of framework. assct or livelihood 16 513 Kinosks Family "Asssiaicc" lor btisincss I 'Ihc Assistance will be paid, calculated at minimum wages disruIpioln. lor- (IIIcc illouitlis. 2 Wlichc numerous vcn(dors arc Displaced, provision of a ,'vendors market", rcnlt ree l'or first six montlis, tliercafter they would be collectivcly cncouraged to purchase their niarkct sitc. 3 For purpose of the above defail 2, only whien 50 vendors arc displaccd, thc provision will be in force. Ilowevcr, the I)IU will dccide whetlier such a "vendor's market" nceds to be providcd, on a casc-to-case basis, whcn the nunmbcr ol displaccd vendors is less than 50. 6A ('o0iiiinu0ilty Common Colmuilnillity Conservation, protectioll, I Easily rcl)iaccd resources suchi as cultural properties will Itilrasti-tietiare property compnciutoi y replhiccineL be conserved (by means of special protcction, relocation, coliesion and resources rcl)lacenclnt etc.) in consultation witlh the community. zizilezillks ...... 2 Loss of access to lirewood ctc. will be compensated by illVOlVilig the COmmunitics in a social forestry scheme, in co-ordination witl thI l)cpartmcnt of Forcsts, whercvcr possible. 3 Adequate safcty measures, particularly of pedestrians and chiildrcn; Landscaping of community common areas; improved drainage; roadside rest areas etc., may be p)rovided inl thl dign of the iigIhways. 4 Employment opportunities in the project, if possibic. 5 Loss of trees will be replaced by compensatory afforestation. 613 llost ('omm1lunity Iinhancezlictli ol coluiniini ty I''llc ilecilities will be cilancc( to mnet tile increasing coinllillilltles resOurces. Replacement of' demanids ol'thc lhost population, likely to be dcepletcd rCsources 2 Compensati6n/assistance will be provided in the form of provisioin of Community, recreational, infrastructure Ifacilities and helP jn orgailizing incomc-gcncrating schlemes,in consultation witli the host comnmunity. 6C Any otiher n impact not yet Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and mitigatcd identi fied, based on the principles agreed upon in this policy whcthier loss of iramiework. asset or livelillood - - - -- m - m - - - - - m m------ APPENDIX- B Income RestorationAction Plan for the Kerala State Transport Project (Phase I Roads) Displaced Alternate Families Alternate Dplcd Alternate Families Alternate Target Date Target Date Target Date LosingComme Diaspae Residential Losing Res- Commercial foffrCopeto Link No.Link Name Length Agricultural Agri.'Land Comm. Land Reietamle Reqird Properie Reqirdfo frCmpeinopltn link No. Link Name (kin)g FamiliestRequiredhEsabs(km)e amilisReqi're Estas ReqiredRe d (Number)amiResidentialoerie eqi'e Identificationo d P of Land of Training (Number)(ha) ~(Number) (ha) (ha) (Number) (ha) oLad Pcuent Skills 1 Taikkod-Kottarakara 46.000 24 1.15 172 0.80 41 0.76 7 0.10 Done 31.5.2002 Mar-03 2 Kottarakara-Adur 20.850 7 0.92 23 0.13 22 0.23 0 0.00 Done 31.5.2002 Mar-03 3 Adur-Chengannur 23.590 2 0.15 12 0.06 10 0.03 1 0.04 Done 31.5.2002 Mar-03 6 Muvattupuzha-Angamali 33.800 0 0.00 39 0.06 6 0.01 0 0.00 Done 31.5.2002 May-03 40 Thrissur-Kuttipuram 32.980 0 0.00 12 0.08 6 0.03 0 0.00 31.12.2001 31.5.2002 Jul-03 50.1 Palakkad-Shornur 45.300 0 0.00 17 0.03 15 0.14 2 0.01 31.12.2001 31.5.2002 Jul-03 70 Muvattupuzha-Thodupuzha 17.700 2 0.21 43 0.28 53 0.63 2 0.06 Done 31.5.2002 May-03 72 Taikkod-Kazhakuttam 12.580 6 0.43 43 0.11 36 0.40 4 0.04 31.12.2001 31.5.2002 Mar-03 73 Alappuzha-Changanassery 24.140 0 0.00 4 0.01 0.00 1 0.00 Done 31.5.2002 Mar-03 Total 256.940 41 2.86 365 1.56 189 2.23 17 0.25 1_ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ------m ------ APPENDIX C Action Plan for Awareness Campaign and Prevention of HIV/AIDSin the KSTP Project Stage Location Action Theme Action Components Responsibility Responsibility Source of Funding AwarenessCampaign Signing/hoardings NGO HIV/AIDS Budget Construction Condomdispensing PIU Camp Prevention Generalmedical facilities Contractor Contractor's budget Routine medical check-up Signing/hoardings HIVIAIDS Budget Advertisements ProjectSite AwarenessCampaign, Referral services NGO PIU Implementation Prevention Social marketingof condoms Informartionon availability of pharmacies Signing/hoardings Immediate Advertisements Surroundingof AwarenessCampaign, Referralservices NGO PIU HIV/AIDS Budget the Project Prevention Social marketingof Locations condoms Informartionon availability of pharmacies _ 1 APPENDIX D KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PROJECT REHABILIT ATION & RESETTLEMENT: PRINCIPLES AND POLICY FRAMEWORK i 1. INTRODUCTION The Governmentof Kerala is preparingthe Inland water transport projectProject. The aim of the project is to promote greateruse of the natural resourcesof the inland waterwaysas a more economicaland environmentallyfriendly mode of traffic and as an integralpart of the states transportnetwork, with privatesector and communityparticipation. The prime strategyof the projectis to rehabilitatethe inlandwater transport infrastructure throughdredging, termiinal improvements, navigation aids and safety and/orother measures. Apart from the positive aspectsof rehabilitationof the canals the projectmay cause people to lose productiveland or house plots, structures,wells, trees or other assets and loseincome otherwise. The policy recognisesthose people who are likely to be affectedby the upgradationand wideningof the water transportnetwork, support mechanisms are proposed to be provided accordingly. Thispolicy framework also addresses the impactsof theproject on thosepeople who utilize the inland wateras a commonproperty resource and are dependenton it for livelihoodlike fishing,manual dredgingof spoil,tourism, irrigation and transportation. This documentdescribes the principlesand approachesto be followedin minimizingand mitigatingnegative social and economicimpacts caused by the project. It providesthe basis for a detailed and time-boundResettlement Action Plan (RAP),which will be preparedfor the project. The RAP will containthe details of census, baselinesocio-economic surveys of the potentiallyaffected population undertaken during the preparationof the project, mitigativemeasures, implementation arrangement and plans, budget, monitoringand evaluationparameters. Broad Principles These guidelinesare preparedto addressthe issues related to resettlement& rehabilitation (R&R)of the projectaffected persons (PAP). The guidelinesoutline the range of assistance in re-establishingtheir homesand livelihoodsin the course of the implementationof the project.The avoidanceof involuntaryresettlement is an integral part of the projectdesign but will be dealt with from the earlieststages of the project preparation.The broad principlesof the R&R policy are as below: * The negative impacton personsaffected by the project shouldbe avoidedor minimized, exploringall viable alternativeproject designs. * Where the negativeimpacts are unavoidable,the project-affectedpersons shouldbe assistedin improvingor regainingtheir standardof living. I * People'sparticdpation should be undertakenin the planningand implementationof the project. I * Positiveimpacts will be enhancedas far as possible. 1 2.2 The projectmay broadly have three impactsthat requiremitigation measures. They are: * Loss of assets, includingland and house * Loss of livelihoodor incomeopportunities * Collectiveimpacts on groups, such as loss of commonproperty resources. The first twocategories represent direct projectimpacts on an identifiedpopulation. The | people likelyto be affectedby the projectwill be surveyedand registered,and project monitoringand evaluationwill comparelonger-term impacts against baselinesocio-economic data. The third categoryrepresents a groupimpact, where group membersneed not be individually surveyed.Gains and losses of a group-orientednature are not quantifiablein terms of impact I on the individual.Mitigation and supportmechanisms will be collectivelyoriented, and the monitoringwill focus on impacton such groups. 2.3 All acquisitionof private land would be under the Land Acquisition(Amendment) Act, | 1984, whichprovides for compensationfor the propertiesto be acquired.Further support wvill be extendedunder the broad principlesof the policy to meet the replacementvalue of the assets and improvetheir standardof living. 2.4 The commonproperty resources will be replacedas far as feasibleand assistancewill be providedat replacementvalue to the group. 2.5 Majorwidening and strengtheningwork planned will take place within the ROW based on land availability.However, major land acquisitionand many impactsare perhapsnot foreseenexcept at locationswhere existingalignment may be improvedand! or widened. Effortswill be made during implementationto minimizeany disturbancein the daily activitiesof the local populace. 2. 6 Beforetaking possession of the acquiredlands and properties,all compensation, Resettlement& Rehabilitationand related activitieswill be made in accordancewith this policy. 2.7 All land acquisitionwill be after harvest of crop 2. 8 If resettlementsites are developedas part of the project,the local "host population" shouldalso be consultedabout their views and needs. There shouldbe no or minimum adversesocial, economicand environmentalimpacts of displacementon the hostpopulation i and specificmeasures shouldbe providedin the RAP to mitigateany such impacts. 2.9 The broad entitlementframework of differentcategories of project-affectedpeople shall | be as per Annex I. A detailedentitlement framework specifying support for specificlosses will be developedas and when indicatedby the social impactassessment. . ~~~~~~~~~~~ I . 2.10 During project implementation,the resettlementprogram will be co-ordinatedwith the completionof designsand the likelytiming of civil works. The projectwill provide adequate notification,counselling and assistanceto affectedpeople so that they are able to move or give up their assets without unduehardship before cormmencementof civil works. 2.11 The project will ensure that civil worksare not started on any segmentbefore compensationand assistanceto the affectedpopulation has been providedin accordancewith this policy framework. ABBREVIATIONSAND TERMS Following abbreviationsand terms will be found used both in the policy and the RAP: Abbreviations: B.P.L BelowPoverty Line B.S.R. Basic Scheduleof Rates C.O.1 Corridorof Impact DRRC DistrictResettlement and RehabilitationCommittee C.P.R. CommonProperty Resources EP EntitledPerson Ha Hectare GRC GrievanceRedress Committee ID IrrigationDepartment M.E.H. MinimumEconomic Holding N.G.O. Non-GovernmentalOrganization P.A.P. ProjectAffected Persons P.D.P. ProjectDisplaced Persons R.A.P. RehabilitationAction Plan RLO.Rehabilitation Officer R.O.W. Right of Way PIU Project ImplementationUnit R&R Resettlementand Rehabilitation S.E.S Socio-EconomicSurvey 3 SC Scheduled(Caste l S.T ScheduledTribe u/s Under Section | Terms Corridorof Impact Widthof corridorrequired for the constructionof road and for its safety zone. Danam Land Includelands attachedwith Temples(pandaramvala), Mosques (wakj), Churches(edavacka) etc. wherepriests are allowed to cultivatethe same withouthaving to pay revenue to the Statefor the same. (North Indian,Perso-Arabic derived term is Muafif Land.) District Collector Administrativehead of a District. | Hectare(Ha) A unit measuringland area. One Hectareequals 10,000Sq. meters or 2.475 Acre. - Panchayat Elected localself-governing body at villagelevel. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Cut-off date Cut-offdate shall be the following: | (a) In the case of land acquisitionaffecting legal titleholders,the cut-offdate wouldbe the date of issuingthe noticeu/s 4(1) of LA. Act. I (b) For the non-titleholdersthe cut off date will be the date of census survey 3.2 Project Displaced Person A projectdisplaced person (PDP) is one who is compelledto changehis/her placeof residenceand/or workplaceor placeof businessdue to the project. 3 3.3 Project Affected Person | Unlessotherwise specified in this Policy document,a project affectedperson is one who, in consequenceof the project,sustains damages (a) by reasons of severingsuch land or (b) by affectinghis/her immovableproperties in any manner or (c) by adverselyaffecting his/her livelihood/earningscalculated by an objectiveassessment. The categoryof projectaffected person (PAP).includes project displaced person (PDP). | l . 3.4 Defimitionof Family (a) A "Family" shall mean Husband/Wifeand minor children. (b) Every son or unnrried daughterwho has attainedthe age of 18 years on or before the cut-off-datewill be treated as separatefamily. © Every divorcedor widowed daughterliving separatelyor with the familyon or prior to cut off date will be treated as separatefamily. 3.5 Landless/AgriculturalLabourer A person who does not hold any agriculturalland and who has been deriving his main income by working on the lands of others as an agriculturallabourer prior to cut off date. 3.6 Encroacher A person is an encroacherif he/she has trespassedGovernment land, adjacentto his/her own land or asset to whichhe/she is not entitled,and who deriveshis/her livelihoodand housing therefromprior to the cut-off date. 3.7 Squatter A squatter is a person who has settledon publiclyowned land for housingor livelihood without pernission or who has been occupyingpublicly owned buildingwithout authority prior to the cut-offdate. 