Feb' 2021 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report

FEB’ SVELC/BSC /DRAFT/EIA 202 1

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Mining of Road Metal & Gravel ) Managing Partner: B. Subba Reddy D. No. 101, Radha Krishna Residency Gudur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore , Andhra Pradesh - 524101

Site Address Lease Area: 10.117 Ha. Sy. No. USL Utlapalem (V), Podalakur (M) S.P.S.R Nellore District , Andhra Pradesh - 524409

Production Capacity Mining of Road Metal - 275949 m3/Annum Gravel - 14109 m 3/Annum Primary Baseline Data Collected: November ’ 2020 to January’ 2021 Ap proved ToR Lr. No: SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704 – 328 Dated: 21.07.2020 Sector: 01 – Mining of Minerals, Cat –B1

PREPARED BY

H.O:Block-B, B-1, IDA, Autonagar -12, Vishakapatnam Ph: 0891 -2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529, E-mail: [email protected] Ph: 9440338628 QCI NABET & NABL Accredited & Recognized by MOEF&CC, New Delhi .

UNDERTAKING (As per MoEF OM No. 11013/41/2006-IA.II (I) dt: 05.10.2011)

I, the undersigned Mr. B. Subba Reddy, Managing Partner of proposed Road Metal &

Gravel mine in the name of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers over an extent of 10.117

Ha (25.0 Acres) located at Sy.No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal,

SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh do hereby solemnly affirm and declare that

SV Enviro Labs & Consultants located at Enviro House, Block –B, B-1, IDA,

Autonagar, Visakhapatnam -12 has obtained ToRs for our mine to obtain

Environmental clearance under the EIA notification, 2006.

As a Project proponent, I undertake that the present Draft EIA study report of the proposed project of M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers located at Sy.No. USL of

Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District is entirely with the prescribed ToR’s.

And further, I endorse all the data and information of the EIA report, as presented by

EIA consultant SV Enviro Labs & Consultants to be accurate, true and correct and I own the responsibility for the same.

Thanks & Regards For M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS

B. Subba Reddy Managing Partner DECLARATION BY EXPERTS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EIA

“Draft Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed Miningof Road Metal with maximum production capacity of 275949 m 3/Annum and Gravel with production capacity of 14109 m 3 for one year alone from the area of extent 10.117 Hectares located in Sy. No.USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh by M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers Managing Partner B. Subba Reddy.

I hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Co-ordinator

Name : Dr. M. Tarakeswara Naidu

Signature :

Functional Area Experts:

S.No Functional Name of the Category Involvement Signature and Date as per (Period and Areas Expert NABET task**) 1. EIA Dr. M. Tarakeswara B Mining Coordinator Naidu 2. AP * M. Murali Krishna A Air Pollution monitoring,

prevention & control

3. WP * V. Hemalatha A Water Pollution monitoring,

prevention & control

4. SHW * K. Anitha A Solid waste management

5. SE * Dr. B. Vijay Bhaskara A Socioeconomic studies Rao 6. EB * Dr. M. Tarakeswara A Ecology and Bio-diversity Naidu

7. HG * Dr. G.V.A A Hydrology

Ramakrishna 8. GEO * Dr. G.V.A Geology A Ramakrishna 9. SC * Dr. M. Tarakeswara B Soil conservation Naidu

10. AQ * M. Murali Krishna A Air quality modelling

11. NV * M. Murali Krishna A Noise and vibration

12. LU * Dr. G.V.A A Land use studies Ramakrishna

13. RH * Shaik Kasim A Risk and hazard study

Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person

I, M. Murali Krishna , hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the Draft EIA for proposed Road Metal with maximum production capacity of 275949m3/Annum and Gravel with production capacity of 14109 m 3 for one year alone from the area of extent 10.117 Hectares located in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh by M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers Managing Partner B. Subba Reddy

Signature:

Name: M. Murali Krishna

Designation: Managing Partner Name of the EIA consultant organization: SV Enviro Labs & Consultants

NABET Certificate No & Issue Date:NABET/EIA/1821/SA 0118 Dt: 28.09.2020 and valid up to 24.04.2021.

INDEX

S.No TITLE PAGE No. TOR Compliance Executive Summary

Chapter -I:- Introduction 1.0 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Purpose of the project 1-1 1.2 Details of the project & identification of project proponent 1-3 1.3 Legal status of the project 1-3 1.4 Brief description of the project 1-5 1.5 Project nature, size and location 1-5 1.5.1 Nature 1-5 1.5.2 Size 1-5 1.5.3 Location 1-5 1.5.4 Accessibility 1-7 1.6 Regulatory compliances & applicable laws/regulations 1-7 1.7 Objective of EIA study 1-7 1.8 Environmental parameters anticipated in the study area 1-8 1.9 Generic structure of EIA document 1-8 1.10 Post Environment clearance monitoring 1-9

Chapter -II :-Project Description 2.0 General 2-1 2.1 Description of the project 2-1 2.2 Location details 2-1 2.2.1 Details about project site 2-2 2.3 Topography 2-6 2.4 Geology and exploration 2-6 2.4.1 Regional geology 2-6 2.4.2 Local geology 2-7 2.5 Reserves 2-9 2.6 Method of mining 2-11 2.7 Details of production 2-12 2.8 Waste dump management 2-15 2.9 Conceptual plan 2-15 2.9.1 Land use 2-16 2.9.2 Mine drainage 2-16 2.9.3 Mining methodology 2-16 2.9.4 Mining machinery 2-17 2.9.5 Waste dumps 2-17 2.9.6 Anticipated life of the mine 2-17 2.9.7 Site services 2-17 2.10 Employment potential 2-17

Chapter -III:-Description Of The Environment 3.0 Introduction 3-1 3.1 Study area 3-1 3.2 Study period 3-1 3.3 Methodology of EIA study 3-1 3.4 Collection of baseline data 3-2 3.4.1 Micro meteoreological data 3-2 3.4.2 Winds 3-4 3.5 Air environment 3-6 3.5.1 Selection of sampling locations 3-6 3.5.2 Methodology of sampling and analysis 3-6 3.5.3 Frequency of sampling 3-6 3.5.4 Existing ambient air quality 3-12 3.6 Water environment 3-13 3.6.1 Surface water and ground water quality assessment 3-13 3.6.2 Selection of sampling locations 3-13 3.6.3 Sampling techniques 3-13 3.6.4 Analytical techniques 3-15 3.6.5 Water sampling locations 3-16 3.6.6 Ground water quality of the study area 3-18 3.6.7 Summary of groundwater quality 3-20 3.6.8 Surface water quality of the study area 3-20 3.6.9 Surface water quality results are summarized 3-22 3.7 Soil quatliy 3-22 3.7.1 Selection of sampling locations 3-22 3.7.2 Sampling and analytical techniques 3-22 3.7.3 Details of soil sampling locations 3-23 3.7.4 Soil analysis results in the study area 3-25 3.7.5 Summary of soil analysis data 3-25 3.7.6 Standard soil classification 3-26 3.8 Noise environment 3-27 3.8.1 Identification of sampling locations 3-27 3.8.2 Methodology 3-28 3.8.3 Noise monitoring locations 3-28 3.8.4 Description of locations 3-29 3.8.5 Noise levels in the study area 3-29 3.9 Land use/Land cover 3-32 3.9.1 Methodology 3-32 3.9.2 LULC study 3-34 3.9.3 Interpretation 3-34 3.9.4 Digital elevation map 3-38 3.9.5 Contour map 3-38 3.9.6 Drainage map 3-38 3.10 Geology and Hydrogeology 3-43 3.10.1 Topography 3-43 3.10.2 Geology 3-43 3.10.3 Hydrogeology 3-44 3.10.4 Geomorphology and soil types 3-46 3.10.5 Water levels 3-47 3.11 Biological environment 3-48 3.11.1 Objectives 3-49 3.11.2 Study area 3-50 3.11.3 Methodology 3-51 3.12 Socio economic environment 3-75 3.12.1 Brief profile of the SPSR Nellore distric 3-76 3.12.2 Demographic details of the district 3-76 3.12.3 Land-Based Livelihoods 3-77 3.12.4 Economy 3-77 3.12.5 Agriculture 3-77 3.12.6 Industries 3-78 3.12.7 Art and literature 3-81 3.12.8 Transport 3-81 3.12.9 Education 3-84 3.12.10 Primary survey 3-84 3.12.11 Economic impact 3-86 3.12.12 Social and cultural impacts 3-86 3.12.13 Health & wellbeing impacts 3-87 3.12.14 Public infrastructure and services 3-87 3.12.15 Personal and psychological impact 3-87 3.12.16 Need assessment 3-88 3.12.17 Conclusion 3-89

Chapter -IV:-Anticipated Environmental Impacts &Mitigation Measures 4.0 Introduction 4-1 4.1 Impacts on climate 4-11 4.2 Air quality 4-11 4.2.1 Quantitative estimation of impacts on air environment 4-11 4.2.2 Sources of dust emission 4-12 4.2.3 Emission details 4-12 4.2.4 Meteorological data 4-13 4.2.5 Assumption made in the prediction of air pollution impacts 4-13 4.2.6 Summary of predicted ground level concentration of particulate 4-13 matter 4.2.7 Air quality mitigation measures 4-13 4.3 Water environment 4-14 4.3.1 Impacts on surface water bodies and control measures 4-14 4.3.2 Rain water harvesting 4-15 4.3.3 Impacts on ground water table 4-16 4.4 Land environment 4-16 4.4.1 Solid waste generation 4-16 4.4.2 Soil erosion 4-16 4.4.3 Reclamation of degraded areas 4-17 4.4.4 Program of Afforestation 4-18 4.4.5 Impact on land use and reclamation measures 4-18 4.5 Noise environment and vibrations 4-19 4.5.1 Impact due to noise and vibration 4-19 4.5.2 Noise and vibration control measures 4-20 4.6 Solid waste generation and stacking of wastes 4-21 4.7 Biological environment 4-21 4.7.1 Impacts on biological environment 4-21 4.7.2 Mitigation measures 4-22 4.7.3 Greenbelt development 4-22 4.8 Traffic analysis 4-24 4.8.1 Impact on road network 4-24 4.9 Socio-economic conditions 4-24 4.9.1 Impact on socio-economic conditions 4-24 4.9.2 Impact on human settlement 4-25 4.10 Impact on occupational health and safety 4-25

Chapter -V:- Analysis of Alternatives 5.0 General 5-1 5.1 Alternate technology 5-1 5.2 Alternative site 5-1

Chapter -VI:-Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.0 Environmental monitoring 6-1 6.1 Environment management 6-1 6.2 Monitoring around the mine site 6-2 6.3 Post project monitoring programme 6-2 6.3.1 Environmental monitoring 6-2 6.4 Monitoring schedule for Environmental parameters 6-3 6.5 Implementation schedule 6-3 6.6 Monitoring equipment and consumables 6-4

Chapter -VII:-Additional Studies 7.0 Public consultation 7-1 7.1 Risk assessment 7-1 7.1.1 Drilling and blasting risks 7-2 7.1.2 Failure of slope in the pit 7-2 7.1.3 Filling up the mine pit due to excessive rains 7-3 7.1.4 Accidents of heavy machinery 7-3 7.1.5 Disaster due to surface fire 7-3 7.2 Disaster management plan 7-4 7.3 Implementation of EMP and monitoring system 7-5 7.3.1 General 7-5 7.3.2 Implementation 7-6 7.4 Activites to be monitored/inspected by EMC 7-6 7.4.1 Land erosion 7-6 7.4.2 Drainage 7-7 7.4.3 Re-vegetation and green belt development 7-7 7.4.4 Occupational health 7-7 7.4.5 Operation and maintenance 7-8 7.5 Compliance for additional terms of reference 7-9 7.5.1 To establish a transport system for movement of 100 trucks of 20 7-9 ton land each moving every day

Chapter –VIII:-Project Benefits 8.0 General 8-1 8.1 Employment 8-1 8.2 Occupational health 8-1 8.3 Improvements in physical and social infrastructure 8-1 8.3.1 Improvement in the physical infrastructure 8-2 8.3.2 Improvement in the social infrastructure 8-2 8.3.3 Prevention of illegal mining & contribution to the exchequer 8-2 8.3.4 Enhancement of green cover 8-3 8.4 Other tangible benefits 8-3

Chapter –IX:-Environmental Management Plan 9.0 Introduction 9-1 9.1 Corporate environment responsibility 9-4 9.2 Objectives of environmental management plan 9-4 9.3 Air quality management 9-4 9.3.1 Air pollution control measures 9-5

9.3.2 Controlling of NO x levels 9-6 9.4 Water quality management 9-6 9.5 Noise level monitoring 9-7 9.5.1 Parameters 9-7 9.5.2 Methodology 9-7 9.5.3 Noise quality management 9-7 9.5.4 Noise pollution control 9-8 9.6 Water consumption and waste water generation 9-8 9.7 Biological management 9-9 9.7.1 Tree plantation program 9-10 9.7.2 Mine drainage 9-10 9.8 Soil management 9-10 9.9 Land environment 9-11 9.9.1 Land use 9-11 9.9.2 Mine roads 9-11 9.9.3 Proposed mitigating measures 9-11 9.10 Socio-economic environment & safety 9-12 9.11 Biological management plan 9-13 9.11.1 Green belt development/Afforestation plan 9-13 9.11.2 Criteria for selection of species 9-13 9.11.3 Design of green development 9-13 9.12 Occupational health and safety measures 9-14 9.12.1 Public health implication, occupational health survey program 9-15 and first aid 9.13 Project cost 9-16

Chapter –X:-Summary & Conclusion 10.0 Introduction 10-1 10.1 Need of the project 10-1 10.2 Project description 10-1 10.3 Sensitivity of the area 10-2 10.4 Reserves 10-2 10.5 Mining 10-3 10.6 Description of the Environment 10-3 10.6.1 Land use 10-3 10.6.2 Water quality 10-4 10.6.3 Ambient air quality 10-5 10.6.4 Noise quality 10-6 10.6.5 Biodiversity 10-6 10.6.6 Socio-Economic 10-7 10.7 Anticipated impact and mitigation measures 10-7 10.7.1 Land environment 10-7 10.7.2 Water environment 10-7 10.7.3 Air environment 10-7 10.7.4 Noise environment 10-8 10.7.5 Biological environment 10-8 10.7.6 Socio economic environment 10-8 10.7.7 Mine waste 10-8 10.7.8 Impacts due to transportation 10-8 10.8 Risk assessment & Disaster management plan 10-9 10.9 Project benefits 10-9 10.10 Environmental Management Plan 10-9 10.11 Recommendations 10-10

Chapter –XI:-Disclosure Of Consultants Engaged 11.0 Disclosure of consultants engaged 11-1 11.1 About SV Enviro Labs & Consultants 11-1 11.2 Services offered by SV Enviro 11-1

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. Chapter –I:- Introduction 1.1 Description of project proponent 1-3

Chapter –II :-Project Description 2.1 Details about the project site 2-2 2.2 Year wise & sectional wise production of Road Metal 2-13 2.3 Year wise production of waste 2-15 2.4 Land use 2-16 2.5 Employment details 2-18

Chapter –III:-Description Of The Environment 3.1 IMD climatological data (history) of nellore 3-3 3.2 Micro meteorological data at site 3-4 3.3 Techniques and detectable limits for ambient air quality 3-7 monitoring 3.4 Location of ambient air quality monitoring stations 3-7 3.5 Summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study area 3-9 3.6 Standard operating procedures (SOP) for water sampling 3-14 3.7 Analytical techniques for water analysis 3-15 3.8 Water sampling stations 3-16 3.9 Ground water quality results 3-18 3.10 Surface water quality of the study area 3-21 3.11 Analytical techniques for soil analysis 3-23 3.12 Soil sampling locations 3-23 3.13 Soil analysis results 3-25 3.14 Noise monitoring locations 3-28 3.15 Noise levels in the study area 3-29 3.16 Dynamic ground water resources –Gudur 3-48 3.17 Details of the forest blocks in the study area 3-51 3.18 Details of sampling locations 3-53 3.19 Mode of data collection and parameters considered during the 3-54 survey 3.20 Flora enumerated from core zone of the proposed mining site 3-56 3.21 Flora enumerated from buffer zone of the proposed mining 3-57 site 3.22 Importance value index of tree species 3-67 3.23 Phytosociology of the shrubs and climbers in the study area 3-68 3.24 Phytosociology of the shrubs and climbers in the study area 3-69 3.25 Biodiversity indices of the study area 3-70 3.26 Checklist of fauna observed in the study area 3-71 3.27 List of aquatic / semi aquatic macrophytes found in the study 3-73 area 3.28 Freshwater fishes from the study area 3-74 3.29 Freshwater phytoplankton from the study area 3-75 3.30 Freshwater zooplankton from the study area 3-75 3.31 Demographic details of the study area 3-79 3.32 Main and mariginal workers of the study area 3-82 3.33 Different amenities in the study area- 2011census 3-85 3.34 Summary of anticipated social impact assessment and 3-88 mitigation measures

Chapter –IV:-Anticipated Environmental Impacts &Mitigation Measures 4.1 Expected nature of impacts 4-1 4.2 Identified/predicted environmental impacts with & without 4-2 mitigation measures 4.3 Details of green belt plantation 4-18 4.4 Noise impact 4-19 4.5 Selected list of plant species for greenbelt development 4-23

Chapter –VI:- Environmental Monitoring Programme 6.1 Monitoring schedule for environmental parameters 6-3 6.2 Implementation schedule 6-3

Chapter –IX:- Environmental Management Plan 9.1 EMP costing for the proposed project 9-2 9.2 Ambient air quality standards 9-5 9.3 Air pollution control measures 9-5 9.4 Fresh water requirement 9-8

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO. Chapter –I :-Introduction 1.1 Location map of M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers 1-6

Chapter –II: - Project Description 2.1 Google map of mine area with 10 km radius buffer zone 2-4 2.2 Topo map of mine area with 10 km radius buffer zone 2-5 2.3 Surface cum geological plan 2-8 2.4 Mine layout plan showing proposed year wise workings 2-14

Chapter –III:-Description Of The Environment 3.1 Wind rose diagram for the month of November 2020- 3-5 January 2021 3.2 Location of ambient air quality stations 3-8 3.3 Water sampling locations 3-17 3.4 Soil sampling locations 3-24 3.5 Noise monitoring locations 3-30 3.6 Methodology 3-33 3.7 False colour composite satellite map 3-35 3.8 True colour composite satellite map 3-36 3.9 Land use/ land cover map 3-37 3.10 Digital elevation map 3-40 3.11 Contour map 3-41 3.12 Drainage map 3-42 3.13 Geology map of the district 3-43 3.14 Hydrogeology – SPSR Nellore district 3-45

Chapter –VII:-Additional Studies 7.1 Organizational setup of EMC 7-5 7.2 Preferred transportation route 7-11

Chapter -IX:- Environmental Management Plan 9.1 Water balance flow diagram 9-9

Chapter -XI:-Disclosure Of Consultants Engaged 11.1 NABET certificate 11-3

Annexures Annexure –I ToR copy Annexure –II Mining plan & Drawings Annexure –III Cluster Letter & Map Annexure –IV Cluster EMP Annexure –V Forest & MRO NOC

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE COMPLIANCE ToR Lr. No: SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704-328 Dated: 21.07.2020

S. No Standard Terms of Reference TOR Compliance/Section No. 1 Year wise production details since 1994 should The Mining plan was approved by be given, clearly stating the highest production the Deputy Director of Mines & achieved in any one year prior to 1994. It may Geology (FAC), Nellore to carry also be categorically informed whether there the Mining of Road Metal and had been any increase in production after EIA Gravel over an extent of 10.117 Notification 1994 came into force, w.r.t the Ha. The mine lease was in highest production achieved prior to 1994. principle granted vide Notice No. 610/Q/2019, dated 18.09.2019 . The Mining activity is not yet commenced by the proponent hence with respect to earlier production capacity is not applicable.

The year wise proposed production is detailed in section 2.7 of Chapter II

2 A copy of the document in support of the fact B. Subba Reddy, Managing that the Proponent is the rightful lessee of the Partner of M/s Bhagavan Stone mine should be given. Crushers is the rightful lessee of the mine. The supporting documents are in the name of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Managing partner B. Subba Reddy which are attached in the mining plan (Annexure II).

3 All documents including approved mine plan, While preparing EIA it has been EIA and Public Hearing should be compatible ensured that all the documents with one another in terms of the mine lease including approved mining plan, M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

area, production levels, waste generation and EIA are compatible with one its management, mining technology etc. and another in terms of the mine lease should be in the name of the lessee. area, production levels, waste generation and its management, mining technology etc and are in the name of M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers.

4 All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, All the corner coordinates of mine superimposed on a High Resolution Imagery/ lease are has been Toposheet, topographic sheet, geomorphology marked/superimposed on and geology of the area should be provided. Toposheet. Such an Imagery of the proposed area should 10 km radius Topo map of clearly show the land use and other ecological 1:50,000 scale of the proposed features of the study area (core and buffer project location with all the corner zone). coordinates of the mine lease area is given in Chapter II under Fig. 2.2.

Corner co-ordinates are superimposed on High resolution Google earth imagery & Toposheet is given in Chapter-II under Fig. 2.1 & 2.2.

5 Information should be provided in Survey of Required Toposheet is provided at India Topo sheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating Fig. 2.2 in Chapter-II. geological map of the area, geomorphology of Important water bodies, streams, land forms of the area, existing minerals and rivers are shown in Toposheet mining history of the area, important water which is provided by Survey of bodies, streams and rivers and soil India. characteristics.

6 Details about the land proposed for mining The Mining plan was approved by M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

activities should be given with information as the Deputy Director of Mines & to whether mining conforms to the land use Geology (FAC), Nellore to carry policy of the State; land diversion for mining the Mining of Road Metal & should have approval from State land use board Gravel over an extent of 10.117 or the concerned authority. Hectares. The mine lease was in principle granted vide Notice No. 610/Q/2019, dated 18.09.2019 .

Land diversion is not applicable.

7 It should be clearly stated whether the The project proponent is proponent Company has a well laid down committed to environmental Environment Policy approved by its Board of safeguard and sustainable Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA development. Environmental Report with description of the prescribed Monitoring Cell shall be operating process/procedures to bring into established for reporting focus any infringement/deviation/ violation of environmental issues. The the environmental or forest norms/ conditions? Environmental policy is as The hierarchical system or administrative order follows: of the Company to deal with the environmental  Prevent Environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC pollution by continual conditions may also be given. The system of improvement in environmental reporting of non compliances / violations of performance of the environmental norms to the Board of Directors Environmental Management of the Company and/or shareholders or Plan. stakeholders at large, may also be detailed in  Comply with all the the EIA Report. environmental legislations, regulations under the EIA Notification 2006 & subsequent amendments.  Promote environmental awareness amongst employees, local communities and M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

interested parties through proactive communication and training. Training to employees in terms of Safety, Health & Environment through Mining association & Authorized Agency.

8. Issues relating to Mine Safety, including The method of mining is open cast subsidence study in case of underground semi mechanised. mining and slope study in case of open cast Subsidence study is not applicable mining, blasting study etc. should be detailed. as the proposed mine is through The proposed safeguard measures in each case opencast mining. should also be provided. Mining will be done during non- rainy period. As the mine is for Road Metal and Gravel the chance of failure of pit slope does not exist.

Safety measures:

 The working pits will be under vigilance during the working and non working hours.

Detailed occupational health and safety is mentioned at Chapter -IV under section: 4.10.

9. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone 95% of total produced ROM will around the mine lease from lease periphery and be utilized as Road Metal, hence the data contained in the EIA such as waste the waste generated from this mine generation etc. should be for the life of the is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of mine lease period. 71897 m 3 of waste is generated M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. The life of the mine is 7 years. The detailed year wise production is mentioned in Chapter-II under section 2.7.

10 Land use of the study area delineating forest Land use/Land cover is area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife exclusively detailed in section 3.10 sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of of Chapter-III. fauna, water bodies, human settlements and Impacts on Land Use are other ecological features should be indicated. mentioned in section 4.4 of Land use plan of the mine lease area should be Chapter-IV. prepared to encompass preoperational, operational and post operational phases and submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land use should be given.

11. Details of the land for any Over Burden Dumps 95% of total produced ROM will outside the mine lease, such as extent of land be utilized as Road Metal, hence area, distance from mine lease, its land use, the waste generated from this mine R&R issues, if any, should be given. is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m 3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

12 A Certificate from the Competent Authority in No forest land is existed with in the State Forest Department should be core zone and buffer zones. provided, confirming the involvement of forest The proposed quarry lease area is land, if any, in the project area. In the event of 70 meters away from Munagapadu any contrary claim by the Project Proponent R.F on SW and 253 meters away regarding the status of forests, the site may be from Tatipalli RF on SW. NOC inspected by the State Forest Department along has been from Divisional Forest with the Regional Office of the Ministry to Officer (FAC) vide Rc. No. ascertain the status of forests, based on which, 953/2018TO Dt. 23.07.2019 the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees.

13 Status of forestry clearance for the broken up Not Applicable. area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory Afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished.

14 Implementation status of recognition of forest Not Applicable. rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated.

15 The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the study Flora studies conducted in the core area, with necessary details, should be given. and buffer zones and are covered in Chapter-III under section – 3.11.

16 A study shall be got done to ascertain the Fauna studies conducted in the impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of the core and buffer zone is covered in M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

study area and details furnished. Impact of the Chapter-III under section-3.11. project on the wildlife in the surrounding and Mitigation measures on the any other protected area and accordingly, biological environment are detailed mitigative measures required, should covered in section-9.11 in be worked out with cost implications and Chapter-IX. submitted.

17 Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, No National Parks, Wildlife Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Sanctuaries, Tiger/Elephant Ramsar site Tiger/Elephant Reserves/(existing Reserves are existed in the core or as well as proposed), if any, within 10 km of buffer zone of the lease area. the mine lease should be clearly indicated, supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife and copy furnished.

18 A detailed biological study of the study area Biological study is covered in [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of the Chapter-III under section-3.11. periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried Tabled data of the species also out. Details of flora and fauna, endangered, mentioned in section 3.11 in endemic and RET Species duly authenticated, Chapter-III. separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the Schedule of the fauna present. In case of any scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan along with budgetary provisions for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and details M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost.

19 Proximity to Areas declared as 'Critically No critically polluted areas come Polluted' or the Project areas likely to come under the core zone or buffer zone under the 'Aravali Range', (attracting court of the lease area. restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Department should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered.

20 Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map No CRZ regulation is applicable. duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. (Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority).

21 R&R Plan/compensation details for the Project Not Applicable. Affected People (PAP) should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

programmes prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village(s) located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of village(s) including their R&R and socio-economic aspects should be discussed in the Report.

22. One season (non-monsoon) [i.e. March-May Baseline data (Water quality, noise (Summer Season); October-December (post level, soil, flora and fauna, AAQ, monsoon season) ; December-February (winter Meteorological data) for the period season)]primary baseline data on ambient air of November’ 2020 to January’ quality as per CPCB Notification of 2009, 2021 is collected within the study water quality, noise level, soil and flora and area and same is elaborated in fauna shall be collected and the AAQ and other chapter -III. data so compiled presented date-wise in the EIA and EMP Report. Site-specific meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the predominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given.

23. Air quality modelling should be carried out for Detailed air quality for prediction prediction of impact of the project on the air of impacts is elaborated in chapter quality of the area. It should also take into – IV under section: 4.2. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

account the impact of movement of vehicles for There are no point sources transportation of mineral. The details of the proposed in the mine lease area. model used and input parameters used for However, the proposed mineral is modelling should be provided. The air quality Road Metal & Gravel. Hence contours may be shown on a location map fugitive dust emissions during clearly indicating the location of the site, operations are very minimal. location of sensitive receptors, if any, and the habitation. The wind roses showing Vehicular movement will be predominant wind direction may also be restricted in terms of speed, hence indicated on the map. the fugitive emissions will be localised.

The wind rose is shown in chapter –III.

24 The water requirement for the Project, its The total water requirement is 13.0 availability and source should be furnished. A KLD and will be met through detailed water balance should also be provided. water tankers from surrounding Fresh water requirement for the project should villages. Detailed water balance is be indicated. mentioned in Chapter - IX under table no: 9.6

25. Necessary clearance from the Competent As we are not drawing any ground Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water, hence clearance from water for the project should be provided. ground water board is not applicable.

26. Description of water conservation measures Water conservation measures are proposed to be adopted in the project should be mentioned under section-9.4 in given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed Chapter-IX. in the project, if any, should be provided. Rain water Harvesting is covered under section 4.3.2 in Chapter-IV.

27. Impact of the Project on the water quality, both Impacts on water quality are tabled surface and groundwater, should be assessed in Table-4.3 in Chapter-IV and M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

and necessary safeguard measures, if any safeguard measures are covered required, should be provided. under section 4.3.

28. Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly Shallower aquifers are observed be shown whether working will intersect during monsoon period. Deeper groundwater. Necessary data and ground water depths are observed documentation in this regard may be provided. during summer season ranging In case the working will intersect groundwater from 40 to 50 m from the ground table, a detailed Hydro Geological Study surface level. The maximum and should be undertaken and Report furnished. minimum depth of mine workings The Report inter-alia, shall include details of range between 1 to 40 m from the the aquifers present and impact of mining hill slope. No intersection of activities on these aquifers. Necessary ground water table is anticipated permission from Central Ground Water during the mine workings. Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished.

29 Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, The subjected area does not have passing through the lease area and modification any perennial/seasonal / diversion proposed, if any, and the impact of watercourse in the vicinity. One the same on the hydrology should be brought seasonal first order stream is once out. available within the mine site, however due to earlier mining activity this drainage course is disturbed and rain water is collected within the mine pits

30 Information on site elevation, working depth, Site elevation is 140 m AMSL. groundwater table etc. Should be provided both The maximum and minimum in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram may depth of mine workings range also be provided for the same. between 1 to 40 m from the hill slope. The ground water depth is 40-50 m BGL. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

31 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Year-wise Green belt development Development Plan shall be prepared in a schedule is depicted in section tabular form (indicating the linear and 4.4.4 in Chapter-IV. quantitative coverage, plant species and time Schedule of species for plantation frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the is also tabled under same section same will have to be executed up front on in Chapter-IV. commencement of the Project. Phase-wise plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given. The plant species selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution.

32. Impact on local transport infrastructure due to Traffic analysis has been done in the Project should be indicated. Projected section 4.8 in Chapter-IV. increase in truck traffic as a result of the Project in the present road network (including those outside the Project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered. Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of Transportation study as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines.

33. Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be Temporary rest shelter shall be M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

provided to the mine workers should be constructed during mining included in the EIA Report. operation.

34 Conceptual post mining land use and Conceptual plan is explained in Reclamation and Restoration of mined out section 2.9 in Chapter-II. areas (with plans and with adequate number of

sections) should be given in the EIA report.

35 Occupational Health impacts of the Project Occupational Health Impacts are should be anticipated and the proposed mentioned in Chapter-IV under preventive measures spelt out in detail. Details section 4.10. of pre-placement medical examination and Whereas the preventive measures periodical medical examination schedules are embedded in Chapter-IX. should be incorporated in the EMP. The project specific occupational health mitigation measures with required facilities proposed in the mining area may be detailed.

36 Public health implications of the Project and Public Health Implications are related activities for the population in the discussed in section 9.12.1 in impact zone should be systematically evaluated chapter-IX and the budget and the proposed remedial measures should be allocations are given in Table -9.1. detailed along with budgetary allocations.

37 Measures of socio economic significance and Measures on socio-economic influence to the local community proposed to conditions are mentioned in be provided by the Project Proponent should be Chapter -IV under section 4.9. indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimensions may be given with time frames for implementation.

38 Detailed environmental management plan Detailed Environmental (EMP) to mitigate the environmental impacts Management Plan and cost which, should inter-alia include the impacts of implication for EMP is mentioned change of land use, loss of agricultural and M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

grazing land, if any, occupational health in Chapter -IX. impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project.

39 Public Hearing points raised and commitment The present draft EIA is being of the Project Proponent on the same along submitted for conducting public with time bound Action Plan with budgetary hearing. Compliance to the issues provisions to implement the same should be raised during public hearing will provided and also incorporated in the final be addressed in the Final EIA. EIA/EMP Report of the Project.

40 Details of litigation pending against the project, No litigations against the project. if any, with direction /order passed by any

Court of Law against the Project should be given.

41 The cost of the Project (capital cost and Total project cost is Rs. 115 Lakhs recurring cost) as well as the cost towards and EMP capital cost Rs. 7.7 implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt Lakhs and recurring cost of Rs 6.0 out. Lakhs/annum and detailed in Chapter -IX with capital and recurring cost calculations.

42 A Disaster management Plan shall be prepared Not Applicable and included in the EIA/EMP Report.

43 Benefits of the Project if the Project is Project Benefits is covered in implemented should be spelt out. The benefits Chapter-VIII. of the Project shall clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential, etc.

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. TOR COMPLIANCE DRAFT EIA REPORT

Additional Terms of Reference:

S. No Additional Terms of Reference TOR Compliance/Section No. 1 To establish a transport system for movement The maximum required trips for of 100 trucks of 20 ton load each moving every this mine to transport the approved day maximum produced mineral will be 60 trips. Detailed traffic analysis is given in section 7.5.1 of Chapter VII.

M/s. BHAGAVANFEB STONE’ CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVEOF SUMMARY

M/s. VGR & COMPANYOF (Mining of Road Metal) ManagingM/s. BHAGAVANPartner: P. Venugopal STONE Reddy CRUSHERS D. No. 20/608, Koneti mitta village Near ESRM(Mining School, of Road Mula Metal peta & Gravel) ManagingS.P.S.R Nellore Partner: B. Subba Reddy D.Andhra No. 101, Pradesh Radha Krishna Residency GudurSite Address Mandal , S.P.S.R Nellore, Lease Area: 19.222Andhra Ha. Pradesh Sy. No. 873/P Vendodu (V), GudurSite Address (M) S.P.S.R NelloreLease District, Area: 10.117 A.P Ha. Sy. No. USL Utlapalem (V), Podalakur (M) ProductionS.P.S.R Capacity Nellore District, A.P 3 Mining of Road Metal - 80931 M /Annum Primary Baseline Data Collected: March’ 2020 to May’ 2020 Approved ToR Lr. No: SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/01/2020/1609 – 169 Dated: 25.06.2020 Sector: 01 – MiningProduction of Minerals, Cat Capacity –B Mining of Road Metal - 275949 m3/Annum Gravel – 14109 m3/Annum PrimaryPREPARED Baseline Data Collected: BY November’ 2020 to January’ 2021 Approved ToR Lr. No: SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704-328 Dt: 21.07.2020 Sector: 01 – Mining of Minerals, Cat –B2 at par with B2

H.O:Block-B, B-1, IDA, Autonagar -12, Vishakapatnam Ph: 0891-2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529, E-mail: [email protected] Ph: 9440338628PREPARED BY QCI NABET & NABL Accredited & Recognized by MOEF&CC, New Delhi. NABET/EIA/1720/RA 0097 Dt: 26.07.2018 valid up to 15.04.2020

NABL Accredited Dt: 08.05.2017 valid up to 07.05.2019

MoEF RecognizedH.O:Block Dt: -02.06.2016B, B-1, IDA, valid Autonagar up to 01.06.2021-12, Vishakapatnam Ph: 0891-2755528, Fax: 0891-2755529, E-mail: [email protected] 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ph: 9440338628 QCI NABET & NABL Accredited & Recognized by MOEF&CC, New Delhi. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy has applied for grant of Road Metal & Gravel Quarry lease over an extent of 10.117 Ha (25.0 acres) situated at Survey No: USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh on 14.05.2019.

