E499 Volume 1 Public Disclosure Authorized PUBLICWORKS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENTOF KERALA INDIA KERALA STATETRANSPORT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized EXECUTIVESUMMARY Elm:-ri '\P 7'"Fl rr: fyz'i Public Disclosure Authorized * LouisBerger International, Inc. in associationwith: SheladiaAssociates, ConsultingEngineering Services (I) Ltd. IntercontinentalConsultants & TechnocratsPvt Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized October 2001 FilECOPY Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION. 4 1.1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION .. 4 1.2 PROJECTOBJECTIVE .. 4 1.3 APPLICATIONOF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARDS . 4 1.4 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTON . 5 1.4.1 Background. 5 1.4.2 Road Characteristics. 6 1.4.3 Project Location. 6 1.4.4 Project Activities. 6 1.4.5 Project Structuring - Construction Contract Packages for Improvement / Upgradation.. 6 1.4.6 Project Structuring - Maintenance Roads. 7 1.5 PILOTWATERWAYS COMPONENT: PROJECT DESCRIPTION. 7 1.5.1 Background. 7 1.5.2 Project Location. 8 1.5.3 Project Activities ................................................... ,, 8 1 1.5.4 Project Structuring. 8 1.6 ENVIRONMENT & SocIAL BENEFTS . 8 1.6.1 Accident Reduction Benefits . , . 8 1.6.2 Road user benefits / environmental enhancements ...................................... 8 2 EA & SA PROCESSES ....... 9 2.1 HIGHWAYS COMPONENT: SEA, EA (PHASE I) & SA .......................9......................9 I 2.2WATERWAYS COMPONENT: EA & SA ....... 10 2.3 INDEPENDENT REVIEW ........................ , ., ........ 10 2.4 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI)ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CLEARANCES / APPROVALS . 10 3 ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL BASELINE OF THEPROJECT . 1 3.1 HIGHWAYS COMPONENT: BASELINE SCENARIO .11 3.1.1 Climate & Temperature . I1 3.1.2 Physical terrain. I 3.1.3 Geology.1 3.1.4 Soils .1 3.1.5 River Sand & Quarry Dust .12 3.1.6 Other Construction materials ., ... .. 12 3. 1.7 Water Resources .12 3.1.8 Water Quality .12 3.1.9 Drainage. 12 3.1.10 Air Quality.13 3.1.11 Noise 33 3.1.12 Flora&Fauna .................. 13 I 3.1.13 CulturalResources .................... ,. 13 3.1.14 Paddy Fields............ 13 3.1.15 Tourism .......................................... 14 3.1.16 D emographicProfile of the region.14 3.1.17 OccupationPatterns .14 3 Louis Berger Intemational/Sheladia/CES/ICT l l I Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 3.1.18 Economy ............................................ 15 3.1.19 The Gulf Emigrants In Kerala's Economy ............................................ 15 I 3.1.20 Social profile ............................................. 15 3.1.21 Literacy and Education ............................................ 15 3.1.22 Urbanisation Trend ............................................. 15 I 3.1.23 Profile of Project affected People ............................................ 16 3.1.24 Family Economy/Resource Base ............................................. 16 3.1.25 Economic Profile ............................................ 16 3.1.26 Social Profile ............................................. 17 3.1.27 Literacy and Education Status ............................................ 18 3.1.28 Urbanisation ............................................ l8 3.2 WATERWAYS-ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINESCENARIO . .........................................18 3.2.1 Physical Conditions ............................................ 18 3.2.2 Sediment quality ............................................. 19 I 3.2.3 Water Quality ............................................ 19 3.2.4 Flora & Fauna ............................................ 19 3.3 WATERWAYS:SOCIAL BASELINE SCENARIO ...................................... 20 3.3.1 Demographic profile ............................................ 20 3.3.2 Socio-economic Profile ............................................ 20 4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................ 22 4.1 PUBLICCONSULTATIONS ............................................ 22 4.2 PLAN FORCONTINUED PARTICIPATION .................. ......................... 29 4.2.1 Responsibility for continued consultations ............................................ 29 * 4.2.2 Suggestions for Future Consultation ............................................. 29 4.2.3 Follow-up Consultations ............................................ 30 4.2.4 Public Disclosure ............................................. 30 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................ 30 5.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT ........................................... 30 5.1.1 "With" and "No Action" Alternative ............................................ 30 5.1.2 Design Decision Constraints For Various Alternatives ............................. 