3.8 Below Povertyline Annual incomefrom all sourcesis less than a designatedsum as fixed by Planning Commission,Government of India. 3.9 Income Income of a PAP shall mean the amountof incomeas shownin his Income Tax Returnprior to the cut-off date. In the absence of such a return, his income shall be calculatedby an objective assessmentapplying the same method as adoptedby the Governmentagencies for identifyingB.P.L. families. 3.10 VulnerablePerson Unlessotherwise specifically mentioned in thisdocument, a personwho has beendesignated as fallingunder the 'BelowPoverty Line' category and earning up to 25%above the poverty level will be considereda vulnerable person.Generally, the vulnerable groups may include but not be limitedto: * Poor or landlesspeople fallingunder the "BelowPoverty Line" category; * Membersof the ScheduledCastes and ScheduledTribes; * Women-headedhouseholds; * Orphansand destitutepersons (sociallyhandicapped); and * Disabledpersons (physically handicapped) 3.11 MinimumESonomic holding Agriculture landholding up to 1 ha of irrigatedland and 2 ha of unirrigatedland as recognizedby the Govermmentof India. 1 3.12 AdditionalSupport to VulnerableGroups The project will determine,through census surveysand other studies who amongthe affected populationmay be consideredas vulnerableor at risk. The vulnerablegroups will receive targeted support and specialattention from the project, andprovided supportmechanisms. 4 BROAD PROCEDU1RES | 4.1 The project recognizesthat along with the positiveaspects of the development,there may also be negativeimpacts, including the possibleloss of assets, the loss of house and shelter, and the loss of livelihoodor income opportunities.Moreover, a project like this inflictssome impactson the communityas a whole, such as, loss of access to communityfacilities like schools and hospitals,access to water and sanitation,access to commonproperty resources, I and in rare cases,prostitution as evidencedduring the surveys. 4.2 People losingtheir home representa particularchallenge in the resettlementprogram. | Every effort will be made by the project to ensurethat new housingis availablebefore people are required to relocate. 4.3 Every effort shouldbe made during projectdesign and preparationto minimize acquisitionof land and other assets and to reduce negativesocioeconomic impacts. | 4.4 If the projectimpact leads to people being unable to continuewith their previous occupation,the projectwill provide supportand assistancethrough altemativeemployment strategies. Longer-termearning opportunities will be providedthrough strategies such as vocationaltraining, employment counseling, inclusion in incomegenerating schemes, and access to credit. 3 4.5 The principleis to provide R&R assistanceto both PDPs and PAPs. Compensationfor land, however,will not be extendedto the encroachersand squatters,considering the illegal | nature of their possession. 4.6 The identificationof encroachersand squatters,in case they do not possessration cards, wouldbe soughtfrom voters'list or from any other legal documentsor informationfrom the community.In the absenceof any supportinglegal documents,findings of the Censussurvey shall be relied upon. 4.7 Efforts shouldbe made to ensure involvementof the people and stakeholdersin planning, implementationand monitoringof the projectthrough focus group discussions,workshops at 1 districtand at state levels. 4.8 Copiesof this document,information on its salient features or its officialExecutive Summary,will be displayedat the noticeboard of the offices of the projectauthority for generalinformation to the public.Policy translatedin local languageshould be distributedto the affectedpeople, Interested public may contactRehabilitation Officer for furtherdetails. - The ResettlementAction Plan will providedetailed information regarding the consultation - - |~~~~~~~~~ . process. It will take accountof the fact that informationmust be given at differentstages, repeated, and providedthrough different media The consultationprocess planned for the projectwill use differenttypes of consultationsuch as participatoryrural appraisal,in-depth interviews, focus group discussions,seminars and meetings,and key informantinterviews at differentlevels of stakeholderinvolvement, including: * Householdrepresentatives - men and women; * Clustersof PAPs; * Village Panchayats; * District developmentcommittee; U * Other governmentagencies and departments. 4.9 The project will thereforeensure that the affectedpopulation and other stakeholdersare informed and consultedabout the project, its impact,their entitlementsand options,and I allowed to participate activelyin the developmentprocess. This will be done particularlyin the case of vulnerableindividuals and groups,who will be encouragedto choosethe options, which entail the lowest risk. This exercisewill be done throughoutthe project life - during preparation,implementation, and monitoringof projectresults and impacts. 5 Compensation and R & R 5.1 All P.A.Ps. as definedin para 3.3 shall be entitledto resettlementand rehabilitation besides compensationas stipulatedhereinafter. ThosePAPs who are not entitled for compensationmay get R&Rbenefits as per their respectiveentitlement framework. 5.2 The compensationfor land and building shallbe providedwithin the ambit of the L A Act and to meet the replacementvalue, R&R assistancewill be provided. 5.3 All losses, includingloss of income,should be compensatedwithin the overallR&R packageas per the broad entitlementframe work. The unit of entitlementframework shall be the family as definedin para 3.4 5.4 In case of acquisitionof houses/buildings/otherassets, the replacementcost shouldbe considered.The replacementvalue will be assessedas per procedurelaid down in para 6.4.4 I In case the replacementcost is more than the compensationat marketprice determinedby competentauthority, the differenceis to be paid by the project in the form of assistance. 3 Replacementvalue of land will be assessedas per procedure laid down in para 6.4.3 5.5 The entitlementof compensation& assistancewill be extendedto only those PAPs who are so identifiedon or prior to the cut off date. The GrievanceRedressal Committee should deal claims regardingR&R assistance. 5.6 GeneralAssistance to P.A.Ps.& P.D.Ps. 5.6.1 The shiftedpopulation shall be assistedin gettingtheir names includedin voters' lists of the area of their resettlement. 5.62 PAPs fallingunder vulnerable groups shall be providedsuitable assistance to minimise the adverse impactsthrough various means, whichwill be describedin detail in the RAP., 6. SOCIALIMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENTPLANNING l l 6.1 Corridorof Impact Displacementunder the projectwill be limitedto the corridor requiredfor the canal. This corridor is referredto as the Corridorof Impact (COI),and comprisestypically the total constructionwidth, inclusiveof embankments.The COI can have a differentextent to the 3 right and left from the channelcenterline and varies as required. 6.2 Surveys 6.2.1 For proper rehabilitationof the project affectedand displacedpersons, social impact assessmentshall be undertaken.This wouldhelp in assessingthe magnitudeof displacement, losses to be sustainedby PDPs and PAPs, better targetingof vulnerablegroups, ascertaining the cost of R&R, drawingout the rehabilitationpackage and administeringthe same. The social impact assessmentshall consistof two surveysnamely: (a) Census survey of 100percent of PAPs (b) A baseline socioeconomicsample surveyof 25 percentof the PAPs to establishthe monitoringand evaluatingparameters. The purpose of the census is to register and documentthe status of the potentiallyaffected I populationwithin the projectimpact area. This will providea demographicoverview of the population,and will cover people's assets and main sourcesof livelihood. 3 The baseline surveyshall be completedprior to the date of notificationunder Section4(1) of LA Act. If declarationunder sub-section is not issued within the stipulatedperiod as specified 3 the survey will be undertakenagain and the notificationunder section4(1) shall be reissued. 6.2.2 The census surveywill inter-aliainclude collection of informationabout the following: a * The resourcebase includingland, water, and forest etc., with an assessmentof its developmentand ecologicalpotential in the pre-projectconditions • the economybase of the affectedpeople includingthe modes and magnitudeof production,consumption pattern, related economic institutions and allocationof various productiveresources. 3 * Householdcensus covering immovable property owned by the PAPs and otherresources in their possession/use.These surveyswould be carriedout in associationwith local and host communitiesas well as with the localrepresentatives. * The social structure,norms, customs, cultural centres, traditions, patterns of leadership I and institutionsof social network. * The census surveyswill prima-facieidentifies tenants, sharecroppers,encroachers and agriculturalday labourers.During such census survey,those PAPs are dependenton the waterway for their livelihood,shall alsobe identifiedand listed alongwith their identified income. | * Besidesthis, the surveywill also identifyPDPs and PAPs, the ST and S.C. populationsin accordancewith the S.T. and S.C. lists of the Govt.,the vulnerablePAPs such as the old, handicapped, ifirm, orphansand destitute. 6.2.3 Baselinedata of the Surveyshould also include: * Accurateup todate maps of the area of project; | * Analysisof social structureand incomeresources of the population; I . D Fixingup market value of land equal to the minimum landvalue if so prescribedby the StateGovt. under Indian Stamp Act for the purposeof registrationof sale deedsunder Indian RegistrationAct of 1908. The replacementcost to be fixed up by the project authorityshall be the amount,which shall be the highest among the three amounts,arrived at by the aforesaidthree alternativemethods. In case replacementcost is higher than the marketvalue determinedby competentauthority the differenceshall be paid in the form of assistance. 6.4.4 The value of the houses,buildings and other immovableproperties of the PAPs includingthe PDPs shall be determinedfor the purpose of paymentof compensationat the relevantB.S.R without deductingthe depreciationvalue. 6.4.5 Compensationfor propertiesbelonging to the communityor for commonplaces of w6rshipwhich are acquiredfor the project shall be providedto enableconstruction of the same at the fiew place throughthe local self-governingbodies. 6.4.5 Compensationfor trees will also be based on their marketvalue in case of timber bearing trees and replacementcost in case of fruit bearing trees as per the rates decidedby the competentauthority in consultationwith Departmentof Agriculture,Forest, Horticulture, Sericultureetc. as the case may be. 6.4.6 Compensationshall be paid and effortswill be made to completethe R&R of PAPs/PDPsbefore taking possessionof the land/properties.The PDPs and PAPs shall hand over the land and propertiesacquired to the Governmentfree from all encumbrancessuch as mortgage,debt etc., pertainingto the lands and propertiesacquired. However,in case of any loans,on such acquiredlands and propertiesgiven to the PAP by any Govt. agency,remains unadjustedas per the informationfurnished by the PAPs or by the loaner agencythen such amountsshall be deductedout of total compensation. 6.5 Disposal of acquired properties The acquiredland and propertiesshall vest in the departnent/organisationpaying compensationfor such lands/properties. 7 RESETTLEMENT AND REHABILITATION 7.1 Agriculturalland for landcompensation will be providedto vulnerableperson as definedinpara 3.10 will be allottedin the joint name of husbandand wife. 7.2 New resettlementsites or site for shoppingcomplexes should be developed,if so opted by 25 or more number of familiesof PDPs or displacedshop owners,as the case may be, at one place preferablyin nearbyareas. However,where PDPs do not opt for such site and prefercash, then adequateassistance towards the cost of infrastructuredevelopment will be givento the PDPs. l * Inventoriesof the resourceswhich the tribal use as well as data on their systemsof economicproduction; t * The relationshipof the tribal to other local and national groups. Basclincstudies should capture the fll range of productionand marketingactivities in which the tribalare engaged. 6.3 Resettlement and RehabilitationAction Plan (RAP) 6.3.1 The census survey,which serves to provide baselinesocioeconomic information about the affectedpersons, will be completedbefore initiationof the.preparationfor the RAP. I 6.3.2 A comprehensiveplan for-resettlementwill be drawn up in advanceby the project authoritiesbased on the socio-economicsurveys. The entire plan for resettlementshould be I preparedby the project authoritieswith the participationof local representatives,NGOs, and includingrepresentatives -of the PAPs. 3 6.3.3The RAP shall be broughtto the notice of the displacedand affectedpersons with the help of the local NGOs,the representativesof PAPs and the host communitiesso that they are able to make their suggestions. 