The ADM&G, Nellore has submitted proposals recommending for grant of quarry lease for Road Metal & Gravel over an extent of 25.0 acres (10.117 Ha.) in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District for a period of 10 years in favour of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers vide File No. 1792/Q/2019, dated 16.09.2019. After careful examination of proposals of the ADM&G, Nellore, the DDM&G, Nellore has decided in principle grant a quarry lease for Road Metal & Gravel over an extent of 25.0 acres (10.117 Ha.) in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District for a period of 10 years in favour of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers subject to submission of Approved Mining Plan under amended Rule 7A of Andhra Pradesh Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1966 and also submission of Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests as per Environment Impact Assessment Notification through S.O. 1533, dated 14.09.2006 and Consent for Establishment & Consent for Operation obtained from A.P. Pollution Control Board as per G.O. Ms. No. 53, Inds. & Com. (MI) Department, dated 27.02.2019 vide Notice No. 610/Q/2019, dated 18.09.2019.

The Mining plan was approved by Deputy Director of Mines & Geology (FAC), Nellore vide Letter No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019.

Presentation for TOR has been made before the SEAC committee under Category B2 at

par with B1 and the TOR order has been issued by SEIAA, Govt of Andhra Pradesh vide Lr.No. SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704-328 Dt: 21.07.2020. As per the TOR baseline data has been prepared for one season i.e., non-monsoon season. The study area consists of the core zone (lease area) and the buffer zone comprising area within 10 km radius from the mine area. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In order to fulfill the further necessary requirements for obtaining the Environmental Clearance for this mining activity, the proponent has initiated steps to carryout required Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study in and around the proposed mine lease area.

This assessment is performed to identify the likely Environmental Impacts and based on the findings; an effective Environmental Management Plan is in place as per the EIA Notification 2006 general guidelines and the revised Model TOR outlined for Mining projects. The standards set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) will be met and adhered to.

This study covers an area surrounding the project site with a radial distance of 10 km from the proposed mining lease area. The baseline monitoring was carried out during the Period of November, 2020 to January, 2021.

1.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE The mine lease area falls under the Topo sheet No. 57 N/11 bearing following details: Topo sheet No. : 57 N/11 Latitude : 14°16'53.28424"N to 14°16'44.18580"N Longitude : 79°38'25.48859"E to 79°38'25.86541"E

Details about Project site:

Ownership Government Land Toposheet No. 57 N/11 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Annual rainfall 700 mm Min and max temp. 20 C and 38 C Avg. relative humidity 50-75% Predominant wind direction From North East HISTORICAL / IMPORTANT PLACES Nearest human settlement Munagapadu Village at a distance of 0.88 km. Nearest town/City Podalakur Mandal is at a distance of 14.84 km Nearest railway station Manubolu Railway Station is at a distance of 25.85 km Infrastructure Facilities Hospitals, schools and community facilities are available at Podalakur Mandal. Reserve Forests Munagapadu RF – 70 meters – SW Tatipalli RF – 0.253 km – SW NOC has been from Divisional Forest Officer (FAC) vide Rc. No. 953/2018TO Dt. 23.07.2019 Tummalatalupur RF – 0.60 km – E Vepinapi East Extension RF – 3.75 km – SW Potukonda RF – 4.20 km – SW Gonunarayanapalem RF – 4.26 km- SW Krishnareddipalli RF – 4.30 km – SE Tumaya RF – 5.67 km – SW Vavintaparti RF – 5.74 km – NE Duggunta RF – 6.56 km – NE Chaganam RF – 6.60 km – SE Veninapi Extension RF – 6.67 km – NW Marlapudi RF – 6.80 km – SW Tanamcherla RF – 7.24 km – NW Turimeral RF – 7.42 km – SE M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Vutukur RF – 7.44 km – SE Vandluru RF – 8.20 km – NW Pulikollu RF – 8.35 km - NW Podalkur RF – 9.00 km – NE Water Bodies Telugu Ganaga Canal – 2.15 km – NW Penna River – 2.07 km – SE Lake – 4.73 km – NE Kandaleru Reservoir - 5.30 km – NW Kandleru River – 5.50 km – NW Cheruvu – 6.20 km – NE Paideru Kaluva – 8.08 km – NE M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TOPO MAP AROUND 10 KM RADIUS M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.2 DETAILS OF PRODUCTION YEAR WISE PRODUCTION FOR ENSUING FIVE YEARS PERIOD It is proposed to produce 1437970 m3 of Road Metal aggregates during next five years plan period with an average annual production of 287594 m3 (ROM) from an area of 91724 m2. The applicant proposed to take up quarrying operations in North part of the quarry applied area. The excavation activity will be taken up in South of the applied area and advances towards North.

YEAR WISE & SECTIONAL WISE PRODUCTION YEAR WISE PRODUCTION FOR ROAD METAL Sec. Cross sectional Volume Recovery Waste @ Section Area m2 Influence m M3 @ 95% 5% K-K' 1498 30.0 44940 42693 2135 J-J' 3576 30.0 107280 401916 5096 I-I' 3184 30.0 95520 90744 4537 H-H' 4832 8.0 38656 36723 1836 Total 286396 272076 13604 H-H' 4832 22.0 106304 100983 5315 G-G' 4079 30.0 122370 116252 6118 F-F' 3841 15.0 57615 54734 2881 Total 286289 271975 14314 F-F' 3841 15.0 57615 54734 2881 E-E' 4807 30.0 144210 137000 7210 D-D' 6332 14.0 88648 84216 4432 Total 290473 275949 14523 D-D' 6332 16.0 101312 96246 5066 C-C’ 5223 30.0 156690 148856 7834 B-B' 4937 6.0 29662 28141 1481 Total 287624 273243 14381 B-B' 4937 24.0 118488 112564 5924 A-A' 6025 28.0 168700 160265 8435 Total 287188 272289 14359 GRAND TOTAL 1437970 1366072 71897 AVERAGE 287594 273214 14379 M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Mineable Reserves: The proved category reserves of Road Metal are estimated to a thickness of 38 m and a proved depth of 20 m from surface level is proved in adjacent quarries 20 m from surface i.e., from 140 m up to 60 m MSL. The quality of mineral is likely to be the same as exposed in existing pits. The reserves are estimated by sectional method which as consists of multiplying the cross-sectional area with the zone of influence if arrive at the volume. For the purpose of reserve estimation, 11 Geological sections A-A’ to K-K’ are drawn perpendicular to the slope direction for profile purpose at an interval of 30m each.

Life of Mine:

S. No Description Volume (m3) 1. Total Geological reserves (after deducting buffer zone 2848852 reserves) 2. Total Blocked Reserves under bench slopes 988632 3. Total Mineable Reserves 1860220 4. Extractable Reserves (95%) 1767209 5. Average Annual Production 273214 6.46 or say Life of Mine 7.0 years

1.3 MINING PROCESS The mining operations are carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with 6 benches of each 6 m height & width of the bench will be more than bench height with help of drilling and blasting in plan period. The dolerite by nature is hard. So blasting is mandatory for excavation. The blasted material will be loaded in to Tippers by excavator. The loaded ROM will be transported to the crusher located outside of the applied area within 1 km distance in private land. The top layer of gravel is removed directly by excavator alone with no drilling and blasting.

1.4 EXTENT OF MECHANIZATION Road metal is medium hard will be excavated by jack hammer drilling and blasting. The operations involve drilling, blasting & excavation by excavators and directly load into the Tippers/Tractors. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.5 PROPOSED MANPOWER By this project many people will be benefited for their livelihood and get employment in this remote area.

Employment Details S. No. Category No’s. 1 Mines Manager 1 2 Mine supervisor 1 3. Skilled workers 10 4. Semi Skilled Workers 10 Total 22

1.6 WATER SUPPLY A total of approximately 13.0 KLD of fresh water is required for the proposed project activity which will be met through water tankers. Out of the total quantity, 1.0 KLD will be utilized for domestic purpose, 4.0 KLD will be used for wet jacket drilling and 4.0 KLD for Green belt development. Remaining 4.0 KLD of water is required for dust suppression

1.7 BASELINE DATA The study area covers an area of 10km radius around the proposed mining site. The study includes detailed characterization of various Environmental components such as Air, Water, noise, Land and Socio-Economic within the study area.

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY AREA  To assess the existing base line data of Air, Water, Noise, Land and Socio- economic environment.  To evaluate the beneficial and adverse impacts of the proposed activity.  To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) detailing control technologies and measures to be adopted for minimizing the impacts and improving the Environmental Quality.  To predict the incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed mining activity.  To prepare post mining programme for monitoring and regulating Environmental parameters. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS: Air Environment: To know the existing ambient air quality, Eight sampling stations with in Core and buffer zone were identified and monitored for pollutants like, Particulate Matter – 10

(PM10), Particulate Matter – 2.5 (PM2.5), SO2, NOx and Free Silica. For this sampling

calibrated through samplers of PM2.5 & PM10 dust samplers.

The Ambient air quality measured at mine site and surrounding stations with in the study zone showed the following maximum and minimum concentrations of the pollutants-

It may be seen that all the parameters i.e., PM10, PM 2.5, SO2 and NOx are well within the range of 24 hr average of National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Silica was also monitored at all locations during the study period and was found to be Below Detectable limit.

1.7.2 Noise Pollution: The Leq day noise level at the proposed mine site is 44.4 dB (A) which is within the standard limit of Industrial area i.e. ~75 dB (A). During night the Leq night noise level is 33.9 dB (A) which is also within the night-time noise standard limit of 70.0 dB (A).

The noise levels ranges between 44.4 – 57.1 dB (A) during day time and 33.9 – 45.6 dB(A) during night time which is also within the standard limit for residential area.

1.7.3 Water Environment: Ground water samples are collected from eight locations and surface water from two locations. All these samples are free from colour and pollutants.

Summary of Ground water:  During the study period, the pH of the groundwater was found varying between 7.3 and 7.5. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the acceptable limits.  The TDS of all the samples were below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.  The Chloride levels in the groundwater samples collected in the study area were ranging from 151 - 222 mg/l M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 In the groundwater samples collected from the study area, the hardness was found to be varying from 142 mg/l to 224 mg/l.  In the groundwater samples of study area the fluoride values were found to be within a range of 0.46mg/l to 0.68 mg/l.

All the heavy metals in all samples were found to be below the permissible limits.

Summary of surface water:  pH of the surface water collected was neutral with pH ranging from 7.3 -7.6  TDS was found to be 259mg/l to 284mg/l. The tolerance limit of 1,500 mg/l as per IS:2296  Total hardness was found to be 96mg/l to 119mg/l  Presence of Nitrate was recorded as 1.3mg/l to 1.7mg/l  DO was observed as 6.1mg/l to 6.7mg/l.  Total coliform in water was 680MPN/100ml to 570MPN/100ml. The likely source of bacteriological contamination was due to the proximity to residential area  All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits.

1.7.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT: Soil survey was carried out at 5 locations to assess the soil characteristics which include both physical and chemical details.

Land Use Pattern: The total mine lease area is about 10.117 Ha. During the mining period an area of 9.1724 Ha of land will be mined out. An area of 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation along the approach road. It can be used for native species plantation at the end of the mining activity.

In the study area predominantly three crops are under cultivation i.e., Cashew, Mango & Paddy. The region is predominantly rural and suburban.

1.7.5 FLORA & FAUNA: No endangered species are found in the study area. No schedule – I species are found within 10km radius from the proposed project site.

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.7.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: The operation of the proposed mining activity could result in elevation of living standards of the people in nearby villages as it will generate work for the unemployed and further will result in the upliftment of their socio-economic status. The Management of M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers has proposed to give preference to local people for recruitment of personal for mining operation. Therefore the impact on socio-economic Environment could be beneficial.

1.8 RECLAMATION & REHABILITATION The total mine lease area is about 10.117 Ha. During the mining period an area of 9.1724 Ha of land will be mined out. After removal of mineral the resulting ground surface will be developed with plantation for land stabilization. At the end of land reclamation the area can be used as animal grazing field. An area of 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation on either side along the approach roads. It can be used for native species plantation at the end of the mining activity.

1.9 PROJECT SCHEDULE AND COST ESTIMATES The project cost is about 115.0 Lakhs and EMP capital cost Rs. 7.7 Lakhs and recurring cost of Rs 6.0 Lakhs/annum.

1.10 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environment Management Plan envisaged for this mining activity is described here under with a strong commitment to follow best environmental practices to reduce the negative implication to make this project a sustainable development endeavor.

Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area of the Mine Lease Area.

Air Environment: Mitigation measures proposed to maintain the air quality are as follows:  Regular water sprinkling to suppress the dust on haul roads, service roads and mining face by truck mounted water tankers.  Grading of haul roads, service roads time to time, to remove the accumulated dusty material will be done.  Development of Green belt all around Plant and along mining area boundary.  Periodical monitoring of air quality to take steps to control the pollutants. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Noise Environment There will be intermittent noise levels due to vehicular movement and trucks loading. However the impact of noise on the surrounding area is likely to be minimal and appropriate mitigation measures will be adopted accordingly.

Control Measures The Management Plan for controlling noise pollution is envisaged as follows.  Selection of suitable machinery and equipment,  Proper mounting of equipment,  Providing noise insulation/padding wherever practicable and  Machinery will be fitted with properly designed noise acoustic silencers.  Proper maintenance and periodic lubrication of noise generating parts of the machines.  Provision of thick plantation in and around the mine is planned in order to reduce the noise and prevent it from reaching to surrounding habitation area.

Water Environment There will not be any waste water generation except domestic waste water, therefore no post waste water monitoring required.

Water Pollution Management  There are no perennial or seasonal streams in the core zone. However Channels and bunds would be constructed and maintained to avoid any erosion and contamination.

 The mine pit water collected due to rains will be utilized for water spraying on the haul roads and for watering plantation.

This water will be harvested for utilization in plantation watering, spraying on the haulage roads and mineral and waste dumps.

1.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY The company management shall give preference to local people through both direct and indirect employment. M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 It will provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-lift their living standards by organizing events that propagate mutual benefits to all, such as health camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer sections of society and downtrodden.  Educational needs of the region will be improved by encouraging the workers to allow their children to attend schools.  Sufficient funds shall be allocated for these and other emergency needs.  Adequate supply of potable water to the workers will be made during the working hrs.  The mines department will supervise the safe working of the contractor and their employees. The working personnel will be provided with face masks, ear plugs, safety helmets and goggles in order to reduce health hazards. The proponent will provide all necessary provisions stipulated under the Mines Act. In addition a Safety committee will be formed and manned by equal participants from Management and Workers.

 Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) will be issued to each worker. Other safety equipments shall be used according to the nature of job involved.

1.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Regular monitoring of various Environmental parameters shall be carried out to ascertain the following points,  Status of air, noise, water, land pollution within the mining activity and in its vicinity;  Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of environmental; and  To assess and monitor Environmental impacts periodically.

1.13 SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT  The management firmly believes in the concept of safety and environmentally sustainable growth. The authorities and staff are very much concern in Environmental issues.  The management is going to develop scientifically designed green belt around the premises to mitigate air and noise pollution impacts on the surroundings.  The management proposed to monitor ambient air as per APPCB guidelines.  All the employees will be provided with personnel protective equipment M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 The management will provide safety training to all employees periodically and regularly.

1.14 CONCLUSION The management of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers will be committed to meet all stringent norms and to safe guard environment.

CHAPTER – I INTRODUCTION

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION Road metal and Gravel has huge importance in almost any type of construction activity. It is also the most important input in road construction activity and leveling areas for civil construction works etc., Further they are also required by railway projects for track laying and other construction activities. Thus in current times, where the focus of the governments is on improvement of basic infrastructure like roads, railways, dams and other social infrastructure - both in rural and urban areas, there is a constant need for ensuring regular supply of Road Metal & Gravel.

Due to heavy construction activity in the area, there is always a constant need of ensuring a regular supply of this basic input. Hence, an effort for increasing minor minerals production in the district must be encouraged to ensure smooth supply of aggregates to match the pace of developmental activities in the area.

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy has been granted in principle of Road Metal & Gravel mine lease over an extent of 10.117 Ha (25.0 acres) situated at Survey No: USL (Un-Surveyed Land) of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh.

The proponent proposes to obtain Environmental Clearance for the above said mine from

SEIAA, AP. The project is categorized as Category –B2 as per Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification S.O. 1533 (E) Dt: 14.09.2006 and amended Notification S.O. 3977 (E) Dt: 14.08.2018. But, as per the latest National Green Tribunal (NGT) New Delhi issued orders in O.A. 186 of 2016 Dt: 13.09.2018 & in E.A. No. 55/2018 of O.A. No. 520/2015 Dt: 11.12.2018; OM F. No. L-11011/175/2018-IA-I (M) Dt: 12.12.2018 the projects with individual area or cluster area of mine leases from 5 to 25 Hectares falls

under Category B2 at par with Category B1, necessitates Public Hearing for obtaining the Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) as the mine extent is 10.117 Ha which is more than 5.0 Hectares.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

In consideration with MoEF&CC notification S.O. 141(E) Dt. 15th January, 2016 and S.O.2269 (E) Dt. 1st July, 2016 there are four executed mines out of which three mines are non-working within 500 meters from the peripheral boundary of the proposed mine area thus, vide ADM&G, Nellore letter No. 1792/Q/2019; dated 31.01.2020. However, as per the NGT Orders individual lease area is greater than 5 Hectares comes under

Category B2 at par with Category B1 and necessitates Public Hearing for obtaining Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The mine management has initiated the process for obtaining EC from SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh. Presentation of ToR has been made before the SEAC committee and ToR has been issued by SEIAA, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh vide Lr No. SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704-328 Dt: 21.07.2020 attached as Annexure - I.

In order to ensure compliance for obtaining the Environmental Clearance for this mining activity, the proponent has initiated steps to carryout required Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies in and around the mine lease area. The study was conducted within 10 km radius from the mine boundary. The baseline data collection involves the data of air quality, water status, land use, socio-economic structure of the study area, existing flora, fauna, prevailing noise levels, along with the physiographical status and meteorological conditions of the area.

As per the TOR; baseline data has to be prepared for one season i.e., non-monsoon season. The study area comprises of the core zone (lease area) and the buffer zone (10 km around the core zone from the periphery). The baseline monitoring for which was carried out in and around the mine area during the period of November, 2020 to January, 2021.

The current report is based on the mining techniques, air emissions, waste water generation and discharge, and solid waste management. This assessment is performed as per the EIA Notification 2006 general & revised guidelines and TOR outlined for Mining projects and approved ToR's. Effective plans to mitigate the adverse impacts and suggestive pollution control measures along with Environmental Management Plan have been summarized. The standards set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) will be met and adhered to Environmental

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process, used to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It is a decision making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed mine and ensure that these impacts are taken into account during the operation.

The Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared in terms of EIA notification of the MoEF&CC dated 14.09.2006, its subsequent amendments and the EIA Guideline Manual for Mining of Minerals (Feb, 2010) of ASCI, Hyderabad, for seeking Environmental Clearance for the proposed mine in the name of M/s Bhagavan Stone

Crushers measuring 10.117 hectares falling under category B2 at par with B1.

1.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT & IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT PROPONENT M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy is the applicant for this Road Metal & Gravel mining project. Table: 1.1 Description of Project Proponent

ADDRESS OF THE MINE ADDRESS OF LESSEE M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy Survey No. USL (Un-Surveyed Land) D. No. 101, Radha Krishna Residency, Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, Gudur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh - 524409 Andhra Pradesh – 524101

1.3 LEGAL STATUS OF THE PROJECT M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy has applied for grant of Road Metal & Gravel Quarry lease over an extent of 10.117 Ha (25.0 acres) situated at Survey No: USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh on 14.05.2019.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

After careful examination of proposals of the ADM&G, Nellore, the DDM&G, Nellore has decided in principle grant a quarry lease for Road Metal & Gravel over an extent of 25.0 acres (10.117 Ha.) in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District for a period of 10 years in favour of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers subject to submission of Approved Mining Plan under amended Rule 7A of Andhra Pradesh Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 1966 and also submission of Environment Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forests as per Environment Impact Assessment Notification through S.O. 1533, dated 14.09.2006 and Consent for Establishment & Consent for Operation obtained from A.P. Pollution Control Board as per G.O. Ms. No. 53, Inds. & Com. (MI) Department, dated 27.02.2019 vide Notice No. 610/Q/2019, dated 18.09.2019.

The Mining plan was approved by Deputy Director of Mines & Geology (FAC), Nellore vide Letter No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019.

In order to fulfill the further necessary requirements for obtaining the Environmental Clearance for this mining activity, the proponent has initiated steps to carryout required Draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study in and around the proposed mine lease area.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

This study covers an area surrounding the project site with a radial distance of 10 km from the proposed mine lease area. The baseline monitoring was carried out during the Non monsoon period of November 2020 to January 2021.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT As per the approved mining plan vide Lr. No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019; M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy has been granted in principle a mining lease for Road Metal & Gravel over an extent of 10.117 Ha. located in Survey No: USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. The mining plan was granted for the maximum production capacity of 275949 m3/annum of Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year).

1.5 PROJECT NATURE, SIZE AND LOCATION 1.5.1 Nature The proposed project is for Road Metal & Gravel mining in the lease area of 10.117 Ha. of government land. The method of mining is conventional method of open cast mining for the maximum production capacity of 275949 m3/annum for Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year).

1.5.2 Size The proposed maximum production of mine for Road Metal is 275949 m3/annum and Gravel is 14109 m3/annum (only for one year) and the estimated project cost is 115.0 Lakhs. The anticipated life of mine will be 7.0 years as per targeted production and exploration during this mining plan period.

1.5.3 Location The mining area is located in Survey No: USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh (Fig. 1.1). The mine area is located at a distance of 41.09 km from the district headquarters, Nellore city. Topo sheet No. : 57 N/11 Latitude : 14°16'53.28424"N to 14°16'44.18580"N Longitude : 79°38'25.48859"E to 79°38'25.86541"E 1 - 5

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

Fig 1.1 Location Map of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

1.5.4 Accessibility Road Link The mine lease area can be reached through village road from Kambhalapalli Village which is connected to Nellore - Podalakur Road (SH-565) which is at a distance of 1.80 km.

Rail link The nearest rail head is Manubolu Railway Station which is at a distance of 25.85 km from the mine location.

Air Link The nearest airport facility is available at Tirupati International Airport which is at a distance of 71.60 km from mine location.

1.6 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES & APPLICABLE LAWS/REGULATIONS a. The mining plan was approved by Deputy Director of Mines & Geology (FAC), Nellore vide Letter No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019. b. Mine safety c. To Obtain Environmental clearance from SEIAA, AP. d. NOC from Pollution control board for establishment and operation. e. Labor license.

1.7 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY: The present EIA study is carried out to fulfill the listed objectives:  To establish the present environmental scenario.  To anticipate the impacts of mining operations on the environment.  To suggest preventive and mitigative measures to minimize adverse impact and to maximize beneficial impacts.  To prepare a detailed action plan for implementation of mitigative measures.  To suggest a monitoring programmed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mitigative measures.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

 To suggest the formation of a core group responsible for implementation of environmental control and protective measures and monitoring of such implementation.  To suggest a feedback mechanism enabling to make mid - course corrections.  To prepare a capital cost estimate and annual recurring cost for Environmental Management Plan.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ANTICIPATED IN THE STUDY AREA Collection of baseline data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment report. Baseline data reflects the present status of Environment before the initiation of any activity of the mining project. The possible effects due to the proposed mining project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data subsequently to assess Environmental impacts.

Pre Project Environment assessment was conducted in the study area during November’ 2020 to January’ 2021. Studies were under taken to generate base line data of the following:- 1. MICROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA. 2. AIR QUALITY – EXISTING AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 3. WATER ANALYSIS - GROUND WATER, SURFACE WATER 4. NOISE LEVELS 5. GEOLOGY 6. HYDROGEOLOGY 7. FLORA AND FAUNA 8. LAND ENVIRONMENT 9. LAND USE / LAND COVER 10. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS and 11. SOCIO – ECONOMIC STATUS SURROUNDING THE PROJECT SITE.

1.9 GENERIC STRUCTURE OF EIA DOCUMENT In terms of the EIA notification of the MoEF&CC dated 14th September 2006 as amended in Dec 2009, the generic structure of the EIA document should be as under: 1 - 8

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-I DRAFT EIA REPORT INTRODUCTION

Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Project Description 3. Description of the Environment 4. Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures 5. Analysis of alternatives (Technology and site) 6. Environmental Monitoring Programme 7. Additional Studies 8. Project Benefits 9. Environmental Management Plan 10. Summary & Conclusion 11. Disclosure of Consultants engaged

1.10 POST ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE MONITORING: The project management will submit a half yearly compliance report in respect of stipulated prior Environmental Clearance terms and conditions on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year.

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CHAPTER – II

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 GENERAL Environmental Impact Assessment systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the proposed project and ensures that these impacts are taken into account during the project design. It is a decision‐making tool, which guides the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions for proposed projects. It aims predicting environmental impacts at an early stage of project planning and design, find ways and means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the predictions and options to decision makers.

The Environmental Impact Assessment has been prepared in terms of EIA notification of MoEF & CC dated 14.9.2006, as amended on 1st Dec 2009, 4th April 2011and the EIA Guideline Manual for Mining of Minerals (Feb, 2010) of MoEF, Govt. of India, approved ToRs for seeking environmental clearance for M/s. Bhagavan Stone

Crushers for an extent of 10.117 Ha, falling under category “B2 at par with B1”.

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

As per the approved mining plan (Lr. No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019), M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers has been granted in principle a mining lease of Road Metal and Gravel over an extent of 10.117 Ha in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh.

The present proposal is for the maximum production capacity of 275949 m3/annum of Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year) and the mining activity will be carried out by Opencast semi mechanized method.

This assessment is performed to identify the likely Environmental impacts and based on the findings an effective Environmental management plan is put in place as per the EIA notification 2006 general guidelines and the TOR outlined for mining projects. The report is prepared in lieu of the standards set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).

2.2 LOCATION DETAILS The mining area is located in Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. The area is located at a distance of 41.09 km from the district headquarters, Nellore city. The nearest railway station is Manubolu railway

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

station at 25.85 km distance & nearest airport is Tirupati International Airport at a distance of 71.60 km from the mine lease area.

2.2.1 Details about Project Site

Table: 2.1 Details about the Project Site

Nature of the project M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers Mining of Road Metal & Gravel Size of the Project Maximum Production: Road Metal – 275949 m3 /Annum Gravel – 14109 m3 for one year only LOCATION OF PROJECT District & State SPSR Nellore & Andhra Pradesh Village & Mandal Utlapalem & Podalakur Land Availability 10.117 Ha., Nearest Village Mungapadu Village at a distance of 0.88 km Ownership Government Land Toposheet No. 57 N/11 GENERAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Annual rainfall 700 mm Min and max temp. 20 C and 38 C Avg. relative humidity 50-75% Predominant wind direction From North East HISTORICAL / IMPORTANT PLACES Nearest human settlement Munagapadu Village at a distance of 0.88 km. Nearest town/City Podalakur Mandal is at a distance of 14.84 km Nearest railway station Manubolu Railway Station is at a distance of 25.85 km Infrastructure Facilities Hospitals, schools and community facilities are available at Podalakur Mandal. Reserve Forests Munagapadu RF – 70 meters – SW Tatipalli RF – 0.253 km – SW NOC has been from Divisional Forest Officer (FAC) vide Rc. No. 953/2018TO Dt. 23.07.2019

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Tummalatalupur RF – 0.60 km – E Vepinapi East Extension RF – 3.75 km – SW Potukonda RF – 4.20 km – SW Gonunarayanapalem RF – 4.26 km- SW Krishnareddipalli RF – 4.30 km – SE Tumaya RF – 5.67 km – SW Vavintaparti RF – 5.74 km – NE Duggunta RF – 6.56 km – NE Chaganam RF – 6.60 km – SE Veninapi Extension RF – 6.67 km – NW Marlapudi RF – 6.80 km – SW Tanamcherla RF – 7.24 km – NW Turimeral RF – 7.42 km – SE Vutukur RF – 7.44 km – SE Vandluru RF – 8.20 km – NW Pulikollu RF – 8.35 km - NW Podalkur RF – 9.00 km – NE Water Bodies Telugu Ganaga Canal – 2.15 km – NW Penna River – 2.07 km – SE Lake – 4.73 km – NE Kandaleru Reservoir - 5.30 km – NW Kandleru River – 5.50 km – NW Cheruvu – 6.20 km – NE Paideru Kaluva – 8.08 km – NE

Boundary Coordinates

B.P. No Latitude (N) Longitude (E) 1 14°16'53.28424"N 79°38'25.48859"E 2 14°16'55.11282"N 79°38'34.62068"E 3 14°16'43.55888"N 79°38'37.80183"E 4 14°16'43.70742"N 79°38'34.93822"E 5 14°16'44.18580"N 79°38'25.86541"E

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Fig. 2.1 GOOGLE MAP OF MINE AREA WITH 10 KM RADIUS BUFFER ZONE

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Fig. 2.2 TOPOMAP OF MINE AREA WITH 10 KM RADIUS BUFFER ZONE

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.3 TOPOGRAPHY: The QL applied area is located on a hill raised 38 m above ground level within the lease area with topo relief of 38 m. The lowest contour is 102 m & highest contour is 140 m in the applied area. The applied area is already having 2 existing pits covered over an area of 48362 m2 & 4249 m2 at a depth of 19 m & 6 m respectively.

The drainage pattern observed within the lease area is sub-dendritic pattern with natural flow drainage direction of SW-NE. Vegetation in the lease area is sparse with thorny bushes in the interstices of joints where soil is existing and areas around the hill are cultivation lands.

2.4 GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION: 2.4.1 Regional Geology:

The Archean rocks occupy a major part o the district covering Ozili, Manubolu, Rapuru Gudur and Podalakur Mandals. The Archean rock are represented by granite dolerites, garnetiferous dolerite, schist with staurolite and kyanite hornblend dolerite gabbro with anothosite associated with the metapelites and hornblend dolerite are the sheets and lensoid bodies of meta ultramatices, Acid intrusive are represented by granite, pegmatite and quartz veins. Minerlogically, they consist of dolerite microcline, plagioclase perthite, biotite, muscovite and magnetite. At places hornblende and garnet are present in this region. The rock units, exposed in this region of the subject area belongs to rock of the Archeans age hornblende schist country rock with enclaves of older metamorphic and with emplacements of muscovite, pegmatites and quartz veins.

The Archean schist and dolerite show foliation varying from NE-SW to NW-SE with moderate to step dips on either side. The general disposition of the plutonic bodies is concordant with the adjacent quartzo – feldspathic mica schist. Associated with the metapelite and hornblend dolerite micaceous schist. The rock is exposed in the form of cluster of bounders and occasionally sheets.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Geological succession of parts of Nellore Schist belt (A.P):

Geological Era Geological/Rock Type Associated Rocks Nellore schist belt group Archean to lower Quartz reef Dolerite dykes Dolerite and black road proterozoic younger dykes younger road metal metals, quartz & schist Volcanic conglomerate meta acid volcanic (metadocite meta and site) meta basalts Peninsular Doleriteic complex Archean Granitod dolerite and Road metal granodiorite migmatite suite

2.4.2 Local Geology Geologically the area falls in the Sydapuram – Rapur of Nellore schist belt. The quarry applied area is located on hill about 38 m from the surface. The quarry applied area shows a dolerite dyke running in NNE-SSW strike direction. The dolerite occurs along with pegmatites, which traverse the Nellore Schist belt in shear and fracture zone. The country rocks comprise of hornblend schist. Dolerite appeared to be a fractured field emplaced with in dolerite. No other structural features like joints, fold and lineament etc within area are observed. Present area constitutes part of Western Charnockite zone represented mainly of Charnockite and basic granulite with minor iron formation. The lithologically the applied area is underlain by Charnockite, which is fresh looking, greasy, dark coloured with domination of hypersthene, blue quartz minerals in it.

The Charnockite in the area forms dome shaped, steeply sloping hills. The rock is medium to coarse grained texture composed of greasy quartz, hypersthenes, orthoclase and plagioclase with or without garnet.

Description of the Litho units: Soil Cover: Top soil (gravel) is covering the applied area over an extent in unbroken land on North, South, East and West sides.

Road Metal (Dark Grey to Black): Dolerite sheet rock is exposed to a thickness of about

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

38 m from hill top to surface and proved depth of 20 m from the surface in the applied area. The working pits show the good recovery of the road metal, i.e., about 95 %.

Fig 2.3 Surface cum Geological plan

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.5 RESERVES: The proved category reserves of Road Metal are estimated to a thickness of 38 m and a proved depth of 20 m from surface level is proved in adjacent quarries 20 m from surface i.e., from 140 m up to 60 m MSL. The quality of mineral is likely to be the same as exposed in existing pits. The reserves are estimated by sectional method which as consists of multiplying the cross-sectional area with the zone of influence if arrive at the volume. For the purpose of reserve estimation, 11 Geological sections A-A’ to K-K’ are drawn perpendicular to the slope direction for profile purpose at an interval of 30m each. The reserves are computed on the basis of the above consideration are given in the following table.

Reserves of Road metal are estimated by cross sectional method. Area of cross section was taken by deducting 7.5 m buffer zone at both sides. Thus the area of cross-section will be mineable only

Geological Reserves:

GEOLOGICAL RESERVES Section Sec Area Cross Sections Volume in Recovery Waste 5 % (m2) influence (m) (m3) 95% (m3) (m3) A-A’ 9379 28.0 262612 249481 13131 B-B’ 9506 30.0 285180 270921 14259 C-C’ 9813 30.0 294390 279670 14720 D-D’ 11346 30.0 340380 323361 17019 E-E’ 9699 30.0 290970 276422 14548 F-F’ 8832 30.0 264960 251712 13248 G-G’ 9060 30.0 271800 258210 13590 H-H’ 9973 30.0 299190 284231 14959 I-I’ 7837 30.0 235110 223354 11756 J-J’ 7418 30.0 222540 211413 11127 K-K’ 2724 30.0 81720 77634 4086 Total 2848852 2706409 142443

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Gravel Reserves: Reserves of Gravel were done by arithmetical method (Slice method) by taking untouched land as area and it is multiplied by depth of Gravel exists. 39113 m2 X 1.5 m = 58670 m3

Blocked Reserves: Reserves will be blocked under 7.5 m buffer zone & final pit sloped on Northern, southern & western sides of the applied area are calculated by volumetric method as detailed below.