31 5.1.3 Bypass Alternatives ............................................. 32 5.1.4 Realignment Alternatives ............................................ 32 5.1.5 Junction Alternatives ............................................ 32 5.1.6 Road Cross-Section Alternatives ............................................ 32 5.1.7 Pavement Alternatives ............................................ 33 5.1.8 Maintenance Alternatives ............................................. 33 5.2 PILOT WATERWAYSCOMPONENT ........................................... 33 5.2.1 "With" and "No Action" Alternative . ............................................ 33 5.2.2 Reason for choosing the waterways ............................................ 33 5.2.3 Design alternatives ............................................ 33 6 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ............................................. 34 6.1 HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................................... 34 6.1.1 Impact on Climate and geology ............................................. 34 I 6.1.2 Impact on Physiography ............................................ 34 6.1.3 Impact on Soils & Construction materials ............................................ 34 Louis Berger International/Sheladia/CESlICT 2 I l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary 1 6.1.4 Water resources & quality impacts .................................... 34 6.1.5 Drainage impacts .................................... 34 6.1.6 Air Quality Potential Impacts .................................... 35 m 6.1.7 Noise impacts.................................... 35 6.1.8 Flora & Fauna Impacts ............................ 35 6.1.9 Cultural Property Impacts ............................ 36 6.1.10 P Fieldaddy Impacts s ............................. 36 6.2 HIGHWAYS:SOCIAL IMPACTS ....................................... 36 6.2.1 Standard Avoidance .36 6.2.2 Corridor of Impact .36 6.2.3 Loss of Community Resources .36 6.2.4 Minimising Resettlement .37 | 6.2.5 Overall Affected and Displaced People .37 6.2.6 Estimates of Land Required for the Project .39 6.2.7 Vulnerable Groups.39 6.2.8 Loss of Livelihood and Income Restoration. 39 6.2.9 HIV/AIDS .41 6.3 PILOT WATERWAYS COMPONENT: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT 4 1 6.3.1 Impact on Physical Conditions .41 6.3.2 Social Impacts 41 6.3.3 Impacts on Flora and Fauna 42 ; 7 ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND RESETTLEMENTACTION PLANS ... 42 7.1 INTRODUCTION .. 42 7.2 EMP - HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT (PHASE - I: UPGRADATION/ IMPROVEMENT ROADS) .42 7.3 ESMP - HIGHWAYSCOMPONENT (MAINTENANCE ROADS).43 I 7.4 EMP - PILOT WATERWAYSCOMPONENT .43 7.5 BUDGET FOR THEENVIRONMENTAL COSTS .43 7.6 RESETrLEMENTACTION PLAN .43 U 7.6.1 Support Principles for Different Categories of Impacts .43 7.6.2 Targeted Support for the Vulnerable Groups .45 7.6.3 Implementation Requirements .46 7.6.4 Implementation Arrangements .48 7.6.5 R&R Costs and Budget .49 7.6.6 The Highways ............................................... 49 7.6.7 Monitoring and Evaluation .50 7.7 TRAININGAND AWARENESS PLAN .50 l l l I Louis Berger International/S heladia/CES/ICT 3 l Kerala State Transport Project Executive Summary KERALA STATE TRANSPORT PROJECT Executive Summary 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 PROJECTDESCRIPTION The Kerala State Transport Project includes the improvement and maintenance of the existing State Highways and Major District Roads, and a pilot waterways component. The project is * divided in two phases for the highways improvement and the waterways component, and into Year programmes for the maintenance activities. Table 1.1 provides the breakdown. The maps provided overleaf show the highways and waterways to be improved / maintained under this project. Table 1.1: Kerala State Transport Project: Components I SL.NO. COMPONENTDESCRIPTION TOTAL LENGTH COVERAGE 1 HGHWAYSCOMPONENT I 1.1 Highways- Widening and 257.7 km (Phase I) l.1 Improvement - in two Phases 324 km (Phase II) Throughout Kerala 3 339.1 (Year 1) 1.2 Highways- Maintenance 364.8 (Year 11) Throughout Kerala Component - in three years 306.9 (Year lit) I 2 WATERWAYSCOMPONENT 2.1 Waterways Component- Pilot 75.5 km (Phase I) canalsthree located in the 1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVE The objective of the Kerala State Transport Project is to improve and maintain the State Highways and to experiment the improvement of selected waterway canals. This I infrastructure development is expected to encourage the State in its economic growth in general, and in the tourism / industrial sectors in particular. In the process of project development and implementation, the in-house capabilities / capacity of the Kerala State I Public Works Department (PWD) and the Kerala State Irrigation Department (ID) to plan and maintain the highways / roads and waterways respectively will also be developed. | 1.3 APPLICATION OF THE WORLD BANK'S SAFEGUARDS The World Bank