6.3.4The completedRAP will includethe census of affected people, and their impactsand entitlementsto restorelosses, budget, institutional mechanisms and schedule of task, assessmentof feasibilityof incomerestoration mechanism and avenues for grievanceredress and participatorymonitoring of results. 3 6.4IMPLEMENTATION: ACQUISITION OF LAND AND PROPERTIES 6.4.1 Land surveysfor paymentof compensationshall be done on the basis of updated officialrecords and groundfacts. Jhe land recordsshall be updated relating to title / > classification/currentuse of land epeditiously for ensuringadequate cost compensationand I alotment of land to the entitleddislaced persons. For determiningclassification/current use of ladik,official recordsas they aerebnthd cut-off date shall be taken into consideration. 6.4.2 If 75 percentor more land holding of a PAP/PDPis acquiredor when the part of a land remainingafter acquisitionbecomes economically unviable , the owner of such land/property shall have the right to seekacquisition of his entire contiguousholding/property provided the 1 residual land is less than MEH. 6.4.3 The project authorityshould determine the possiblereplacement cost of land and asset I to be acquired. For this purpose,project authoritiesin associationwith representativesof PAPs will do land marketsurveys and professionalassesses. While determiningthe replacementcost of the landproject authoritywill take recourse to three systemsof I assessmentdescribed below: (a) Taking into accountsuch prescribed rates or the averageof the actual transactionrates of I similarlands for contemporaryyears for which sale deeds are registered. (b) Takingino consideration20 timesof the annual value of gross productionof the 3 concernedland, a'veragedover proceedingfive years. 1 7.3 At the new settlementcentres, civic amenitieslike drinkingwater, internaland link roads, medical facilities,schools, electricity, etc. will be provided along with any other eamnitieswhich the PDPs had at their abandonedplace. Any facilitiesprovided by the Govt. I & all commonresource properties being availedby the displacedand affectedpersons prior to the project will as far as possiblebe provided/continuedat Govemnmentcost at the new place of their resettlementor at the old place, as the case may be. 7.4 Plots for houses/shopsat the new resettlementsites will be providedto the PDPs on paymentbasis exceptfor the vulnerableperson who will receive it free of cost. The allotmentof plot for house/shopwill be in thejoint name of husband and wife. Cost of registrationto that effect would be bome by the projectauthority. 7.5 (i) EconomicRehabilitation assistance shall be providedto the affectedvulnerable familiesbased on the prevailingincome to detenninethe poverty line by the Planing Commissionof Governmentof India. (ii) Transitionalallowance calculated at the minimumwages over a period of six months.A I lumpsumfor shifting allowanceand rental allowance,shall be provided to the affected people. I (iii) Trainingfor upgradationof skills or those relatedto incomegeneration will be providedas a part of Rehabilitationassistance. i 7. 6 The R&R activitiesin respect of the tribals shouldbe adaptedto their needs and environment. 7.7 Customaryright and land tenure systemof the tribalPDPs and PAPs shouldbe protected.. I 8 MONITORING AND POST - PROJECTEVALUATION On completionof implementationof the R&R work, projectauthorities shall monitor resettlement& rehabilitationof the PAPs & the hostpopulation. Such evaluationwill be done anmually,mid-term and end-termfrom the date of commencementof R&R work by external agencywith the participationof the representativesof the PAPs. Suggestionsmade in the evaluationreport will be incorporatedin the RAP/revisedRAP to make the R&R programmesmore effective.The monitoringwould be done involvingproject affectedpeople in assessingresults and impacts. 9 ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE 9.1 The Irrigationdepartment will have an R & R Cell with one RehabilitationOfficer at the head office (ProjectImplementation Unit) who will coordinatethe R & R activitiesand one I land acquisitionofficer, if necessary,to assistin the land acquisition.In addition,in the district,the executiveengineer will work as the RehabilitationOfficer and will work closely with the NGOs appointed. 9.2 The cell will be furthersupported by District LevelCommittees comprising the Revenue Officer,any other ;representativefrom districtadministration, representatives of PDPs/PAPs, NGOs and the executiveengineer. The District LevelCommittees will assess the replacement l l value of the property and advise the R& R cell accordinglyas well as on any other matter concerningthe social aspectsof the resettlement. 9.3 The responsibilitiesof the Cell will include implementationof the RAP and monitoring and evaluation. 10. Cost and Budgeting The cost of all compensationand R & R works will be an integralpart of the overallproject cost, which will be borne by the Project. 11. GrievanceRedress GrievanceRedress Cellwill be formedat the District levels with representationfrom PAPs, Village Council,PWD, Block Administration,District Administration, NGOs, representative of PsNchayatand or Municipalityand any other opinionleader who will look into the grievancesof the local people. 12 Scope for making amendmentsin the R & R Policy The State Governmentmay fromtime to time make amendmentsin this R&R Policy as and when considerednecessary. I l l l l I AnnexureI BROAD ENTITLEMENT FRAME WORK A summaryentitlement matrix for the projectis providedbelow. A detailed entitlement matrix will be preparedas needed to specifythe individualand group entitlementsalong the b oad principlesoutlined in the summarymatrix. KERALA INLANDWATER TRANSPORT PROJECT Rehabilitation and Resefflement:Broad Entitlement Frame Work Impacts and assistance criteria Land Inside Right of : acquisition Wa Vlrl Non I Non JVulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable A. Corridor of Impact: Loss of land and other assets Support given to families and households Consultation,counseling regarding altematives, and ' / assistance in identifying new sites and opportunities. Compensationfor land at replacementcost, plus , / allowancesfor fees or other charges Advancenotice to harvest non-perennialcrops, or .V compensationfor lost standingcrops. Compcnsationfor perennialcrops and trees, , , calculatedas annual produce value for one season Compensationor R&Rassistance for structuresor , ,,, othernon-land assets Rental Allowance 1 1 - / Shiftingassistance V Optionof moving to resettlementsites (in a group of minimum25 families)incorporating needs for civic amenities B. Corridor of Impact: Lost or diminished livelihood Support Oivento adult individuals Transitionalallowance for lost or diminished __ livelihood Additionaleconomic rehabilitation grant for vulnerablegroups in re-establishingor enhancing I / livelihood Employmentopportunities in connectionwith / / / project to the extent possible Any otherirnpacts not yet identfied, whether loss of Unforeseenimpacts shallbe documentedand mitigated assets or livelihood based on the principlesagreed upon in this policy assetsor livelihood framework C. Indirect, group oriented impacts in the vicinity of the road corridor Group oriented support will be given to mitigate negative Impacts on the community, and to enhance developmentopportunities. These impactswill be identifiedin social impactassessment of the project Particular support will be targeted at more vulnerable groups; for example by addressing impacts on common property resources harvested by low income fishermen, privacy of the con-mmuityliving on the banks of the canals,and any other type of socio-economicdependence on waterwayresources. * The entitlementswill excludethe affectednon-vulnerable encroachers but includenon- vulnerablo-squatte;. DETAILED ENTITLEMENT MATRIX KERALA INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PILOT PROJECT A. CORRIDOROF IMPACT LOSSOF LANDAND OTHER ASSETS Support given to families and households *XaI.. Consultation, counsel(ng regarding alternatIves;tandiasslstancein: ldentIfIl ngfnewrsitessfandVodportWnities : s CATEGORY ENTITLEMENT UNIT ENTITLEMENT DETAILS require 1. Consultation,assistance Household Consultation, counsellng regarding altematives, * All entitlement categories Involve and and counselingas required: and assistance In Identifying new sites and consultation with affected population. Affected in decision making All affected peoplewithin opportunities people are to be Involved of Impact regarding Impacts and support mechanisms. the Corridor ownership status or whetheron public property * Any disputes over be attempted resolved or private land interests lost shall through grievance redress procedure, using the information collected during census and socio-economic studies. As a general rule, vulnerable groups should be encouraged to choose support mechanisms in kind rather than In cash. 2. Compensationfor landat replacementcost, plusnallowatcefor fe CATEGORY ENTITLEMENTUNIT ENTITLEMENT DETAILS Option 1: * Valuation of land will be done by Revenue 2.1 Loss of private land: Household following vulnerable and non- Registrationof new land * Compensationat replacementcost, in Department.If officlal compensation vulnerablegroups shouldbe donejointly for accordancewith the LandAcquisition Act the Land Acquisition Act is below real husbandand wife * Theproject will coverany registration costs replacementcost, the project will provide andother charges additionalsupport to make up the balance. Option2: Thiswill be paid directlyby the project. * If loss of land holdingIs morethan 25% or * Land valuationand valuationof other assets the viabilityof the land Is questionable,the will be adjustedannually during the lifetimeof option of replacement land of equal the projectto reflectreal marketvalue. productivevalue will be provided. * Theproject will ensurethat affectedpopulation . Theproject will coverany registration costs is Informedabout the notificationto acquire and othercharges land. * The projectwill assist PAPs In documenting their claims,accessing legal documents,and advise and assist them regardingany issues ______which might prevent timely and adequate p _ - - - - m_ m - - m_ - m ------m - ---- mm------ compensation. De facto owners will be assisted by the project to establish appropriate evidence of ownership following first legal notification of land acquisition 2.2 Loss of land within Household * If loss of access to public land utilized by public lands necessary for the project constitutes a threat to project: household viability or livelihood, training Vulnerablegroups and assistance will be given in accordance ,_ with categories 11 and 12 . :'. ;3. Advance notice to harvest non-perennial cropsp;or compensation for lost standing crop 3.1 Loss of non-perennial Household * Advance notice of displacement crops, or compensation for . Right to harvest standing crops, or value of lost standing crop: harvest if harvesting cannot be done Private land owners 3.2 Loss of non-perennial. Household * Advance notice of displacement crops, or compensation for * Right to harvest standing crops, or value of lost standing crop: harvest if harvesting cannot be done Squatters and encroachers on public land within the Corridor of Impact ._._. _. . ,__._._-_.__ ._.___. 