RESERVES BLOCKED UNDER 7.5 M SAFETY ZONE(ROAD METAL) Section Sectional Area m2 Cross Sectional Influence m Volume m3 A-A' 742 28.0 20776 B-B' 750 30.0 22500 C-C' 778 30.0 23340 D-D' 795 30.0 23850 E-E' 848 30.0 25440 F-F' 875 30.0 26250 G-G' 911 30.0 27330 H-H' 950 30.0 28500 I-I' 947 30.0 28410 J-J' 2737 30.0 82110 K-K' 2078 30.0 62340 Total 370846

RESERVES BLOCKED UNDER BENCH SLOPES (ROAD METAL) Section Sectional Area m2 Cross Sectional Influence m Volume m3 A-A' 2304 28.0 64512 B-B' 2304 30.0 69120 C-C' 2628 30.0 78840 D-D' 2628 30.0 78840 E-E' 3276 30.0 98280 F-F' 3276 30.0 98280

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

G-G' 3672 30.0 110160 H-H' 3672 30.0 110160 I-I' 3816 30.0 114480 J-J' 3816 30.0 114480 K-K' 1716 30.0 51480 Total 988632

Total Non-mineable Reserves a) Road Metal = 7.5 m buffer zone + final pit slopes = 370846 + 988632 = 1359478 m3 b) Gravel The reserves blocked under 7.5 m buffer zone within the boundary = 9406 m2 X 1.5 m = 14109 m3

Blocked reserves under final pit slope is nil

Life of Mine:

S. No Description Volume (m3) 1. Total Geological reserves (after deducting buffer zone reserves) 2848852 2. Total Blocked Reserves under bench slopes 988632 3. Total Mineable Reserves 1860220 4. Extractable Reserves (95%) 1767209 5. Average Annual Production 273214 6.46 or say Life of Mine 7.0 years

2.6 METHOD OF MINING The mining operations are carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with 6 benches of each 6 m height & width of the bench will be more than bench height with help of drilling and blasting in plan period. The dolerite by nature is hard. So blasting is mandatory for excavation. The blasted material will be loaded in to Tippers by excavator.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The loaded ROM will be transported to the crusher located outside of the applied area within 1 km distance in private land. The top layer of gravel is removed directly by excavator alone with no drilling and blasting.

2.7 DETAILS OF PRODUCTION It is proposed to raise the in-situ mineral Road Metal of 1437970 m3 and Gravel of 14109 m3 for five years plan period from the applied area. The workings will be carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with the help of drilling and blasting from pit. The blasted ROM rock will be transported to the crusher (belongs to sister concerned), located within 1 km distance from the applied area.

YEAR WISE PRODUCTION FOR ENSUING FIVE YEARS PERIOD It is proposed to produce 1437970 m3 of Road Metal aggregates during next five years plan period with an average annual production of 287594 m3 (ROM) from an area of 91724 m2. The applicant proposed to take up quarrying operations in North part of the quarry applied area. The excavation activity will be taken up in South of the applied area and advances towards North. The year wise workings and the production, going to be achieved for this plan period years are detailed below.

1st Year:- In the first year, systematically developed by excavating the 7 benches of 6 m height and bench width will be more than bench height each from South to North direction over an area of 24564 m2 from top to bottom between the RLs of 132.5 – 74.0 m. from this excavation about 286396 m3 ROM will be obtained. The total ROM will be supplied to the crusher (belonging to the applicant) located outside the applied area. The crushed material will be sold as road metal to the different consumers.

2nd Year:- In this year, systematically developed by excavating the 7 benches of 6 m height and bench width will be more than bench height each from South to North direction over an area of 20735 m2 from top to bottom between the RLs of 132.5 – 84.0 m. from this excavation about 286289 m3 ROM will be obtained. The total ROM will be supplied to the crusher (belonging to the applicant) located outside the applied area. The crushed material will be sold as road metal to the different consumers.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3rd Year:- In this year, systematically developed by excavating the 5 benches of 6 m height and bench width will be more than bench height each from South to North direction over an area of 17343 m2 from top to bottom between the RLs of 125.0 – 84.0 m. from this excavation about 290473 m3 ROM will be obtained. The total ROM will be supplied to the crusher (belonging to the applicant) located outside the applied area. The crushed material will be sold as road metal to the different consumers.

4th Year:- In this year, systematically developed by excavating the 5 benches of 6 m height and bench width will be more than bench height each from South to North direction over an area of 14724 m2 from top to bottom between the RLs of 115.5 – 84.0 m. from this excavation about 287624 m3 ROM will be obtained. The total ROM will be supplied to the crusher (belonging to the applicant) located outside the applied area. The crushed material will be sold as road metal to the different consumers.

5th Year:- In this year, systematically developed by excavating the 5 benches of 6 m height and bench width will be more than bench height each from South to North direction over an area of 14266 m2 from top to bottom between the RLs of 112.0 – 78.0 m. from this excavation about 287188 m3 ROM will be obtained. The total ROM will be supplied to the crusher (belonging to the applicant) located outside the applied area. The crushed material will be sold as road metal to the different consumers.

Table 2.2 Year Wise & Sectional Wise Production of Road Metal YEAR WISE PRODUCTION FOR ROAD METAL Sec. Cross sectional Volume Recovery Waste @ Section Area m2 Influence m M3 @ 95% 5% K-K' 1498 30.0 44940 42693 2135 J-J' 3576 30.0 107280 401916 5096 I-I' 3184 30.0 95520 90744 4537 H-H' 4832 8.0 38656 36723 1836 Total 286396 272076 13604 H-H' 4832 22.0 106304 100983 5315 G-G' 4079 30.0 122370 116252 6118 F-F' 3841 15.0 57615 54734 2881 Total 286289 271975 14314

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

F-F' 3841 15.0 57615 54734 2881 E-E' 4807 30.0 144210 137000 7210 D-D' 6332 14.0 88648 84216 4432 Total 290473 275949 14523 D-D' 6332 16.0 101312 96246 5066 C-C’ 5223 30.0 156690 148856 7834 B-B' 4937 6.0 29662 28141 1481 Total 287624 273243 14381 B-B' 4937 24.0 118488 112564 5924 A-A' 6025 28.0 168700 160265 8435 Total 287188 272289 14359 GRAND TOTAL 1437970 1366072 71897 AVERAGE 287594 273214 14379

Fig 2.4 Mine layout plan showing proposed year wise workings

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.8 WASTE DUMP MANAGEMENT 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. Hence, there is no need of waste dump management. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure. Table 2.3 Year Wise Production of Waste

WASTE @ 5% S. No. YEAR m3 1. 1st year 14320 2. 2nd year 14314 3. 3rd year 14523 4. 4th year 14381 5 5th year 14359 Total 71897

2.9 CONCEPTUAL PLAN It is proposed to raise the in-situ mineral road metal of 1366072 m3 in five years from the quarry. The workings will be carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with the help of drilling and blasting from existing old pit will be systematically developed by excavated the 7 benches of 6m height and bench width will be maintained more than bench height each from South to North direction. The blasted ROM from rock will be transported to the crusher located at outside the mine lease area.

The quarry applied area is part of sloping hill side and reclamation is not possible by backfilling. The pits will be utilized for water storage and water harvesting structure. The bench slopes and plain lands will be applied with top soil and will be planted with local species. Green belt development will be taken up within 0.7 Ha. of buffer zone area and avenue plantation along the approach road.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.9.1 Land use The land use of the mining area is given below: Table-2.4: Land Use

S. No. Land Activity Area in Ha. 1 Area under Mining 9.1724 2 7.5 m Buffer Zone 0.9446 3 Dumps (0.1) 4 Green Belt (0.7) 5. Infrastructure (0.05) Total 10.117

2.9.2 Mine Drainage: The drainage pattern observed within the lease area is sub-dendritic pattern with natural flow drainage direction of SW-NE. The subjected area does not have any perennial watercourse in the vicinity. One seasonal first order stream is once available within the mine site, however due to earlier mining activity this drainage course is disturbed and rain water is collected within the mine pits.

Shallower aquifers are observed during monsoon period. Deeper ground water depths are observed during summer season ranging from 40 to 50 m from the ground surface level. The maximum and minimum depth of mine workings range between 1 to 40 m from the hill slope. No intersection of ground water table is anticipated during the mine workings.

2.9.3 Mining Methodology Road metal is medium hard so Jack hammer drilling and blasting are mandatory for excavation of road metal. The operations involve drilling, blasting & excavation by excavators and directly load into the Tippers/Tractors.

Gravel will be directly excavated by excavators without drilling & blasting.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.9.4 Mining Machinery

S.No. Machinery No. of Units Cost (in Lakhs) 1 Excavator (hire) 2 40.0 2 Compressor 1 5.0 3 Jack hammers 8 2.0 4 Drill machine 1 4.0 5 Tippers/Dumpers 3 45.0 6 Water tanker 1 15.0 7 Miscellaneous -- 4.0 Total 115.0

2.9.5 Waste dumps 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure.

2.9.6 Anticipated Life of the Mine Based on the mineable resources of 1767209 m3 the life of the mine is estimated to be about 7.0 years at an average production rate of 273214 m3/Annum.

2.9.7 Site Services There is no major construction seen near to the mining lease area. Mine Office Rest Shelter, Drinking Water Facilities, Public Utilities, First Aid facilities will be provided in the applied area.

The required water for mining activities and for domestic usage will be outsourced through water tankers from the nearby village.

2.10 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL By this project many people will be benefited for their livelihood and get employment in this remote area. The lessee is proposing to employ full time mine manager and geologist 2 - 17

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-II DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT DESCRIPTION

as per Rule 42 of MCDR 1988. The following persons are employed to carryout/ supervise the day to day mining operations.

Table 2.5 Employment Details S. No. Category No’s. 1 Mines Manager 1 2 Mine supervisor 1 3. Skilled workers 10 4. Semi Skilled Workers 10 Total 22

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CHAPTER – III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.0 INTRODUCTION Collection of base line data is an integral aspect of the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment report. Base line data reflects the present status of Environment before the initiation of any activity. The possible effects due to the mineral excavation from the mine project are estimated and superimposed on the compiled baseline data subsequently to asses Environmental Impacts.

3.1 STUDY AREA Study area covers 10 km radius from the mine site located at Sy No: USL (Un- Surveyed Land) of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh.

3.2 STUDY PERIOD The baseline environmental quality represents the background scenario of various environmental components in the study area.

As part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental monitoring was carried out for the monthof November 2020 to January 2021.The following studies were undertaken to generate base line data for this EIA report.

3.3 METHODOLOGY OF EIA STUDY The various steps involved in Environmental Impact Assessment study of the mine site are divided into following phases:  Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the existing status within the impact zone with respect to air, water, noise, soil and socio- economic components of environment. Following studies will be carried out:

. Micrometeorological data . Air quality – existing ambient air quality . Water analysis - ground water, surface water . Noise levels . Geology and Hydrogeology . Biological Environment . Land use / Land cover . Soil characteristics and 3 - 1

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

. Socio-economic status surrounding the project

 Study of various mining activities of the mine to identify the area leading to impact/change in environmental quality.  Quantification/prediction of impact for the identified activities and to study the level of impact on various environmental components.  Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted/quantified scenario over the baseline scenario.  Formulation of Environmental Management Plan for implementation in the proposed mining project.

3.4 COLLECTION OF BASELINE DATA 3.4.1 Micro meteorological data Micrometeorological studies are simultaneously conducted with the ambient air quality monitoring. Meteorology plays an important role in the dispersion of pollutants and interpretation of the base line information and for model study of air quality impacts also.

A temporary meteorological station was installed at project site. The station was installed at a height of 4 m above the ground level in such a way that there are no obstructions facilitating flow of wind, wind speed, wind direction, humidity and temperature are recorded on hourly basis.

Regional Meteorology: Climate The climate of the region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the monsoon. The climate of the southeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal is characterized by the annually recurring seasonal monsoons, which divide the year in to four seasons.  The North East monsoon from December to March is the cool season of the year with predominantly northeasterly winds.  The Pre monsoon period in the months of March to May is usually hottest part of the year.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

 The South West monsoon from June to September is characterized by predominantly South west winds.  The Post monsoon period is the months of October and November when cyclones most frequent.

Table 3.1 IMD climatological data (History) of Nellore

Mean Relative Temperature ºC Rainfall Month Humidity % mm Maximum Minimum 0830hrs 17.30hrs January 29.8 20.1 86 65 16.9 February 32.2 21.5 81 61 10.3 March 34.8 23.3 77 62 4.5 April 37.6 25.9 71 65 12.5 May 39.6 28.0 63 55 37.3 June 38.1 28.2 64 50 39.3 July 35.8 26.8 71 56 83.2 August 35.2 26.5 71 57 91.1 September 35.0 26.1 74 63 102.4 October 32.5 24.8 81 73 264.4 November 29.9 22.7 85 75 285.6 December 28.9 21.0 87 72 83.3 Reference: IMD Nellore Temperature: The maximum mean temperature recorded is 39.6ºC in May and the minimum mean temperature is 20.1ºC in January.

Relative Humidity: The relative humidity is comparatively high and fairly uniform throughout the year. The maximum mean relative humidity is 87% in December and the minimum mean relative humidity is 50% in June.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Rainfall: The region of Nellore district receives an annual rainfall of 1030.8 mm. The region also receives rain from the occasional low-pressure systems developing during the post monsoon and pre-monsoon season.

3.4.2 Winds A weather station was installed near the site for hourly monitoring of temperature, humidity & wind velocity for the month of November 2020 to January 2021. Average data is given below:

Table 3.2 Micro meteorological data at site S. No. Parameters Nov.20 Dec.20 Jan.21 1 Temperature (0C) Maximum 34.50 31.30 34.00 Minimum 20.80 20.80 19.30 Average 26.96 25.03 24.92 2 Relative Humidity (%) Maximum 94.20 99.00 95.20 Minimum 46.90 52.00 40.90 Average 76.26 78.00 75.23 3 Wind Speed (m/s) Maximum 5.92 5.94 6.00 Minimum 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average 2.23 2.01 2.35 4 Wind Direction (%) E 10.14 8.06 9.95 ENE 4.58 13.04 5.78 ESE 1.94 8.20 3.49 N 3.06 4.97 2.02 NE 23.33 21.77 12.50 NNE 5.97 5.65 3.90 NNW 3.75 6.72 4.03 NW 16.67 10.75 7.26 S 0.97 1.21 12.90 SE 1.81 4.44 4.84 SSE 0.69 1.21 6.99 SSW 0.97 0.54 3.23 SW 3.19 0.81 3.76 W 3.61 0.40 2.02 WNW 5.69 2.55 2.69 WSW 2.08 0.40 1.61 CALM 11.53 9.27 13.04

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Fig. 3.1 Wind rose diagram for the month of November’ 2020- January’ 2021

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3.5.1 Selection of Sampling Locations: To assess the baseline ambient air quality a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network was established. Air quality monitoring study was carried out during post-monsoon season (i.e. November 2020 to January 2021) within 10km radius of the project site. The ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected after a brief study based on the following considerations  Meteorological conditions  Topography of the study area  Predominant wind direction  Emission sources  Receptors sensitivity

Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The locations of the sampling stations are given in the Table 3.4 and the same are also show in the Fig 3.2.

3.5.2 Methodology of Sampling and Analysis Air samples collected were tested for the following parameters

 PM10

 PM2.5

 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)  Oxides of Nitrogen ( NOx)  Free silica

The sampling and analysis of ambient air quality parameters was carried out as per the procedures detailed in relevant parts of IS: 5182 (Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality Test Methods). The methods used for determining the above mentioned parameters and furnished in the Table 3.3.

3.5.3 Frequency of Sampling: 24 hrly samples for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and free silica were collected from each station, at a frequency of twice a week for the pre-monsoon season.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Table 3.3 Techniques and detectable limits for Ambient air quality monitoring S. No. Parameter Technique Technical Protocol Minimum Detectable Limit (g/m3) Respirable Dust 1 PM10 Sampler (Gravimetric IS-5182 (Part-IV) 5.0 method) Fine Particulate Gravimetric, 2 PM Sampler (Gravimetric 5.0 2.5 TEOM method) Sulphur Modified West and 3 IS-5182 (Part-II) 4.0 dioxide Gaeke Oxides of 4 Jacob &Hochheiser IS-5182 (Part-VI) 4.0 Nitrogen OSHA (0142) Personal Respirable 5 Free Silica (Occupational Safety and 3.5 Dust Sampler Health Administration)

Table 3.4 Location of Ambient air quality monitoring stations Direction Distance Latitude and Station from w.r.t Environmental S.No Location Longitude Code Project Project Setting

Site Site 14°16'53.30"N Mine Area 1 Project site A1 - - 79°38'33.81"E 14°16'22.37"N Residential Area 2 Sankurathripalli A2 SW 2.6 79°37'1.76"E 14°15'10.35"N Residential Area 3 Gandurupalli A3 SW 5.5 79°35'49.39"E 14°14'6.96"N Residential Area 4 Galikapadu A4 SSW 5.8 79°36'37.54"E 14°17'21.95"N Residential Area 5 Thatipalle A5 W 2.9 79°37'5.58"E 14°16'11.85"N Residential Area 6 Munagapadu A6 SSE 1.0 79°38'47.47"E 14°18'20.89"N Residential Area 7 Duggunta A7 NE 3.1 79°39'29.16"E 14°17'49.14"N Residential Area 8 Talapur A8 NE 5.7 79°41'35.83"E

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Fig.3.2 Location of Ambient air quality station

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Table 3.5 Summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study area 3 3 3 3 Parameter PM10 (µg/m ) PM2.5 (µg/m ) SO2 (µg/m ) NOx (µg/m )

Monitoring Station percentile percentile percentile percentile

th th th th No.of samples Maximum Minimum 98 No. samples of Maximum Minimum 98 No.of samples Maximum Minimum 98 No.of samples Maximum Minimum 98

A1 26 71.0 56.0 70.5 26 38.1 25.8 37.8 26 13.1 9.7 13.0 26 13.5 11.6 13.4

A2 26 49.7 36.1 49.1 26 23.7 12.6 18.2 26 8.7 6.2 8.6 26 9.2 7.7 9.1

A3 26 67.0 52.0 66.5 26 36.4 23.4 35.8 26 12.4 9.2 12.3 26 12.8 11.1 12.7

A4 26 55.7 42.2 55.6 26 29.4 17.9 28.5 26 10.5 7.9 10.4 26 10.8 9.4 10.7

A5 26 51.9 38.2 51.3 26 25.4 14.8 24.6 26 9.3 6.6 9.2 26 9.6 8.2 9.5

A6 26 63.0 49.0 62.5 26 33.4 22.1 32.6 26 11.9 8.9 11.8 26 12.1 10.6 12.0

A7 26 53.5 40.1 53.2 26 27.1 16.5 26.3 26 9.8 7.3 9.7 26 10.2 8.6 10.1

A8 26 58.0 45.0 58.0 26 31.6 19.8 30.6 26 11.6 8.2 11.4 26 11.6 9.9 11.5

NAAQS 100(µg/m3) 60(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3) 80(µg/m3)

Note: Free Silica was also monitored at all locations during the study period and was found to be Below Detectable limit

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA 98 Percentile of PM10 (µg/m3) 120

100

80 70.5 66.5 62.5 55.6 58.0 60 49.1 51.3 53.2

Concentrations 20

PM10 0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Sampling Locations

PM10 (µg/m3) NAAQS

98 Percentile of PM2.5 (µg/m3) 70.0

60.0

50.0 37.8 40.0 35.8 32.6 28.5 30.6 30.0 24.6 26.3 18.2 20.0 PM2.5 Concentrations 10.0

0.0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Sampling Locations

PM2.5 (ug/m3) NAAQS

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA

98 Percentile of SO2 (µg/m3) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0

ncentrations 40.0 30.0 SO2 Co 20.0 13.0 12.3 11.8 8.6 10.4 9.2 9.7 11.4 10.0 0.0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Sampling Locations SO2 (ug/m3) NAAQS

98 Percentile of NOx (µg/m3) 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0

NOx ConcentrationsNOx 20.0 13.4 12.7 9.1 10.7 9.5 12.0 10.1 11.5 10.0 0.0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Sampling Locations NOx (ug/m3) NAAQS

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.5.4 Existing Ambient Air Quality On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study are it is evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified limits of CPCB. The results are summarized below:

3 PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 71.0µg/m was observed in the ambient air

was recorded at station A1 while the lowest PM10concentration was found to be 3 36.1µg/m at A2. All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the specified limit of 100 µg/m3.

3 PM2.5: The highest PM2.5 concentration 38.1µg/m was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A1 while the lowest PM2.5concentration was found to be 3 12.6µg/m at A2. All the monitored values of PM2.5 are well below the specified limit of 60 µg/m3.

3 SO2: The highest SO2 concentration 13.1µg/m was observed in the ambient air was 3 recorded at station A1 while the lowest SO2 concentration was found to be 6.2µg/m 3 at A2. All the monitored values of SO2 are well below the specified limit of 80 µg/m .

NOx: The highest NOx concentration 13.5µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A1 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 7.7µg/m3 at A2. All the monitored values of NOx are well below the specified limit of 80µg/m3.

Silica: Free Silica was also monitored at all locations during the study period and was found to be Below Detectable limit.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT The water resources, both surface and groundwater play an important role in the development of the area. Likewise, the water resources of the area have been studied to establish the current status of water quality in the area. The parameters of prime importance were selected under physical, chemical inorganic, chemical organic and heavy metal groups. Water samples from ground and surface water sources were collected. The water samples were collected in pretreated sampling cans and transported to laboratory for analysis. Due care was taken during sampling & transportation of these samples.

3.6.1 Surface Water and Ground Water Quality Assessment In order to assess water quality impacts surface water and ground water samples are collected from the surrounding villages. The samples analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters to know the contamination levels as per the IS Standards. 1. Ground water quality --- IS 10500-2012 2. Surface/canal/sea water quality --- IS 2296

3.6.2. Selection of Sampling Locations Sampling locations were selected on basis of:  Drainage pattern  Location of residential areas respecting different activities  Likely areas those can represent baseline conditions

Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area.

The samples were analyzed in accordance with “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater Analysis” published by APHA.

3.6.3 Sampling Techniques Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 Standard operating procedures (SOP) for water sampling Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation pH Grab sampling 50 ml On site analysis Plastic /glass container Electrical Grab sampling 50 ml On site parameter Conductivity Plastic /glass container Total suspended Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, solids Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days Total Dissolved Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration, Solids Plastic /glass container can be stored for 7 days BOD Grab sampling 500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs Plastic /glass container

Hardness Grab sampling 100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2, Plastic /glass container refrigeration; 6 months Chlorides Grab sampling 50 ml Not required; 28 days Plastic /glass container Sulphates Grab sampling 100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days Plastic /glass container Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days

Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2, refrigeration, 28 days

Heavy Metals Plastic/ Glass rinse with 500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to (As, Cd, Mn, Cu, 1+1 HNO3 pH>2; Grab sample; 6 Fe, Zn, Pb etc.) months Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA (American Public Health Association) 23rd Edition 2017

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6.4 Analytical Techniques The analytical techniques used for water analysis is given in the Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 Analytical techniques for water analysis Parameter Method pH APHA-4500-H+ Colour APHA-2120 C Odour IS: 3025, Part-4 Temperature APHA-2550 B Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B Turbidity APHA-2130 B Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl- Fluorides APHA-4500 F- Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D Total hardness APHA-2340 C -2 Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4 Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn Boron APHA-4500 B Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D Alkalinity APHA-2320 B Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA (American Public Health Association) 23rd Edition 2017

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6.5 Water Sampling Stations The locations of the water samples collected in the study area are furnished hereunder Table 3.8 Water Sampling Stations

Direction bearing Distance from Latitude & Source of Code Station w.r.t Project Site Project Site (km) Longitude collection 14°16'9.70"N GW1 Munagapadu SSE 0.8 Ground water 79°38'46.07"E 14°16'23.99"N GW2 Sankurathripalli SW 2.6 Ground water 79°37'0.83"E 14°14'44.09"N GW3 Munagalala SSE 3.7 Ground water 79°38'59.42"E 14°14'6.84"N GW4 Galikapadu SSW 5.8 Ground water 79°36'38.66"E 14°15'3.53"N GW5 Perumallapadu SE 6.5 Ground water 79°41'49.69"E 14°17'20.91"N GW6 Thatipalli W 2.6 Ground water 79°37'3.76"E 14°18'17.89"N GW7 Duggunta NE 3.1 Ground water 79°39'30.89"E 14°17'51.34"N GW8 Talapur NE 5.7 Ground water 79°41'36.62"E Munagapadu 14°16'14.79"N SW1 SSE 1.0 Surface water cheruvu 79°38'49.44"E 14°15'56.36"N SW2 Teluguganga canal SW 2.6 Surface water 79°37'15.57"E 14°17'55.18"N SW3 Talapur Cheruvu NE 6.3 Surface water 79°41'56.11"E 14°16'21.99"N SW4 Peneru River SSE 5.9 Surface water 79°41'54.86"E

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Fig.3.3 Water sampling locations

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6.6 Ground Water Quality of the Study Area The summarized analysis results of the ground water quality in the study area are given in the below table Table 3.9 Ground water quality results S.No. PARAMETER UNIT GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS:10500-Standards Acceptable Permissibl e 1. Color Hazen < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 5 15 2. Temperature of Water 0C 24.6 25.5 25.1 25.6 25.3 24.9 25.2 25.8 - - 3. pH - 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.3 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 4. Turbidity NTU 0.26 0.22 0.2 0.29 0.25 0.24 0.28 0.31 1 5 5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1006 1016 964 1073 986 965 1034 1119 500 2000 6. Total alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/l 796 842 824 941 844 832 876 822 200 600 7. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l 179 148 142 198 171 158 196 224 300 600 8. Chlorides as Cl mg/l 199 161 159 204 186 151 198 222 250 1000 9. Calcium as Ca mg/l 61.6 55.8 53.9 76.4 60.4 58.3 65.8 82.5 75 200 10. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 7.4 7.1 7 8.6 7.3 7.1 7.9 8.8 30 100 11. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.62 0.5 0.46 0.62 0.49 0.46 0.55 0.68 1.0 1.5 12. Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 1.9 1.5 1.3 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.6 45 45 13. Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 61.9 56.5 54.8 66.5 60.2 58.3 64.5 70.4 200 400 14. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.05 15. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 0.003 16. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.05 1.5 17. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 0.01 18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.12 0.1 0.09 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.3 0.3 19. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.3 20. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.21 0.17 0.15 0.26 0.19 0.18 0.24 0.28 5.0 15.0 21. Dissolved phosphates mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - - 22. Phenolic Compounds as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.002 3 - 18

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

C6H5OH 23. Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 - - 24. E. Coli MPN/100 ml Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Not Shall not be Shall not be Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected detectable detectable MPN/100 ml Shall not be Shall not be 25. Total Coliforms 40 50 60 60 40 40 50 60 detectable detectable ND - Not Detected

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6.7 Summary of Groundwater quality:  The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per IS: 10500 is 6.5 to 8.5. During the study period, the pH of the groundwater was found varying between 7.2 and7.5. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the acceptable limits.

 The desirable limit for total dissolved solids as per IS: 10500 is 500 milligrams per liter (mg/l) where as the permissible limits in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l. In groundwater samples collected from the study area, the total dissolved solids (TDS) were found to be varying between 964mg/l and 1119mg/l. The TDS of all the samples were below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.

 The desirable limit for Chloride is 250 mg/l as per IS:10500 where as the permissible limit of the same is 1,000 mg/l. The Chloride levels in the groundwater samples collected in the study area were ranging from 151 – 222mg/l

 The desirable limit as per IS:10500 for hardness is 300 mg/l where as the permissible limit for the same is 600mg/l. In the groundwater samples collected from the study area, the hardness was found to be varying from 142mg/l to 224mg/l.

 Fluoride is the other important parameter, which has the desirable limit of 1 mg/l and permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l. In the groundwater samples of study area the fluoride values were found to be within a range of 0.46mg/l to 0.68mg/l.

 All the heavy metals in all samples were found to be below the permissible limits.

An overview of the results obtained reveals that none of parameters were found above the permissible limits of IS: 10500 Drinking Water Standards.

3.6.8. Surface Water Quality of the Study Area The water in the region (surface water) has been compared with respect to the Drinking water Quality Standards as IS: 10500 and IS: 2296. The summarized 3 - 20

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

analysis of results of the surface water quality in the study area are given in the below table 3.10. Table 3.10 Surface Water Quality of the Study Area S.No. IS:2296 - PARAMETER UNIT SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 Standards 1. Color Hazen <1 <1 <1 <1 - 2. Odour - Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable - 3. Turbidity Ntu 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.4 - 4. pH - 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.50 – 8.50 5. Temperature 0C 25.1 25.5 25 25.4 - 6. Electrical Conductivity mmhos/cm 392 421 408 401 - 7. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 238 266 261 253 1500 8. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 15 22 17 20 - 9. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 99 115 106 101 - 10. Total Hardness as mg/l 96 119 112 101 - 11. Calcium as Ca mg/l 17.9 22.5 20.3 19.8 - 12. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 12.4 14.9 13.8 13.6 - 13. Chloride as Cl mg/l 53.8 60.4 58.4 55.2 - 14. Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 11.4 13.8 13.5 12.6 - 15. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 - 16. Iron as Fe mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 - 17. Hexavalent Chromium as mg/l 0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Cr6+ 18. Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.005 19. Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.05 20. Zinc as Zn mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 15 21. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01 22. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 1.5 23. Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.1 24. Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5.0 25. Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 - 26. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 - 27. Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 - 28. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.7 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.0 min 29. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 2.8 3.9 3.6 3.4 - 30. Biochemical Oxygen mg/l 3.0 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 Demand 31. Total Kjheldhal Nitrogen mg/l < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 - 32. Free Ammonical Nitrogen mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 - 33. Oil & Grease mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 - 34. E. Coli MPN/100 ml Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 35. Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml 680 750 730 710 5000

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.6.9. Surface water quality results are summarized below:  pH of the surface water collected was neutral with pH ranging from 7.3 -7.6  TDS was found to be 238mg/l to 266mg/l. The tolerance limit of 1,500 mg/l as per IS:2296  Total hardness was found to be 96mg/l to 119mg/l  Presence of Nitrate was recorded as 1.3mg/l to 1.7mg/l  DO was observed as 6.1mg/l to 6.7mg/l  Total coliform in water was 680 MPN/100ml to 750 MPN/100ml The likely source of bacteriological contamination was due to the proximity to residential area  All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits.

3.7 SOIL QUALITY 3.7.1 Selection of sampling locations For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing overall soil conditions around the project site. The study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future for identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the project. The sampling locations have been identified with following objectives.

a) To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area b) To determine the impact of the project activities on soil characteristics

3.7.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques Five sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected and analyzed once in pre-monsoon season.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico- chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table 3.11

Table 3.11 Analytical techniques for soil analysis Parameter Method (ASTM number) Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration pH pH meter (D 1293-84) Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82) Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84) Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82) Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Sodium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Calcium IS:2720 Magnesium IS:2720 Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)

3.7.3 Details of Soil Sampling Locations The soil sampling locations and distance from project are mentioned below Table 3.12 Soil sampling locations Direction Location/ Distance from Latitude and Code Bearing Villages Project Site(km) Longitude w.r.t Project Site 14°16'52.08"N S1 Project site - - 79°38'35.13"E 14°16'24.65"N S2 Sankurathripalli SW 2.63 79°37'0.68"E 14°15'15.86"N S3 Munagalala SE 3.73 79°35'52.98"E 14°14'6.66"N S4 Galikapadu SW 6.0 79°36'39.24"E 14°17'45.04"N S5 Duggunta N 1.53 79°38'37.39"E

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Fig.3.4 Soil sampling locations

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.7.4. Soil Analysis Results in the Study Area The summarized analysis results of the soil samples in the study area are presented in the Table 3.13. Table 3.13 Soil analysis results

S.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 1. pH (1:5) Aq Extract -- 7.4 7.8 7.2 6.9 7.4 2. Conductivity  mhos 291 309 303 309 297 (1:5 Aq Extract) /cm 3. Texture 34.5 32.9 33.4 35.1 34.9 (a) Sand 28.4 29.5 27.7 25.4 26.4 (b) Silt % 37.1 37.6 38.9 39.5 38.7 (c) Clay 3 4. Bulk Density gm/cm 110 128 116 121 108 5. Moisture Content % 10.9 12.7 13.4 9.9 11.6 6. Available Nitrogen as N kg/ha 55 69 63 66 58 7. Available Phosphorous as P kg/ha 37.1 42.4 41.8 42.2 40.1 8. Available Potassium as K kg/ha 121 148 136 142 130 9. Exchangeable Sodium as Na mg/kg 51 65 58 62 54 10. Exchangeable Calcium as Ca mg/kg 291 322 311 318 302 11. Exchangeable Magnesium as mg/kg Mg 439 476 458 468 449 12. Water Soluble Chlorides as Cl mg/kg 221 249 231 240 226 13. Water Soluble Sulphates as mg/kg SO4 41 56 49 54 46 14. Organic matter % 0.46 0.65 0.57 0.59 0.51 15. Organic Carbon % 0.22 0.38 0.29 0.36 0.26

3.7.5 Summary of Soil Analysis Data The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are summarized below.  The normal range of pH in the soils is 6.0 to 8.5. The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.9 to 7.8 indicating that the soils are falling in neutral soil. 3 - 25

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 Nitrogen encourages the vegetative development of plants by imparting a healthy green color to the leaves. The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 55 to 69 kg/ha. This is less for crops when compared with soil standards.

 Phosphorus influences the vigour of plants and improves the quality of crops. In the study area available, Phosphorus was found in varying quantities of 37.1 to 42.4 kg/ha. This is medium sufficient level when compared to soil standards.

 Potassium enhances the ability of the plants to resist diseases, insect attacks, cold and other adverse conditions. The available potassium in the study area varies between 121 to 148 kg/ha. This is less level for crops.

 Organic Carbon in the study area ranges from 0.22 to 0.38%. This is less level for cultivation of crops.

Based on the above results, the soils in the region are average fertile enough for cultivation of crops.

3.7.6 Standard Soil Classification

S.No Soil Test Classification 1. pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline >9.00 very strongly alkaline 2. Electrical Conductivity Upto 1.00 Average (ppm) (1ppm = 640 µmhos) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3. Organic Carbon Upto 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less

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0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4. Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5. Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6. Potassium (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi

3.8 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations Noise at different generating sources has identified based on the activities in the village area and the noise at sensitive areas. A detailed survey on noise environment was carried in and around the project site to study the levels of noise, as the high dB (A) levels may cause adverse effect on human beings and associated environment, including structures, domestic animals and natural ecological systems. The locations were identified keeping in view the land use pattern and environmental setting Spot noise levels were measured using a precision noise level meter at project site and residential areas in all eight locations were covered with in study zone.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.8.2 Methodology The monitoring was carried out at each location for a period of 24hrs, once in each season. The locations were identified keeping in view the land use pattern and environmental setting. The day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and the night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The Ld, Ln and Ldn were calculated based on the hourly Leq values. Spot noise levels were measured using a precision noise level meter at residential areas and mine area, in all five locations which were covered with in study zone. The noise levels include vehicular movement and local activities.

Noise levels were recorded for every 15minutes in a clock hour for a continuous 24-hour period at all locations.

3.8.3 Noise Monitoring Locations The noise monitoring locations along with their distance from project are mentioned in the below Table 3.14.

Table 3.14 Noise monitoring locations Direction Distance Station Latitude and Environmental S.No Location from w.r.t Code Longitude Setting Project Site Project Site 14°16'53.30"N 1. Project site N1 - - Industrial Area 79°38'33.81"E 14°16'22.37"N 2. Sankurathripalli N2 SW 2.6 Residential Area 79°37'1.76"E 14°15'10.35"N 3. Gandurupalli N3 SW 5.5 Residential Area 79°35'49.39"E 14°14'6.96"N 4. Galikapadu N4 SSW 5.8 Residential Area 79°36'37.54"E 14°17'21.95"N 5. Thatipalle N5 W 2.9 Residential Area 79°37'5.58"E 14°16'11.85"N 6. Munagapadu N6 SSE 1.0 Residential Area 79°38'47.47"E 14°18'20.89"N 7. Duggunta N7 NE 3.1 Residential Area 79°39'29.16"E 14°17'49.14"N 8. Talapur N8 NE 5.7 Residential Area 79°41'35.83"E

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.8.4 Description of Locations: N1 – the location has been selected to assess noise levels in the project site. N2 , N3, N4, N5, N6, N7 and N8 – the locations have been selected to assess noise levels near to the project in residential areas with light Vehicular Movement.