4. Compensationfor perennial crops-and trees ;____i ____._____e______e 4 Loss of perennial crops Household * Annual net productionvalue for one season and trees: Private land * Right to cut down and keep wood and other owners materials from trees and crops 5. Compensationor R&R assistancefor structures and 5.1 Loss of house on Household. Option 1: * Size of house depends on current size of private land: vulnerable House will be registered . Replacementor compensation for value of house, and number of family members groups jointly in name of entitled house * Compensation-mustbe paid before people are person and spouse a Assistance in identifying and making evicted available new house plot * If there Is a deklay between eviction and Option 2: availability of new home, the project will . House and plot under Government Scheme provide funds for rental of temporary facilities free of cost, See Category 7 to use while households relocate Optlon 3: * If household splits before implementation of * Cash compensation after counseling, project, e.g. major children marrying and sufficient to reestablish dwelling elsewhere forming new households, each new household will be eligible for housing support * In the case of female headed households, a one-year maintenance allowance of Rs. 5,000 * Loss of non-house assets such as wells, fences, etc. will be replaced or compensated at replacement value 5.2 Loss of house on public Household. Option 1: * Size of house depends on current size of land: Vulnerablegroups House will be registered * Replacement or compensation for value of house, and number of family members jointly in name of entitled house . While squatters and encroachers are not person and spouse * Assistance in identifying and making entitled to legal title to a new land plot, the available new house plot project will assist in finding solutions to make Option 2: the tenure situation secure, such as through * House and plot under GovernmentScheme facilitating credit programs etc. free of cost, See Category 7 * Assistance must be given before people are Option 3: evicted * Cash compensation after counseling, * If there is a delay between eviction and sufficient to reestablish dwelling elsewhere availability of new home, the project will provide funds for rental of temporary facilities to use while households relocate * If household splits before Implementation of project, e.g. major children marrying and forming new households, each new household will be eligible for housing support * In the case of female headed households, a one-year maintenance allowance of Rs. 5,000 * Loss of non-house assets such as wells, fences, etc. will be replaced or compensated at replacement value 5.3 Loss of house on Household. As above, Options 1 and 3 As above for private land owners private land: House will be registered Non-vulnerablegroups jointly In name of entitled person and spouse 5.4 Loss of house on public Household. As above, Options 1 and 3 As above for squatters and encroachers land: House will be registered Non-vulnerablegroups jointly in name of entitled person and spouse 5.5. Partial loss of Household * Replacementvalue of structures lost * This includes replacement or compensation for structures and facilities on * Costs of repairs for damaged property wells, fences, ponds, pumps, etc private land with no relocation required 5.6 Partlal loss of structures Household * Replacementvalue of structures lost * This Includes replacement or compensation for and facilities on public land * Costs of repairs for damaged property wells, fences, ponds, pumps, etc with no relocation required _ 5.7 Tenants losing rental Household * Additional shifting assistance, see accommodation Category 9 __ * _ m - - -_ - m -_ ------m ------m------ 5.8 Loss of shop or. Household * Replacementor compensation for value of business structure on structure private land: a Free plot for structure Vulnerablo groups * Assistance towards improving livelihood and income, as noted in categories 10 and 11 5.9 Loss of shop or Household * Replacementor cash assistance for value business structure on public of structure 'land: * Assistance in obtaining plot for structure Vulnerable groups . Assistance towards Improving livelihood and income, as noted in categories 10 and 11 5.10 Loss of shop or Household * Replacement or compensation for value of business structure on structure private land: . Assistance In Identifying and making Non-vulnerablegroups available new plot for structure a Assistance for loss of Income in business for a transition period of 6 months of Rs. 5,000 5.11 Loss of shop or Household . Replacement or cash assistance for value business structureon public of structure land: * Assistance for loss of income in business Non-vulnerablegroups for a transition period of 6 months of Rs. 5,000 5.12 Business tenants Household . Allowance for loss of income in business needing relocation -for a transition perlodof 6 months .______.______6. Rental Assistance 6.1 Tenants losing rental Household * Stipend covering rental costs for a period of property 3 months 6.2 Affected people on Household * Right to salvage materials from existing public land within the structures, trees, and other assets Corridoe of Impact: squatters and encroachers __ ._ . * 7. ShIftIng Assistance 7.1 All affected people Household * Shifting assistance losing their homes 7.2 All affected people Household * Allowance for loss of Income in business or . Agricultural property does not include land losing their businesses or agriculture for a transition period of 6 encroachments agricultural property months, prorated mean monthly income * Transition stipends will be given to cultivators, not to absentee land owners 7.3 Vulnerablegroups * Household * Femaleheaded households: Maintenance * Female headed households:Registration of allowanceof RS.5000 for oneyear propertyin nameof woman * Rs. 1,750per child In child supportfor one year ______;____ .;______. 8. Option of mov ing to resettlement sites (in cases of cluster relocation)}:.:.N. . 8. All affected people losing Household Option 1: theirhomes where an entire * Houseand plotin resettlementsite neighborhood has to * Infrastructuresuch as water,electricity and relocate other utilities; school, temple, etc. ass required Option 2: Self-relocationas underCategory 5 B. CORRIDOROF IMPACT LOST OR DIMINISHED LIVELIHOOD Support given to adult individuals, men and women e 9. Transitional allowance for lost or diminished livellhood*: 9. All people within the Adult individuals, men Option1: * The projectwill undertakea risk analysisof Corridorof Impact,whose andwomen * Assistance In resestablishing and benefitsand costs InvolvedIn differentsupport livelihoods are lost or Improvingprevious livelihood mcchanisms,and offer different options and diminished * Assistancethrough counseling,follow up choicesto affectedpopulation throughoutproject period Option 2: * Whereprevious livelihood is unviableor not desired: Extension of availablo Weaker SectionsDevelopment Schemes or similar supportoffered by the project, depending on eligibilityfor Governmentschemes I Training and lobpromotion 10. Additional economic rehabilita tion grant for vulnerable groups In reestablishing or enhancing livelihood 10. Vulnerable groups Adult individuals, men * As in Category 9, with more targeted within the Corridor * of and women and focused support impact, whose livelihoods * Additional access to credit and Iraining are lostor diminished where possible * Counseling and encouragement to chose lower risk options 11. Employment opportunities In connection with project to the extent possible * - - m_ _ _ _ - - m ------11. Individuals inside and in Adult individuals, men * Temporary or longer term employment in . This can not be guaranteed for everyone, but the vicinity of the Corridor andwomen connection with construction work and the project will make efforts to ensure that of Impact, with emphasison maintenance contractors hire local population for unskilled vulnerable groups and semi-skilled work * Training and skills development as described in Categories 10 and 11 may be aimed at local employment opportunities . Social forestry or other environmental rehabilitation may provide local employment opportunities, coordinated with the project" Environmental Management Plan ______12. Unforeseen Impacts 12. Any other Impacts not Households and adult * Unforeseen impacts identified in the yet identifled, whether loss Individuals, men and social assessment shall be of assets or livelihood women documented and mitigated based on the overall principles agreed upon In I ______ttie policy framework C: INDIRECT, GROUP ORIENTED IMPACTS IN VICINITY OF CANAL CORRIDOR X______13. Common Property Resources ._l 13. Loss of common Canal-front community * Restoration of lost common property * Includes replanting of socially and property resources and affected Panchayat resources economically important canal-side vegetation, associated with project wards in 13 project- . Enhancement of common property provision of potable water when water sources construction and/or affected local resources in canal corridor. are temporarily disturbed during construction, operation government units and other measures as may be identified as ______necessary. 14. Loss or degradation of Canal-front community . Restoration of Infrastructure owned or * Includes assistance for mitigation of impacts community infrastructure and affected Panchayat operated by the community on public/community infrastructure such as associated with project wards In 13 project- * Enhancement of minor community water lines, utilities, drainage, community construction and/or affected local infrastructure in canal corridor. access, and foot/cart paths. operation government units * Provides for modesty shields In public bathing areas and other community facilities to ______enhance projectamenity. r-.-J 5'$Mal11t5allhit6d 3 WAMllall'4t*,i!¢2tz , ;A@4.' i.. 15. Right to InforTned Canal-front community * Support for informed participation in project * Provides for social preparation and participation In project and affected Panchayat implementationand operation mobilization of beneficiaries, affected groups, Implementation and wards in 13 project- and waterway communities In project activities operation affected local governmentunits Includessupport for communityparticipation in water hyacinthmanagement and other project maintenance. : _ .,-.n:;...... 16.Women, Children...andVulnerable Groups_. -______.,u-. .. :,. of vulnerable water Canal-frontcommunity * Supportfor targetedprograms to mitigate * Responds to special needs 16. Impactsof poor groupsIncluding poor, women, and children. quality and pollution on and affectedPanchayat adverse impacts on vulnerable and and women'saccess to and use of waterways vulnerablegroups affectedlocal for laundry, bathing. and other activities. ______government units I for addressing tourism 17. Impactsof increased Canal-frontcommunity * Supportfor mitigationof intrusiveimpacts * Includes assistance of tourismdevelopment impactson privacy,encouragement of socially tourism on water quality and affectedPanchayat of in 13 project- responsibletourism, and enhancement andcommunity privacy wards benefits. affectedlocal | local participationIn tourism gvrmntunits . -- m - . m m_- - m - - m - - - 7 ------ APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact & Mitigation/Enhancement measures taken Time frame Implerieiting Responsible Contractua Issues I I I Organisation Organisation 1 Clause DESIGN PHASE _ The existing alignment was selected to minimise the land disturbance and to avoid, religious buildings and other Not Alignment and width of the environmentally sensitive areas compatible with project During design PCC PIU & PCC Applicable road activities. A Information dissemination and community consultationi. land and Property acquired Compensation will be paid to PAPs based on the RAP that PIU PIU N lLand and Property acquired includes the Entitlement Policy. Affected persons must vacate During Design Phase NGOs recommended Environment NotA (Resettlement Action Plan) the land area before construction starts. ROW to be acquired in RAP Officer (EO) Applicable has already been identified. Cultural properties along the alignment were identified. Religious Structures and Archaeological sites were avoided by CulturalProperties adjustment of alignment. Shrines may be moved with prior d Archaeological PII - EO Not Cultural Properties consultation and approval of the local community. (Refer Durig esign Survey of India (ASI) Applicable Appendix-2, Appendix 20 and Appendix-24) Bridges have been designed for the 50-year flood frequency. Flood (refer to hydrology All culverts have been designed for 25 years flood frequency. During Research on PCC Engineering PIU Not report) The fill height has been designed for 50-year flood. Design Consultants Applicable Project Specific Mitigation All mitigation measures have been separately described and During design PIU and PCC PIU and all As a Project Actions budgeted to ensure implementation in BOQ Bill no. 11 titled construction and involved parties specific "Environmental Mitigation Works". operational Phases as described action this will be Raising of Paddy field areas Refer Appendix-3.0 PIU and Not Altered Road embankments Raising along irealignments as provided in Appendix-.4.0, During Design phase PIU and PCC Contractor applicable Raising of Embankments General consideration of Standard cross section alternatives were used for the Project During Design PIU and PCC PIU and Not Cross section Alternatives road design depending on the local conditions. contractor applicable Issues from Public The various issues raised were examined and suitably PIU and Not Consultations incorporated based on merit. These include parking areas and During Design PIU and PCC Contractor. applicable other road safety measures. . - m ------ APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Actions Time Frame Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Organisation Organisation Clause Road safety issue duc to Acute Road realignmentaccording to the Table 1.0 and Appendix-l Duringdesign stage PCC PIU and PWD Not Applicable Curves Loss of drinkingwater source Drinking water source (hand pump, water taps and wells) will be During design stage PCC PIlUand PWD Not Applicable (bore well) replaced. Accordingto RAP and public water sources will be replaced Refer according to EMAP. Temporary arrangements will be made if the Resettlement existing water supplyis disrupted. (Refer Appendix-5) Action Plan (RAP) Loss of existingbus stops and Bus stops will be suitably relocatedor integrated to the design (Refer