3.8.5 Noise Levels in the Study Area The noise level monitored during the study period is given in the form of Lday, Lnight and Ldn are given below & compared with CPCB Standards.

Table 3.15 Noise levels in the study area

Environmental Location Code Lday Lnight Setting N1 Project site 44.4 33.9 N2 Residential 51.4 43.9 N3 Residential 47.8 37.1 N4 Residential 51.4 40.7 N5 Residential 57.1 45.6 N6 Residential 45.9 35.5 N7 Residential 49.6 38.9 N8 Residential 53.6 42.0

CPCB norms for Noise levels

Location Leq for Day Leq for Night Industrial 75 70 Residential 55 45

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Fig 3.5 Noise monitoring locations

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS IN THE STUDY AREA

Equivalent Noise Day Time Leq dB(A) 80.0 70.0 57.1 60.0 51.4 51.4 53.6 47.8 49.6 50.0 44.4 45.9 40.0 ise Levels ise 30.0 No 20.0 10.0 0.0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 Sampling Locations Leq Day Residential Industrial

Equivalent Noise NightTime Leq dB(A)

80.0 70.0 60.0

50.0 43.9 45.6 40.7 42.0 37.1 38.9 40.0 33.9 35.5 30.0 Noise Levels Noise 20.0 10.0 0.0 N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 Sampling Locations Leq Night Residential Industrial

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3.9 LAND USE/ LAND COVER Land use Land Cover map is prepared by adopting interpretation techniques of the image classification. Image classification has been done by using supervised classification of satellite images by running an training sample manage based on colours, various activities has been included in the preparation of Land Use Land Cover Maps such as Satellite Image/Data Acquisition, Preprocessing, Rectification, Ground Truthing etc., Satellite Images are processed and producing LULC maps are being done by using Arc GIS 10.6.

The basic purpose of land use pattern and classification in an EIA study is to identify the manner in which different parts of land area is utilized or not utilized. Remote sensing data provides reliable accurate baseline information for land use mapping as it is a rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information of over a large geological area.

Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play an imperative role in identifying susceptible issues and to take appropriate action to uphold ecological equilibrium in the region. The main objective of this section is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 km radius around the proposed plant site so that temporal changes due to the industrial activities on the surroundings can be assessed in future.

The objectives of Land use Pattern are to:  Determine the present Land use pattern  Analyze the impacts on Land use due to the proposed project in the study area  Study area with proposed unit as epicentre 10 km radius from the core area is considered for land use study.

3.9.1 Methodology: The overall methodology (Fig 3.6) adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the present study involves the following:  Procurement of Satellite images.

 Collection of source data of Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. These are the main inputs for the preparation of essential layers

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

 Atmospheric and Radiometric corrections of Satellite data by using nearest neighborhood resampling technique

 Preparation of basic themes like layout map, transport & settlement map and contour map from the source data. Then updating of layout map, transport map and drainage map from the satellite image by visual interpretation

 Performing image analysis in ArcGIS and Extraction of whole satellite image into study area, processing and producing various maps such as LULC, Contour Maps, Digital Elevation Maps, Drainage Maps

 Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps.

Procurement of Satellite Data SOI

Image Analysis

Processing of Satellite Images (Radiometric & Atmospheric

Extraction of Study

Processing and Producing Various Maps

Ground Truthing

Classification of Accuracy Assessment

Necessary Corrections and Finalizing maps Figure – 3.6 Methodology 3 - 33

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.9.2 LULC Study: The LULC Study has been done for the 10km radius area from M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers project site by using visual interpretation techniques in Arc GIS 10.6. Output of the map has been provided in 1:50000 scale, along with LULC MAP 10KM Radius False Colour Composite Map and True Colour Composite maps (Fig. 3.7 & 3.8) also provided below.

3.9.3 Interpretation The area distributions along with percentage of different land use classes are listed below table and Figure 3.9. Total study area for the proposed project is 32697.36 Ha. Major portion of the study area covered with Fallow Land 13339.64 Ha i.e., approx. 40.80%, whereas Agricultural Fields covered 8.22% of the total study area. Open Scrub and Dense Scrub covered 19.21% and 9.35% respectively. Sandy area Covered 3.97% of the total study area. Builtup area occupied 1791.75 Ha (5.48%) and water body covered 12.97% of the total study area

S.No. Classification Area, Ha Percentage, % 1 Water Body 4239.67 12.97 2 Agricultural Fields 2688.86 8.22 3 Fallow Land 13339.64 40.80 4 Open Scrub 6282.26 19.21 5 Dense Scrub 3057.67 9.35 6 Sandy Area 1297.51 3.97 7 Builtup Area 1791.75 5.48 Total 32697.36 100.00

5.48 LULC Statistics 3.97

12.97 Water Body 9.35 8.22 Agricultural Fields Fallow Land 19.21 Open Scrub 40.80 Dense Scrub Sandy Area Percentage, %

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Fig 3.7 False colour composite satellite image 3 - 35

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Fig 3.8 True colour composite satellite image 3 - 36

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Fig. 3.9 Land use/Land cover map

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3.9.4 Digital Elevation Maps

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. A DEM file can be downloaded from the ISRO Bhuvan (Cartosat Satellite) Digital Elevation maps are a type of raster GIS Layer. In a DEM each cell having a value corresponding to its elevation. By adding Hill shading tool a reader can see the relationship between terrain and other things. Digital Elevation Model or Digital Terrain Model map has been shown in the Fig 3.10.

3.9.5 Contour Map A contour line connects a series of equal elevation points, the contours have been generated in the GIS environment with reference to the mean sea level by using the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data, the elevation values has been verified. Thereafter final contour map has been prepared with combination of Toposheet and DEM ith contour interval of 10 m. In the study area highest contour observed as 260 m of MSL towards South West direction of the project site and lowest contour is 30 m of MSL towards North East direction of the project site. With reference to the above minimum and contour levels it represents that the study area is undulated in nature. Contour Map for the proposed project study area has been shown in the Fig 3.11.

3.9.6 Drainage Map Drainage Map for the study area has been developed in the GIS Environment by using Digital Elevation Model. Methodology involved for producing of Drainage maps has been discussed below. Strahler method of ordering is used for developing drainage map for the study area. Based on the elevation profiles of the study area drains will be formed as First order, Second Order, Third Order and so on. Accuracy of

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

the maps has been verified by using Ground Truthing Technique. Stream Network of the study area as shown in the Figure 3.12.

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Fig. 3.10 Digital Elevation map 3 - 40

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Fig. 3.11 Contour map

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Fig. 3.12 Drainage map 3 - 42

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

3.10 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY 3.10.1 Topography The QL applied area is located on a hill raised 38 m above ground level within the lease area with topo relief of 38 m. The lowest contour is 102 m & highest contour is 140 m in the applied area. The applied area is already having 2 existing pits covered over an area of 48362 m2 & 4249 m2 at a depth of 19 m & 6 m respectively.

3.10.2 Geology The study area falls in older Meta morphic of Archaean Age consisting of granite gneisses, schists intruded by basic dykes and pegmatite reefs comprises of the following rock types, Granite gnesis, Chlorite Schist and Alluvium sand silt dominant.

Fig 3.13 Geology Map of the district

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3.10.3 Hydrogeology The district is underlain by variety of geological formations comprising from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. Hydrogeologically these formations are classified as consolidated (Hard), semi-consolidated (Soft) and unconsolidated (Soft) formations. The consolidated formations include mainly migmatised high grade metamorphic (essentially garnetiferous amphibolites & pelitic schist), low grade metamorphics (essentially amphibolites & politic schists) of Nellore schist belt, granitic gneiss and Cuddapahs (Quartzites & Shales) of Pre-cambrian period. The schist and gneisses are intruded by granites, pegmatites and basic dykes. One of the high grade mica in the world is being mined around Gudur occurs in the pegmatites. Among these consolidated formations, schists (amphibolites and pelitic schists) and gneisses occupied the major area of the district, where as the quartzites and shales of Cuddapah group are restricted to the western margin of the district.

The semi consolidated formations occur as discrete patches and are represented by Gondwana sandstones, Cuddalore sandstones and laterites of Triassic, Tertiary and Quaternary periods respectively. Gondwana sandstones occur as a small patch in the northern part of the district. Cuddalore sandstones and Laterites occur as isolated patches in the eastern margin of thedistrict. The unconsolidated formations comprise of river alluvium, coastal alluvium and wind-blown sand deposits of Quaternary period. The river alluvium occurs all along the banks of major rivers and the deltaic areas formed by Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers. The Pennar and Swarnamukhi deltas cover an area of 1470 Km2 and 415 Km2 respectively. The thickness of alluvium increases from west to east, it ranges from few meters to 150 m and 60 m in Pennar and Swarnamukhi delta areas respectively and is followed by sand stones. The coastal alluvium covers an area of 900 Km2 lie along the coast.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Fig. 3.14 Hydrogeology –SPSR Nellore district

Ground water occurs in all most all geological formations and its potential depends upon the nature of geological formations, geographical set up, incidence of rainfall, recharge and other hydrogeological characters of the aquifer. Among the consolidated formations gneisses are relatively good aquifers. Schistose formations also form potential aquifers when the wells tapping contact zones with intrusives. Quartzites and shales of Cuddapah group are of little significance from the ground water point of view as they are restricted to the hilly terrain in the western margin of the district. In the consolidated formations ground water occurs under unconfined to semi confined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells tapping weathered and fractured zones. The yield of the dug wells are in the range of 15 to 35 m3/day and reduce considerably during peak summer periods. The occurrence off ractures in these formations is limited to 40 to 60 m bgl and occasionally extends down to 70 to 80 m bgl. The bore wells in these formations generally tap the weathered and fractured zones. The yields of the bore wells generally range between 80 and 350 m3/day. The higher yields are limited to the available thickness of fractured zones.

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Among the semi-consolidated formations, laterites only form potential aquifers when their thickness is more than 8 m and without any overburden, whereas sandstones do not form potential aquifers, as these are very thin. In laterites ground water occurs under unconfined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells. The yield of these wells varies from < 1 to 2 m3/hr. Among the un-consolidated formations river alluvium i.e., in deltaic area form potential aquifers. In deltaic area ground water occurrence is controlled by landforms and also in this area a lot of heterogeneity in hydrogeological conditions exist both spatially and vertically. In the lower Pennar delta area fresh water is generally limited to a depth of 40 m, whereas in Swarnamukhi delta it is limited to 15 m. Most of the coastal alluvium aquifers are saline. Palaeo channels are favourable locations for fresh water aquifers. Wind-blown sand/ sand dunes are fresh water aquifers. Ground water occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and tube wells. The depth of dug wells ranges from 5 to 12 m, while the depth of filter point wells generally varies from 6 to 11 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 500 to 1000 m3/day. Occasionally high yields also occur in the palaeochannels The transmissivity value of the aquifers in the consolidated formations, semi-consolidated formations and unconsolidated formations generally vary from 15 to 75 m2/day, 20 to 60 m2/day and 200 to 500 m2/day respectively, whereas specific capacity ranges from 10 to 290 lpm/mdd, 140 to 270 lpm/mdd and 35 to 1000 m3/day/mdd respectively.

3.10.4 Geomorphology and Soil types Geomorphologically the district can be broadly divided into 3 distinct units, viz., western hills, central pediplains and eastern deltaic & coastal plains. The higher relief is represented by hill ranges of Eastern Ghats, in the western border of the district. These hills are locally known as Veligonda hills, run in a northwesterly direction with a highest elevation of 1,105 m amsl at Penchalakonda. The pediplain area i.e., in the central part of the district extends in a north - south direction. The general altitude of this physiographic unit varies from 36 to 170 m amsl with isolated hillocks. The master slope of the area is from west to east towards the Bay of Bengal. The deltaic and coastal plain extends from north to south along the eastern margin of the district all along the coast. Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers are the major contributors to the 3 - 46

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formation of the deltaic plains. The sandy coastal plain extends upto a distance of 5 to 6 km from sea coast. The southernmost fringe of the coastal plain is occupied by Pulicat Lake.

The predominant soils in the district are red loam, black cotton, lateritic sandy and alluvial soils. Red loam soils cover an area of more than 70% of the district except in the deltaic area. The black cotton soils constitute about 10% of the district and it is found in the southern part in isolated patches of Pennar River. Red lateritic soil occurs all along the eastern side of the district.

The alluvial soil occurs along the Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers, and also in the due north of the Pennar along the eastern margin of the district.

3.10.5 Water Levels: Water levels more than 5m bgl occur in the north western and a small area in south eastern parts of the district i.e., in the parts of Sitarampuram, Varkuntapadu, Udayagiri, Duttalur, Marripadu, Ananthasagaram, Chillakur and Kota mandals. The shallow water levels i.e., <2m bgl occur in parts of Sangam, Buchireddipalem and kovvur mandals.

The depth to water level ranges between 5 and 10 m bgl in the north western area and a limited area in the west central part of the district during post monsoon season. The shallow water levels i.e., < 2 m bgl occur in the North eastern part of the area. In the rest of the district, the water levels range between 2 to 5 m bgl.

Ground water levels fluctuate considerably in response to the recharge and draft conditions of ground water reservoir. The water table contours are almost parallel to the topographic contours and the general ground water flow direction is towards east i.e., towards the sea.

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Table 3.16 Dynamic Ground water Resources -Podalakuru

unit - S.No Mandal Sub Total annual ground Recharge water discharges Provision Natural for Net Auunal availability ground water Existing gross ground for all uses draft water Provision for domestic supplyindustrial requirement to and Net ground water availability for development future Stage of development irrigation ground Category water 1 Podala C 469 47 422 89 5 332 21 Safe kuru NC 5782 373 5409 3482 288 1865 64 Safe Total 6251 420 5831 3571 293 2197 61 Safe

3.11 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Introduction An ecological survey of the study area was conducted particularly with reference to the existing biological resources in the study area. Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter- relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components viz. physical and chemical components of the environment.

Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by naturally occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is either practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to

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its original state. Hence changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within the study area. Relevant details on aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government offices.

3.11.1 Objectives The main objectives of the biological study were:  To collect the baseline data for the study along with a description of the existing terrestrial, wetland and aquatic biodiversity.  To assess the scheduled species in the proposed site (rare, endangered, critically endangered, endemic and vulnerable).  To identify the locations and features of ecological significance  To identify the impacts of proposed project before, after and during development

Forest types Based on Champion and Seth’s classification, the forest types of SPSR Nellore district were categorised as follows: Mixed dry deciduous forest: This type of forest found in parts of reserved forests while Haldinia cordifolia is dominant at high elevations, Anogeissus latifolia, Dalbergia paniculata, Dolichandrone atrovirens dominates the foot hills. Dry deciduous forest: This type of forest is seen in the gorges, ravines and valleys of forested areas. Celtis timorensis, Trema orientalis, Atalantia monophylla, Drypetes sepiaria, Glycosmis pentaphylla are common trees in these forests. Dry evergreen forest: These forests dominated by Hardwickia binata, Anogeissus latifolia and Pterocarpus santalius. Scrub forest: These forests are common in all parts of the district. The trees like Bauhinia racemosa, Butea monosperma, Albizia amara and shrubs Acacia horrida, Carissa spinarum, Dodonaea viscosa, Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus spp are common in these forests.

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Coastal and mangrove vegetation: In these areas, Poaceae and Asteraceae dominates the coastal vegetation, halophytes like Rhizophora mucronata, Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceros corniculata are common in mangrove forests. Most of the ditches and temporary ponds are filled up with water during monsoon, in the second half of which a number of plants of the hydrophytic vegetation appear. These hydrophytes can be classified as Floating hydrophytes, Submerged hydrophytes, Emergent hydrophytes and Wetland hydrophytes.

3.11.2 Study area The core area is mined out area which is covered by scrub forest which is very much exposed due to biotic factors. There were no barren lands or grazing lands except the roadsides, Penna River and Kandaleru River banks and a few scattered hills. The isolated and scattered hills were devoid of trees. These hills were colonized mainly by Chromolaena odorata, Dodonea viscosa, Cassia auriculata, Carissa spinarum, Bekara malabarica, Catunaregam spinosa, Wrightia tinctoria, Dolichondrone falcata, Jatropha gossyphifolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Cymbopogon coloratus, Aristda setacea, Heteropogon contortus etc. Chromolaena odorata of Asteraceae and Dodonea viscosa are the most extensive, widespread, abundant and dominant in all places including the openings in plantation crops. Penna River located at a distance of 2.07 Km from proposed mine towards South East. Kandaleru Reservoir is located in the buffer zone at a distance of 5.30 Km towards the Northwest. The buffer area is 10 km radius which includes agricultural lands, plantation crops and Reserved Forests with dry deciduous forest, dense to scrub and scattered grasslands with water bodies. The study area consisting various tree species which are Terminalia lata, Terminalia arjuna, Albizia odoratissima, Cassia fistula, Syzygium cumini, Dendrocalamus strictus, Ficus benghalensis, Grewia tiliaefolia, Wrightia tinctoria and Diospyros sylvatica etc while scrub patches of plants are Acacia sps, Zizyphus sps, Randia dumetorum, Carissa carandas and a variety of other herbs and shrubs. Eucalyptus is widely spread over buffer zone.

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Forest blocks in study area The details of forest blocks in study area are presented below in the Table 3.17. Small plantations agro forestry) could also be seen in the buffer zone of the project (Leucaena leucocephala, Eucalyptus globulus, Tectona grandis).

Table 3.17. Details of the forest blocks in the study area S.No Details of forest blocks Distance (Km) Direction 1 Munagapadu RF 0.07 SW 2 Tatipalli RF 0.253 SW 3 Tummalatalupur RF 0.60 E 4 Vepinapi East Extension RF 3.75 SW 5 Potukonda RF 4.20 SW 6 Gonunarayanapalem RF 4.26 SW 7 Krishnareddipalli RF 4.30 SE 8 Tumaya RF 5.67 SW 9 Vavintaparti RF 5.74 NE 10 Duggunta RF 6.56 NE 11 Chaganam RF 6.60 SE 12 Veninapi Exntesnion RF 6.67 NW 13 Marlapudi RF 6.80 SW 14 Tanamcherla RF 7.24 NW 15 Turimerla RF 7.42 SE 16 Vutukur RF 7.44 SE 17 Vandluru RF 8.20 NW 18 Pulikoolu RF 8.35 NW 19 Podalkur RF 9.00 NE

3.11.3 Methodology Floral diversity A comprehensive list of the plant species of the study area was made based on the plant species collected during winter season by the survey teams. The species were further separated in to trees and shrubs (perennials), herbaceous species, medicinal and aquatic plants. These plants were identified with the help of Flora of Andhra Pradesh (Pullaiah et al 1997), Flora of the presidency of the Madras (Gamble and Fischer 1915-1936), Flora of Nellore district (Suryanarayana and Rao 2002) and eFloras (2014). For the purpose of calculation of Importance Value Index (IVI), quadrat sampling and line intercept methods were used for estimation of frequency, density and cover. For determination of frequency and density of herbaceous species, a nested quadrat of 1 m x 1 m was used. A total of 20 quadrats from each sampling

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locations (Table 3.18) were taken at random. However, for calculating the frequency and density of different shrubs, 20 quadrats of 5m x 5 m were used. For determination of the frequency and density of different trees 20 quadrats of 20m x 20m were taken. Density was calculated as the number per m2 in case of herbaceous plants and as number per hectare in case of trees and tree like plants. The IVI values were calculated as the sum of relative frequency, relative density and relative dominance (dominance was based on cover). Frequency, density, abundance, IVI values and the indices of diversity of the plant species in the study area including the area of submergence were determined basing on standard ecological methods (Curtis and Mc Intosh, 1950) widely used in phytosociology as outlined hereunder: Total number of quadrats in which a species occur Frequency = ------× 100 Total number of quadrats studied

Total number of individuals of a species Density = ------Total number of quadrats studied

Total number of individuals of the species occurring Abundance = ------Total number of quadrats in which the species occur

Frequency of one species Relative frequency (RF) = ------× 100 Sum of all frequencies

Number of individuals of a species Relative density (RD) = ------× 100 Total number of individuals of all species

Combined basal area of a single species Relative dominance (RDom) = ------× 100 Total basal area of all species

Importance Value Index (IVI) = RF + RD + RDom

Based on the IVI values, Shannon –Wiener Indices of Diversity and Simpson Index of dominance were calculated by using a computer progamme called “PAST”. The data collected were also used to compute community indices like species diversity (H') of

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different tree species was calculated by using the Shannon- Weiner Index (Shannon and Weiner, 1963), as such: H' = -Σ (ni/N)/ n (ni/N),

Where, ni/N, which denotes the importance probability of each species in a population, ni= Importance of value of species and N is the total number of individuals of all species in that vegetation type. Species dominance (Cd) was calculated following Simpson (Simpson, 1949): Such that Cd = Σ (ni/N)2,

Where, ni and N are the same as those for Shannon-Weiner information function.

Table 3.18. Details of sampling locations S.No. Location No of quadrats Latitude Longitude 1 Tatipalli RF 4 14°16'51.04"N 79°37'44.84"E 2 Gutti Konda 2 14°17'9.61"N 79°38'15.73"E 3 Tummalatalupur RF 2 14°16'37.95"N 79°40'12.19"E 4 Krishnareddipalli RF 3 14°13'33.18"N 79°36'29.34"E 5 Varavadi Konda 2 14°20'37.97"N 79°39'51.06"E 6 Marella Konda 3 14°18'17.57"N 79°37'10.71"E 7 Potukonda RF 4 14°13'30.84"N 79°36'25.32"E

Faunal diversity A linear transect of 1 km each was chosen for sampling at each site. Each transect was trekked for 1.5 hr for the sampling of faunal diversity through following methods for different categories. For the sampling of butterflies, the standard ‘Pollard walk’ method was employed and all the species that could not be identified in the field were collected using a butterfly net besides photographing them. For bird’s sampling ‘point sampling’ along the fixed transect (foot trails) was carried out. All the species of birds were observed through a binocular and identified with the help of field guide book and photographs. For the sampling of mammals, direct count on open width (20m) transect was used. In addition, information on recent sightings/records of mammals by the villagers/locals was also collected. For carnivores, indirect sampling was carried out and the mammals wee identified by foot marks, faeces and other marks/sign created by them. In case of reptiles mainly lizards were sampled by direct count on open width transects.

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The study of fauna takes substantial amount of time to understand the specific faunal characteristics of area. The assessment of fauna has been done by extensive field survey of the area. During survey, the presence of wildlife was also inhabitants depending on animal sightings and frequency of their visits in the project area which was later confirmed from forest department, Wildlife department etc. The survey of both floral and faunal elements of core and buffer zone were assessed as per the following sampling techniques:

Table 3.19. Mode of data collection and parameters considered during the survey S.No. Aspect Data Mode of data Parameters Remarks collection monitored 1 Terrestrial Primary By field survey Flora and For floral diversity: Biodiversity data faunal Random survey, collection diversity Sampling survey/ Forest inventory, walking transect, collection and identification with the help of relevant literature. For faunal diversity: Direct and indirect sampling, walking transect, point sampling and nest sampling etc. 2 Secondary From authentic Floral, Data collected from the data sources like vegetation and working plan of the collection published forest types region, forest types literature and studied from from the authentic Forest Flora of literature of Vegetation Department of Nellore district types of India Andhra Pradesh and Flora of (Champion and Seth)

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published Andhra Flora of Andhra literature from Pradesh. Pradesh (Pullaiah et al). BSI and ZSI etc. 3 Aquatic Primary By field survey Floral and For plankton study- Biodiversity data faunal Lackey’s drops method diversity and light microscope For other aquatic – Random survey, opportunistic observations Secondary From authentic Flora of Desktop literature data sources like AP Nellore district review to identify the collection Forest and Flora of representative spectrum department and Andhra of threatened species, Fisheries Pradesh. population and department Phytoplankton, ecological Zooplankton communities. and aquatic fauna.

Protected areas such as Wildlife sanctuaries, National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Marine Sanctuaries do not exist in the core and around 10 km radius buffer zone of the existing M/s Bhagavan Stone Crusher existing site. Plant enumeration The core zone of the study area is mine lease area. The lease area is having very few tree species. Apart from few tree species some grasses and shrubs observed. The species which are observed nearby lease area are Randia dumetorum, Azadirachta indica, Dichrostachys cinerea, Tephrosia purpurea, Calotropis gigantea, Acacia nilotica, Cleome viscosa and Ziziphus oenoplea. The list of plant species in core are given in Table 3.20.

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Table 3.20. Flora enumerated from Core zone of the proposed mining site S.No. Botanical name Vernacular name Family Habit 1 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Wild. Tella tumma Mimosaceae Tree 2 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Nallathumma Mimosaceae Tree 3 Acalypha indica L. Muripindi Euphorbiaceae Herb 4 Achyranthes aspera L. Duchena Amaranthaceae Herb 5 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Pindikura Amaranthaceae Herb 6 Allophyllus serratus (Roxb.) Kurz Guvva gutti Sapindaceae Shrub 7 Alternanthera tenella Colla Mullu ponnaganti Amaranthaceae Herb 8 Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Amera Fabaceae Herb 9 Apluda mutica L. Adavikorregaddi Poaceae Grass 10 Aristida adscensionis L. Katle gaddi Poaceae Grass 11 Aristida setacea Trin. & Rupr. Cheepurugaddi Poaceae Grass 12 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Vepa Meliaceae Tree 13 Benkara malabarica (Lam.) Tiven. Pedda manga Rubiaceae Shrub 14 Boerhavia erecta L. Kanne komali Nyctaginaceae Herb 15 Brachiaria reptans (L.) Poaceae Grass C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb 16 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Jilledu Asclepiadaceae Shrub 17 Calotropis procera (Aiton) Jilledu Asclepiadaceae Climber Dryand. 18 Carissa spinarum L. Vaka Apocynaceae Climber 19 Cassia auriculata L. Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 20 Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Manga Rubiaceae Shrub Tirveng. 21 Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Nimma Rutaceae Tree 22 Corchorus trilocularis L. Bankitutturu Tiliaceae Herb 23 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Nimmagaddi Poaceae Grass 24 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Gariki Poaceae Grass 25 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight Veluthuru Mimosaceae Tree & Arn. 26 Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Erragatha Ebenaceae Tree 27 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Tuniki Ebenaceae Tree 28 Eragrostis minor Host Goobbai gaddi Poaceae Grass 29 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Kampurotta Asteraceae Shrub King & H. Rob. 30 Galactia tenuiflora (Willd.) Wight Fabaceae Herb & Arn. 31 Gmelina asiatica L. Chiru gummudu Verbenaceae Shrub 32 Gomphrena globosa L. Globe Amaranth Amaranthaceae Herb 33 Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex Tedlapala Apocynaceae Shrub G.Don 3 - 56

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34 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Sirnatulasi Lamiaceae Shrub 35 Ichnocarpus fruitiscens (L.) R.Br. Nalla teega Apocynaceae Climber 36 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Darbhagaddi Poaceae Grass 37 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Nepalam Euphorbiaceae Tree 38 Justicia prostrata Gamble Acanthaceae Herb 39 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Ippa Sapotaceae Tree 40 Mimosa pudica L. Attipatti Mimosaceae Herb 41 Mukia maderaspatana (L.) Pottibudamu Cucurbitaceae Climber M.Roem. 42 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Tulasi Lamiaceae Shrub 43 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Nagajemudu Cactaceae Shrub 44 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Eetha Arecaceae Tree 45 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Mosalipappu Verbenaceae Shrub 46 Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Naleusiri Euphorbiaceae Herb Thonn. 47 Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam. Manga Rubiaceae Shrub 48 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Nela alumu Fabaceae Climber 49 Tephrosia procumbens (Ham.) Vempali Fabaceae Herb Benth. 50 Tragia involucrata L. Duradagondi Euphorbiaceae Herb 51 Trianthema portulacastrum L. Galijeru Aizoaceae Herb 52 Urena lobata L. Nallabenda Malvaceae Herb 53 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Sahadevi Asteraceae Herb 54 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Lythraceae Shrub 55 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. Ankudu Apocynaceae Tree 56 Ziziphus mauritiana Mill. Regu Rhamnaceae Tree 57 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Miller Parimi Rhamnaceae Climber 58 Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Gacha Rhamnaceae Tree

The structure and composition of vegetation in the buffer zone was studied by visual observations during the site visit. The buffer zone of 10km radius area composed hilly area, agriculture fields, barren lands, plantations and human habitation. No parks and sanctuaries exist within 10 km of the lease area. The list of plant species in core are given in Table 3.21. Table 3.21. Flora enumerated from buffer zone of the proposed mining site S.No. Botanical name Vernacular name Family Habit 1 Abrus precatorius L. Gurivinda Fabaceae Climber 2 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Tutturabenda Malvaceae Shrub 3 Acacia auriculiformis Benth. Mimosaceae Tree

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

4 Acacia caesia (L.) Will. Korintha Mimosaceae Climber 5 Acacia chundra (Rottler) Willd. Sundra Mimosaceae Tree 6 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Wild. Tella tumma Mimosaceae Tree 7 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Nallathumma Mimosaceae Tree 8 Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Guba korintha Mimosaceae Climber 9 Acalypha ciliata Wall. Euphorbiaceae Herb 10 Acalypha indica L. Muripindi Euphorbiaceae Herb 11 Achyranthes aspera L. Duchena Amaranthaceae Herb 12 Actiniopteris radiata (Koenig ex Mayurasiki Pteridaceae Fern Sw.) Link 13 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa Maredu Rutaceae Tree 14 Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. Ex Amaranthacea Herb Schult. 15 Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Pindikura Amaranthaceae Herb 16 Aeschynomene aspera Willd. Jilugu Fabaceae Shrub 17 Aganosma heynei (Spreng.) ined. Paalamalle Apocynaceae Climber 18 Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Sahadevi Asteraceae Herb 19 Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Uduga Alangiaceae Tree 20 Albizia amara (Roxb.) B.Boivin Chikreni Mimosaceae Tree 21 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck.) Merr. Nallaregi Mimosaceae Tree 22 Albizia lebbeck L. (Benth.) Dirisena Mimosaceae Tree 23 Allamanda cathartica L. Apocynaceae Tree 24 Allophyllus serratus (Roxb.) Kurz Guvva gutti Sapindaceae Shrub 25 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Katabanda Liliaceae Herb 26 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Yedakulapala Apocynaceae Herb 27 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. Ponnagantikura Amaranthacea Herb Ex DC 28 Alternanthera tenella Colla Mullu ponnaganti Amaranthaceae Herb 29 Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Amera Fabaceae Herb 30 Amaranthus spinosus L. Mullathotakura Amaranthacea Herb 31 Amaranthus viridis L. Thotakura Amaranthaceae Herb 32 Ammannia baccifera L. Agnivendramu Lythraceae Herb 33 Anacardium occidentale L. Jeedi Anacardiacae Tree 34 Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Herb 35 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Chinna ranaberi Lamiaceae Shrub 36 Annona reticulata L. Ramaphalamu Annonaceae Shrub 37 Annona squamosa L. Sitaphalamu Annonaceae Tree 38 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC) Sirumanu Combretaceae Tree Wall. Ex Bedd. 39 Apluda mutica L. Adavikorregaddi Poaceae Grass 40 Argemone mexicana L. Bhrama dandi Papavaraceae Herb 41 Argyreia hirsuta Arn. Adavi gummadi Convolvulaceae Climber

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

42 Aristida adscensionis L. Katle gaddi Poaceae Grass 43 Aristida setacea Trin. & Rupr. Cheepurugaddi Poaceae Grass 44 Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Tiga sampangi Annonaceae Shrub Bhandari 45 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Panasa Moraceae Tree 46 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Pilliteegalu Asparagaceae Climber 47 Asparagus racemosus (Kunth) Satavari Liliaceae Shrub Jessop 48 Asystasia gangetica (L.) Acanthaceae Herb T.Anderson 49 Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Vepa Meliaceae Tree 50 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Gara, Ingalukke Balanitaceae Shrub 51 Barleria prionitis L. Neelagorinta Acanthaceae Herb 52 Bauhinia purpurea L. Peddari Caesalpiniaceae Tree 53 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Are Caesalpiniaceae Tree 54 Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Adda teega Caesalpiniaceae Climber 55 Benkara malabarica (Lam.) Tiven. Pedda manga Rubiaceae Shrub 56 Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC Pulichinta Oxalidaceae Herb 57 Blumea mollis (D.Don) Merr Kukkapogaku Asteraceae Herb 58 Blumea virens DC. Kondapogaku Asteraceae Herb 59 Boerhavia diffusa L. Atikamamidi Nyctaginaceae Herb 60 Boerhavia erecta L. Kanne komali Nyctaginaceae Herb 61 Bombax ceiba L. Buruga Bombacaceae Tree 62 Borassus flabellifer L. Thati Arecaceae Tree 63 Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Paragaddi Poaceae Grass 64 Brachiaria reptans (L.) Poaceae Grass C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb 65 Bridelia monoica (Lour.) Merr. Balli chettu Euphorbiaceae Tree 66 Bridelia montana (Roxb.) Willd. Pariki Euphorbiaceae Tree 67 Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Kora maddi Euphorbiaceae Tree 68 Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Morli Anacardiaceae Tree 69 Bucida ramosa(M.Gómez) Alwan Adurugaddi Combretaceae Tree & Stace 70 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Modugu chettu Fabaceae Tree 71 Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Gachapodha Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 72 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 73 Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Jilledu Asclepiadaceae Shrub 74 Calotropis procera (Aiton) Jilledu Asclepiadaceae Climber Dryand. 75 Canavalia virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Tammakaya Fabaceae Climber Arn.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

76 Canna indica L. Metta thamara Cannaceae Herb 77 Capparis divaricata Lam. Nallabalasi Capparaceae Tree 78 Capparis sepiaria L. Nalla uppi Capparaceae Climber 79 Capparis zeylanica L. Aridonda Capparaceae Climber 80 Carissa spinarum L. Vaka Apocynaceae Climber 81 Cassia auriculata L. Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 82 Cassia fistula L. Rela Caesalpiniaceae Tree 83 Cassia occidentalis L. Kasintha Caesalpiniaceae Shrub 84 Cassia siamea Lam. Seemathangedu Caesalpiniaceae Tree 85 Cassia uniflora Mill. Rtagarisa Caesalpiniaceae Herb 86 Casuarina equisetefolia L. Casurina Casuarinaceae Tree 87 Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Billaganneru Apocynaceae Shrub 88 Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Manga Rubiaceae Shrub Tirveng. 89 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Buruga Bombacaceae Tree 90 Celosia argentea L. Gurumu Amaranthaceae Herb 91 Chloris barbata Sw. Uppugaddi Poaceae Grass 92 Chrysopogon orientalis (Desv.) Peddapala Poaceae Grass A.Camus 93 Cissus quandrangularis L. Nalleru Vitaceae Climber 94 Cissus vitiginea L. Adavidraksha Vitaceae Shrub 95 Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Eriipucha Cucurbitaceae Climber 96 Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Rutaceae Tree 97 Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Nimma Rutaceae Tree 98 Cleome viscosa L. Kukkavaminta Cleomaceae Herb 99 Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Nillavuppi Verbenaceae Shrub 100 Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Kodisa Euphorbiaceae Tree Benth. Ex Hook.f. 101 Clitoria ternatea L. Shankupuspi Fabaceae Climber 102 Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Kakidonda Cucurbitaceae Climber 103 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Dusaratiga Menispermaceae Climber 104 Cocos nucifera L. Kobbari Arecaceae Tree 105 Coldenia procumbens L. Hamsapadu Boraginaceae Herb 106 Combretum albidum G. Don yada teega Combretaceae Climber 107 Commelina benghalensis L. Yennadri Commelinaceae Sedge 108 Commiphora caudata (Wight & Kondaregu Burseraceae Tree Arn.) Engler 109 Corchorus trilocularis L. Bankitutturu Tiliaceae Herb 110 Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Vadambaralu Acanthaceae Herb Nees 111 Crotalaria angulata Mill. Fabaceae Herb