During design stage. PCC PIU and PWD Not Applicable Waiting shed facilities Appendix-6.0and 1.0 ). Bus lay bys and bus waiting shed designs are Refer provided in Appendix20. Resettlement Action Plan (R-AP) Accident black spot Improved road surface with improved road geometry, Pedestrian During design PCC PIU and PWD Not Applicable facilities,Bus bays planned. (Refer Appendix-7 and 1.0) Stage. (Refer EMP Lining and signing is given a high priority for all road junctions. Appendix-7) Safety Audits completed on the final design drawing and corrective measures undcrtaken. . During design PWD & Traffic Stage PCC Police PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Clearances,Approvals and Obtain all necessary clearances and approvals including Before the PIU, PWD PIU & PWD Not applicable Permits EnvironmentalClearance, Forest Clearance,and Consent to commencementof Fell Trees prior to commencingany road works construction . Only licensed quarries shall be used. Obtain permits for Before the Contractor CSC/PIU Clause II 1.3 borrow pits and quarries from the concerned District commencementof Collector. No quarry or borrow area shall be developed construction within sensitive areas like R.F. and Wildlife Sanctuary. Prepare quarry and borrow area managementplan according to Appendix21. . Provide a copy of all necessary clearances to the Before the PIU & PWD CSC/PIU Not applicable SupervisionConsultant / Contractor commencementof construction . Adhere to all clearance terms and conditions Throughout Contractor CSC General constructionperiod conditions of Contract . Obtain written permission from private landholders to Rcquired prior to Contractor CSC General conduct activitieson their landprior to commencing comnicncemiient Conditions of Contract 2 ------ APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact MitigatioIi Measures takeii or to be taken Time f Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues MiiaiIMesrstkeIrt eIae ie rm ranstotOrganisation Clause CONSTRUCTION PHASE I EnvironmentalManagement As a Project And Monitoring Facility This will include institutional requirements, training, During and after specific action Equipment for EMP (Meters, environmental management and monitoring. Provision for construction (Five EO of PIU PIU EO, SPCB this will have Vehicles and Buildings) purchasing required equipment. Years) to be d. Design Altered Road embankments Rising of Paddy field areas (Refer Appendix-3) Retaining walls During construction Contractor EO of PIU standard gabioiis should be provided as shown in the Appendix 23. requirement Water should be sprayed during the construction phase, at During mixing sites, and temporary roads. In laying sub-base, water reconstruction and spraying is needed to aid compaction of the material. After the wherever asphalt is MOST compaction, water spraying should be carried out at regular removed until Contractor PIU Specification Dust intervals to prevent dust. asphalting is EO 111, Vehicles delivering materials should be covered to reduce spills replaced. CSC 111.5, and dust blowing off the load. Road surface should be cleaned During the 111.8, 111.9 with air compressor and vacuum cleaners prior to the Construction phase construction works. Manual labour using brooms should be avoided. I Asphalt mixing plants should be sited over 150 m (refer PCB, No Objection Certificate) from any communities. Mixing PIU MOST Asphalting equipment should be well sealed, and be equipped with a dust- During Construction Contractor EO Specification removal device. Operators should wear dust masks, ear CSC 111,111.5 l ______protection and hard hats. ._ _ _ Vehicles and machinery are to be maintained so that emissions Beginning with and M Air Pollution conform to National and State standards. All vehicles and continuing Contractor Ec MOST machineries should obtain Pollution Under Control Certificates throughout CSC 111, 111.5 I______(PUC). construction 3 ------mm APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact . . Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Organisation Organisation Clause Noise standard at processing sites, e.g. aggregate crushing Beginning and Contractor PIU MOST plants, will be strictly monitored to prevent exceeding of throughout EO Specification GOI noise standards. Workers in the vicinity of strong noise construction 111, 111.5 will wear protectors and their working time should be limited as a safety measure. In construction sites within 150 mnof sensitive receptors construction will be stopped from Noise 22:00 to 06:00. PIU Machinery and vehicles will be maintained to keep their CSC EMP noise to a minimum. Construction of noise barriers of an EO Special site- average length of 100m and eight feet height (Stone walls specific action. and planting) for silence zones including schools and hospital. [Refer Appendix 8.0] provided and cost included. Design for noise barrier provided in Appendix 20. The cost included in BOQ. WATER Alignment shifting to avoid filling lakes, ponds and wells as Whenever PCC and Contractor PIU and PCC MOST Loss of wetlands and ponds far as possible (Appendix 10) encounltered during Specification construction 111.4, 201.2, 301, 304, 306 As shown in the Appendix 9.0 formation level should be During construction PCC and Contractor PIU Project Flood Impacts and Cross raised according to the design and the cross drainage PCC specific Drainage Structures structures suitably planned for the flood events as provided spciicST in Appendix 3, Appendix 4 and Appendix 9. specification In sections along watercourses, earth and stone will be properly disposed of so as not to block rivers and streams, thereby preventing any adverse impact on water quality. Whenever Design Unit and MOSpif All necessary measures have been taken to prevent encountered during Contractor PIU S201.2,30 Alteration of drainage earthworks and stone works related to the road from constrtuctioni. EO 201230 impeding cross drainage at rivers \ streams and canals or Contractor CSC 304, 306 existing irrigation and drainage systems in conformity to the Contractors visual integration and management plan and EMP. 4 ------m m m - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Mitigation Measures taken or to bc taken Time frame Organisation Organisation Clause Construction materials or waste likely to give rise to contaminating fine particles e.g., in lime or fly ash will be PIU MOST Silting stored in enclosures such that sediment-laden water does not Throughout Contractor EO Specification drain into nearby watercourses, but rather percolates slowly construction period. Forest Dept. 111.4, 306 into the soil. Soil trap should be provided in all ancillary .______sites and camps. All justifiable measures will be taken to prevent the PRU MOST Contamination from Wastes wastewater produced during construction from entering Throughout Contractor EO Specification directly into rivers and irrigation systems as shown in construction period CSC 111.1, 306 Appendixl0.0 . Sewerage Disposal during A minimum distance of any sewage or toilet facility from PIU MOST Construction at Services water sources should be 200 metrcs. The environmental Throughout Contractor EO Specification Centres costs included in BOQ. construction period. CSC 111.9 Contamination from fuel MOST and lubricants Vehicle maintenance and refuelling will be confined to areas PIU Specification in construction camps designed to contain spilled lubricants Throughout Contractor EO 111.13, 201.2, and fuels. Waste petroleum and lubricants must be collected construction period. SPCB 201.4, and taken to approved disposal sites, according to GOI laws. 301.1,3.10, 304.3.3 Sanitation and Waste Sufficient measures will be taken in the construction Disposal in Construction camps, i.e. provision of rubbish receptacles and Camps sanitation facilities. Waste in septic tanks will be cleared periodically as necessary. Drinking water will meet Indian National Standards. Before and duriofg PIU MOST-Spcf-c * b Rubishcollctedand wll dspose of requetly. building of Contractor SPCB3 111.1, 122, Rubbish will be collected and disposed of frequently. construction camps. CSC 201.2 * Special attention shall be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. * Camps will be located at a minimum distance of 200 m from water sources. Borrow pits have been identified outside the ROW. Refer IRC: 10 1961 Appendix-I 1.0 before opening additional borrow pits PIU MOST Borrow pits operating pits shall be closed according to IRC Specification During construction Contractor EO Specification Execution of approved rehabilitation plan according to CSC 111.2, 305,2.2 Appendix_21. __ .. .. 5 - mm iimnii m - m - - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Organisation Organisation Clause Construction plant and equipment will meet recognised MOS T international standards for emissions and will be maintained PI Speci6cation7 Equipment Selection and operated in a manner that ensures that relevant air, . 106, . l maintenance and operation noise, and discharge regulations are met (Refer Appendix During construction Contractor EO 1978; IRC: 90- c 18, , l.1 18).). 111.5,1 11.9,9 111.10, 201.3 1) Quarrying 1) Quarrying will be carried out at approved and licensed MOST quarries only. PIU MOST 2) Material sources 2) Material sources are shown Appendix-12. 0 . rEO Specification 3) Execution of approved rehabilitation plan as per During constructon ContractorCC 111.3, 302, Appcndix 21 305.2.2 SOIL On slopes and other suitable places along the roadside, trees MOSTpc Soil Erosion and Soil and grass should be planted. On sections with filling (>3 m) Upon completion of 306, 307, 308 activities ,3,3 l Conservation plantedand deep with cutting grass, their etc. slopes If existing should irrigation be covered and by drainage sod, or atconstruction these sites. Contractor PIU system ponds are damaged, they will be suitably repaired. EO Retaining walls and gabions shall be provided as per the During construction CSC Appendix 23. Loss of agricultural topsoil Arable land should not be used for topsoil borrowing. The MOST topsoil will be kept and reused after excavation is over. Any During construction Contractor PIU Specification surplus to be used on productive agricultural land. Duigcntuto otatrCSC 301.3.2, 305.3.3 Compaction of Soil and Construction vehicles should operate within the Corridor of During constructioni Coitractor PIU MOST Damage to Vegetation Impact avoiding damage to soil and vegetation. CSC Specification 201.2 6 ------m - - - m - - m - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impacts Mitigation/Enhancement Actions Time Frame Implementing Responsibl Contractual & Issues Organisation e Clause Organisati .______..______on FLORA Loss of trces and AvenuePlanting Areas of trees cleared according to the After Forest PIU MOST Appendixl3.0 will be replaced according to completionof Department Forest Specification 201, Compensatory Aforestation Policy under the construction Department 308 Forest ConservationAct - 1980. The private trees activities EO removed will be approximately 120. The private CSC trees will be compensated in line with the provisions of RAP. Two trees will be planted for each tree cut down. The identified species is shown in Appendix14.0 and 15.0. The project tree planting strategy is provided in Appendix 16 Land scaping, tree planting and environmental enhancementplan Vegetationclearance Tree clearing within the ROW should be avoided During Contractor PIU MOST beyond that which is directly required for cleaning Forest Specification 201.2 constructionactivities and / or to reduce accidents. operations Department See soil compactionalso. CSC During construction FAUNA During CutatrPIU MS Fauna Construction workers should protect natural construction Forest Forest Specification resources and wild animals. Hunting is prohibited. Departmetit Department 111.1, 111.6 SOCIAL . Loss of Access Temporary access should be maintained PIIJ MOST throughout the course of the work unless the During Contractor EO Specification Contractors make agreements with any affected construction CSC 112 frontages or legitimateroad user. I ~~~~~~~~~~Ifthere is traffic congestion during construction" Durn PIU MOST Traffic Jams and congestion measures should be taken to relieve it as far as Durmig Contractor State Police Specification . possible with the co-operation of the traffic police. _co EO 112 7 m ------m- m- - m - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) CsC Environmental Impact Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Organisation OgniContracus Health and Safety All contractors' staff and workers will be working Contractor along busy traffic routes, They must wear high Dunrig Contractor CSC MOST visibility purpose made overalls or trousers/a waist c to Specification coat at all times All operators working with any 111.6 materials above head height (even in trenches) must wear hard hats all at times on the worksite. Pollutionof Strcamsparallel to the Constructionmaterial / waste shouldbe disposed of During Contractor, PCB and MOST Specification road properly so as not to block or pollute streamsor rivers construction EMU of PIU & PWD and no 111.4,306. (Refer Appendix-10and 1.0) with special attentionto stage PWD Kerala Water confining concretework. Implementationof contractors Authority, waste managementplan in line with Contractors Irrigation EnvironmentalManagement Plan (Refer Appendix 18). Department CSC Noise pollution Construction of noise barrier near hospital and school if During and Contractor, PCB and Ref; Appendix 16 required. Refer Appendix-80, Appendix 1.0 and design immediately EMU of PIU & PWD and MOST Specification for noise barrier Appendix 20. after PWD and Forest Forest no 306, construction Department Department MOST Specification CSC 111,111.5 Tree reioval Compensatorytree planting at a rate of two per each tree During and Contractor, PCB and Ref>Appendix 16. removed. refer Appendix 13, 14,15,16 and 1.0) immediately EMU of PIU & PWD MOST Specification after PWD and Forest Forest no 306, 111 construction Department Department MOST Specification CSC 111,111.5 Parking Areas Auto, Jeep, Mini lorry, Taxi parking areas. Help to During and after EMU of PIU & PCB, PWD IRC road safety code, Municipal Authoritiesby providingfunds for land construction PWD and Forest KWA and IRC 103-1998 acquisition for parking as identifiedby strip plan. (Refer Department Forest EMP Appendix-17and EMP Appendix-l) Department ______._____.______CSC Existingand new oxbow land, Landscapingof existing and new "oxbow" land in to rest Immediately EMU of PIU & Tourism Appendix 16 MOST landscaping,tree planting,shrib areas without access control refer Appendix 1.0 and after PWD and Tourism Department Specification planting and environmental Appendix 16,0 Construction. Department Public works 201.2, 201.3 and 201. enhancements Compensatorytree plantation at a rate of two per each department, IRC road safety code, tree removed. Forest IRC 103-1998 Departmcnt CSC 8 m - - - m ------m m m - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environimental Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Organisation Organisation Clause AccidentalRisks from blasting * Effective safety and warning measures will be During Construction Contractor PWD MOST Specification Alongroad way taken to reduce accidents. CSC 302 In quarries * Blasting will not be carried out during rush hours State Police so as not to cause traffic jams and injurics. Mining and Geology l The managementand use of blasting materials Department will be in strict conformity with the safety requirementsfor public security. _ l Cultural Remains * If archaeologicalrelics or remainsare discovered, Throughout Contractor Archaeological Survey ASI Act the ASI shouldbe notified immediately.The Construction of India constructionshould be stopped until authorised PWD department assess the remains. ED l Archaeologistswill supervisethe excavation to PIU avoid any damage in the relics CSC Road safety: Provision of parking Developmentof parking area, bus bays, footpaths and shoulders. During Construction EMtJ of PIU & PCB, PIU and PWD, EMP, Road areas, bus bays, footpathsand Landscapingof oxbow land as pcr EMP and Engineeringdesign. stage. PWD Local body, KWA and Safety Audit shouldersand environmental And Forest Tourism Department Report and enhancementplans as provided in Department, Design Appendix 16of Oxbow land. Local municipal report. Faciliticsfor travellingpublic. authorities Noise pollution- Hospital, Noise barriers near sensitive noise receptors will be constructed Constructionstage EMU of PIU & PCB, PWD, Tourism Noise pollution - School (Refer EMP Appendix-8) Appendix 20 provides necessary PWD and Forest Department, Forest Hospital designs & principles, Public will be informed about the Department Department and local regulations on noise of vehicles. Propcr signboards should bc Gram Panchayat erected at hospital approaches. Busshelters at the Busshelters should be constructednear location of Bus Bays. During construction EMU of PIU and Local Gram Refer Resettlement Busbays (Refer EMP Appendix-6 and Appendix 20) stage. local Panchayat Panchayat Action Plan (RAP) and Municipal ______authorities OPERATIONAL PHASE AIR Replace roadside trees lost due to construction on a 2 for I Immediately after Forest EO Dust basis and encourage new forestation projects. areaisI dlsurbed no longer Departent m - - -- m ------m - - m APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken Titne frame Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues MtgtnMesrstknotobtaeTmefme Organisation Organisation Clause Check vehicular emissions of CO, HC, NO, SPM, RPM and enforce Motor Vehicle Motor Pollution Under Control (PUC) Programs. The public will be After completion Dept. Vehicle Dept. Environmental Pollution informed about the regulations on air pollution of vehicles. of construction EO of PIU + ManageMnent Monitoring air pollution at critical points Forest police and Monitoring Aforestation programs - Tree Plantations Departmcnt an M Information boards to promote Information boards showing name of rivers, pilgrim sites tourist After completion PIU Tourism tourism locations as per the environmental enhancements (Refer Appendix of construction NGO's EMP 10 and Appendix 19) The use of sound barriers or other measures should be considered PIU where warranted (refer Appendix-8). Noise barrier design provided After completion Motor Vehicle EO Noise in Appendix 20. The public will be informed about the regulations of construction Dept. Motor EMP on noise of vehicles Dept. MotoreDept The PIU should carry out consultations with school and hospital Police Vehicle Dept. authorities and obtain written permission from Authorities. WATER Contamination from spills due to Contingency plans for clean up of spills of oil, fuel, and toxic shveou ed Police & Fire PWD and EMP traffic movement and accidents chemicals. developd Statoion& ir State Police, EM PWD and any Maintenance of Storm Water The urban drainage systems will be maintained to accommodate Especially at the Ihighway muonicipal Drainage System storm water flow. ,3eginningand Authority Corps under EMP end of monsoon PWD agency Frosion of Altered Road Stabilisation (refer construction phase- Soil) of raised Paddy field Immediately Design standard embankments oareas by rip rap (Refer Appendix-3 and Appendix 23) Gabions, after construction PWD EO of PIU requirement retaining walls etc. reur m n SOCIAL__ __ Accident with hazardous COMPLIANCE with "Rules" as defined in Environmental materials (Protection) Act, 1986, including: For delivery of hazardous substances, three certificates issued by transportation department are PIU, PWD required permit license, driving license, and guarding licence. During Motor Vehicles delivering hazardous substances will be printed with Construction and PWD Vehicle Dept. EMP standard signs. Public security, transportation and fire fighting Operational State police departments will designate a special route for these vehicles. These stages. and Fire vehicles can only be parked at designated parking lots. In case of Services spill of hazardous materials, relevant departments will be informed at once and deal with it in accordance with the spill contingency plan. __ I0 m - - - - - m m - m - -- -- m - - - - - APPENDIX E LINK 1- ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) Environmental Impact ort etkn iefae Implementing Responsible Contractual & Issues Mitigation Measures taken or to be taken' Time frame Organisation Organisation Clause' New buildings are prohibited within 50 m of the edge of Throughoutand IRC 35-1971 Safety and noise disturbance carriageway. No new schools and hospitals are allowed within after project Planning PIU IRC 79- 1981 200 m of carriageway. Wherever required appropriate noise development Department IRC 93- 1995 barrier should be constructed. period I Solid waste disposalalong the ROW Should relocate solid waste disposal site away from the carriageway During operational EMU of PIU In PCB, Local EMP includingspoil and scarified in the same location in consultationwith local Panchayat and Stage association bodies materialdisposal plan. Municipal authoritiesRefer EMP Appendix-1.0.Disposing of With the Local And PWD scarified materialas per Appendix 22 and CEMP Municipal Tourism Authorities and department PCBs. Loss of drinkingwater source Bore well will be replacedas discussed in the RAP (Refer EMP Constructionand EMU of PIU & PCB, PWD Local EMP (Bore well) Appendix-5 and 1.0) and BOQ Bill No. 11. Appendix 20 Operational stage PWD KWA and gram provides design for environmental enhancement of public Local municipal Panchayat, KWA water sources. If the water supply disrupted alternative authorities and Tourism arrangementsshall be made until the supply reinstated. department Accidentblack spot Improved road surfacc with improvcdroad geometry. Bus Bays will During Operational EMU of PIU, PIU and PWD EMP be shifted (Refer EMP Appendix-6and EMP Appendix-I). Safety stage. PWD, Traffic Audits to be conductcd I Police A Contractors Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is required prior to the commencement of construction, indicating how the Contractor plans to implement environmental requirements as Stated in the General Conditions of Contract clause 19 titled " Safety, Security and Protection of the Environment". Some of the tnitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical and construction work. 2The contract Documents refer revised MOST Specification as discussed. a) Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing (MOST), Government of India. Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Third Revision, 1995. Reprinted 2000) b) MOST documents are amended to suit the needs of the Kerala State Highways Project, particularly the requirements of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 1 1 m ------ Kerala State Transport Proicct APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental MitigationMeasures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization GENERAL DESIGN PHASE Alignment The feeder canal alignment was selected During PCC ID Not Applicable to take on greater role in collection and design PCC distribution of bulk cargoes in the Project influence area. After completion of proposed improvements larger vessels will have access to the main urban centres of the State. Land and Property Extensive Consultations held involving During ID ID Not Applicable acquired Environmentalists, Sociologists, World Design Phase NGOs EMU (Resettlement Action Bank experts, and State government recommended in Plan) officials in order to decide the width of the SIMP waterways with minimum social and environmental impacts and maximum benefit to the State and the local communities. No RAP required as there is no widening instead a Social Impact Management Report has been prepared Cultural Heritage Cultural heritage sites along the alignment During Archaeological ID Not Applicable were identified. Since there is no proposal design Survey of India EMU for widening of the waterways these will (ASI) not be affected.hl LBilI/Sheladia/CES/ICTI ------ Kerala State Transport Prnoect APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJ7ECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization CONSTRUCTION PHASE Dust Water should be sprayed during During the Contractor ID MOST Specification Il1, (Refer Appendix 8.0) construction phase, in the lime and cement Construction EMU p 13 during improvement of and mixing:sites. phase Construction approach roads to Vehicles delivering materials should be Supervision bridges. covered to reduce spills. Consultants (CSC) KSPCB Asphalting for approach Asphalt mixing sites should be 500 m During Contractor ID MOST Specification 1I, roads for bridges across from any communities. Construction EMU p1 3 water ways Mixing equipment should be well sealed, phase CSC and vibrating equipment should be equipped with dust-removal devices. Operators should wear dust masks and ear protection Air Pollution Dredging equipment and other machinery Beginning Contractor ID MOST Specification 111, (Refer Appendix 8.0) and vehicles used during construction are with and EMUt p13 to be regularly maintained so that continuing CSC emissions conform to National and State throughout KSPCB Standards construction LDII/SSheladia/CES/ICT 2 ------m - - - Kerala Statc Transport Proiect APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization Noise at construction Noise emissions at processing sites, e.g. Beginning Contractor ID MOST Specification 111, sites, jetties, bridges etc aggregate crushing plants, should be and EMU p1 3 Refer: Figure 2 to 6 and strictly regulated to conform to GOI noise throughout CSC Appendix 7.0 standards. Workers in the vicinity of loud construction KSPCBl noise should wear earplugs and their working time should be limited. In construction sites within 150 m of sensitive receptors construction should be stopped from 22:00 to 06:00 hrs. Machinery and vehicles Should be maintained well to keep their noise at a minirnum. WATER Alteration of drainage All along waterways, earth and stone Whenever Contractor ID MOST Specification 201, related to