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

112 Crotalaria hebecarpa (DC.) Rudd Fabaceae Herb 113 Crotalaria medicaginea var. Fabaceae Herb neglecta (Wight & Arn.) Baker 114 Crotalaria verrucosa L. Giligicha Fabaceae Herb 115 Croton bonplandianus Baill. Galivana mokka Euphorbiaceae Herb 116 Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Adavipalateega Apocynaceae Climber Schult. 117 Cucumis melo L. Mula maddu Cucurbitaceae Climber 118 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Passiteega Convolvulaceae Climber 119 Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Nimmagaddi Poaceae Grass 120 Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook.f.) Bodha gaddi Poaceae Grass Stapf 121 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Gariki Poaceae Grass 122 Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb. Cyperaceae Sedge 123 Cyperus arenarius Retz. Cyperaceae Sedge 124 Cyperus castaneus Willd. Cyperaceae Sedge 125 Cyperus exaltatus Retz. Cyperaceae Sedge 126 Cyperus pangorei Rottb. Cyperaceae Sedge 127 Cyperus rotundus L. Thunga Cyperaceae Sedge 128 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Crow foot grass Poaceae Grass Willd. 129 Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Pachari Fabaceae Tree 130 Datura stramonium L. Umetha Solanaceae Shrub 131 Delonix regia (Hook.f.) Raf. Sunkesula Caesalpiniaceae Tree 132 Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Sanna veduru Poaceae Herb Nees 133 Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Badanika Loranthaceae Herb Ettingsh. 134 Dentella repens (L.) J.R.Forst. & Rubiaceae Herb G.Forst. 135 Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC Muntamandu Fabaceae Herb 136 Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Sheda grass Poaceae Herb Stapf 137 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight Veluthuru Mimosaceae Tree & Arn. 138 Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Chenchalakura Amaranthaceae Herb 139 Digitaria ciliaris (Lam.) Roem. & Poaceae Grass Schult. 140 Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Erragatha Ebenaceae Tree 141 Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Tuniki Ebenaceae Tree 142 Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Bandedu Sapindaceae Shrub 143 Dolichandrone falcata (Wall. Ex Chittoddi Bignoniaceae Tree DC) Seem. 3 - 61

CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

144 Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston Pachavadambaramu Acanthaceae Herb

145 Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pedda windu Poaceae Herb P.Beauv. 146 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Mulla banthi Asteraceae Herb 147 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Guntagalagara Asteraceae Herb 148 Ehretia laevis (Rottler ex G.Don) Tellapisini Boraginaceae Shrub Roxb. 149 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex DC. Asteraceae Herb 150 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Udaragaddi Poaceae Grass Arn. 151 Eragrostis minor Host Goobbai gaddi Poaceae Grass 152 Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.Beauv. ex Chinna garaiki Poaceae Grass Roem. & Schult. gaddi 153 Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews. Vaadambaramu Acanthaceae Herb 154 Erythrina variegata L. Baaditha Fabaceae Tree 155 Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Dedaraku Erythroxylaceae Tree 156 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Nilagiri Myrtaceae Tree 157 Eugenia bracteata (Willd.) Roxb. Kundinedu Myrtaceae Shrub Ex DC. 158 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Kampurotta Asteraceae Shrub King & H. Rob. 159 Euphorbia antiquorum L. Bontha jemudu Euphorbiaceae Herb 160 Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Aku jemudu Euphorbiaceae Herb 161 Euphorbia heterophylla L. Wild Poinsettia Euphorbiaceae Herb 162 Euphorbia hirta L. Reddivari nanubalu Euphorbiaceae Herb 163 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Vishnukrantha Convolvulaceae Herb 164 Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Convolvulaceae Herb 165 Ficus benghalensis L. Marri chettu Moraceae Tree 166 Ficus hispida L.f. Bodda chettu Moraceae Tree 167 Ficus racemosa L. Medi Moraceae Tree 168 Ficus religiosa L. Ravi chettuy Moraceae Tree 169 Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Cyperaceae Sedge 170 Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Kanru Flacourtiaceae Tree 171 Flemingia semialata Roxb. Fabaceae Shrub 172 Galactia tenuiflora (Willd.) Wight Fabaceae Herb & Arn. 173 Gardenia gummifera L.f. Bikki Rubiaceae Tree 174 Glinus lotoides L. Chadarasikoora Molluginaceae Herb 175 Gloriosa superba L. Adavi nabhi Liliaceae Herb 176 Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Golugu Rutaceae Shrub Tanaka

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

177 Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Gummidi teku Verbenaceae Tree 178 Gmelina asiatica L. Chiru gummudu Verbenaceae Shrub 179 Gomphrena globosa L. Globe Amaranth Amaranthaceae Herb 180 Grewia hirsuta Vahl Jaani chettu Tiliaceae Shrub 181 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Pedda jana Tiliaceae Tree 182 Grewia rhamnifolia Heyne ex Roth Bampudu Tiliaceae Shrub 183 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. Podapathri Asclepiadaceae Climber Ex Sm. 184 Hardwickia binata Roxb. Yepi Caesalpiniaceae Tree 185 Hedyotis corymbosa L. Rubiaceae Herb 186 Hedyotis umbellata L. Rubiaceae Herb 187 Helicteres isora L. Nulitada Tiliaceae Shrub 188 Heliotropium indicum L. Nagadanti Boraginaceae Herb 189 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Sugandipala Periplocaceae Climber Schult. 190 Heteropogon contortus (L.) Kaseri gaddi Poaceae Grass P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. 191 Hibiscus micranthus L.f. Nityamalli Malvaceae Herb 192 Holarrhena pubescensWall. ex Tedlapala Apocynaceae Shrub G.Don 193 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Nemaliadugu Ulmaceae Tree Planch. 194 Hugonia mystax L. Pisangi Linaceae Climber 195 Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Ratnapurusha Violaceae Herb F.Muell. 196 Hygrophila auriculata Neetigobbi Acanthaceae Herb (Schumach.) Heine 197 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Sirnatulasi Lamiaceae Shrub 198 Ichnocarpus fruitiscens (L.) R.Br. Nalla teega Apocynaceae Climber 199 Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Darbhagaddi Poaceae Grass 200 Indigofera aspalathoides DC. Fabaceae Herb 201 Indigofera cassioides DC Cheragadam Fabaceae Herb 202 Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Thootikura Convolvulaceae Climber 203 Iseilema laxum Hack. Errachengali gaddi Poaceae Grass

204 Ixora pavetta Lam. Rubiaceae Shrub 205 Jasminum grandiflorum L. Jaji Oleaceae Climber 206 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Nepalam Euphorbiaceae Tree 207 Justicia prostrata Gamble Acanthaceae Herb 208 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Gempena Anacardiacae Shrub merr. 209 Lantana camara L.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

210 Lepidagathis cristata Willd. Suryakantha Acanthaceae Herb 211 Leucaena leucocephala (lam.) de Subabul Mimosaceae Tree Wit 212 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Thummi Lamiaceae Herb 213 Ludwigia perennis L. Lavangakaya Onagraceae Herb 214 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Ippa Sapotaceae Tree 215 Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Malvaceae Herb Garcke 216 Mangifera indica L. Mamidi Anacardiacae Tree 217 Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen Sapota Sapotaceae Tree 218 Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Danthi Rubiaceae Shrub Ding Hou 219 Melia azedirach L. Thuraka Vepa Meliaceae Tree 220 Melochia corchorifolia L. Sithakura Sterculiaceae Herb 221 Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Elikajemudu Convolvulaceae Climber Hallier f. 222 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. Convolvulaceae Climber 223 Michelia champaca L. Sampangi Magnoliaceae Tree 224 Mimosa pudica L. Attipatti Mimosaceae Herb 225 Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. pariki kampa Mimosaceae Shrub 226 Mimusops elengi L. Pogada Sapotaceae Tree 227 Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. Peddaparipata Molluginaceae Herb 228 Mollugo oppositifolia L. Chayuntarashi Molluginaceae Herb 229 Mollugo pentaphylla L. Verrichatarasi Molluginaceae Herb 230 Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham Thogaru Rubiaceae Tree 231 Moringa oleifera Lam. Munaga Moringaceae Tree 232 Mukia maderaspatana (L.) Pottibudamu Cucurbitaceae Climber M.Roem. 233 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Karivapaku Rutaceae Tree 234 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Kadambam Rubiaceae Tree Bosser 235 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Parijathamu Oleaceae Shrub 236 Ochna obtusata DC. Tammi Ochnaceae Shrub 237 Ocimum basilicum L. Vibhudi Lamiaceae Herb 238 Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Tulasi Lamiaceae Shrub 239 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Nagajemudu Cactaceae Shrub 240 Oxystelma esculentum (L. f.) Sm. Palakikura Asclepiadaceae Climber 241 Panicum psilopodium Trin. Poaceae Grass 242 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Congress weed Asteraceae Herb 243 Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) Udagaddi Poaceae Grass A.Camus

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

244 Passiflora foetida L. Tellajumiki Passifloraceae Climber 245 Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. Karubenda Malvaceae Herb 246 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Kondachinta Caesalpiniaceae Tree K.Heyne 247 Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Dustaputeega Asclepiadaceae Climber Chiov. 248 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Eetha Arecaceae Tree 249 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Mosalipappu Verbenaceae Shrub 250 Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Naleusiri Euphorbiaceae Herb Thonn. 251 Phyllanthus emblica L. Usiri Euphorbiaceae Tree 252 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Nalla uisirika Euphorbiaceae Herb 253 Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. Euphorbiaceae Herb 254 Physalis minima L. Buddabudasa Solanaceae Herb 255 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Seemachinta Mimosaceae Tree Benth. 256 Plumeria alba L. Nuruvaralu Apocynaceae Tree 257 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Naramamidi Annonaceae Tree Thwaites 258 Polygala arvensis Willd. Polygalaceae Herb 259 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Kanuga Fabaceae Tree 260 Portulaca oleracea L. Pappukura Portulacaceae Herb 261 Portulaca quadrifida L. Sanna pappukura Portulacaceae Herb 262 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Sarkaru tumma Mimosaceae Tree 263 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Antreetha Amaranthaceae Herb 264 Randia dumetorum (Retz.) Lam. Manga Rubiaceae Shrub 265 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Nela alumu Fabaceae Climber 266 Rivea hypocrateriformis Choisy Boddi teega Convolvulaceae Climber 267 Rungia repens (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Herb 268 Salvadora persica L. Gogu Salvadoraceae Shrub 269 Samanea saman (jacq.) Merr. Nidrabhangi Mimosaceae Tree 270 Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Kunkudu Sapindaceae Tree 271 Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Pandiri jamudu Asclepiadaceae Climber Voigt 272 Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Herb 273 Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz Nallakorintha Rhamnaceae Climber 274 Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Euphorbiaceae Herb Müll.Arg. 275 Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Challamunta Euphorbiaceae Shrub Muell.-Arg. 276 Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Avishapulu Fabaceae Tree 277 Sida acuta Burm.f. Chittemu Malvaceae Herb

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

278 Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Chirubenda Malvaceae Herb Borss.Waalk. 279 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Nelavakudu Solanaceae Herb 280 Spermacoce hispida L. Madanaku Rubiaceae Herb 281 Sphaeranthus indicus L. Bodasaram Asteraceae Herb 282 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Verbenaceae Herb Vahl 283 Streblus aspera Lour. Baranika Moraceae Tree 284 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Neredu Myrtaceae Tree 285 Tamarindus indica L. Chinta Caesalpiniaceae Tree 286 Tarenna asiatica (L.) Kuntze ex K. Papidi Rubiaceae Shrub Schum. 287 Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Swarnaganneru Bignoniaceae Shrub 288 Tectona grandis L.f. Teku Verbenaceae Tree 289 Tephrosia procumbens (Ham.) Vempali Fabaceae Herb Benth. 290 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Vempali Fabaceae Herb 291 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight Tella maddi Combretaceae Tree & Arn 292 Terminalia catappa L. Badam chettu Combretaceae Tree 293 Tiliocora acuminata (Lam.) Bandi teega Menispermaceae Climber Hook.f. & Thoms. 294 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Tippateega Menispermaceae Climber Miers 295 Toddalia asiatica (L.) lam. Konda mirapa Rutaceae Climber 296 Tragia involucrata L. Duradagondi Euphorbiaceae Herb 297 Trianthema portulacastrum L. Galijeru Aizoaceae Herb 298 Tribulus terrestris L. Palleru Zygophyllaceae Herb 299 Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm. Guvvagutti Boraginaceae Herb 300 Tridax procumbens (L.) L. Gaddichamanti Asteraceae Herb 301 Triumfetta rotundifolia Lam. Banki thuturu Tiliaceae Herb 302 Typha angustifolia L. Typa gaddi Poaceae Grass 303 Urena lobata L. Nallabenda Malvaceae Herb 304 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Sahadevi Asteraceae Herb 305 Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Vattivellu Poaceae Grass 306 Vitex negundo L. Vavili Verbenaceae Shrub 307 Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf Paalateega Asclepiadaceae Climber 308 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Lythraceae Shrub 309 Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. Ankudu Apocynaceae Tree 310 Zaleya decandra (L.) Burm.f. Aizoaceae Herb 311 Ziziphus mauritiana Mill. Regu Rhamnaceae Tree 312 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Miller Parimi Rhamnaceae Climber

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

313 Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Gacha Rhamnaceae Tree

Phytosociology of the plants Species dominance is calculated based on the Importance Value Index (IVI) and was calculated every species found in each study sites. It is usually practiced in ecological scrutinizes; IVI indicates the ecological importance of a species in a specific ecosystem which can be used for computing species conservation and management through which species having low IVI value require soar protection preference. The IVI for a species was calculated as the sum of its relative basal area, relative frequency, and relative density and often to describe and compare the species dominance of the sites. Sample plots were selected in such a way to get maximum representation of different types of vegetation and plots were laid out in first part of the core zone. Analysis of the vegetation will help in determining the relative importance of each species in the study area. In the study area, dominant species in the area are Azadirachta indica, Dolichondrone falcata, Diospyros sylvatica and Bauhinia racemosa. Acacia farnesiana, Dochrostachys cinerea, Azadirachta indica and Diospyros chloroxylon are the tree species with wider distribution. The percentage of species in various frequency classes is shown in Table 3.22. Table 3.22. Importance Value Index of tree species S.No. Plant name Density Frequency % Basal area Cm2/ha IVI 1 Azadirachta indica 157.78 100 43698.13 30.03 2 Dolichondrone falcata 151.11 100 43574.4 29.48 3 Diospyros sylvatica 88.89 80 21871.11 17.41 4 Bauhinia racemosa 68.89 100 21140.62 16.73 5 Atalantia monophylla 93.33 80 14185.73 15.57 6 Acacia farnesiana 42.22 80 27593.49 15.41 7 Mitragyna parvifolia 33.33 100 23959.33 14.77 8 Prosopis juliflora 71.11 100 5691.02 12.52 9 Dichrostachys cinerea 57.78 80 12811.64 12.42 10 Grewia hirsuta 37.78 60 13260 10.93 11 Acacia leucophloea 26.67 40 17834.4 10.98 12 Holoptelia integrifolia 53.33 40 9792 10.07 13 Dalbergia paniculata 42.22 60 7279.53 10.57 14 Ziziphus mauritiana 37.78 20 15917.29 10.53 15 Manilkara zapota 28.89 40 5902.29 7.07

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

16 Streblus asper 17.78 40 8445.16 5.86 17 Ficus hispida 15.56 40 2394 5.04 18 Gmelina arborea 17.78 40 1195.2 4.87 19 Cassia fistula 20 20 327.4 4.79 20 Alangium salvifolium 13.33 40 1529.6 4.62 21 Casearia elliptica 11.11 20 4746.11 4.29 22 Albizia amara 8.89 40 86.76 3.86 23 Wrightia tinctoria 4.44 20 3544.89 2.69 24 Diospyros chloroxylon 4.44 20 2629.69 3.18 25 Eugenia bracteata 6.67 20 570.87 2.76 26 Millingtonia hortensis 6.67 20 187.4 2.65 27 Terminalia arjuna 6.67 20 86.07 2.62 28 Bombax ceiba 4.44 20 496.36 2.57 29 Ficus arnottiana 4.44 20 177.78 2.48 30 Gardenia latifolia 4.44 20 160 2.48 31 Careya arborea 4.44 20 65.6 2.45 32 Memecylon edule 2.22 20 557.51 2.41 33 Ficus semicordata 2.22 20 139.38 2.29 34 Ehretia laevis 2.22 20 120.18 2.28 35 Chloroxylon swietenia 2.22 20 45.51 2.28 36 Polyalthia cerasoides 2.22 20 21.51 2.26 37 Butea monosperma 2.22 20 21.51 2.26 38 Sapindus emarginatus 2.22 20 25.6 2.26 39 Dodonaea viscosa 2.22 20 25.6 2.26 Total 1159.97 1660 312110.67 300

Distribution of shrubs in the study area of the proposed project, the various quadrats indicated that Securinega leucopyrus is dominant with 20.52 IVI followed by Cassia auriculata and Eugenia bracteata are represented by 14.83 each IVI, remaining species were given in the Table 3.23. Table 3.23. Phytosociology of the shrubs and climbers in the study area S. No. Plant name RF RD RDom IVI 1 Abutilon indicum 4.7 4.44 0.04 9.14 2 Acacia caesia 3.5 3.33 0.03 6.86 3 Allophyllus serratus 3.5 3.33 0.03 6.86 4 Caesalpinia crista 2.3 2.22 0.02 4.57 5 Calotropis gigantea 5.8 6.67 0.07 12.55 6 Capparis zeylanica 4.7 5.56 0.06 10.26 7 Cassia auriculata 7 7.78 0.08 14.83 8 Clerodenrum inerme 1.2 2.22 0.02 3.41 3 - 68

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9 Eugenia bracteata 7 7.78 0.08 14.83 10 Holarrhena pubescens 3.5 3.33 0.03 6.86 11 Jatropha curcas 2.3 2.22 0.02 4.57 12 Lantana camara 5.8 6.67 0.07 12.55 13 Nerium oleander 2.3 2.22 0.02 4.57 14 Scutia myrtina 2.3 2.22 0.02 4.57 15 Securinega leucopyrus 9.3 11.11 0.11 20.52 16 Sesbania sesban 2.3 3.33 0.03 5.69 17 Solanum surattense 4.7 5.56 0.06 10.26 18 Tiliocora acuminata 4.7 4.44 0.04 9.14 19 Toddalia asiatica 2.3 2.22 0.02 4.57 20 Ziziphus nummularia 2.3 3.33 0.03 5.69 RD- Relative density; RF- Relative frequency; RDom- Relative dominance; IVI – Important Value Index

As the study area is dominated by the reserve forest, waterlogged grass lands and crop fields, the area is with remarkably rich herbaceous ground cover. The herbs observed in the sampling plots, during the survey period, Coldenia procumbens is the dominant species followed by Chromolaena odorata, Emilia sonchifolia and Boerhavia diffusa have been enlisted in the Table 3.24. Table 3.24. Phytosociology of the shrubs and climbers in the study area S.No Name of the plant RF RD RA IVI 1 Boerhaavia diffusa 4.73 4.6 3.47 12.81 2 Celosia argentea 3.19 3.86 4.15 11.21 3 Chromolaena odorata 4.55 5.57 4.83 14.96 4 Cleome viscosa 2.73 2.12 2.89 7.74 5 Cleome monophylla 2.46 2.12 3.13 7.7 6 Coldenia procumbens 5.92 5.61 3.53 15.06 7 Commelina benghalensis 4.1 4.28 3.82 12.2 8 Cynodon dactylon 3.19 3.36 3.66 10.21 9 Cyperus arenarius 3.01 2.9 3.51 9.42 10 Cyperus rotundus 3.82 4.42 4.38 12.62 11 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 3.1 3.04 3.65 9.79 12 Eclipta prostrata 2.46 2.76 4.21 9.43 13 Emilia sonchifolia 5.28 5.52 3.83 14.63 14 Evolvulus alsinoides 4.74 4.6 3.57 12.91 15 Evolvulus nummularius 3.82 3.36 3.18 10.37 16 Hedyotis unbellata 2.28 2.07 1.66 6.01 17 Indigofera linnaei 0.91 1.1 2.21 4.23

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18 Lepidagathis cristata 1.09 1.15 1.92 4.16 19 Ludwigia perennis 2.19 1.75 1.46 5.39 20 Melochia corchorifolia 2.55 2.72 1.94 7.21 21 Mollugo pentaphylla 0.82 0.55 1.23 2.6 22 Ocimum gratissimum 0.46 0.32 1.29 2.07 23 Oplismenus burmannii 1.09 1.29 2.15 4.53 24 Parthenium hysterophorus 1.73 2.07 2.18 5.99 25 Phyllanthus amarus 2.28 2.99 2.4 7.67 26 Phyllanthus debilis 1.91 2.99 2.85 7.76 27 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis 3.19 3.45 1.98 8.62 28 Sebastiania chamaelea 0.82 0.64 1.43 2.9 29 Sida acuta 1.09 0.87 1.46 3.43 30 Sida cordata 1.37 1.1 1.48 3.95 31 Spermacoce hispida 0.73 0.69 1.73 3.15 32 Stachytarpeta jamaicansis 1.37 1.61 2.15 5.13 33 Tephrosia purpurea 1.64 1.47 1.64 4.75 34 Trianthema portulacastrum 2.55 2.21 1.58 6.34 35 Trichodesma indicum 4.83 3.68 2.8 11.31 36 Tridax procumbens 5.01 3.96 2.72 11.68 37 Vernonia cinerea 3.01 3.17 3.89 10.08 RD- Relative density; RF- Relative frequency; RA- Relative abundance; IVI – Important Value Index

Biodiversity indices Biodiversity index is a quantitative measures that reflects how many different types of species, there are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities are distributed among those types of species. The value of biodiversity index increases both when the number of types increases and when evenness increases. For a given number of type of species, the value of a biodiversity index is maximised when all type of species are equally abundant. Biodiversity indices values are given in the Table 3.25. Table 3.25. Biodiversity indices of the study area Shannon-Wiener Simpson Diversity Community Index (H) Index (1/D) Species Evenness Tree 3.28 0.95 0.83 Shrub & Climbers 2.59 0.87 0.37 Herb 3.75 0.96 0.87

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Faunal diversity To prepare a detailed report on the status of wildlife biodiversity within 10 km radial area of buffer zone to assess the impacts due to the project activity and evolve suitable mitigation measures to protect and conserve wildlife biodiversity following components were studied: a. Wildlife survey b. Habitat study c. Distribution/Status of Birds d. Threatened category of fauna e. Specific local characteristics of biodiversity in the study area Fauna in core zone Two mammal species i.e. Funambulus pennantii (Five stripped squirrel) was sighted from this zone while presence of Indian Hare, i.e. Lepus nigricollis was confirmed at project site through indirect sightings. One species of reptile i.e. Calotes versicolor (Indian Garden Lizard) and bird species like common crow, Indian Robin, Indian Roller, Black Drongo and Indian Treepie were sighted in the project site. Fauna in buffer zone Additionally reference of relevant literatures (published/unpublished) and dialogues with local people were also varied out to consolidate the presence of faunal distribution in the area Systematic account of the fauna along with birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is given in the Table 3.26. Table 3.26. Checklist of fauna observed in the study area S.No. Scientific name Common name Vernacular Schedule name Mammals 1 Petaurista philippensis Brown flying squirrel Chettu udutha IV 2 Varanus indicus Common Mongoose Mungisa IV 3 Vulpes bengalensis Bengal fox Guntanakka IV 4 Bandikota indica Bandicoot Rat Pandikokku IV 5 Rattus rattus House rat Yeluka IV 6 Rattus nitidus Indian field rat Yeluka IV 7 Pteropus giganteus Indian flying fox Gabbilamu IV 8 Lepus nigricollis Indian hare Kundelu IV 9 Canis aureus Jackal Nakka IV 10 Hystix indica Poprcupine Mullapandi IV 11 Funambulus pennant Northern palm Udutha IV squirrel 3 - 71

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12 Sus scrofa Wild boar Adavipandi III Reptiles 13 Bangarus caeruleus Common Krait Katlapamu IV 14 Daboia russelli Russell's viper Ralthapinajri Notlisted 15 Ptyas mucosa Ratsnake Jerripothu IV 16 Ahaetulla nasuta Tree snake Pachari pamu IV 17 Typhlops porrectus Blind snake Guddipamu IV 18 Varanus monitor Monitor Liazard Udumu I 19 Hemidactylus frenatus Wall Lizard Balli IV 20 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Thonda IV Aves 21 Ardeola grayi Pond heron Guddi konga IV 22 Apus apus Common swift IV 23 Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo kathiripitta IV 24 Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Palapitta IV 25 Merops orientalis Green bee-eater Passeriki IV 26 Turoides striatus Jungle babbler Chataka pakshi IV 27 Corvus splendens Crow Kaki Notlisted 28 Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle crow Adavikaki Notlisted 29 Cuculus canorus Cuckoo Kokila IV 30 Streptopelia decactao Ring Dove Kapothamu IV 31 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Konga Notlisted 32 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Konga Notlisted 33 Eudynamus scolopaceus Koel Kokila IV 34 Lonchura striata White rumped munia Gorapitta IV 35 Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy starling Goruvanka Notlisted 36 Acridotheres tristis Common myna Myna Notlisted 37 Glaucidium radiatum Jungle Owlet Adavigudlaguba IV 38 Athene brama Spotted Owlet Gudlaguba IV 39 Psittacula eupatria Parakeet Chiluka Notlisted 40 Francolinus Grey partridge Chakoramu Notlisted pondicerianus 41 Columba livia Rock Dove Pavuramu IV 42 Saxocoloides fulicata Indian Robin Kalchuri IV 43 Apus affinis Little Swift Babila Notlisted 44 Milvus migrans Common kite Gradda IV 45 Haliastur indicus Brahminy kite Brahmini gradda IV 46 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Vanakovela Notlisted Amphibians 47 Rana hexadactyla Ordinary frog Kappa Notlisted 48 Bufo melanosticatus South Indian Toad Boduru Kappa Notlisted 49 Hyla arborea Tree frog Notlisted 50 Rana tigrina Tiger frog Kappa Notlisted Butterflies 51 Neptis hylas Common Sailor IV 52 Junonia rithya Blue pansy IV

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53 Preais iphita Chocolate pansy IV 54 Junonia hierta Yellow pansy IV 55 Aethriamanta brevipennis Dragon flies 56 Brachythemis contaminata 57 Bradenopyga geminate 58 Diplacodes trivialis 59 Orhtetrum sabina 60 Pantala flavescens 61 Ryothemis variegata 62 Trithemis aurora

Based on the data collected and the survey conducted on endangered/threatened/endemic plant/animal species were found in the study area (core and buffer zones). The Indian Wildlife (protection) Act 1972 notified list of fauna coming under the Schedule-I. During faunal survey no Schedule-I species have reported from the study area. Aquatic Ecology There are several small village tanks, Penna River and Kandleru River available within the 10 Km buffer zone. Most tanks were either totally or partially dry during the period of survey. Apart from the River and the tanks, the aquatic environment is also represented by paddy fields and a few stagnant water ponds. In addition to these village tanks, drains, and paddy fields provide the aquatic habitat for a variety of very common aquatic plants and animals. All the species listed in Table 3.27 is found in the study area only. Table 3.27. List of aquatic / semi aquatic macrophytes found in the study area Scientific name Family Status Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Very common medicinal plant Brachiaria mutica Poaceae Sporadic Carex cruciata Cyperaceae Occasional Centella asiatica Apiaceae In localized patches Chrysopogon aciculatus Poaceae Occasional Cyperus pangorei Cyperaceae Scattered Echinochloa colona Poaceae Occasional Echinochloa stagnina Poaceae Occasional Eichhornia crassipes Pontederiaceae Extensive and widespread Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Extensive and widespread

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Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae Occasional Marsilia quadrifoliata Marsiliaceae Very common Pteridophyte Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbiaceae Very common Nymphaea nauchali Nympheaceae Widely scattered Nymphoides indica Nympheaceae Scattered Sacharum spontaneum Poaceae Common Phragmites karka Cyperaceae Occasional Pistia stratoides Araceae Widespread Typha angustata Typhaceae Extensive and widespread

Freshwater fishes

Followed by agriculture, fishery is the major profession in the study area. Nearly all fishermen use traditional method of fishing i.e. trapa, gillnet and cast net. A list of fresh water fishes is given in Table 3.28.

Table 3.28. Freshwater fishes from the study area S.No. Scientific name Common name 1 Catla catla Catla 2 Labeo rohita Rui 3 Cyprinus carpio nudus Common carp 4 Notopterus chitala Chital 5 Mystus vittatus Tengra 6 Heteropneustes fossilis Shingi 7 Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal 8 Chanda nama Chand mach 9 Channa gachua Gachua 10 Chana striata Snakehead murrel 11 Barilius bola Bhol 12 Puntius sophore Bhadi punti 13 Oxygaster bacaila Chela 14 Anabas testudineus Koi 15 Oreochromis niloticus Nilotica niloticus 16 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp 17 Puntius sarana Shorpunti

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

In general, phytoplankton and zooplanktons observed in the Kandaleru reservoir. Different species from various groups of Phytoplankton & Zooplankton were given in Tables 3.29 & 3.30.

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Table 3.29. Freshwater Phytoplankton from the study area S. No. Group Species Diatoma sp. Gomphonema sp. 1 Bacillariophyceae Navicula sp. Nitzschia sp. Ankistrodesmus sp. Chlorococcum sp. Chlorella sp. Closterium sp. 2 Chlorophyceae Pandorina sp. Anabaena sp. Anacystis sp. Spirulina sp.

Merismopedia sp. 3 Cyanophyceae Phormidium sp. Euglena sp.

4 Euglenophycea Phacus sp.

Table 3.30. Freshwater Zooplankton from the Study Area S. No. Group Species Cyclops sp. Pseudocyclops sp. 1 Copepoda Nauplius larva 2 Asplanchna sp. Rotifera Brachionus sp. Conochilus sp Keratella tropica Trichocera sp. Daphnia sp. 3 Cladocera Diaphanosoma sp.

3.12 SOCIO - ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The socio economic study includes the processes of analyzing, monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative aspects. The socio-economic baseline on demographic patterns, economic and livelihood profile and infrastructure facilities, community perception and mitigation measures in the study area. Based on the data is compiled in this section,

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the impact assessment will predict and evaluate any potential impacts of the proposed project on the local community, livelihoods and other social systems.

The study area presented in the socio-economic baseline comprises of the following:  Proposed project location – within the limits of the mining area is located in USL (Un-Surveyed Land) of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh, India.

 Profile of settlements within a radius of 10 km around the proposed project location.

The socio-economic baseline has been prepared on the basis of a review of available secondary sources of information as well as primary studies are conducted in and around the proposed project locality. In addition to this, a primary survey of 60 people has also been undertaken to assess their and awareness and perceptions about the proposed project.

3.12.1 Brief profile of the SPSR Nellore district The district has five revenue divisions viz., Atmakur, Naidupet, Nellore, Gudur and Kavali, each headed by a sub collector. These revenue divisions are divided into 46 mandals in the district. These 46 mandals consists of 1177 villages, 10 towns. The 10 towns (or urban settlements) in the district include, 4 statutory and 5 census towns.

The statutory towns constitute 1 municipal corporation and 5 municipalities. The only municipal corporation is Nellore and the 5 municipalities in the district are Atmakur, Gudur, Kavali, Sullurpeta and Venkatagiri. The 5 census towns are Buja Buja Nellore, L.A.Sagaram, Tada Khandrika, Vinnamala, and Yerrabalem. Mandals of this district are 46 under 3 revenue divisions.

The proposed study area is under Sydapur, Rapur, Podalakur and Gudur mandal. All the mandal administrative activities will be done from the mandal head quarters also.

3.12.2 Demographic details of the district In 2011, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district had population of 2,963,557 of which male and female were 1,492,974 and 1,470,583 respectively. There was change of 11.05 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. The district 3 - 76

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density is 227 people per sq. km and district administers 13,076 square kilometers of areas. Average literacy rate of the district is 68.90 compared to 65.08 of 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 75.74 and 61.99 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 73.67 and 56.38.

With regards to Sex Ratio, it stood at 985 per 1000 male, Census data regarding children under age of 0-6 , total 304,309 male and female were 156,907 and 147,402 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 939 compared to 954 of census 2001. In 2011, total 1,476 families live on footpath or without any roof cover in this district.

Demographical details of the study area The proposed study is surrounded with 43 villages in four mandals namely; Sydapur, Rapur, Podalakur and Gudur. It has 15,171 households (HH) with 55,741 populations (TOT_P) of 1, 1939 of which male and female were 28,141 and 27,600 respectively. There was change of 10.05 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. With regards to Sex Ratio, it stood at 990 per 1000 male, Census data regarding child under 0-6 age were total 5,945 0-6. The Total of population of Schedule caste (P_SC)and Schedule Tribe (P_ST) are 16,516 and 9,067 respectively. The Literates are 29,323 and illiterates are 26,412 in this area (Table 3.27 & 3.28).

3.12.3 Land-Based Livelihoods The proposed and area and district has an illustration of land-use patterns, indicates the acute dependence of land-based livelihood patterns such as agriculture, aquaculture, salt pans etc.

3.12.4 Economy The proposed area Proximity to the sea as well as to agricultural heartland has helped Nellore district to grow. The seaborne trade from Mypadu, Krishnapatnam and other port cities in district is on rise, but insignificant compared to trade via the road & rail.

3.12.5 Agriculture It is well known fact that Nellore is also famous for quality rice production and aqua (prawn and fish) culture. Nellore district is called the "Shrimp capital of India" due to its high production of cultured shrimp. About 70 percent of the total work force is 3 - 77

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dependent upon agriculture either as farmers or as agricultural labour. The main crops are paddy and sugar cane. It is particularly famous for a rice breed called "Molagolukulu". Other crops are cotton, lemon and oil seeds (like peanuts) and horticultural seeds.

A dam is located at Somasila across the Pennar River that flows through the narrow Velikonda Hills. Another dam is located at Gandipalem across a tributary of Pennar. They support irrigation for many villages.

3.12.6 Industries The handloom sectors are a small scale industry and next to agriculture by the number of people depend on this. Venkatagiri and Patur are important handloom centers in the district noted for their traditional handcrafted fine cotton and silk sarees embrodied with pure zari. Krishnapatnam is a major port and market centre situated at a distance of 20 km. The port is expected to become a world-class deep-water port. Iron ore and granite are being exported from Krishna Patnam to other countries like China. One railway line links it with Vekatachalam on main railway line. Tada is at a distance of 80 km from Nellore with new industrial ventures like the Adidas factory and Tata's Leather park. An International Leather park project is in progress developed at Krishnapatnam.

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Table 3.31 Demographic details of the study area S.NO Name No_HH TOT_P TOT_M TOT_F P_06 P_SC P_ST P_LIT P_ILL 1 Rapur 11639 45747 22712 23035 5088 14159 7033 24288 21459 2 Sanayapalem 185 730 365 365 65 168 86 428 302 3 Thatipalle 114 400 207 193 40 98 12 248 152 4 Sankurathripalle 278 1034 515 519 137 425 262 466 568 5 Vepinapiakkmambapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Gilakapadu 681 2679 1315 1364 298 717 633 1437 1242 7 Gandurupalle 95 408 204 204 45 0 146 204 204 8 Nayanipalle 54 205 103 102 16 19 79 119 86 9 Chuttupalem 80 322 157 165 33 194 29 172 150 10 Podalakur 18089 68148 34215 33933 7039 13651 7679 40486 27662 11 Duggunta Rajupalem 164 593 300 293 71 1 167 267 326 12 Utla Palem 273 1034 531 503 124 217 168 607 427 13 Duggunta 307 1152 584 568 110 374 95 733 419 14 Degapudi Rajupalem 70 204 104 100 23 49 17 137 67 15 Degapudi 430 1543 799 744 148 199 174 842 701 16 Gudur 14994 55705 27894 27811 5987 16653 9546 30304 25401 17 Mittathmakuru 646 2132 1065 1067 208 678 297 1059 1073 18 Vinduru 1737 6233 3126 3107 713 1988 496 2843 3390 19 Sydapuram 11939 43704 22085 21619 4573 13198 7626 23076 20628 20 Munagapadu 39 240 127 113 29 50 104 122 118 21 Perumallapadu 872 3099 1532 1567 329 919 891 1592 1507 22 Malichedu 142 512 253 259 65 208 36 239 273 23 Kalichedu 506 1738 855 883 191 243 315 921 817 24 Devaravemur 352 1321 646 675 155 513 83 609 712

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25 Orupalle @ Turimerla 613 2152 1063 1089 195 618 314 1137 1015 26 Orupalle 74 318 170 148 39 89 13 205 113 27 Tocham 130 557 296 261 75 132 73 280 277 28 Krishnareddipalle 142 506 264 242 60 334 4 214 292 29 Thimmanaramapuram 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Komatigunta Rajupalem 190 667 353 314 61 0 301 322 345 31 Gulimcherla 205 722 365 357 82 270 53 388 334 32 Chaganam 888 3284 1683 1601 362 720 1135 1757 1527 33 Jaflapuram 60 223 117 106 28 0 144 111 112 34 Jogipalle 94 329 166 163 43 78 83 165 164 35 Utukur 577 2067 1029 1038 201 682 257 1106 961 36 Pokkandala 152 531 265 266 51 188 105 275 256 37 Griddalur 1147 4255 2170 2085 441 1146 390 2291 1964 38 Ramasagaram 627 2271 1137 1134 229 996 260 1287 984 39 Molakalapundla 1528 6004 3071 2933 603 1767 933 3407 2597 40 Raganaramapuram 106 404 205 199 58 68 67 225 179 41 Thippireddipalle 102 390 214 176 54 191 5 237 153 42 Lingasamudram 231 812 425 387 109 359 84 376 436 43 Thokalapudi 78 279 143 136 25 0 35 139 140 44 Samudralavari Khandrika 45 164 84 80 18 0 127 107 57 45 Adhvanna 61 232 119 113 18 232 0 110 122 Punarayanakattubadi 46 Kommipadu 588 2233 1129 1104 222 929 352 1344 889 47 Ananthamadugu 508 1762 885 877 171 657 242 801 961 Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-AP.html

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3.12.7 Art and literature The most famous Dargah (holy tomb) in AP State Barashaheed dargah is located in Nellore. Every year some lakhs of people visit dargah and receive holy blessings there. The most widely followed culture and festival Rottela Panduga is celebrated in Nellore. It is truly followed that wishes which are to be fulfilled in one's life become 100% fulfilled. So the Rottela Panduga is followed by many people all over India. Nellore1 region produced famous Telugu artists ranging from ancient poets like Tikkana and to modern artists like Atreya. Ancient Telugu poets Tikkana, Molla, Marana, Ketana laid foundations for Telugu literature here. Tikkana, the second in Kavitrayamtranslated Sanskrit epic Mahabharat. Molla, the second Telugu poetess had translated Ramayan into Telugu. Ketana, a disciple of Tikkana, dedicated his work called "Dasakumara Charitram" to Tikkana. Ketana also wrote Andhrabashabushanam, a grammar book for Telugu. Marana, another poet and disciple of Tikkana wrote "Markandeya Puranam". Ramarajabhushanudu from this region was patronised by Krishnadevaraya. Poet Gunturu Seshendra Sarma is also from this region

3.12.8 Transport The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,226 km (762 mi). National Highway 16 paases through the city. Krishnapatnam Port is an important port situated in the district on the Bay of Bengal. Dugarajapatnam Port is a proposed port in the district.

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Table 3.32. Main and mariginal workers of the study area S.N Name TOT_WOR TOT_WOR TOT_WOR MAINWOR MAINWOR MAINWOR MARGWOR MARGWOR MARGWOR O K_P K_M K_F K_P K_M K_F K_P K_M K_F 1 Rapur 21815 13586 8229 15363 10948 4415 6452 2638 3814 2 Sanayapalem 325 231 94 313 221 92 12 10 2 3 Thatipalle 237 132 105 231 131 100 6 1 5 4 Sankurathripalle 559 331 228 262 195 67 297 136 161 5 Vepinapiakkmamba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Gilakapadu 1359 802 557 843 624 219 516 178 338 7 Gandurupalle 230 116 114 43 41 2 187 75 112 8 Nayanipalle 115 64 51 70 64 6 45 0 45 9 Chuttupalem 184 110 74 111 109 2 73 1 72 10 Podalakur 31650 20593 11057 26040 18522 7518 5610 2071 3539 11 Duggunta Rajupalem 220 188 32 220 188 32 0 0 0 12 Utla Palem 527 330 197 465 301 164 62 29 33 13 Duggunta 573 370 203 322 247 75 251 123 128 14 Degapudi Rajupalem 97 53 44 94 53 41 3 0 3 15 Degapudi 676 471 205 606 418 188 70 53 17 16 Gudur 27108 17116 9992 22731 15551 7180 4377 1565 2812 17 Mittathmakuru 1164 697 467 993 628 365 171 69 102 18 Vinduru 3326 1899 1427 2575 1629 946 751 270 481 19 Sydapuram 22298 13729 8569 19695 12908 6787 2603 821 1782 20 Munagapadu 114 78 36 31 30 1 83 48 35 21 Perumallapadu 1537 955 582 1314 925 389 223 30 193 22 Malichedu 285 154 131 137 113 24 148 41 107 23 Kalichedu 726 511 215 638 472 166 88 39 49

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24 Devaravemur 712 409 303 686 402 284 26 7 19 25 Orupalle @ Turimerla 921 631 290 672 550 122 249 81 168 26 Orupalle 154 99 55 102 92 10 52 7 45 27 Tocham 276 186 90 199 156 43 77 30 47 28 Krishnareddipalle 251 156 95 190 139 51 61 17 44 29 Thimmanaramapura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Komatigunta Rajupalem 423 234 189 332 210 122 91 24 67 31 Gulimcherla 346 240 106 184 139 45 162 101 61 32 Chaganam 1831 1066 765 1475 898 577 356 168 188 33 Jaflapuram 143 83 60 141 82 59 2 1 1 34 Jogipalle 170 106 64 160 103 57 10 3 7 35 Utukur 911 632 279 867 628 239 44 4 40 36 Pokkandala 288 164 124 247 148 99 41 16 25 37 Griddalur 2051 1401 650 1997 1385 612 54 16 38 38 Ramasagaram 1189 721 468 1074 708 366 115 13 102 39 Molakalapundla 2744 1732 1012 2665 1709 956 79 23 56 40 Raganaramapuram 201 127 74 169 118 51 32 9 23 41 Thippireddipalle 234 134 100 210 130 80 24 4 20 42 Lingasamudram 467 267 200 427 243 184 40 24 16 43 Thokalapudi 165 83 82 165 83 82 0 0 0 44 Samudralavari 100 54 46 97 54 43 3 0 3 Khandrika 45 Adhvanna 144 79 65 144 79 65 0 0 0 Punarayanakattubadi 46 Kommipadu 1198 715 483 1180 709 471 18 6 12 47 Ananthamadugu 1125 615 510 1020 590 430 105 25 80 Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-AP.html 3 - 83

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3.12.9 Education The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state. As per the school information report for the academic year 2017–18, there are a total of 4,489 schools. These include: 21 government, 3,140 mandal and zilla parishads, 2 residential, 1,077 private, 10 model, 10 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 106 municipal and 123 other types of schools. The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 3,95,092.

3.12.10 Primary survey The primary data collection has been done process of field study along with FEA and teams members. This Study has focused on the collection of baseline demographic and socio-economic information through a standardized survey focusing on household composition, education levels, general health status, livelihood strategies, employment, and income and expenditure. The survey took the form of a census in villages of 10 km radius.

A primary survey was conducted on data of 60 participants among the local communities within the study area to know the community perception on proposed project. The convenient sampling techniques are used to administer a questionnaire on the existing awareness among the community on the project and its potential impacts. This survey was focused on five major dimensions such as 1) economical, 2) social & cultural, 3) health & wellbeing, 4) public infrastructure and 5) Personal and psychological aspects to assess that significant impact differences about this proposed project. This study has been carried on population living in the 10 villages. The hamlets covered within10 KM of core and buffer areas such as Chaganam, Utukur Griddaluru, Jaflapuram, Tocham, Malichedu, Vinduru, Duggunta, Degapudi, Sankurathripalle and Sanayapalem. The following findings are summarized as follows.

Primary survey The major role of primary study is to bring out the positive as well as negative impacts due to this proposed project.

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CHAPTER –III M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT DRAFT EIA REPORT

Table 3.33 Different amenities in the study area- 2011census

S. Name of Number Type of amenity available No. CD Block of Education* Medical^ Drinking Post office Telephone Transport Banks@ Agricultural Approach Power inhabited water # ** communications credit by pucca supply villages $ societies road 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 23 Rapur 34 33 ( 97.06) 34 ( 100) 34 ( 100) 16 ( 47.06) 34 ( 100) 26 ( 76.47) 1 ( 2.94) 1 ( 2.94) 20(58.82) 34 ( 100) 24 Podalakur 36 36 ( 100) 36 ( 100) 36 ( 100) 23 ( 63.89) 36 ( 100) 36 ( 100) 3 ( 8.33) 1 ( 2.78) 31(86.11) 36 ( 100) 32 Gudur 21 21 ( 100) 21 ( 100) 21 ( 100) 15 ( 71.43) 21 ( 100) 21 ( 100) 1 ( 4.76) 0 ( 0) 20(95.24) 21 ( 100) 33 Sydapuram 33 32 ( 96.97) 14 ( 42.42) 33 ( 100) 20 ( 60.61) 33 ( 100) 25 ( 75.76) 4 ( 12.12) 1 ( 3.03) 22(66.67) 33 ( 100)

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3.12.11 Economical impact Economical aspect mainly focused on direct and indirect economical changes within the study area due to proposed project. A well known fact that mines and mineral activity will generate economy in various aspect, which has more benefit to the local communities in the form of employment and economy to the government in the form of taxes and other related sources. It is approximately estimated total 22 workers might be required to conduct the pre and post mining operations and provide administrative support for the proposed operations for this project. In this connection, the local educated people could have an opportunity to work as technical employees and uneducated people might be have chance to work as unskilled or labor in this project. These people will be recruited as technical back ground like; technicians, quality control departments, service providers, supervisors in this project. The uneducated persons might be useful as labor and helpers. Hence, there would be more economical flow and the people who are in the middle and low poverty line can be come out through employability due to this project. An influx of population into the project area, including contracted construction teams, will increase the demand for goods and services. Increases in income-earning opportunities will also increase spending potential, providing opportunities for supply of such services, indirectly increasing the overall wealth of the area. As a part of Corporate Social Responses (CSR) and District Magistrate Funds (DMF) funds, the proposed and nearest villages may be have funds to village’s development based on village need and demand.

3.12.12 Social and cultural impacts It is also observed from the survey; there may not be out migration with proposed project. But, a very less people will be in migrated due to employability form outside study area. Other than there is no rehabilitation plan. In the context of cultural aspect, it can be said that people were positively responded towards this project and most of villagers in and around the study areas are well connected with mining related works and accepted these related works as part of life. Hence, It can be said that people may not be have break ups with cohesion, may not have any differences in social and cultural norms due to this project.

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3.12.13 Health & wellbeing impacts The Mobile sources of air pollutants include heavy vehicles used in excavation operations, cars that transport personnel at the mining site, and trucks that transport mining materials. The level of polluting emissions from these sources depends on the fuel and conditions of the equipment. Even though individual emission can be relatively small, collectively these emissions can be of real concern. Vehicles and excavations could be increased ambient noise and decrease air quality through dust. Noise and dust may lead to increased irritation especially in the directly affected communities, which may cause social distress, reaction against the project, and possible health impacts. Noise and air quality studies are included in the full ESIA and associated impacts need to refer to the social environment.

The site is situated away to the community living and most of respondent are answered there is no problem due to this project. However, by using health and safety measures could reduce impact on local populations throughout the operational phase.

3.12.14 Public infrastructure and Services It was observed from the participant perception that connectivity sources might be increased due to this project, like extension of roads, connectivity to the surround villages. Construction activities may be led to a significant increase in vehicular traffic, because, increased traffic leads to deterioration of these access routes and the creation of dust. It is estimated that the proposed project will be making remarkable changes to the local people by providing the infrastructure development or extension of roads for smooth transportation of vehicle, increase of private services due to the activity, frequent health camps will be campaigned for local people. By increasing of connectivity, people have more opportunities to enrich their business in various sectors.

3.12.15 Personal and psychological Impact It is observed from personal and psychological context, most of the respondents have positive attitude towards this project. Participants felt that have more economical and infrastructure benefits due to this project. And another words, it comes to known people have thought of expression towards encouraging new industries. Hence, this

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could be more helpful to the coming generations, in context of education, business and employment aspect.

Table 3.34 Summary of anticipated social impact assessment and mitigation measures Potential Impact Mitigation Measure(s) Establishment of a “local labour desk” at the Creation of employment opportunities mining contractor offices to identify a local labour pool. Opportunities for skills development and Implementation of skills development training programmes to ensure support local population in obtaining employment opportunities. Increase in business opportunities in local  Opportunities for developing business services caused by increased demand for opportunities in Community goods and services and spending power Development Plan. from workers  Consider funding small business development. No Impact on population Distributions, and Population characteristics in study area, hence no mitigation envisaged including distributions by age, sex, ethnic groups, educational level and family size o Periodic Health Check up of Health and social services in study area, Construction Workers & necessary including health, workforce, law medication if required enforcement, fire protection, water supply, wastewater treatment facilities, solid waste o Periodic Check on Potable Water collection and disposal and utilities supplied and good house keeping practices. No Impact on migration trends as local Migration trends in study area labour utilized during construction and very few people of non locals with necessary expertise during Construction & Operation stage.

3.12.16 Need assessment Primary consultations identified certain key needs that are also indicative of the local community’s attitude towards development in the study area:  Most of the respondent expressed that they need employment opportunities on regular or contractual bases to the local community during construction and operations;

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 Civic amenities to the villagers such as drinking water facilities, roads other related needs  Educational facilities for local village people in the form providing infrastructure to the Govt. schools, helping for poor students etc.;  Skill development programs to the unemployed educated people  Village and community development services  Medical camp facilities to the villages specifically for old people and women.

3.12.17 Conclusion The present Social Impact Assessment study was conducted to M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, mining of Road Metal & Gravel. It has traditionally involved the use of technical and participatory analytical methods to anticipate change but also encouraging the life cycle of projects to minimize negative outcomes and maximize benefits. The early consideration of social impacts, the alignment of activities with regional and community planning objectives, and meaningful participation of community in decision making are key features. Apart from the SIA process and findings it can be concluded that most the respondents have positive pulse towards implementation of the proposed project.

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CHAPTER – IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT & MITIGATION MEASURES

CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 INTRODUCTION The mining activity especially opencast mining is likely to make significant changes in land use pattern. This activity may adversely impact existing Environmental conditions, biological attributes and existing ecosystem & associated biodiversity unless proper environmental management plan is adopted. This mining project has both positive as well as negative impacts on Environment.

Impact prediction is a very important phenomenon in evaluating the environmentally potential adverse impacts for mining project. The impact prediction is always carried out under worst possible conditions so as to mitigate or to eliminate the Environmental hazards. These predictions thus calculated are superimposed over the baseline data (the quality of Environment in the vicinity of the project site) so as to calculate the net impact on the Environment after the project comes into production.

In this chapter, considering the Environmental baseline scenario as enlisted in Chapter IIIand the mining activity described in Chapter II, it is attempted to predict the likely impacts, their extent on various parameters and likely mitigation measures to be adopted.

Table: 4.1Expected Nature of Impacts ASPECT IMPACT

Fugitive dust, Effects on air quality, ecology due to increase in PM10&

Air emissions. PM2.5, SO2, and NOXand free silica levels depending up on the type of process of amining. Noise emissions & Effects community noise environment of the region due to Vibrations. increase in day night equivalent noise levels. Transportation Impact on existing infrastructure.

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Table: 4.2 Identified/Predicted Environmental Impacts with & without Mitigation Measures

Impact Impact without Mitigation measure S.No Description Activity Effect after Remarks mitigation proposed mitigation measure Impact on Excavation Changes in land High  At the end of the mining Medium The Topography use pattern period a large slice of topographical & Drainage bench with sub benches changes caused will be formed in an area due to mining of 9.1724Ha. activity can be  Development of Green transformed into Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer social benefit by zone and avenue adopting and 1 plantation along implementing approach road. proper  After removal of mineral reclamation plan the benches are formed below the surface level and the top benches will be applied with top soil and developed with grasses and plantation

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 The pits formed will be used as water storage structures.  The mining activity will not intersect with ground water.

Air Pollution Excavation operation Fugitive dust High  Covered aprons with Low Localized effect emissions nose masks will be which can be

effecting provided to the work mitigated with ambient air force. controlled 2 quality &  Regular inspection and mining practices workers health maintenance of machinery will be practiced.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

Blasting Dust emissions High  Covered aprons with Low Periodical nose masks will be impact on air provided to the work environment force.  Controlled blasting will be practiced.  Delayed detonators will be used.  Wet jacketed drilling will be implemented.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

Loading & Dispatch. Fugitive dust High  Mineral load on transport Low Localized effect effecting air vehicles will be covered which can be quality & health with tarpaulin. mitigated effect  Water will be sprinkled regularly along the haulage & approach roads  Vehicular speed will be limited to 25KMPH.  Haul road compaction and grading at periodic intervals will be practiced.  Green belt development on either side of the approach roads.

Vehicular movement and Release of SO2 Low  Regular maintenance of Negligible machinery operation and NOx due to vehicles and machineries combustion of will be practiced to fossil fuels improve their efficiency

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

Water Run off from surrounding Siltation of mine High During mining activities Low Negligible effect Pollution area into ML area and pits. desiltation works will be which can be

viseversa carried out regularly. mitigated

Garland drains and siltation ponds will be constructed to avoid runoff from the mine area.

Rainwater collected in mine pits and siltation ponds will 3 be used for water sprinkling/green belt development or released in to the nearby natural flow after proper desiltation.

Increases BOD High Domestic waste water Low Negligible effect Domestic effluents from levels of the generated is treated through which can be mine area water bodies if septic tank followed by soak mitigated released directly pit

Seepage of mine water to Contaminates High  No effluents will released Low Negligible effect

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

aquifers Ground water from this mine which can be  Mining activity will not mitigated intersect with aquifer.

Soil Erosion Exposure of soil results in Loss of soil and High  Regular water sprinkling Low Effect can be soil erosion accreditation of is carried out during mitigated by deposits in other mining activities. practicing area  After removal of mineral control the top benches will be measures. applied with top soil and 4 grasses and plantation will be developed  Plantation development (plants with soil binding capacity) on plain area is encouraged.

Noise Excavation&transportation Increase of High  Excavation is through Low Localized effect Pollution & of vehicles Ambient noise semi mechanized which can be 5 Vibrations levels resulting operations. mitigated

Health effects  Proper maintenance and periodic lubrication of

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noise generating parts of the machinery & vehicle machines.  PPE such as ear plug will be supplied for the workers.  Vehicle speed is controlled to a maximum of 25KMPH  Green belt development.

Blasting Increase of High  Controlled blasting will Medium No human Ambient noise be practiced to regulate habitation is levels and ground vibrations within located near the Vibrations the limits. mine area, thus  Delayed detonators will there will be no be used. impact for local  PPEs such as Ear plugs people.

will be supplied for Nearest village worker’s protection. is Munagapadu  Early warning signs prior village at a

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

to blasting will be given distance of 0.88 by the mine km. management.  Trespassers will be avoided.

Biological & Operational activities of The mine area High  Development of Green Medium No notable Socio- mine comprised Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer biodiversity economic thorny-scrub zoneand along approach resources are aspect vegetation with roads with preference to present within very few tree locally adapted species. the mine site species.  After complete exploration of the mineral 6 the land on top benches will be applied top soil and developed with grasses and plantation.

Positive socio --  Medical/first aid Positive -- economic effect. facilities, Employment opportunities., Water supply, communication

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

will be enhanced due to the mine activity  Green belt along the safety zone of ML area will be developed.

Occupational Operational activities of Pulmonary High Provision of appropriate Low Medical/ Life Health & mine like excavation, health effects PPE viz., nose masks, hand insurance & Safety loading and transportation predicted and gloves, shoes and aprons Workman 7 other minor compensation First aid/Medical check injuries. procedures will facilities will be provided be followed.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 IMPACTS ON CLIMATE: The temperature and rainfall pattern is a regional behavior and is not likely to be affected due to mining activity over a small area. The mining operation, therefore, is not likely to have any adverse impact on rainfall pattern. Some local effect may be perceived due to mining, tree cutting and creation of voids in the lease area.

The wind speed in any area is dependent upon local topography and generation of elevation and depression of pressure changes in the region. The controlling factors for the pressure changes lie much beyond the control of small area under mining operations. Thus, no adverse impact on the regional wind speed is anticipated due to the mining operations.

The pattern of relative humidity depends mainly on the rainfall, wind, temperature and other weather phenomenon that regional in behavior. The mining operation is not likely to have any impact on the relative humidity in the surrounding areas.

4.2 AIR QUALITY The impact on air quality due to production of Road metal& Gravel with maximum proposed production of about275949 m3/annum&14109 m3/annum respectivelyislimited to the mining lease area. TheRoad Metal (dolerite) by nature is hard so drilling and blasting is mandatory.The operations involve drilling, blasting, excavation by excavators and transportation to crushing unit (outside the mine lease area) as per market demand.

The major source for dust emissions are from excavation operations and transportation of the material. The mine rated capacity and the baseline ambient air qualityvalues were monitored during non-monsoon season reflects the emissions in thearea. The impact due to mining activities and transport of material has beenconsidered to estimate the contribution of dust levels to the existingambient air quality by the mine.

4.2.1 Quantitative estimation of impacts on air environment Following options has been employed to predict the ground level concentrations due to emissions from mine. 1. Area being rural, rural dispersion parameters is considered.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

2. Predictions have been carried out to estimate concentration valuesover radial distance of10 km around the sources. 3. Polar receptor network has been considered. 4. Emission rates from the point sources and area sources wereconsidered as constant during the entire period. 5. The ground level concentrations computed were as is basis withoutany consideration of decay coefficient. 6. Calm winds recorded during the study period were also taken intoconsideration. 7. Site specific meteorological data to estimate ground level concentrations for period of November20 to January21.

4.2.2 Sources of dust emission Based on the various operations involved in the production, the various emission sources at each stage have been identified as given below. a. Area sources b. Line sources Area Sources: Drilling, blasting & excavation by excavators and directly load into the Tippers/Tractors operations of the mine are considered as area sources.

Line Sources: Transportation from mining pit to crushing unit/end users is considered as line sources.

The impacts of emission from above sources on air environment are discussed below:

4.2.3 Emission details All the emissions discussed above are quantified for material handling for Road metal& Gravelof 275949 m3/annumand 14109 m3/annum respectively. The existing baseline concentrations are already covered in the baseline scenario (Chapter - III). Operational hours and activity rate have been considered for estimation of emissions from point and area sources. For line source, apart from operational hours and activity rate, moisture and silt content of the haulage road have been considered.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.2.4 Meteorological data The meteorological data recorded continuously during the months of November 2020 to January2021 on hourly basis on wind speed, wind direction and temperature has been processed to extract the 24 – hourlymeteorological data.

4.2.5 Assumptions made in the prediction of air pollution impacts For the purpose of computation of rise in the ground level concentrations due tomining operations, the following assumptions have beenconsidered.

Mining operations are carried out for a period of 8-10 hours a day and hence it is not a continuous source of emission. And other operations may not be simultaneous and continuous. However, for the prediction of worst-case concentration, the sources mentioned in the above are assumed to be under simultaneous and continuous operation for8-hours.

4.2.6 Summary of predicted ground level concentrations of particulate matter By using the above-mentioned inputs, ground level concentrations due to the mining activities have been estimated to know the incremental rise and distance of impact in the studyarea.

The major source of dust pollution is from mining operations and transportation activities. This raises suspended particulate matter concentrations in the mine area. Another major activity being transport from the working pit to the stock pile and stock pile to end users, the dust levels are distributed all along the transport route from themine.

4.2.7 Air Quality Mitigation Measures Preventing dispersal of air borne dust. The main constitute of air pollutants from this mine will be suspended particulate matter.The following mitigation measures will be brought into practice for maintaining emissionswithin permissible limits. 1. Controlled blasting techniques with delayed detonators will be employed. Small quantities of explosives will be used for blasting. The blasted blocks (temporary) arewetted by spraying water. 2. Wet jacketed drilling method will be implemented.

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3. Avoiding blasting during high windy periods, night times and temperatureinversion periods. 4. Effective water sprinkling at the time of mining operation i.e., excavation andloading. 5. Development of Green Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer zoneand avenue plantation along approach road. 6. Material should be transported by truck which will be covered by tarpaulin. 7. Haul roads and approach roads should be graded to minimize dust suspension. 8. Sprinkling of water over unpaved/haul roads. 9. Regular air monitoring will be taken so that necessary steps can be practiced tocontrol emissions.

Controlling gaseous emissions Since the proposed activities are not expected to generate considerable quantities of gaseous

emissions such as NOx and SO2, hence there is no need of any special measures. However, the following measures shall be implemented during operation as precautionary measures.  Controlled blasting techniques will be employed.  Water sprinkling arrangements such as specially fabricated tankers mounted on tipper are deployed at mine site to control the fugitive dust generation from the haulage roads.  The vehicles and machinery will be maintained in good condition so that emission of gaseous constituents will be minimized.

 Periodical monitoring of air quality will be done to take steps for controlling the pollutant emissions.

4.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT 4.3.1 Impacts on surface water bodies and control measures The operation of Road Metal mining activity will require water for drilling by wet jacketand for drinking/domestic purposein addition to dust suppression/plantation purpose. Hence, no impact on the quality of surface and ground water is expected. Whereas the core zone will ultimately fall in safe zone, there is no possibility of any changes in the water quality. The

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chemical analysis of water samples collected reveal that there is no significant change in the constituents and surface water and ground water in the nearby mining areas have remained suitable for all purposes and all constituents within the water standards of IS-10500-2004.

No prominent water bodies are present within the mine lease area. Nearest water body is a Penna river isat a distance of 2.07 km due SEfrom the mine area.

The total water requirement is about 13.0KLD for various activities such as,  Green-belt watering  Dust suppression  Domestic use.  Wet jacketed drilling

The processes of mining do not generate any hazardous liquid effluent except domestic liquid waste. About 0.8 KLD of domestic effluent will be generated during mine operations, the same will be treated through septic tank followed by soak pit.

The water requirement will be met from water supply through tankers from nearby village & no bore well is proposed.

The mining operations will be carried out throughout the year avoiding rainy days. Rain water collected in mine pits are withdrawn and will be used for water plants and sprinkling on haul roads.

4.3.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING During mining operationsthe rain water stored in mine pit area is pumped out to carry out excavation operations without hindrance and will be used for regular water sprinkling/ watering plants. Garland drains will be constructed to collect rain water in to the siltation pond and will be allowed to soak in to the aquifer. At the end of mine life, rain water collected in pit will be allowed to soak into the ground for recharging the ground water table.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.3.3 IMPACTS ON GROUND WATER TABLE Shallower aquifers are observed during monsoon period. Deeper ground water depths are observed during summer season ranging from 40 to 50 m from the ground surface level. The maximum and minimum depth of mine workings range between 1 to 40 m from the hill slope. There will be no intersection of ground water table due to mining.Hence, the possible impacts on the ground water table because of open cast mining will be minimal.

4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Land environment is divided into the following three components  Solid waste management  Soil Erosion  Reclamation of degraded areas  Afforestation /Plantation/ Greenbelt development 4.4.1 Solid waste generation 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. Hence, there is no need of waste dump management. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure.

4.4.2 Soil Erosion: The mine activity will expose out the loose earthy material which leads to soil erosion through runoff or wind action. This may cause in deposition of silt in low-lying water bodies.

This effects can be controlled by following the below suggested conservation practices.  Regular water sprinkling is carried out during mining activities.  After removal of mineral the top benches will be applied with top soil and grasses and plantation will be developed.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

 Plantation development (plants with soil binding capacity) on plain area is encouraged.  Construction of garland drains should be done to avoid siltation of nearby water sources.

4.4.3 Reclamation of degraded areas i) Impact due to land degradation The mine lease areaof 10.117hectares is a Govt. waste land. The QL applied area is located on a hill raised 38 m above ground level within the lease area with topo relief of 38 m.At the end of the mining period a large slice of bench with sub benches will be formed in an area of 9.1724 Ha.

However the proponent is maintaining Development of Green Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation along approach roads.The waste water generated from the domestic front is mainly from toilets and will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit.No other effluents will be disposed on land or nearby water source.

ii) Land reclamation Control Measures Opencast mining activity will change land use pattern of the present mine area. There will be no top soil generation during this mine operation. The land degradation is minimal and restricted only to the mining area and the facilities within the mine lease boundary.

iii) Reclamation of land affected due to mining activities. The Proponent must take steps to keep the granted lease area under disturbance at any stage to the minimum. This can be achieved by ensuring reclamation practices.

Since it is envisaged that the quarry will be operate for at least for 7 years. After removal of mineral the benches below the surface level the top benches will be applied with top soil and developed with grass and plantation. The pits created will be used as rain water harvesting structure.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

iv) Soil conservation measures and Top soil management The top soil generation will be minimal and will be used for green belt development. It is planned to convert the mined out area for water harvesting structure.

v) Maintenance of road The road for movement of trucks to the mine will be kept in good condition during the reclamation/afforestation period till the mine is fully reclaimed and afforested. The material required for planting and growth of plants and trees, measures, water etc. can be transported to the site by trucks.

4.4.4 Programof Afforestation It is proposed during the ensuing scheme period Green Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer zone on and along approach roadsin phased manner during the plan period of the mine. The year wise program of tree plantation is as given in the tablebelow:

Table: 4.3 Details of Green Belt Plantation

Year No. of saplings 1st 100 2nd 200 3rd 200 4th 250 5th 250 Total 1000

4.4.5 IMPACT ON LAND USE AND RECLAMATION MEASURES: Open cast semi mechanized mining activities may alter the landscape of the lease area and also some disturbance to the surface features of the surrounding areas. The total mine lease area is about 10.117Ha. During the mining period an area of 9.1724Ha of land will be mined out.

Development of Green Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation along approach roads. It can be used for native species plantation at the end of the mining activity.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENTAND VIBRATIONS: 4.5.1 Impact due to Noise and Vibration At mines, noise is generated by movement of machinery &transportation by vehicles, etc. The noise level in the working environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA) which has been adopted and enforced by the Govt. of India through model rules framed under Factories Act, 1980 and CPCB 2000 norms. The summary of the permissible exposures in case of continuous noise as per above rules is given below:

Table No: 4.4Noise impact Total time of exposure Sound pressure Remarks per day in hour dB(A) 1 2 ---- 8.0 90 No exposure in excess of 115 dB(A) is permissible 6.0 92 -- 4.0 95 For any period of exposure falling in 3.0 97 between any figure and lower figure as 2.0 100 indicated in column (1), the 1 ½ 102 permissible sound is to be determined 1 105 by extrapolation or proportionate ¾ 107 scale. ½ 110 ¼ 115

Noise at lower levels (sound pressure) is quite acceptable and does not have any bad effect on human beings, but when it is abnormally high- it incurs some maleficent effects. For the proposed operations, the noise is expected to be generated from machineries used for this project.

The causes for noise pollution from this proposed mining activity are. 1. Drilling 2. Blasting,

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

3. Excavation operations 4. Transportation of the material

Vibrations will be generated from blasting activities carried within the mine area.

4.5.2 Noise and Vibration Control Measures The ambient noise level monitoring carried out has revealed that the ambient noise levels are well within the prescribed limits. However, the following measures will further tend to abate the noise levels:  Excavation of Road metal& Gravel is through semi mechanized operations by digging, blasting and excavating by excavator.  Proper maintenance and periodic lubrication of noise generating parts of the machinery & vehicle machines.  Vehicle speed will berestricted to a maximum of 25KMPH  Controlled blasting and Delayed detonators will be practiced to regulate noise levels within the limits.  A thick tree plantation will be developed.  Provision of silencers, to module the noise generated by the machines, where ever required.  Equipments with permissible noise level will be procured.  Provision of Protective Devices like ear muffs/ear plugs will be provided to workmen.

Control of ground vibrations  During blasting, proper blast pattern should be adopted. The latest technology delay blasting should be adopted to reduce the impact on the ground vibration and noise generation during blasting operations.  Shock tube initiation system with sequential blasting should be adopted.  Charge weights per delay should be properly adopted so that the peak particle velocity will be maintained as per the DGMS requirement.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.6 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND STACKING OF WASTES 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. Hence, there is no need of waste dump management. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 4.7.1 Impacts on Biological Environment Mining activities generally result in the deforestation, land degradation, water, air and noise pollution which directly or indirectly affect the faunal and floral status of the project area. However, occurrence and magnitude of these impacts are entirely dependent upon the project location, mode of operation and technology involved. Impact prediction is the main footstep in impact evaluation and identifies project actions that are likely to bring significant changes in the project environment. The present study was carried out to predict the likely impacts of the proposed Road Metal and Gravel Mine of M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushersat Utlapalem Village surrounding environment with special reference to biological attributes covering habitats/ecosystems and associated biodiversity. Although impacts on key habitat elements will occur on a local scale, but on a regional scale they would not be critical for the life cycle needs of the species observed or expected. Moreover the successive reclamation of mined out areas, following completion of mining activities, will replace habitat resources for fauna species in this locality over a longer time.

The lease area comprised thorny-scrub vegetation owing to dry and hot summer season. The lease area is having very few tree species. Apart from few tree species some grasses and shrubs observed within the mine lease area. Wild life is not commonly found in the lease area and its immediate environs because of lack of vegetal cover and surface water. Except domestic animals, wild animals commonly observed are reptiles, fox, and some birds.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.7.2 Mitigation Measures Keeping all in mind the mitigations have been suggested under environmental management plan. With the understanding of the role of plant species as bio-filter to control air pollution, appropriate plant species (mainly tree species) have been suggested conceding the area/site requirements and needed performance of specific species.