waterways should be properly encountered PCC p41, spec301.3, 301.10, disposed of so as not to block canals rivers during CSC p53, sec 304.33, p6 4 and streams, and preventing any adverse construction. ID impact on water quality. EMU Dredge disposal Mitigatioln action and ultimate disposal During Contractor State Should adhere to will be based on the dredge disposal plan construction Government Technical framework of prepared. Refer Appendix 2.0 period EMU, KSPCB 'Evaluating and local Environmental effects of administrative dredge material authorities of management altematives. Kuttanad Details available in the I_website:http:/www.epa .g L131f/Sheladia/CES/ICT 3 - - - - - m m m mininininmmin Kerala State Tra ispoi-t Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization ov/owow/oceans/frame work/index.html Water Hyacinth Water Hyacinth Should be cleared along During Contractor EMU of ID As per the mitigation Management the waterway. There should be regular construction CSC Plan identified by thc cleaning at least twice a year. (Refer and Local Bodies IWT Pilot project Appendix 3.0) Operational period Water pollution from Initial phase of sanitation program 100 nos Immediately EMU of ID ID, KSPCB As per the mitigation human waste of low cost sanitation facilities. For each after CSC Plan identified by the (Refer Appendix 2.0) canal for low income groups immediately construction Local Bodies IWT Pilot project adjacent to the Canals Disposal of at terminal Closed Septic tank at Changanasserry, Immediately EMU of ID ID, KSPCB As per the mitigation plan facilities. Alappuzha and Kottayam. after CSC identified by the IWT Collection and disposal construction Local Bodies pilot project of onboard arrangements. Silting Construction materials containing fine Throughout Contractor ID MOST Specification (Refer Appendix 6.0) particles e.g., in limestone or fly ash construction EMU 306,305.3.7 should be stored in an enclosure such that period. CSC sediment-laden water does not drain into waterways, but rather percolates slowly into the soil. Contamination from All reasonable measures should be taken to Throughout Contractor ID MOST Specification 306 Wastes (Refer Appendix prevent the wastewater produced in construction EMU 6.0) construction from entering directly into period. CSC rivers and waterways and irrigation Local Bodies system. L13II/Sheladia/CES!ICT 4 - -mm------m - - Kerala State lTransportPro ject APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause [mpact or to be taken Organization Organization Contamination from fuel Vehicle maintenance and refuelling Throughout Contractor ID MOST Specification and lubricants should be confined to areas in construction EMU 201.2,201.4,301.1.3.10,30 (Refer Appendix 6.0) construction camps designed to contain period. KSPCB 4.3.3 spilled lubricants and fuels. Waste CSC petroleum products must be collected stored and taken to approved disposal sites, according to GOI laws. Sanitation and Waste Sufficient measures should be takcn in the Before and Contractor ID MOST Specification Disposal in Construction construction camps, i.e. provision of during KSPCB 122,201.2, 201.4 Camps rubbish and sanitation facilities. Waste in building of CSC septic tanks should be cleared construction periodically. camps. Drinking water should meet Indian National Standards. (Refer Appendix 6.0) Rubbish should be collected in a recepacle and safely disposed of daily. Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. Camps should be located at a minimum distance of 200 m from water sources. Borrow pits Borrow pits should be identified safely During Contractor ID IRC: 10 1961 away the waterways. Before opening construction EMU additional borrow pits operating pits CSC should be closed as per the IRC Mining & Specification (Refer Appendix 5.0 and Geology Appendix 10.0) Equipment Selection All Construction plant and equipment During Contractor ID, CSC MOST Spec 106, p8, maintenance and should be selected to meet recognized construction EMU IRC:72-1978;IRC:90-1995 LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT S m- - - m------m - - - - - Kerala State Transport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measurestaken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization{ operation international standards for emissions and should be maintained and operated in a manner that ensures relevant air, noise, and discharge rules. Quarrying Quarrying should be carried out from During Contractor ID MOST Spec302, P57, approved and licensed quarries only. construction EMU Sec3O5.2.2.2,p70 (Refer Appendix 6.0 and Appendix 10.0) CSC Mining & ______Ge o lo g y I ______S O IL _ Soil Erosion Along the Waterways easily erodible Upon Contractor ID and MOST Specification on canal sides (erosion prone areas) of completion CSC 306 p8 3 18.465 km have been identified for of immediate construction and protection construction measures. (Refer Appendix 1.0) activities at these sites. FLORA & FAUNA Pruning of trees Pruning of trees and clearing within During Contractor ID MOST specification on projecting and hanging to waterways ROW should be avoided cleaning and CSC 307, p8 5 the waterways sand loss beyond what is directly required for Construction Forest Specification on 308, p87 of trees if any construction activities. Department *Specification on 301.3.2, p.50 Fauna Construction workers should protect During Contractor ID MOST Specification natural resources including land and construction CSC, Forest 201.2, p4 1, aquatic fauna. Department 201.3, p41, .______201.4,p4 2 LBII/Shelad iaICES/ICT 6 m m m ------ Kerala State Tra sport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization I______SOCIAL Loss of Access Temporary accesses should be built if During Contractor ID and MOST Specification construction activities affect access. construction State Police 112, pl4 CSC Traffic congestion for If there is any traffic congestion during During Contractor ID and State MOST Specification Bridges in particular construction, measures should be taken to construction Police, traffic p 112, pI4, spec 119, p22, relieve it with the coordination of police 201.2 transportation and traffic police CSC department. Control speed of construction During vehicles through Waterways, safety construction education etc. Waterways safety Allow for adequate traffic flow around Month Contractor CSC MOST Specification Collisions with other construction areas. previous Fire force 1 12.4, p16, spec 124, p3 3 boats, sinking of sand Provide adequate signing, barriers and Fire station mining boats, disturbance traffic control. to small fishing country Communicate to the public through radio / boats TV / Newspaper announcements regarding the scope and timeframe of projects, as well as certain construction activities causing disruption or access restrictions. LBII/Sheladia/CES'ICT 7 m m m------m - Kerala State Transport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization Increase in disease Make certain that there is good drainage at During Contractor ID MOST Specification Water borne all construction areas, to avoid creation of construction Health Dept., 122, p30, spec 121, p2 6 | Insect borne stagnant water bodies including water in GOK spec 120, p2 2 Communicable diseases old tires. At start-up Csc Provide adequate sanitation and waste l disposal at construction camps. Throughoutil Provide adequate health care for workers construction and locate camps away from vulnerable groups. Cultural Resources If Archaeological relics or remains are Throughout Contractor with ID MOST Specification 201.2 discovered, the ASI should be notified construction Archaeological CSC immediately. The construction should be Survey of India stopped until the Authorized Department assesses the remains. Archaeologists should supervise the excavation to avoid any damage to the relics. Privacy for Bathing ghats A fibreglass enclosure of size 2"'x2"' size Immediately EMU of ID ID and local As per the mitigation Plan especially for woman. in three sheets shall be constructed. after NGOs and identified by the IWT Pilot Mitigation free of cost for low income construction local project groups and at actual cost basis to higher (before the administration. income groups. Design drawings provided operational NGO in Appendix 4.0. stage) involvement is necessary- especially for complete ______I_ transparency LBEL!Sheladia!CES/ICT S ------m ------ Kerala State Transport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization .______cSc Waiting shelters at Jetties Waiting shelters will be provided for all During Contractor ID As per the mitigation plan jetties. This is part of the original construction Local bodies identified by the IWT Pilot engineering designs of Jetties. project Kuttanad Environmental Initial Phase: Comprehensive During ID, State Local As per the mitigation Plan mitigation measures environmental awareness program to start construction government administration identified by the IWT Pilot immediately after the start of construction and continue KSPCB and of Kuttanad. project in the Local Authorities People of operational Kuttanad Phase. CSC KWA PROJECT SPECIFIC ALAPUZHA- CHANGANASSERY 8.98 km length of Dredging at one place at a time to avoid During Contractor EMU of ID Project Specific Mitigation dredging as shown in large scale disturbance in the aquatic construction CSC Should adhere to Figure 3.0 to provide a environment. The dredging and disposal and Technical framework of sufficient depth for as per Dredge Disposal Plan Appendix operational 'Evaluating Environmental design navigation 2.0. period effects of dredge material management alternatives. Details available in the website http://www.epa.gov/OWO I W/oceans/ L-BII/Sheladia/CES/ICT 9 m ------ Ked-alaState T-ansport Proiect APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization t l l l l | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~framework/index.htmll ALAPPUZHA - KOTTAYAM 13.4 km length of Dredging at one place at a time to avoid During Contractor EMU of ID Project Specific Mitigation dredging as shown in large scale disturbance in the aquatic construction CSC Plan. Figure 2.0 required to environment and and Should adhere to provide sufficient depth The dredging and disposal as per Dredge operational Technical framework of for design navigation Disposal Plan Appendix 2.0. period 'Evaluating Environmental effects of dredge material management alternatives. Details available in the website http://www.epa.gov/OWO W/oceans/ framework/index html 282 Bathing ghats on The affected bathing ghats should be During Contractor ID Project Specific Mitigation both the canal sides replaced. 25 bathing enclosures will be construction CSC provided for selected BPL families. For other families this will be provided on actual cost basis. The design for bathing enclosures are provided in Appendix 4.0 KOTTAYAM - VAIKOM __ 22 km length dredging as Dredging at one place at a time to avoid During Contractor EMU of ID Project Specific Mitigation shown in Figure 4.0 large scale disturbance in the aquatic construction CSC Should adhere to required to provide environment and l Technical framework of sufficient depth for The dredging and disposal as per Dredge operational |___ |_'Evaluating Environmental LBil/Sheladia/CES/ICT 10 ------m - - m - m - - m - - m Kerala StateTransport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization design navigation Disposal Plan Appendix 2.0. period effects of dredge material management alternatives. Details available in the website http://www.epa.gov/OWO W/oceans/ framework/index.html 541 Bathing ghats on If affected should be replaced. The design During Contractor ID Project Specific Mitigation both the canal sides for bathing enclosures are provided in construction CSC Appendix 4.0 GENERAL OPERATIONAL PHASE AIR Dust Encourage tree planting along the Plant new Contractor PCC MOST Specification waterways trees ID 111, p1 3 Immediately EMU after CSC Construction. Pollution Check vessel emissions of CO, HIC, NO, After SWTD SWTD Environmental SPM, RPM. Enforce PUC Programmes, completion CSC Management Plan (EMP) Monitoring air pollution. Refer Table 4.0 of Project Environmental Monitoring construction Programme. Noise According to monitoring results, at places After SWTD ID No specific actions are silencers to boat engines with excessive noise, sound barriers or completion EMU required other measures should be considered. of SWTD I______.Public Should be educated about the construction CSC LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT - - - m - - m ------m m - m - Kerala StateTransport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization regulations on air pollution and noise. MOEF noise protection rules (2000) 1 _ _ _ _ WATER Contamination from Contingency plans for clean up of spills of If not Flying Squad of Flying Squad Specification spills due to vessels/boat oil, fuel, and toxic chemicals. existing Motor vehicle of SWTD Dept. 201.2, p41, spec 301.3, 10, movement and accidents should be Dept. and State and State p53, sec 304.33, p6 4 developed Police Police CSC SOCIAL Accident of hazardous COMPLIANCE with Rules" as defined in Prepare plan ID ID Specification materials Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986, within 6 SWTD Flying Squad of 122, p30, spec 121, p26, including:- For delivery of hazardous months of SWTD, Vehicle spec 120, p2 2 substances, three certificates issued by commencemen Dept. and State Transportation Department are required construction police permit license, driving license, and and familiarize CSC guarding license. Vehicles delivering contractorwith hazardous substances should be printed SCP at start of with unified signs. Public security, work and transportation and fire fighting implementatio departments should designate a special n measuresare route for these vehicles. These vehicles required. can only be parked at designated parking lots. In this project hazardous substances should be administered by Waterways management department registration system, as specified in EPA, 1986. In case of spill of hazardous materials, report of the relevant departments at once and LB1Shceldia/CES/ICT 1 2 ------ Kerala State Transport Project APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame | Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken j Organization Organization deal with it in accordance with the spill l ______contingency plan. Safety and noise Buildings are prohibited within 50 m of Throughout Env. Eng. of each ID IRC 35-1971 disturbance the edge of WW. No schools and hospitals and after Division of RBD CSC IRC 79- 1981 should be allowed to set-up within 200 m project and planning IRC 93- 1995 of the edge of WW. Refer Appendix 8.0 development Department period Operational Environmental monitoring and remedial For five years EMU KSPCB As per the mitigation Plan Environmental Problems measures as per the Environmental including CSC identified by the IWT Pilot Monitoring Programme shown in Table construction project 4.0 (Refer Appendix 7.0, Appendix 8.0 Phase and Appendix 9.0) Kuttanad Environmental Initial Phase: Comprehensive During ID, State Local As per the mitigation Plan mitigation measures environmental awareness program to start construction govemment administration identified by the IWT Pilot immediately after the start of construction and continue KSPCB and of Kuttanad. project in the Local Authorities People of operational Kuttanad Phase. CSC Solid waste disposal Polyethen bags should be banned in Operational EMU of ID ID, KSPCB As per the mitigation plan Kuttanad region. Onboard solid waste stage and local identified by the IWT pilot collection and disposal. Dustbin and pit in administration project all jetties to dispose of solid waste. CSC Agreement on fishing Regulatory measures on no navigation and Operational EMU of ID ID, KSPCB As per the mitigation plan areas no fishing area demarcation. stage and local identified by the IWT pilot administration project LBII/Sheladia/CES/ICT 13 m - - - m - m m - -- m m m m m m m Kerala State1 ransport Projcct APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTION PLAN (EMAP) FOR IWT PILOT PROJECT Environmental Mitigation Measures taken Time frame Implementing Responsible Contractual Clause Impact or to be taken Organization Organization csc A Contractors Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) is required prior to the commencement of construction, indicating how the Contractor plans to implement environmental requirements as Stated in the General Conditions of Contract clause 19 titled " Safety, Security and Protection of the Environment". Note: 1) Some of the mitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical and construction work. 2) The contract Documents refer revised MOST Specification as discussed. a) Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing (MOST), Government of India. Specifications for Road and Bridge Works (Third Revision, 1995. Reprinted 2000) b) MOST documents are amended to suit the needs of the Kerala State Transport Project, particularly the requirements of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) LBII/Sheladia/CESIICT 14 APPENDIX G RAP ImplementatIon Schedule No. Tasks Year0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Y-4 General ActivItIes 1 21 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 1011 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 71 6 1910II f 21 2 3 4 9 6 7 8 IT011677 9111 1 2 -1 ApDointmentof PIU staff for R & R activities -______2 Appointment of NGOa ______ 4 Trainingof staff and NG3Osfor R & R activities ______5 Publicconsultations ~~~~~ . 6 -Translation and printing ofthe R & R policy in the NMN Malayalarn language ______7 Disseminationof informationand awareness %, ", " cam ainp boti t enroecaanot etolcythe___project______and____the ___policy______NNW______"__ __ 6 Voctino rtveys by PWD & RevenueDetpt. ______6 Updatingthe census data bane X~~~~X 10fOUpdating dataa base on socio-economicsurvey Nl 1ID stributronofIdentity Cards 12Opening ofjoint accounts in banks ______Land Acquisition 1 3Acquisiion plans______ 15 Issueof notices ander section 4(1) of LA Act __ __- 16 Issue of noticesunder section60of LA Act 17 issue of noticesunder section9 of LA Act lb Completingtne procedur-esaccording to the Act Io 19 Announcementof awardaccording to the Act______Announcementand disbursementofreplacemrent 20 value______ Resettlement 22_ VenficativnofDisplace-d Per,sons (DP-s) - ______- ______23_ Dvldontinct of reicati'onofiterna(ivenelotssary) 25 Disb.rsementofshifting and rentalnllowarrnce 26 AlIo tmen to of plIots- to- EntitFle-d Fe rs o-ns lE Ps-) - _ 'X_-_____ 217 Ccnvtradtioncfhousves and shops sxxxx ______28 Construictionof shopping complexes ~x,x.s~ 29 Buil;ding/r_elocating-cofc-ommunityfacilities x~s~mrr. Rehabilitation 30 eifctnofPs forallowance of iive-lihood us~~X 31 Disbursementof cheques for assistance ru-n.______32 Plansfor income generating fItG) programmes ____-______-J--______-33 Disseminationof infotmationon IG prograrmmes_____ 34_ Trainingfor-upg-rad-ing -of shkills for tO GrievanceRedress 35 1Set opthe c7m_mCtIeforTgivne reres 36 rievance re.dre~ss x,s% x % ~ , x n % X % ~ ~ aXXN Monitoring and Es'svaistn 37 Apyointmentofentnral agency 38 Physicalend finanHcialpcrogress- -- 39 Annual evaluationby externalagency ______40 Mid-termevaluation by external agency 4t Finalevaluation by nternal agency______ Legend: -' Continuousactivity ~ 1' Discontinuiousactivity APPENDIXH 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~RESETTLEMENTACTION PLAN BUDGET BY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT PACKAGE, Phase I Roads. As Per the Entitlement Matrix (Costs in Indian Rupees) Package1 Package3 Package4 All PackagesTotal No tm m uatt Unt Amount QuniyUi oeAmount Quantity Unit Rate Amount Amount in MillionRs. Item Unit~~~~~~~~~~ae --- W- -- TQuantity B Rate OA PWD WEUi TOTALtw E TTL _ _ PVVD WE TOTAL PWD WB Total A COMPENSATION 1Cost ofagricultural land Sq. 142,390.80 285 40,581,378 40,581,378 47,865.58 285.00 13,641,668 _____ 13,641.668 3,947.00 285.00 1,124,895 1.124,895 55.35 55.35 2Additional 10%grantforseveranceofagari.land 4,058,138 4,858,138 1,364,167 _____ 1,364.167 112,490 112,480 5.53 5.531 3 Costof priate residenballand Sq.rn 84,048.50 485 45,613.823 45,613,523 23,753.04 485.80 11,520,224 _____ 11,520,224 14,941.00 485.00 7,246,385 7,246.385 64.38 64.38 4 Costof private commnercialland S( .rn 28,928.80 885 25,891,366 25,891,366 12,524.68 885.00 11,209,517 11,209,517 5,194.50 895.00 4,645,078 4,648,078 41.75 41.75 -5Cost of land in 'other' use . Sq.rn 21,402.80 420 9,203,247 8,203,2471 8,6986.06 430.00 4,170,140 4,170.t40 5,455.50, 430.00 2,345,865 2,345,8e5 15.72 __ 15.72 I ~ ~~~~~~~~~SubTotal - Land cost 125,347,651 0 125,347,651 _____41,905,716 5 41,905,716 15.478,712 8 15,478,712 _182.73 182.73 63% solatiumnon land cost(LA Ant23[2] 37,604,295 37,604.295 12.571,715 12,571,715 ____ 4,643,614 4.643,614 54.82 54.82 71% additionalon landcost (LA Act 23[1A] 15,041,7181 15,041,718 ___ 5.028.686 5.028.686 ____ 1.857,445 1.857,445 21.93 ___ 21.93 81% interestan lanecoot 15,041,718 18,041,718 5,028,686 5.028,686 1.857,445 1,857,445 21 93 21.93 9 en/Cornstructute cornpensation: pucca Sqin. 17,785 3000 53,355,000 53,365,0007,885 3,000.00 23.955,000 23,955,000 4,123.00 3 000.00 '2,369,000 12.368,000 89 68 89.68 noRe/cornstracture cornpensation: kutcha Sq.m.,,, 1,796 tOOO 1,796,000 ~ ~1,796,000889 1,000.00 889.000 889.000 450.00 1,000.00 450,000 450.000 3.14 3.14, 11Oherassets corpnesation: trees ____ 240 75 18,000 18,000 32 75 2,400 2.400 41 78 3,075 3,075 0 02 0.021 1Other assent campensaoon:wells ____ 38 14.725 559.550 559.580 181 14,725 235,600O 235,600 4 14,725, 58,900 58,900 0 85 0.05 13Oterassets compensation:watertanks ___ 5 2.500 12,500 12,500 5 2.500 12.500 12,5001 5 2.500 12,500 12,500 0.04 0.04 Total: Compensation ____248,776,432 9 248,77.6,432 ____ 89,629,302 89,629,302 ____36,730,691 0 36,730,691 375.14 0 375.14 B ASSISTANCE Relacernento4 value oflagriculturalland, 40%of Al 16.232,551 t6,232.55t 5,456,667 5,456,667 449,958 448,958 22.14 22.14 1Replacement value xf residentialland, 120% of A3 _____ 54,736,227 54,736,227 13,824.269 13,824,268 8,695.662 8,695,662 77.20 77.26 16eplacement valueof cornmercialland, 125% ofA4 ______32.384,207 32,364.207 14,011,886 14,011,896 5,811,347 5,811,347 52.19 52.19 17elacernent valueof'other" land, 50%of A5 ____ 4,601,6241 4,601,624 2,085,070 2,085,070 1,172,933 1.172,933 7.86 7.80, 1Res/Cornrnstructure replacementlcost:pucca S.min 17,785 1,500 26,677,500126,677,509 7,985i 1,500 11,977,500 11,977,500 4,123 1,500 6,184,500 6.184,500 44.84 44.84 1Res/Commnsru5cture replacernentcost: ktutcha S in. 1,796i 500 8988.000 898,090 9889 500 444.500 444,500, 450 500 225,000 225,000 1.57 1.57 Cmoundurn wall constructiongrant Lin. M-f 8,3641 1.235 10,329,840 10,329,540 5,5321 1,235 6,832.020 6,832,0201 5,202 1,235. 6,424,470 6,424,470 33.59 23.50 21Asistance to vulnerableencroachers for assets S r.78 1.000 78,000 78,000 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0.08 0.08 22 ssitance tonsuattern forassets Si. 104 1.000 104,000 104,000 158 1.000 158,500 158,500 8 1.000 9,000 9,000 0.27 0.27 23Cstoffree plots fordisplaced NTHvaln. Earn.(#68 5.r 2,040.90 485 989,400 989,400 280.00 485.00 135,600 135,800 400.00 485.00 194.000 194,000 1.32 1.32 2Deneloprnentxofalternate plotstfor R&R (#474) Plot 325 2,000 650,000 656,000 110 2.000 . 220,000 220,000 39 2.000 78,000 78,000 0.95 0.95 25Econornicrehabilitaoion grant toavulnerableGroup RA 1.239 24,000 29.736,000 29,736,000 360 24,0001 8,840,000 8,640,000 561 24,000 ___ 13,464,005 13.464.009 51.84, 51.84 26for Rental u 106 allowance months 600 POE ~3803,600 1,4C4.9000_____ 0 1,404,000 147 3,600 529,200, 529,200 53 3,600 196,8090 ___ 19,0 2.2 1 27 ShiftingAssistance PDF 385 __300 115.5060 ___ 0 115,509 144 300 43,200 43.200 53 _ 300 15,909 15,900 0.17 0.171 28 Tansitional allowancetforxuto 6months a4500 POE 422 27,8000,____ 11,354,000 11,394.000 149 27,000 --- 4,023,000, 4,023,000 53 27,000 ___ 1.431,000 1,431,000 16.85 16.85 29 Assistancefor lossof wagessfor3rnonthis (4500 Individual 151 13,500 2,038,500 0 2.038,500 59 13,500 -790,550 ___ 796,500 17 13.500, 229,500 229,500 3.6.0 -30 Trainin for skill upgradation1or nlt. eco.activities Individual 199 1,800 _____ 199.000 198,090 69 1,000 68,000 68,000 19 1.0001 19.000 19.000 0.20 0 29 31 Other-assetsnreplacementcost: wells 38 18,6000 698.000 608.000 ___ 16 16.000 _____ 256.000 256,000 4 16.000 64.000 64,009 0.83 0.93 32 Otherassets replacement cost: water tanks .... 5 2.500 .~ 12,500 12.500 5 2.500 ____ 12,500 12,500 5 2.500 1 12.500 12,500 0.94 0.04 Total: Assistance 3,558.008 189,610,549 193,168,549 1.368,900 69,146,723 69,515,623 ___ 436,200 44,235,3691 44,671,569 5.36 301.99 307.36 C SUPPORTfor ProjectImplementation 32 Trainingto staff and NGOs Lurnpsumi 50.009 50.000 50,000 40,000 40,009 40,000 30,20OO ___ 30,009 39,000 0,12 0.12 33 Translationand pnfngn oftthePolicy I1cards. etc. PAF 1 3.801 39, 114,030 114,030 2,065 30 61.9501 61,950 1,263 30 ___ 37,890 37,890 0.211 0.21 34 Studiesand updaSngof surey data Loinpsumi 50.00 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50.000 50,000 50,900 1__ 0.15 0.15 35 NGOORecruitmentforRAP implernentation Lurnpsum 4,711,200 4,711.200 2,628,000 2,628.000 1,665.600 1.665.800 __ 9.00 9.00 Total: Support ______4,925,230 4,925,230 2,779,958 2,779,95t 1,763,498 1,783.490 __ 9,49 9.49 0 OTHER ACTMVTIES 36 HIVOAIDSawareness campaign Lampsam_____ 209,000 209,900 209,000 ____ 209,Ot00 ____ 208,000 209,000 209,000 209,000 209,000 0.63 0.63 37 Ma&E Consultasts Lampsum ______703,900 783,800 ______477,800 477,900 ______29,0 229,200 1.49 1.40, 38 Concurrentmonitorin bythe PWO Lampsum 250,9000 250,0001______150,008 0 150.000 100,000____ 100,000 0.50 0.00 0.50 Total: OtherActivities 250,000 982,800 1,242,800 ______158,808 686,800 836,9080___ 100,008 438.200 538,200 8.50 2.121 2.62 ~~~~~~GRANDTOTAL (A+B+C+D2) ______252,554,432 185,528,578 44.13,011 91,148.202 71,61,7 0.6,7 ___37,266,691 46,457,056 83,723,851 381.00 3 13 .60j 684.60 JAcronyms:Sq.m.= Srquaremetre: Lin.M, Linear metre; PAF ProjectAffected Family: PDE = ProjectDisplaced Eamily; NTH Non-Titleholder