In order to compensate the loss of vegetation cover, it is suggested to carry outafforestation program mainly in buffer zone ofmine lease area earmarked for plantation program in different phases. This habitat improvement program would ensure the faunal species to re- colonize and improve the abundance status in the core zone.In order to improve the fodder availability some of the grass species suggested growing within the plantation area proposed by the proponent as silvopastural adaptation in the initial phase. Wherever mining is completed, area of top benches will be grown with some grass species by applying some fertile top soil before the onset of monsoon season. This can provide fodder for the local livestock and also act as protective measure for soil erosion.

4.7.3 Greenbelt Development Development of the green belt is one of the most sensitive issues and shall be done with due care. Selection of proper locally grown species in addition to checking of their growth rate, quality, thickness of canopy cover, etc. shall be duly done as it helps in abatement of fugitive noise, reduce the pollution level, thus making the place worth dwelling for the diversified species flora. The plant species suitable for green belt development need to be selected based on the flowing criteria.  Native plant species will be preferred  Fast growing plants will be planted  Plants having thick canopy cover will be used  Preferably perennial and evergreen species will be selected  Plants having large leaf area index will be considered  Road sides will be planted with local vegetation

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

While making choice of plant species for cultivation in green belts, weightage has to be given to the natural factor of bio-climate. It is also presumed that the selected plants will be grown as per normal horticultural or forestry practices.

Trees are important sinks for air pollutants. Trees absorb noise and by enhancing the green cover, improve the ecology and aesthetics and affect the local micrometeorology. Trees also have major long-term impacts on soil quality and the ground water table. By using suitable plant species, green belts can be developed in strategic zones to provide protection from emitted and noise.

In view of this, the list of species to be planted in the green belt area is illustrated below. The suitable variety/species shall be finalized in consultation with local forest officer and horticultural experts. Mixed plantation shall be done keeping optimum spacing between the saplings.

Table 4.5Selected Lists of Plant Species for Greenbelt Development S.No. Botanical name Family 1 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae 2 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 3 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae 4 Delonix regia Mimosaceae 5 Feronia elephanta Rutaceae 6 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 7 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 8 Hardwickia binata Fabaceae 9 Mangifera indica Anacariaceae 10 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 11 Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae 12 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae 13 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.8 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS During mine operation Road Metal : 275949 m3/annum Gravel (only for one year) : 14109 m3/annum Truck Capacity : 18m3 No. of trips/day : 60trips/day

4.8.1 Impact on road network Following control measures will implemented for traffic management.  Usage of project vehicles will be restricted near sensitive zones such as schools, settlements etc.  Speed of the vehicles will be restricted to 25 KMPH.  Vehicular movement will be restricted to specific routes.  Adequate training on traffic and road safety operations will be provided to the drivers.  Routine maintenance vehicles will be ensured to prevent any abnormal emissions and high noise generation.  Road network within site and nearby site will be developed.  The entry and exit points carefully designed to avoid any disturbance to traffic and will have enough buffer before merging into the main roads. However mine is operational since last long and no issue related with traffic congestion.  Signal for speed limit will be placed and are maintained.

4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 4.9.1 Impact on socio-economic conditions No displacement of people is envisaged from the ML area. The acquired ML area involves10.117 Ha of hill portion. The lease area is unfit for agriculture as it is strewed with small stones/boulders. The surrounding inhabitants are mainly agricultural oriented& mine workers. Unemployment and under-employment are the main problems of inhabitants.

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

Communication facilities are already present in the village and first aid facility, rest shelters and other facilities will be provided by the proponent as Corporate Environment Responsibility which will be positively benefited the local population.

Other beneficial impacts can be  Increase in employment opportunities.  Enhance the capabilities of education.  Growth in service sectors.  Increase in consumer prices of indigenous produce and services, land prices, house rent rates and labor cost.  Improvement in socio-cultural Environment of the study area.  Improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services. The overall impact on the Socio economic Environment will be beneficial.

4.9.2 Impact on Human Settlement The area is surrounded by few small villages and towns where some people are working as daily labor. The main occupation of the local people is Cultivation and sheep rearing.

4.10 IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY During the high windy days in summer the Road Metal& Gravelcould be the problems for eyes like itching and watering of eyes. Dust in air can be a health hazard leading to respiratory issues such as asthma and irritating the lungs and bronchial passages.Air Blast and fly rock may pose problem during blasting.

For mitigating the aspects following measures will be implemented:

 Regular water sprinkling on haul roads.  Periodical medical examinations will be carried out for the workers as per norms,  Medical records will be maintained,  Medical facilities to the workers,  Any early symptom of diseases, if observed, such workers will be taken off in the dusty atmosphere and suitably employed elsewhere,

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CHAPTER-IV M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & DRAFT EIA REPORT MITIGATION MEASURES

 Personal Protective Equipments such as helmets, safety shoes and aprons with nose masks will be provided to the workers,  Good quality water will be provided to the workers and proper test for water quality to be carried out regularly.  A well equipped first aid facility will be available in mine lease area,  Safety of the employee during operations, maintenance of mining equipments will be taken care as per Mine Regulations 1961.  Effective communication system like mobile phones, land line phones, e-mail etc. facilities will be available at the mine site.  Uniforms will be provided to the workers and they will be allowed to go home after changing clothes.  Controlled blasting with delay detonators will be practiced.  Early warning sign prior to blasting will be given.  Trespassers are not allowed during blasting.

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CHAPTER – V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-V DRAFT EIA REPORT ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.0 GENERAL The analysis of alternative is the process of comparing potential impacts and mitigation options of a series of alternative location, technologies, operation to identify optimal alternatives.

5.1 ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGY M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy proposed to mine Road Metal and Gravel from an approved mining lease area extending over an extent of 10.117 Ha. in Survey No: USL (Un-Surveyed Land) of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. The maximum proposed production capacity of 275949 m3/annum of Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year). The area is situated at a distance of 0.88 km from Munagapadu Village.

The production technology for excavation of Road Metal and Gravel is open cast semi mechanized method of mining with the help of drilling, blasting and excavation by excavators. Road metal (dolerite) is hard mineral, so blasting and drilling are unavoidable activities for this mine. The technology suggested is best suited for Road Metal production and will be implemented in safe, environmental friendly manner. Gravel is directly excavated by the excavators.

5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE The mineral is site specific, hence there are no alternative sites considered. Mining activities are carried out based on local geology and availability of the mineral in the old existing pits.

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CHAPTER –VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DRAFT EIA REPORT PROGRAMME.

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Success of any environmental management programme depends upon the efficiency of the organizational set up responsible for Implementation of the programme. Post project monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of any project activity. Hence monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out a regular basis to ascertain the following:  State of pollution within the mine and in its vicinity.  To assess and monitor environmental impacts.  Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.  Examine the efficiency of pollution control system like regular water sprinkling, wet jacketed drilling adopted at the site.

Environmental monitoring will be taken up for various environmental components as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF & Consent to operate issued by the State Pollution Control Board. Compliance of same will be submitted to respective authorities on regular basis. The Management will assign the third party which is recognized by MoEF & CC to monitor the environmental parameters of the mine site and the surroundings as per the schedule and will maintain the log books.

6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

In order to maintain the environmental quality within the stipulated standard, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary which will be complied as per condition, for this an Environmental Management Cell shall be constituted

The structure of the team proposed for environmental management is a simple one; this is due to the limited size of the organization. As the employees are mostly unskilled labourers and the operating size of the management is small, it is better that a member of senior management or a manager level employee assumes the responsibility of complying with proposed environmental measures.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DRAFT EIA REPORT PROGRAMME.

6.2 MONITORING AROUND THE MINE SITE a. Meteorology The Management will assign the third party which is recognized by MoEF & CC to monitor the weather conditions of the mine site and the surroundings as per the schedule and will maintain the log books.

b. Ambient air quality monitoring Ambient air quality will be monitored in the mine site and in the surrounding villages through a third party as per the guidelines.

c. Ground water monitoring Ground water levels for physical and chemical parameters will be monitored in and around the mine site premises during the pre and post monsoon seasons.

d. Wastewater sampling The wastewater sample will be collected regularly for analysis.

6.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING PROGRAMME In order to maintain the environmental quality within the standards, regular monitoring of various environmental components is necessary.

The proponent will allocate Rs. 7.7 Lakhs capital and 6.0 Lakhs/annum budget towards environmental protection initiatives, out of which 0.5 Lakhs/annum will be spent towards environmental monitoring.

6.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Regular monitoring of various Environmental parameters shall be carried out to ascertain the following points,  Status of air, noise, water, land pollution within the mining activity and in its vicinity;  Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution; and  To assess and monitor Environmental impacts periodically.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DRAFT EIA REPORT PROGRAMME.

6.4 MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Table: 6.1 Monitoring Schedule for Environmental Parameters S. No. Particulars Monitoring Frequency IMP. Monitoring Parameters 1. Water and Waste Water Once in a month Quality Pre monsoon and pH, TDS, BOD, COD a. Domestic Effluent Post monsoon season pH, TDS, BOD, COD b. Ground Water Quality 2. Air Quality

a. Ambient Air Quality Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

Monitoring at mine site NOX & other sampling locations given in the report 3. Noise levels in and around Quarterly Noise levels - Mine site Day and Night in dB(A)

6.5 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The mitigation measures suggested above should be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed mining activities. In order to facilitate easy implementation, the mitigation measures are phased as per the priority of implementation. The implementation schedule is given as below (Table - 6.2). Table - 6.2 Implementation Schedule Sl. Recommendations Time Immediate Progressive Discretion of the No. Requirement Management 1 Air pollution Before * -- -- control measures commissioning of respective units 2 Water pollution Before * -- --

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DRAFT EIA REPORT PROGRAMME.

control measures percolation/see page and dewatering starts 3 Noise control Along with the * -- -- measures commissioning of the mine project 4 Ecological Stage wise * * -- preservation and implementation Up gradation 5 Land Stage wise * * -- reclamation/Soil implementation waste management 6 Socio-economic As per the CER -- * * measures proposals of the company and the need of the local residents Note (*) indicates implementation of recommendations

6.6 MONITORING EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLES 1. Handy samplers 2. Respirable Dust Sampler / Fine Particulate Sampler 3. Meteorological station

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CHAPTER –VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION: As per the EIA Notification 2006, amendment 2009 public consultation is not required for the proposed project, as the mine is below 25 hectares. But as per the latest National Green Tribunal (NGT) New Delhi issued orders in O.A. No. 186 of 2016 dated 13.09.2018 & in E.A. No. 55/2018 of O.A. No. 520/2016 dated 11.12.2018 & Office Memorandum F. No. L-11011/175/2018-IA-II (M) dated: 12.12.2018 that projects with individual area or cluster area of mine leases from 5 to

25 Hectares falling under category B2 at par with category B1 requires Public Consultation to seek the opinion of the people regarding the proposed project through public hearing organized by the State Pollution Control Board. As individual project

area is 10.117 Ha., hence the proposed project falls under category B2 at par with

category B1 as the mine extent is more than 5 Ha and attracts Public Hearing.

The present Draft EIA is being submitted for conducting Public Hearing. The issues pointed during the public hearing, the response of the proponent along with action plan and budgetary allocation will be given in the Final EIA report and submitted to MoEF&CC for obtaining environmental clearance. The minutes of Public Hearing will be enlisted in detail in Final EIA after conducting Public Hearing.

7.1 RISK ASSESSMENT Risk analysis provides identification of the risks/accidents and to take necessary steps to prevent it happening. The main objective of preparing a disaster management plan includes;  To identify the potential hazardous areas so that necessary design safety measures can be adopted to minimize the probability of accidents.  To identify the potential areas of Environmental disaster, this can be prevented by proper design of the installations and their control operations.  To manage emergency situations or a disastrous event, if any, from the mining operations.

It begins with the identification of probable hazardous events at an operational area and categorization as per the predetermined criteria. Risk assessment should be done on the basis of past accident analysis at similar projects, previous judgments and expertise in the field of risk analysis especially in accident analysis.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1.1 Drilling & Blasting Risks Drilling is common operation for mining road metal, which is hard mineral. The main hazards involved are as follows:  Drill falling from the edge of a bench  Dust created during the drilling operations  Noise produced during drilling

The risk will occur during the drilling of the first line of holes parallel with the working edge of the bench. Measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of falling off the edge of the bench is to provide suitable portable rail fencing which can be erected between the drill and the edge of the bench and direction by the supervisor from guidance of the driller.

The major issue during blasting is fly rock. Fly rock is controlled by implementing controlled blasting with delayed detonators. Early warnings such as sirens or announcements will be given for safety. Trespassers are not allowed during blasting activity.

Control measures for dust and noise produced during drilling are discussed in detail in Chapter IV.

7.1.2 Failure of Slope in the Pit In open pit mining, mineral deposits are mined from the ground surface and downward. Consequently, pit slopes are formed as the mineral is being extracted. The issues concerned with slope stability in the open cast mines have come to forefront in the mining operations due to increasing pit depth.

The pit slopes must thus be inclined at some angle to prevent failure of the rock mass. This angle is governed by the geo-mechanical conditions at the specific mine and represent an upper bound to the overall slope angle. The actual slope angles used in the mine depend upon (i) the presence of haulage roads, or ramps, necessary for the transportation of the blasted ore from the pit (ii) possible blast damage (iii) mineral grades, and (iv) economical constraints.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

During the planning period, the individual benches will be kept nearly vertical. Rock being stable ultimate final pit slope will be kept at 30° with the horizontal by maintaining bench height of 6 m and width of benches is maintained more than height.

Besides determining factor of safety, the slopes shall be monitored at regular intervals by using real time slope stability radar system to monitor for any possible failure. The well developed drainage system over the lease area should ensure that storm water does not accumulate in the lease area and therefore hydrostatic pressure remains at a low level.

7.1.3 Filling up the mine pit due to excessive rains Filling up the mine pit due to excessive rains in the worked out area is a remote possibility. Normally there will be sufficient warning time before such an incident takes place, harming equipment and human life. However, as a precautionary measure, interceptor ditches along the outer boundary of the pit area constructed to control inflow of runoff into the mine pits. Water that collects in the mine pit from rainfall will be coursed out from the pits, through garland drains.

7.1.4 Accidents of heavy machinery Most of the accidents during transfer of product, trucks and other vehicles are often attributed to mechanical failures, in which the factor of human errors cannot be ruled out. Regular maintenance and testing of all mine equipment as per manufacturers guide lines can largely eliminate accidents of heavy machinery. Competent drivers will be employed to minimize accidents during transportation.

7.1.5 Disaster due to Surface Fire There could be fire accidents due to diesel fuel getting into contact of naked flames, machinery developing excessive heat due to imperfect lubrication of bearings etc.

Proper maintenance of equipment is proposed to avoid catching of fire. Project proponent will be having wireless communication system for quick passing of information for any assistance in case of any emergency. Fire extinguishers should be kept at accessible distance from cause sources. A competent person shall examine all equipments, material and arrangement provided for firefighting at least once in a

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

month and record of the examination shall be maintained in a register. A competent person shall at least once in 3 months examine every fire extinguisher.

Training will be imparted to the employees about emergency preparedness. Mock drills will also be conducted at regular interval to handle the emergency situation. Refresher awareness programs will also be planned among the employees.

Risk analysis involves systematic identification and assessment of major damage potential credible risk scenarios to help management to make objective decisions on hazard reduction or avoidance measures meeting regulatory requirements and develop a structured management framework for an effective Disaster Management Plan (DMP) including emergency preparedness and contingency plans.

7.2 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN A disaster is a catastrophic event in which personnel working in the affected area are immediately planned into a chaotic situation, which demands their immediate rescue, medical and social case to restore normalcy. It creates a major emergency in mining area requiring an Emergency response in accordance with a Mine Disaster Management Plan formulated by the management.

A detailed DMP for handling emergencies includes;

 Identification and assessment of major credible risk scenarios anticipated at a particular workplace/activity (Slope failure, fly rock fragments, fires, etc.)  Setting up an Emergency response organization identified key personnel at the mine with assigned duties and responsibilities for incident response and emergency response.  Emergency actions plan with implementation procedures by emergency response personnel for each scenario after emergency warning.  Details of safety measures to prevent accident and disaster.  Emergency notification by sending warning messages to identified agencies for liaison and stake holders.  Setting up a permanent organization for completion of emergency and restoration of normalcy by complying with health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

 Disaster management plan for safe mining.  Supplementary response plans under mutual aid Any other stipulations made by regulatory agencies for handling emergency situations that may arise either from natural or manmade.

7.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP AND MONITORING SYSTEM 7.3.1 General Various measures have been proposed to implement for mitigating the adverse impacts due to mining on the environment in the area. A separate wing “Environmental Management Cell (EMC)” will be formed to look after the inspection/monitoring requirements. The mine management will undertake the control measures in coordination with the State Forest Department, Regional APPCB and Environmental consultant. The management of EMC shall be made an integral part of the major activities of mining. Mines Manager

Geologist (Incharge of Supervisor Mine monitoring and Supervision & APPCB/ MoEF works)

Dust Suppression Mate

Helpers

Fig.7.1 Organizational setup of EMC

Important records to be maintained by EMC are:  Field monitoring results for air, water, meteorology  Inspection records of slope failure, land erosion, drainage, Socio-economic development.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

 Format to record / monitor plantation measures.  Nursery records  Environmental and related standards / norms  Records pertaining to statutory consents, approvals  Periodic medical examination (PME) records.  Records pertaining to laboratory equipment maintenance and calibration.  Complaints register (environmental pollution).  Records on water and electricity consumption.  Periodic progress records  Environmental audit records  Records of annual budgetary requirement and allocation for pollution control.

7.3.2 Implementation The following system shall be followed to see that the environmental scheme is implemented as per schedule. a) A separate wing will be created to see that the engineering measures such as construction of garland drains will take up, wherever necessary. b) A crew attends for afforestation measures on a regular basis for culturing, manuring and watering. c) On an annual/quarterly basis, the quality of air, water, noise and soil will be monitored to understand the status vis-à-vis the baseline data. This will enable the management for taking up any corrective measures, if required. The frequency of sampling will be as prescribed by the MOEF guidelines issued in this regard.

7.4 ACTIVITIES TO BE MONITORED / INSPECTED BY EMC 7.4.1 Land erosion The mine activity will expose out the loose earthy material which leads to soil erosion through rain water runoff or wind action. This phenomenon should be monitored regularly and necessary actions should be implemented. Garland drains will be constructed around the mine area to avoid siltation of nearby lands/water bodies. These constructed drains should be regularly inspected and desiltation works should be taken up by the proponent.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.4.2 Drainage The drainage pattern observed within the lease area is sub-dendritic pattern with natural flow drainage direction of SW-NE. The subjected area does not have any perennial watercourse in the vicinity. One seasonal first order stream is once available within the mine site, however due to earlier mining activity this drainage course is disturbed and rain water is collected within the mine pits.

The effectiveness of surface drainage system depends upon proper cleaning of all drains and green cover of that area. Any blockage due to silting or accumulation of loose materials will be checked on regular basis. Stone pitching, brick mounds etc on drains shall also be monitored. Plantation works and survival rate of planted trees should be regularly monitored.

7.4.3 Re-vegetation and green belt development Green belt will be developed in an area of 0.7 hectares within the 7.5 m buffer area in addition to avenue plantation on either side of the approach road. Planned schedule for green belt development will be checked after every year and improvement required will be implemented. Post plantation status will be regularly checked in every season. Phase wise development in the areas of plantation including rate of growth, survival rate etc. will be recorded systematically.

7.4.4 Occupational Health Since it is opencast mining, health problems due to dust may be expected at various locations (excavation & loading) during excavation of Road Metal and Gravel. Control measures such as wearing of dust masks by the labour will be implemented at source areas by the proponent.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

Monitoring: The efficiency of installed dust controlling equipments and water sprinkling system should be monitored on regular basis. Measurements to determine employee ceiling exposure can be taken during period of maximum expected air borne concentrations of Road Metal and Gravel.

Safety measures followed by the work force during mineral production (like usage of PPE) should be monitored by the mine supervisor/management.

Control Measures: Location of dust generation: 1. Mining area 2. Loading & Transportation It is advisable to use water sprinkling on haul roads to suppress the dust generated, so that the work men will not get expose to the dust.

Precautions:  By using various PPEs, the chances of occupational health disease will be lowered.  Periodical medical checkups for lungs functioning and breathing.  First aid will be given for in case of emergency.  Each group of mine worker will undergo regular medical checkup at regular intervals by specialist doctors.  Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until clean up has been completed.  The workmen especially who are literate should be sent for first aid training conducted by the group vocational training centre to maintain by the DGMS (Director General of Mine Safety).

7.4.5 Operation and Maintenance: The problem of occupational health in the operation and maintenance phase is primarily due to dust and noise which could affect the workers from respiratory and hearing problems. The necessary personal protective equipments will be given to all

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

the workers. The working personal will be given to all the workers. The working personnel will be given the following appropriate personnel protective equipments.  Safety helmets  Face shield  Plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends.  Goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue color glasses  Cylindrical type earplug  Ear muffs  Dust mask  Self contained breathing apparatus  Leather apron  Safety belt  Leather hand gloves  Safety shoes with steel toe

Full-fledged hospital facilities will be available round the clock for attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any. All working personnel will be medically examined at least once in every year.

7.5 COMPLIANCE FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS OF REFERENCE: TOR has been issued and the following points were added as additional conditions along with terms of standard TOR vide Lr. No. SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704- 328 Dated: 21.07.2020. Additional TOR issued and the compliance to the same is given below:

7.5.1 To Establish a Transport System for Movement of 100 trucks of 20 Ton Load Each Moving Every day: The Gravel is initially segregated with the help of an excavator during first year of mining. Gravel will be produced only during first year and in later years only Road Metal production is anticipated. The oversize boulders dolerite mineral is separately shifted to the crusher (sister concern) located outside of the applied area within 1 km distance in private land. The ROM will be crushed at the crusher and the crushed material of various sizes from 6mm to 60 mm is supplied to the different constructive works, road works and railway line formations. This material is shifted through two

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

numbers of trucks to the point of buyer/local crushers. The number of trucks can vary depending on the lead distance of transport.

Traffic Analysis during mine operation Road Metal & Gravel : 275949 m3/annum + 14109 m3/annum : 290058 m3/annum (during first year) No. of working days : 270 days Per day production : 1074.3 m3/annum Truck Capacity : 18 m3 No of trucks per day : 60 trucks/day Total working hours per day : 8 hours/day No. of trips deployed/hour : 8 trips/hour

Later from first year Gravel production will be nil and Road Metal will be the only mineral to be transported. Road Metal : 275949 m3/annum : 275949 m3/annum (from second year) No. of working days : 270 days Per day production : 1022.03 m3/annum Truck Capacity : 18 m3 No of trucks per day : 57 trucks/day Total working hours per day : 8 hours/day No. of trips deployed/hour : 7 trips/hour

The mine lease area can be reached through village road from Kambhalapalli Village (small hamlet) which is connected to Nellore - Podalakur Road (SH-565) which is at a distance of 1.80 km. There are no major human habitats or major public transporting routes along the approach road. There won’t be any disturbance to the public due to this mining activity. The following mitigation measures will be implemented. a) Vehicular speed will be maintained 25 KMPH b) Material loaded in the transport vehicles will be covered with tarpaulin. c) Regular sprinkling of water will be practiced. d) Competent drivers will be hired.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VII DRAFT EIA REPORT ADDITIONAL STUDIES

Fig 7.2: Preferred transportation route

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CHAPTER –VIII PROJECT BENEFITS

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VIII DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT BENEFITS

8.0 GENERAL The surrounding inhabitants depends mainly agriculture for their livelihood. Unemployment and under employment are the main problems of the inhabitants. No displacement or evacuation of human settlement has been anticipated during mining operation. Proposed mining activity will help in improving the socio-economic status in the area like employment, communication, education etc. It improves the living standard of the people, supports for education and increase the ability of people to understand the changes.

8.1 EMPLOYMENT The upcoming project will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local people. The mine will create employment for a total of approximately 22 persons including skilled as well as semi-skilled staff directly. Additionally, certain works like security, housekeepers will be outsourced on contract. The secondary employment is in the form of providing services to the employed manpower will also be developed in the neighbouring villages. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.

8.2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Each group of mine workers undergo regular medical checkup at regular intervals by specialist doctors as per Mines Act/ Rules and other social development and promotional activities will be undertaken. As initiation of CER activity the proponent will organize health camps for the mine workers. All this will lift the general health status of the residents of the area around mines.

8.3 IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE The opening of the proposed project will enhance the socio-economic activities in the adjoining areas. This will result in following benefits:-  Improvements in physical infrastructure.  Improvements in social infrastructure.  Prevention of illegal mining.  During and post-mining enhancement of green cover.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VIII DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT BENEFITS

8.3.1 Improvements in Physical Infrastructure Although the mining area is well connected with important places in the vicinity however, the opening of the proposed project will improve the physical infrastructure of the adjoining areas. This will include the following  Improved road communication due to opening of the proposed project.  Strengthening of existing community facilities through the Community Development Program.  Creation of community assets (infrastructure) like provision for drinking water, village roads/ linked roads, dispensary & health centre, community centre, market place etc.  Awareness program and community activities, like health camps, medical aids, family welfare programs & cultural activities, plantation etc.

8.3.2 Improvements in Social Infrastructure The project activity shall create awareness with the local people for preferring permanent services than seasonal agricultural activities. The activities will help them to analyze the importance of education. With the increased amount of income, people can send their children for higher education/professional courses. There will be some obvious changes in various environmental parameters due to mining activity. There will also be positive impact in socio-economic area due to increased economic activities, creation of new employment opportunities, infrastructural development and better educational and health facilities. Lessee will also undertake awareness program and community activities like health camps, medical aids, family welfare camps and awareness program etc.

The proponent will also make interventions through its CER plan implementation that will make a positive impact on the social infrastructure of the region such infrastructure development of schools.

8.3.3 Prevention of Illegal Mining & Contribution to the Exchequer Since the mine lease areas will be leased out to successful allottees, mining operation in the state will get legalized and it will fetch income to the state exchequer. The proponent will take due care to avoid illegal mining within the proposed mine lease

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-VIII DRAFT EIA REPORT PROJECT BENEFITS

area. The production will be as per approved mining plan after obtaining statutory clearances from respective authorities.

8.3.4 Enhancement of Green Cover Plantation/Afforestation will be done as per program i.e. along the road sides and near civic amenities. Post plantation, the area will be regularly monitored in every season for evaluation of success rate. For selection of plant species local people will also be involved. The management will provide free saplings of fruit and other trees, etc. to local during rain for plantation.

8.4 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS The proposed mining project is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below.  Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like transportation, sanitation, for supply of goods and services to the project and other community services.  Market and business establishment facilities will also increase.  Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development and medical facilities.  Overall change in employment and income opportunity.  The State Government will also be benefit directly from the proposed project, through increased revenue from royalties, excise duty.

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CHAPTER –IX ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.0 INTRODUCTION Any types of development project exert certain benefits and adverse impacts on the surroundings. The major objective and benefit of utilizing Environmental impact Assessment in project planning stage itself, is to prevent avoidable losses of Environmental resources and values as a result of Environmental Management Plan. Environmental Management Plan includes protection/mitigation/enhancement measures as well as suggesting post project monitoring program. Environmental Management Plan may often suggest additional project operations that have to be incorporated in the conventional operation.

Any development in the study area needs to be with judicious utilization of non- renewable resources of the study area and within the limits of permissible assimilative capacity. The assimilative capacity of the study area is the maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion, and removal due to physico-chemical and biological processes. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area of the proposed Mine Lease Area.

It has been evaluated that the study area has not been affected adversely as there are no major polluting industries in the study area and likely to get economical fillip. Environmental Management Plan aims at the preservation of ecosystem by considering the pollution abatement facilities at the site inception.

Fully conscious towards Environmental responsibility the proponent mainly focuses, apart from other relevant concerns, on the following important aspects,

a) Dust suppression measures by water sprinkling. b) Proper maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

The different Environmental components that are identified in the assessment chapter are dealt hereunder with necessary Environmental Management Plan.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Applicable Regulations Following Regulations & policies with the amendments thereof need to be taken into consideration under comprehensive environmental management systems (EMS) programme as an integral part of the mine operation:  The Mines Act, 1952  The Mines and Mineral (regulation and Development) Act, 1957.  Mineral conservation and Development Rules (MCDR), 1988.  Mines Rules, 1955 for Health and Safety of Mining workers.  Section 21 of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.  Section 25 and 26 of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.  Gazette Notifications of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) as and when notified for pollution prevention and control.  Applicable State Acts and Rules for Mining.  Directives of Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) in their Consent Letters and Notifications.  EP Act 2006 Table: 9.1 EMP costing for the proposed project

Capital Recurring S. No Details Cost (in Cost/Annu Remarks Lakhs) m (Lakhs) 1 Air Pollution Nose masks (Rs. 25/- Replaceable once -- 0.2 each) in a week Sprinkling system 4.0 Required daily on KLD (Rs. 1000/- for 1 0.5 1.0 250 working days tank of capacity 10KL) Wet jacketed Drilling Required daily on -- 1.0 4.0 KLD 250 working days Graded road -- 0.1 Construction

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

2 Water Pollution Garland drains (approx top width 2m, bottom Drains construction width 1m & height 1m) 0.5 0.1 around the mine Rs. 250/- per sq. m & site RWH Construction of Septic Cleaning twice in a 0.2 0.1 tank year 3 Noise Pollution Regular maintenance of machinery (2000/- per - 0.2 month) Ear muffs (Rs. 75/- - 0.05 Thrice in a year each) 4 Occupational Replaceable twice First aid kits 0.1 0.04 Safety and for every year Health Fire extinguishers 0.1 0.06 PPE for all workers (hand gloves Rs. 30 /- each, helmets 500/- -- 0.35 and Safety shoes 1000/- each) Regular health Carried out once in 0.2 checkups a year Training and awareness programs on risk 0.3 0.1 factors during emergencies 5 Environmental Ambient air, water Monitoring quality, Noise studies -- 0.5 and Vibration studies 6 Green belt 1000 plants development Development of Green Belt in 0.7 Ha of buffer (i.e., 600 plants in 6.0 2.0 zone and along buffer zone and approach roads 400 plants along approach road) TOTAL 7.7 6.0

EMP BUDGET

 Capital Cost : 7.7 Lakhs 9 - 3

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

 Recurring cost per annum : 6.0 Lakhs  Recurring cost for this plan period i.e., 5 years: 30.0 Lakhs

Total EMP Cost for this ensuing scheme : 37.7 Lakhs

9.1 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers will follow Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) as per O.M. File No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated: 01.05.2018. The following measures will be taken to maintain a clean and sustainable environment in and around the plant:  Integrate sound environmental practices in all its activities.  Promote development of innovate environment friendly processes  Improve employee commitment and responsibility towards environment protection  Promote environmentally responsible behaviour amongst contractual workforce and suppliers.  Development of greenbelt in surrounding areas and along the approach road.

9.2 OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Overall objectives of EMP are: Prevention: Measures aimed at impeding the occurrence of negative environmental impact and/or preventing such as occurrence having harmful environmental impacts. Preservation: Preventing any future actions that might adversely affect as environmental resource or attribute. Minimization: Limiting or reducing the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of adverse impacts.

9.3 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT The proposed mining activity would result in the increase of PM concentrations due to fugitive dust. Frequent water sprinkling in the vicinity would be undertaken and will be continued as there is possibility for dust generation due to truck mobility. It will be ensured that vehicles are properly maintained to comply with exhaust emission requirements.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Table: 9.2 Ambient Air Quality Standards Concentration Microgram's per Meter Cube

PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX 100 60 80 80

Mitigative measures suggested for air pollution control are based on the baseline ambient air quality monitoring data. From the point of view of maintenance of an acceptable ambient air quality in the region, it is desirable that air quality should be monitored on a regular basis to check it vis-à-vis the standards prescribed by CPCB and in case of non- compliance, appropriate mitigative measures shall be adopted.

As per the results of ambient air quality air quality monitoring data, the background

concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, are within the stipulated CPCB standards.

9.3.1 Air Pollution Control Measures Dust is the major pollutant generated from the mining operations. Dust would be generated during mining, handling and transportation of the material. The Environmental control measures are proposed to control the fugitive dust releases during the Road Metal & Gravel production are given in the below table.

Table: 9.3 Air Pollution Control Measures

S. No Dust Source Control measure Mineral  Regular water spraying in working areas. 1 Exploration  Implementing wet jacketed drilling  Compaction, gradation and drainage on both sides. 2 Haul Road  Proper maintenance.  Regular water spraying.  No overloading of trucks. Truck  Trucks to be covered with tarpaulin while 3 Movement transporting Road Metal & Gravel.  Enforcing speed limit.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

 Proper charge per delay shall be regulated.  Stemming column shall be more than the burden to 4 Blasting area avoid blown out shots.  Each blast would be is carefully planned, supervised executed and observed by expert staff

In addition the following measures will be undertaken  Development of Green belt all along mine area boundary and on either sides of approach road.  Periodical monitoring of air quality to take steps to control the pollutants.  Regular water sprinkling to suppress the dust on haul roads, service roads and mining face by truck mounted water tankers.

9.3.2 Controlling of NOx Levels

The other emissions are mainly SO2, NOx and the source would be from vehicles. But, these emissions are very minimal. This will be controlled by proper maintenance and servicing of vehicles.

9.4 WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT There will not be any waste water generation except domestic waste water, therefore no post waste water monitoring required.

Water Pollution Management  There are no seasonal or perennial water courses within the mine area. However, channels and bunds would be constructed and maintained to avoid any erosion and contamination.  The mine pit water collected due to rains will be utilized for water spraying on the haul roads and for watering plantation. This water will be harvested for utilization in plantation watering, spraying on the haulage roads and mineral storage.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.5 NOISE LEVEL MONITORING There will be intermittent noise levels due to vehicular movement and mining activities. The Management Plan for controlling noise pollution is envisaged as follows.  No mining activities are planned during night time.  A thick greenbelt will be developed all around the mine boundary to act as noise attenuator.  Selection of suitable machinery and equipment,  Proper mounting of equipment,  Providing noise insulation/padding wherever practicable and  Machinery will be fitted with properly designed noise acoustic silencers.  Proper maintenance and periodic lubrication of noise generating parts of the machines. 9.5.1 Parameters The noise level recordings are measured in dB (A) Leq values, where dB (A) denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A, which is relatable to human hearing.

9.5.2 Methodology Precision integrated sound level meters are being used for monitoring of Leq noise levels in dB (A) scale at the work place and also in the surrounding villages.

9.5.3 Noise Quality Management The following measures shall be implemented  Proper lubrication, fitting of effective silencers and good maintenance.  Provision of personnel hearing protective equipment to all workers likely to be exposed to noise.  Restricting duty hours of operators likely to be exposed to higher noise levels.  The maintenance of natural vegetation as well as afforestation in the lease shall serve as acoustic barriers.

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9.5.4 Noise Pollution Control The ambient noise level monitoring is carried out in and around the proposed mine shows that ambient noise levels are well within the stipulated limits of CPCB.

Noise generation may be for an instant, intermittent or for continuous periods, with low to high decibels. Periodic inspection and checks of the risk prone areas and equipments have to be conducted.

To control noise pollution during the proposed mining operations following steps will be practiced.  Proper selection of machinery  Proper and timely maintenance of mining and plant machinery  Limiting of speed of haulage vehicles/tippers

9.6 WATER CONSUMPTION AND WASTE WATER GENERATION A total of approximately 13.0 KLD of fresh water is required for the proposed project activity which will be met through water tankers. Out of the total quantity, 1.0 KLD will be utilized for domestic purpose, 4.0 KLD will be used for wet jacket drilling and 4.0 KLD for Green belt development. Remaining 4.0 KLD of water is required for dust suppression as follows. Table.9.4 Fresh water Requirement Activity Water Waste water Disposal requirement generation (KLD) (KLD) Domestic 1.0 0.8 Septic tank followed by soak pit Dust Suppression 4.0 -- Wet jacket Drilling 4.0 -- Green belt 4.0 -- development TOTAL 13.0 0.8

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

13.0 KLD (Water tankers)

13.0 KLD

Dust Suppression Wet jacketed Green Belt Domestic purpose

(4.0 KLD) drilling (4.0 KLD) (1.0 KLD) (4.0 KLD)

No outflow No outflow No outflow Septic Tank (Soak pit)

Fig 9.1 Water Balance Flow Diagram

9.7 BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT Trees are very suitable for detecting, recognizing and monitoring air pollution effects. Monitoring of biological effects of air pollutant by the use of plants as indicators has been applied on local, regional and national scale. Trees function as sinks of air pollutants, besides their bio esthetical values, owing to its large surface area. Annual need of oxygen for one person is met by 150 sq.m of leaf surface. So it is necessary to develop green belt in and around the polluted site with suitable species to combat the air pollution effectively. The plantation scheme covers the following areas  Plantation around peripheral portion of mine and other structures.  Gardens, parks and haul road plantation.  Plantation by way of reclamation/rehabilitation of mined out blocks.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.7.1 Tree Plantation Program The main aim of plantation of mined out areas is to stabilize the land, to protect it from erosion and provide an aesthetic landscape. It is proposed during the ensuing scheme period plantation in 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation along approach road.

9.7.2 Mine Drainage: Water table: Shallower aquifers are observed during monsoon period. Deeper ground water depths are observed during summer season ranging from 40 to 50 m from the ground surface level. The maximum and minimum depth of mine workings range between 1 to 40 m from the hill slope, hence mining activities will not intersect with the ground water table.

Encounter and discharge of mine water: There is no chance of groundwater likely to be encountered in the mine. But the rainwater will accumulate at pit bottom in rainy seasons and this may be dried up slowly by percolating to ground.

9.8 SOIL MANAGEMENT Top Soil Management The top soil will be preserved wherever possible within the lease area and the same will be used for plantation, filling ditches and reclamation wherever necessary.

Waste Management 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. Hence, there is no need of waste dump management. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.9 LAND ENVIRONMENT 9.9.1 Land use The project covers a total ML area of 10.117 hectares of Govt. waste land. During the mining period an area of 9.1724 hectares of land will be mined out by the end of the mining period. The core zone landscape can be improved by tree plantation, shrub growth etc., which are outlined separately under eco-restoration.

9.9.2 Mine roads Roads for haulage and access to different locations would be laid as per the statutory regulations stipulated in the Metalliferrous Mines Regulations, 1961. Some of the basic features of laying the haul roads at the Mine Lease Area as required from environmental and safety angle cover the following:  The road layout would be generally followed as per scheme shown in mine general layout. The main haul road and feeder roads would be generally of 6 m wide keeping provisions for road side plantation.  The corners and bends would be made in such a way as to offer the vehicle operator, a clear visibility of at least 30m along the road. The alignment of haul roads and feeder roads may require alteration with the progress of mining work.

9.9.3 Proposed Mitigating Measures The land management plays an important role in reducing the adverse impacts caused by surface mining operation. Land management is required in the key areas like land use scheme with the ML area, calendar plan, mine bench advancement to arrest indiscriminate degradation of landform, top soil preservation, soil erosion control and the restoration of the mine pit.

Land restoration: Since it is envisaged that the quarry will be in operation for at least 7 years, so, no back filling is proposed during the lease period. After removal of mineral, benches will be formed below the surface level and the top of the benches will be applied with top soil and developed with grasses and plantation. Fast growing trees and other native shrubs 9 - 11

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

would be planted to stabilize the reclaimed land and prevent wind erosion of solid particles.

The pits formed will be used as rain water harvesting structures. While reclaiming the mined out area, the original land form cannot be fully restored. This would be beneficial in two aspects, namely (i) it may recharge the spring table by seepage of water through cracks and joints and (ii) the impounded water reservoir can be utilized for development of afforestation and irrigation source to nearby agricultural fields.

9.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT & SAFETY The company management shall give preference to local people through both direct and indirect employment.  It will provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-lift their living standards by organizing events that propagate mutual benefits to all, such as health camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer sections of society and downtrodden.  Educational needs of the region will be improved by encouraging the workers to allow their children to attend schools.  Sufficient funds shall be allocated for these and other emergency needs.  Adequate supply of potable water to the workers will be made during the working hrs.  The mines department will supervise the safe working of the contractor and their employees. The working personnel will be provided with face masks, ear plugs, safety helmets and goggles in order to reduce health hazards.

The proponent will provide all necessary provisions stipulated under the Mines Act. In addition a Safety committee will be formed and manned by equal participants from Management and Workers.

Personnel Protection Equipment (PPE) will be issued to each worker. Other safety equipments shall be used according to the nature of job involved.

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9.11 BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The mining activity will have low impact on shrubs in the mine lease area and in order to minimize the impacts, it is proposed to reclaim the entire mined out area with indigenous plant species as early as possible. Plantation programme is proposed to be carried out in and around the mine lease area so that the natural habitat is restored.

9.11.1 Green Belt Development/Afforestation Plan It is proposed during the ensuing scheme period plantation in 0.7 Ha of buffer zone on and avenue plantation along the approach road.

9.11.2 Criteria for Selection of Species Species to be selected should fulfill the following specific requirements of the area - Availability of seed material - Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adapts ability to eco- physiological conditions. - Rapid growth - Capacity to endure water stress and climatic extremes after initial establishment - Differences in height, growth habits - Pleasing appearance - Providing shade - Ability of fixing atmospheric Nitrogen - Improving waste lands.

9.11.3 Design of green development The greenbelt shall be developed around the mine to act as a sink for pollutants, attenuation of noise levels and improvement in aesthetic quality of the plant. The following criteria shall be adopted in the design of greenbelt: 1. Generally fast growing trees should be planted as otherwise it will take many years for other types of trees to attain their full height. 2. Trees will be planted along the road side in such a way that there is no direct line of sight when viewed from a point outside the foliage perimeter.

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3. Trees growing up to 10 m or more in height with thick perennial foliage should be planted around the plant. 4. Trees shall be planted staggered in each row (minimum three rows encircling the perimeter of the plant). 5. Tree trunk being free foliage up to a height of 2 to 3 m, it is advisable to grow shrubs in front of trees to give coverage to the open portion. 6. Greenbelt will be developed all around the mine area with a width of 10 m. 7. Greenbelt will be developed around the mine except wherever buildings and other structures.

9.12 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES Mining profession involves exposure of workers to open area & dusty environment requiring assessment of likely impacts on the health aspects. Workers are prone to be affected by respiratory and pulmonary diseases, apart from health hazards related to water pollution, noise and vibrations. Health impact assessment will be undertaken by studying the nature of the mining activities and its impact. The proponent will appoint a doctor periodically, well versed with occupational health surveillance to meet the medical needs of the employees. The employees will be subjected to medical examination on an annual basis. The medical histories of all the employees shall be maintained in a standard format. These medical histories over a period will show if there is occupation related deterioration in the employees’ health. The budget allocated for occupational health & safety measures is Rs. 0.75 Lakhs per annum.

Fugitive dust, noise and fines, may affect the health of workers, safety of employees during operation will be taken care of as per Mine Regulations Act, 1961. To avoid any adverse effects on the health of workers due to dust and noise sufficient measures have been provided in the mining project. These may include:  It should be ensured that all employees are adequately trained and qualified to perform their duties. Visitors must be familiarized with the safety precautions of the mine.  One occupational health and safety officer will be employed by the mine.

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 Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, fans, toilets etc.  Provision of personal protection devices to the workers.  Dust suppression of haul road.  First aid facilities within lease area.  Height, slope shall be developed as per the approved mining plan.  Regular medical examination shall be conducted for the employees.  Working benches shall be developed as per approved mining plan.

9.12.1 Public Health Implication, Occupational Health Survey Program and First Aid: According to ILO and WHO, occupational health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health. In brief, as applicable for M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers, any employee should not have any health risk due to its assigned occupation and should not lose the productivity of the employee on health ground. The health checkups, other occupational ailments and medical treatment as well as counseling will be provided to all employees periodically.

An occupational health survey program includes:  Preliminary screening of all the employees for their baseline health condition.  Medical evaluation of workers condition before joining to the duty.  Educating the workers w.r.t. the safety conditions & occupational health diseases.  Refresher Training will be provided on health effects on exposure to mineral dust.  Regular health checkups for all the workers will be conducted.  Data base will be created for individual worker and will be updated regularly to compare the health status.  Ergonomic Program Manager will take care of all the needs of OH & S.  Doctor specialized in Occupational Health will be appointed for special needs.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS–10.117Ha. CHAPTER-IX DRAFT EIA REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Mine Safety Mine Safety is a statutory requirement which M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers fully complies. Mining area will be fenced off to prevent falling down of man and animals.  Proposed security will be providing to prevent pilferage or theft.

Fuels: No fuel is required for minerals processing. Only diesel oil is required for operation of mining machineries and mine vehicles. The average monthly consumption is around 20 KL diesel oil.

9.13 PROJECT COST Cost Estimates of the Project The Total cost of the project including EMP budget would be around Rs. 115.0 Lakhs

EMP Budget Capital cost : 7.7 Lakhs Recurring cost : 6.0 Lakhs/annum

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CHAPTER –X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

10.0 INTRODUCTION The proposal is for Road metal & Gravel mining project with maximum production of275949 m3/annum of Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year) by open cast semi mechanized excavation. The mine lease area is of extent 10.117 hectares in Sy. No.USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh.

The DDM&G, Nellore has decided in principle grant a quarry lease for Road Metal & Gravel over an extent of 25.0 acres (10.117 Ha.) in Sy.No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District for a period of 10 years in favour of M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers vide Notice No. 610/Q/2019, dated 18.09.2019.

The Mining plan was approved by Deputy Director of Mines & Geology (FAC), Nellore vide Letter No: 651/MP/RM & Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019.

Presentation of TOR has been made before the SEAC committee and the TOR order issued by SEIAA, Govt. Of Andhra Pradesh vide Lr. No. SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/02/2020/1704-328 Dt: 21.07.2020.

10.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT: Road Metal and Gravel has huge importance in almost any type of construction activity. Further they are also required by railway projects for track laying and other construction activities. Thus in current times, where the focus of the governments is on improvement of basic infrastructure like roads, railways, dams and other social infrastructure - both in rural and urban areas, there is a constant need for ensuring regular supply of these and Road Metal and Gravel.

Considering the growing demand of the mineral, it necessitates the operation of this mining project. In addition, this project will also generate direct and indirect employment to the local villagers.

10.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The quarry applied area is located on a hill raised 38 m above ground level within the lease area with topo relief of 38 m. The lease area is located in Survey of India, Topo sheet No: 57 N/11 at Latitude of 14°16'53.28424"N to 14°16'44.18580"N and Longitude of 79°38'25.48859"E to 79°38'25.86541"E.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

10.3 SENSITIVITY OF THE AREA: It is government non agriculture vacant land falling in seismic zone III. There are following water bodies and forests within the 10 km radius of the mine:

The proposed quarry lease area is 70meters away from Munagapadu R.F on SW and 253 meters away from Tatipalli RF on SW. NOC has been from Divisional Forest Officer (FAC) vide Rc. No. 953/2018TO Dt. 23.07.2019.Other reserve forests within 10km radius of mine area are Tummalatalupur RF – 0.60 km – E, Vepinapi East Extension RF – 3.75 km – SW, Potukonda RF – 4.20 km – SW, Gonunarayanapalem RF – 4.26 km- SW, Krishnareddipalli RF – 4.30 km – SE, Tumaya RF – 5.67 km – SW, Vavintaparti RF – 5.74 km – NE, Duggunta RF – 6.56 km – NE, Chaganam RF – 6.60 km – SE, Veninapi Extension RF – 6.67 km – NW, Marlapudi RF – 6.80 km – SW, Tanamcherla RF – 7.24 km – NW, Turimeral RF – 7.42 km – SE, Vutukur RF – 7.44 km – SE, Vandluru RF – 8.20 km – NW, Pulikollu RF – 8.35 km – NW and Podalkur RF – 9.00 km – NE.

Water bodies within 10 km radius of mine area are Telugu Ganga canal – 2.15km – NW, Penna River – 2.07 km – SE, Lake – 4.73 km – NE, Kandaleru Reservoir - 5.30 km – NW, Kandleru River – 5.50 km – NW, Cheruvu – 6.20 km – NE and Paideru Kaluva – 8.08 km – NE.

10.4 RESERVES The proved category reserves of Road Metal are estimated to a thickness of 38 m and a proved depth of 20 m from surface level is proved in adjacent quarries 20 m from surface i.e., from 140 m up to 60 m MSL. The quality of mineral is likely to be the same as exposed in existing pits. The reserves are estimated by sectional method which as consists of multiplying the cross-sectional area with the zone of influence if arrive at the volume. For the purpose of reserve estimation, 11 Geological sections A- A’ to K-K’ are drawn perpendicular to the slope direction for profile purpose at an interval of 30m each.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

Life of Mine: S. No Description Volume (m3) 1. Total Geological reserves (after deducting buffer zone 2848852 reserves) 2. Total Blocked Reserves under bench slopes 988632 3. Total Mineable Reserves 1860220 4. Extractable Reserves (95%) 1767209 5. Average Annual Production 273214 6.46 or say Life of Mine 7.0 years

10.5 MINING It is proposed to raise the in-situ mineral Road Metal of 1437970 m3 and Gravel of 14109 m3 for five years plan period from the applied area. The workings will be carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with the help of drilling and blasting from pit. The blasted ROM rock will be transported to the crusher (belongs to sister concerned), located within 1 km distance from the applied area.

Raw Material Requirement: Water will be required at the rate of 13.0 KLD at the site for drinking, sprinkling and green belt development at 1.0 KLD, 4.0 KLD & 4.0 KLD respectively and 4.0 KLD for wet jacketed drilling. No other raw materials are required for this mining operation.

10.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 10.6.1 Land Use: The total mining area of 10.117 Hectares is Government land with existing worked out pits. The land is no fit for agriculture activities.

Soil Quality: The analytical results of the soil samples collected during the study period are summarized below.

 The normal range of pH in the soils is 6.0 to 8.5. The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.9 to 7.8 indicating that the soils are falling in neutral soil.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

 Organic Carbon in the study area ranges from 0.22 to 0.38%. This is less level for cultivation of crops.

Based on the above results, the soils in the region are average fertile insufficient for cultivation of crops.

10.6.2 Water Quality

Ground water Quality:  During the study period, the pH of the groundwater was found varying between 7.3 and 7.5. The pH values for all the samples collected in the study area during study period were found to be within the acceptable limits.  The TDS of all the samples were below the permissible limit of 2000 mg/l.  The Chloride levels in the groundwater samples collected in the study area were ranging from 151 - 222 mg/l  In the groundwater samples collected from the study area, the hardness was found to be varying from 142 mg/l to 224 mg/l.  In the groundwater samples of study area the fluoride values were found to be within a range of 0.46mg/l to 0.68 mg/l.  All the heavy metals in all samples were found to be below the permissible limits. An overview of the results obtained reveals that none of parameters were found above the permissible limits of IS: 10500 Drinking Water Standards.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

Surface water Quality:  pH of the surface water collected was neutral with pH ranging from 7.3 -7.6  TDS was found to be 259mg/l to 284mg/l. The tolerance limit of 1,500 mg/l as per IS:2296  Total hardness was found to be 96mg/l to 119mg/l  Presence of Nitrate was recorded as 1.3mg/l to 1.7mg/l  DO was observed as 6.1mg/l to 6.7mg/l.  Total coliform in water was 680MPN/100ml to 570MPN/100ml. The likely source of bacteriological contamination was due to the proximity to residential area  All the heavy metals were found to be within below detectable limits. An overview of the results obtained reveals that none of parameters were found above the permissible limits of IS: 10500 Drinking Water Standards.

10.6.3 Ambient Air Quality: On the perusal of above summary of analysis of ambient air quality in the study area it is evident that all monitored values in various locations are well within the specified limits of CPCB. The results are summarized below:

3 PM10: The highest PM10 concentration 71.0µg/m was observed in the ambient air

was recorded at station A1 while the lowest PM10concentration was found to be 3 36.1µg/m at A2. All the monitored values of PM10 are well below the specified limit of 100 µg/m3.

NOx: The highest NOx concentration 13.5µg/m3 was observed in the ambient air was recorded at station A1 while the lowest NOx concentration was found to be 7.7µg/m3

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

at A2. All the monitored values of NOx are well below the specified limit of 80µg/m3.

10.6.4 Noise Quality: The Leq day noise level at the proposed mine site is 44.4 dB (A) which is within the standard limit of Industrial area i.e. ~75 dB (A). During night the Leq night noise level is 33.9 dB (A) which is also within the night-time noise standard limit of 70.0 dB (A).

The noise levels ranges between 44.4 – 57.1 dB (A) during day time and 33.9 – 45.6 dB(A) during night time which is also within the standard limit for residential area.

10.6.5 Biodiversity: The core area is mined out area which is covered by scrub forest which is very much exposed due to biotic factors. There were no barren lands or grazing lands except the roadsides, Penna River and Kandaleru River banks and a few scattered hills. The isolated and scattered hills were devoid of trees. These hills were colonized mainly by Chromolaena odorata, Dodonea viscosa, Cassia auriculata, Carissa spinarum, Bekara malabarica, Catunaregam spinosa, Wrightia tinctoria, Dolichondrone falcata, Jatropha gossyphifolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Cymbopogon coloratus, Aristda setacea, Heteropogon contortus etc. Chromolaena odorata of Asteraceae and Dodonea viscosa are the most extensive, widespread, abundant and dominant in all places including the openings in plantation crops. Penna River located at a distance of 2.07 Km from proposed mine towards South East. Kandaleru Reservoir is located in the buffer zone at a distance of 5.30 Km towards the Northwest. The buffer area is 10 km radius which includes agricultural lands, plantation crops and Reserved Forests with dry deciduous forest, dense to scrub and scattered grasslands with water bodies. The study area consisting various tree species which are Terminalia lata, Terminalia arjuna, Albizia odoratissima, Cassia fistula, Syzygium cumini, Dendrocalamus strictus, Ficus benghalensis, Grewia tiliaefolia, Wrightia tinctoria and Diospyros sylvatica etc while scrub patches of plants are Acacia sps, Zizyphus sps, Randia dumetorum, Carissa carandas and a variety of other herbs and shrubs. Eucalyptus is widely spread over buffer zone.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

Wild life is not commonly found in the lease area and its immediate environs because of lack of vegetal cover and surface water. Except domestic animals, wild animals commonly observed are reptiles, fox, and some birds.

10.6.6 Socio-Economic: The proposed study is surrounded with 43 villages in four mandals namely; Sydapur, Rapur, Podalakur and Gudur. It has 15,171 households (HH) with 55,741 populations (TOT_P) of 1, 1939 of which male and female were 28,141 and 27,600 respectively. There was change of 10.05 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. With regards to Sex Ratio, it stood at 990 per 1000 male, Census data regarding child under 0-6 age were total 5,945 0-6. The Total of population of Schedule caste (P_SC)and Schedule Tribe (P_ST) are 16,516 and 9,067 respectively. The Literates are 29,323 and illiterates are 26,412 in this area.

10.7 ANTICIPATED IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES: 10.7.1 Land Environment: Mining will not cause land degradation but since in the proposed project lease area is Government vacant land and does not support any agriculture. The land degradation is minimal and restricted only to the mining area and the facilities within the mine lease boundary.

The total mine lease area is about 10.117 Ha. During the mining period an area of 9.1724 Ha of land will be mined out. An area of 0.7 Ha of buffer zone and avenue plantation along the approach road. It can be used for native species plantation at the end of the mining activity.

10.7.2 Water Environment: Total water requirement in the proposed mining project is 13.0 KLD. This requirement will be met by water tankers from nearby villages through tankers. There will be no wastewater generation. The domestic waste water of 0.8 KLD generated will be treated through septic tank followed by soak pit.

10.7.3 Air Environment: The air borne particulate matter comprising of particulate matter is the main air pollutant contributed by opencast mining. During the mining operations mitigation

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

measures like wet jacketed drilling, controlled blasting, regular water sprinkling, plantation, maintenance of equipments, and vehicles etc will be carried out.

10.7.4 Noise Environment: Mining will be open cast semi mechanized involves drilling and blasting along with transportation. Still preventive measures like regular maintenance of vehicles and equipments will be done and protective gears like ear muffs etc will be provided to the workers.

10.7.5 Biological Environment No forest area diversion is required in the proposed mining and the land is non- agriculture vacant with existing worked out pits and insignificant vegetation. The fauna in the vicinity of the mine is restricted to few common species. There will be no impact on flora and fauna due to the proposed project. Green belt development in the project area will not only increase the ambience of the area but will also be helpful in the survival of core zone fauna especially avian fauna.

10.7.6 Socio-Economic Environment: The project will enhance chance of direct and indirect employment in the area. Therefore overall economic development is much likely after the commencement of the project. The budget for district mineral fund that will be given by the lessee will also increase the living standard of the local community.

10.7.7 Mine Waste: 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. Hence, there is no need of waste dump management. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure.

10.7.8 Impacts due to Transportation: Transportation of mined out mineral from the pit head will be transported by hired /consumer’s trucks. Due to proposed project increase in traffic density will be very

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

less as number of vehicle deployed is less and the road is capable of bearing the increased traffic due to the project.

10.8 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISTER MANGEMENT PLAN Mining will be carried out by semi-mechanized opencast mining, with mining equipments as excavator, dumpers etc. Drilling, blasting and transportation activities are proposed. Operational risks such as drilling & blasting risks, failure of bench stability, accidents by heavy machinery/vehicles and surface fires can be anticipated.

These risks can be minimized by taking care during mining operations, Providing PPE for all work force and hiring competent personnel for handling the mine operations.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement - Since the lease granted for mining is Government non-agriculture vacant land & is primarily not suitable for agriculture therefore the livelihood of surrounding of locals was never dependent on this land. Hence no R&R is applicable.

10.9 PROJECT BENEFITS: The proposed mining project has a significant positive impact on the socio-economic environment and it will help sustain the overall development of the area. The proposed project significantly contributes the economic development by providing direct employment to 22 and indirect employment to many more people in the area. By organizing health checkup camps, awareness programs about rural development of the locals in the field of education, personal health care and skill development campaigns to improve standards of living in the area. The proponent proposed CER activities for wellbeing of the local people.

10.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN: Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation, implementation and monitoring of environmental protection measures during and after commissioning of the proposed mining project. The project cost is 115.0 Lakhs and EMP capital cost Rs. 7.7 Lakhs and recurring cost as Rs 6.0 Lakhs/annum.

Among other environmental protection, following measures are listed below: • Applying water for dust suppression on mine haul roads, loading and unloading areas.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

• Regular Compaction & grading of haul roads and service roads to clear accumulation of loose material. • Avoid overloading of dumpers and consequent spillage on the roads. • Good maintenance of vehicles & machinery.

10.11 RECOMMENDATIONS The regular medical check-up of workers is to be carried out. Green belt development is to be stressed and workers must be motivated for plantation care.

The general environmental awareness is given to the local workers. Regular maintenance of vehicle is carried out. Slogans of Environment, health & safety are recommended for display in local language. Hence significantly there is no likely impact is envisaged due to mining activity. The management must keenly celebrate the importance of World Environment Day to create awareness amongst the workers. Conservation of soil and water must be emphasized not only at works but also at their own place. With implementation of Environment management plan and providing continual improvement the mine may be accorded environmental clearance.

 Adequate measures will be taken for control of noise at source.  Intensive green belt will be developed all around mining premises.  Control of dust emissions.

Consequently,

 This project aims at keeping the key industries within the country well supplied with an essential raw material.  Does not give rise to any adverse biophysical or socio-economic impacts.  No rehabilitation required.  No afforestation required.  The project has significant positive aspects such generation of employment.  Acceptable impact on environmental parameters.

Thereby the proposed project is recommended for Environmental Clearance subject to compliance with the recommended mitigation measures, which are detailed in EMP. The EMP should be implemented by senior qualified environmental personnel who have competency and credibility to interpret the requirements of the EIA and EMP. A

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-X DRAFT EIA REPORT SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

detailed record of all activities related to environmental and social management should be retained for review. The audit findings should be made available to the relevant environmental and local authorities.

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CHAPTER –XI DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-XI DRAFT EIA REPORT DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

11.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED This chapter provides the overview of the consultants engaged in EIA studies.

11.1 ABOUT SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS (SVELC): Pioneered its way in the mid 90’s in Yanam, the Evergreen Union Territory of Puducherry, to cater quality service in the area of environmental pollution. The laboratory serves have been set up in an extent of 7500 sft in the city of destiny Visakhapatnam. To provide Analytical expertise in the field of Environmental Engineering. Our technical expertise is one among the best in the country, providing economical & sound environmental and safety solutions. SVELC is an ISO 9001:2015 company and is accredited by:  ISO 9001:2015  ISO 14001: 2004  Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Govt. of India, New Delhi  National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NABET) registered Environmental consultants by Quality Council of India (QCI).  National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) in the field of testing  OSHAS 18001: 2007

11.2 SERVICES OFFERED BY SV ENVIRO Environmental:  Environmental Impact Assessments  Environmental Management Plan  Environmental Audits preparation  Solid and hazardous waste management  Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plans  Occupational health and safety studies  Socio-economic studies  Marine impact assessment  Rehabilitation and resettlement studies

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-XI DRAFT EIA REPORT DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

Analysis:  Environmental monitoring for air, water, soil, noise, ecology, hazardous waste, etc  Industrial emission source monitoring  Offshore sampling and analysis of marine water and sediments  Analysis of water, wastewater, soil, solid waste, hazardous waste, lube oils, etc  Noise quality monitoring  Work zone source emission analysis

The firm has been engaged in the work of Environmental Impact Assessment studies for category –A & B projects, preparation of Environmental management plans (EMP) for the last 15 years for the purpose of obtaining clearance from Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS – 10.117 Ha. CHAPTER-XI DRAFT EIA REPORT DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

Fig: 11.1 – NABET Certificate

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ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE –I

TOR COPY

ANNEXURE –II MINING PLAN &

DRAWINGS

ANNEXURE –III CLUSTER LETTER

& MAP

ANNEXURE –IV

CLUSTER EMP

CLUSTER ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN

Submission to The State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) & State Environmental Appraisal Committee (SEAC), A.P.

For

M/S BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS MINING OF ROAD METAL & GRAVEL OVER AN EXTENT: 10.117 HA., Mine Address: Sy.No. USL Utlapalem (V), Podalakur (M) S.P.S.R Nellore (Dt.), Andhra Pradesh

PREPARED BY SV ENVIRO LABS & CONSULTANTS Environment Engineers & Consultants in Pollution Control H.O: Block-B, B-1, IDA, Autonagar, Visakhapatnam – 530 012 Ph: 0891-2755528, 9440338628; Tel/Fax: 0891-2755529, E-mail: [email protected] QCI NABET Accredited & Recognized by MOE&F, New Delhi M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

1.0 INTRODUCTION: M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers, Mg. Partner: B. Subba Reddy has applied for grant of Road Metal & Gravel Quarry lease over an extent of 10.117 Ha (25.0 acres) situated at Survey No: USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh on 14.05.2019.

The Mining plan was approved by Deputy Director of Mines & Geology (FAC), Nellore vide Letter No: 651/MP/RM&Gravel/NLR/2019, dated: 22.11.2019.

The present proposal is for obtaining EC for the proposed mine to excavate Road Metal with a production capacity of 275949 m3/annum and 14109 m3/annum of

Gravel (only for one year) under Category B2 at par with B1 as the mine extent is above 5 hectares and the mining activity will be carried out by opencast other than fully mechanized mining method by developing benches with wet jacketed drilling, and controlled blasting.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Presentation of TOR has been made before the SEAC, Andhra Pradesh committee and the TOR has been issued by SEIAA, AP vide order no: SEIAA/AP/NLR/MIN/ 02/2020/1704-328 Dt: 21.07.2020 for conducting public hearing.

1.1 CLUSTER FORMATION: The mine area is a fresh mine, cluster EMP has to submitted to get Environmental

Clearance (EC) under Category B2 at par with B1 as the mine extent is above 5 hectares.

As per MoEF & CC notification S.O. 141(E) dt: 15th January, 2016 “A cluster shall be formed when the distance between the peripheries of one lease is less than 500 m from the periphery of other lease in a homogeneous mineral area” and the mine is having 4 existing mines within 500 m radius of the subjected mine area covering in Utlapalem and Gilakaparu Villages of Podalakur and Rapur Mandals, SPSR Nellore District.

As per the notification, the status of the 5 (one proposed mine and 4 existing mines) quarrying projects is to be examined for a cluster situation.

As per S.O.2269 (E) dt 1st July, 2016 “(6) A cluster shall be formed when the distance between the peripheries of one lease is less than 500 meters from the periphery of other lease in a homogeneous mineral area which shall be applicable to the mine leases or quarry licenses granted on and after 9th September 2013” and mine leases not operative for three years or more and leases which got environmental clearance as on 15th January 2016 shall not be counted for calculating of cluster, but shall be included in the Environmental Management Plan for cluster.

1.2 LOCATION OF THE MINE: The mining area is located in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. The mine area is located at a distance of 41.09 km from the district headquarters, Nellore city. The mine lease area falls under the Toposheet No. 57N/11 bearing Topo sheet details.

Topo sheet No. : 57 N/11 Latitude : 14°16'53.28424"N to 14°16'44.18580"N

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Longitude : 79°38'25.48859"E to 79°38'25.86541"E

1.3 CLUSTER CLASSIFICATION AND LOCATION DETIALS: A certificate about the existing quarries within 500 M radius range around the periphery of the proposed quarry has been obtained from the Assistant Director, Mines & Geology, Nellore Government of Andhra Pradesh. The Assistant Director, Mines & Geology, Nellore to ascertain whether the existing quarries in the said range from a cluster situation and to prepare the EMP accordingly the certificate & cluster map.

As per cluster notification by MoEF&CC mines which not executed lease or Environmental Clearance before 9th September 2013 were considered and were included in preparation of cluster EMP. As per records of the Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Nellore vide Lr. No. 1792/Q/2019 Dt:31.01.2020 there are no areas for which L.O.I is issued for grant of mine lease, where as there are 4 existing mines granted prior to 09.09.2013 present within 500 m distance, out of which three mines non working mines. Thus the existing mines are not counted for cluster consideration; however condition of cluster needs preparation of cluster EMP for all working mines. The cluster details are given below.

There are four (4) existing mines falling under cluster area over a total extent of 49.898 Ha, including M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers mine area and four (4) cluster mines over an extent of 39.781 Ha., which is forming cluster with the proposed mine. List of mines were shown as below. However Environment Management Plan (EMP) is prepared for cluster of mines by considering four existing mines.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Cluster Mine Details: S. Name of the Location Extent Mineral Lease Grant Proceedings EC Status Remarks No. applicant (Ha) period

Sy. No. USL of Notice No. 610/Q/2019, TOR Lr. No. EC Road M/s Bhagavan Utlapalem (V), dated 18.09.2019 SEIAA/AP/NLR/M application 1. 10.117 Metal & LOI issued Stone Crushers Podalakur (M), IN/02/2020/1704- under Gravel SPSR Nellore Dist. 328 Dt: 21.07.2020 process 2. Sy. No. 1083/P of Procs. No: 4912/Q5/2008, Sri P. 24.07.2009 Non working Gilakaparu (V), Road dt: 01.05.2009 of the Rajasekhar 20.194 – -- due to lack of Rapur (M), SPSR Metal DDMG, Guntur & validity Reddy 23.07.2019 EC Nellore Dist. up to 23.07.2019 3. Sy. No. USL of Procs. No: 3560/Q/2009, M/s Vijaya 12.11.2009 Non working Utlapalem (V), Road dt: 12.11.2009 of the Durga Rock 8.094 – -- due to lack of Podalakur (M), Metal DDMG, Guntur & validity Products 11.11.2019 EC SPSR Nellore Dist. up to 12.11.2019 4. M/s Royal Sy. No. USL of 08.03.2010 Procs. No: 3812/Q5/2009, The lease is Stones Utlapalem (V), Road – dt: 25.01.2012 of the below 5.0 Ha. 2.023 -- Podalakur (M), Metal 07..03.2020 DDMG, Guntur & validity SPSR Nellore Dist. up to 07.03.2020 5. M/s Sri Sai Ram Sy. No. USL of 22.07.2010 Procs. No: 7340/Q5/2009, Non working Granites Utlapalem (V), Road – dt: 30.04.2010 of the 9.470 -- due to lack of Podalakur (M), Metal 21.07.2020 DDMG, Guntur & validity EC SPSR Nellore Dist. up to 21.07.2025 49.898

*The total considered area for cluster is 10.117 Ha

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Boundary Coordinates of Individual Mines:

SI. Name of the Extent Points North Latitude East Longitude No. applicant (Ha.)

1 14°16'53.28424"N 79°38'25.48859"E 2 14°16'55.11282"N 79°38'34.62068"E M/s Bhagavan Stone 1 10.117 3 14°16'43.55888"N 79°38'37.80183"E Crushers 4 14°16'43.70742"N 79°38'34.93822"E 5 14°16'44.18580"N 79°38'25.86541"E Sri P. Rajasekhar 2 20.194 Details not traceable Reddy M/s Vijaya Durga 3 8.094 Details not traceable Rock Products M/s Royal Stones 4 2.023 Details not traceable

M/s Sri Sai Ram 5 Granites 9.470 Details not traceable

2.0 Geology: The Archean rocks occupy a major part o the district covering Ozili, Manubolu, Rapuru Gudur and Podalakur Mandals. The Archean rock are represented by granite dolerites, garnetiferous dolerite, schist with staurolite and kyanite hornblend dolerite gabbro with anothosite associated with the metapelites and hornblend dolerite are the sheets and lensoid bodies of meta ultramatices, Acid intrusive are represented by granite, pegmatite and quartz veins. Minerlogically, they consist of dolerite microcline, plagioclase perthite, biotite, muscovite and magnetite. At places hornblende and garnet are present in this region. The rock units, exposed in this region of the subject area belongs to rock of the Archeans age hornblende schist country rock with enclaves of older metamorphic and with emplacements of muscovite, pegmatites and quartz veins.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Associated with the metapelite and hornblend dolerite micaceous schist. The rock is exposed in the form of cluster of bounders and occasionally sheets.

2.1 Mineable Reserves: The proved category reserves of Road Metal are estimated to a thickness of 38 m and a proved depth of 20 m from surface level is proved in adjacent quarries 20 m from surface i.e., from 140 m up to 60 m MSL. The quality of mineral is likely to be the same as exposed in existing pits. The reserves are estimated by sectional method which as consists of multiplying the cross-sectional area with the zone of influence if arrive at the volume. For the purpose of reserve estimation, 11 Geological sections A-A’ to K-K’ are drawn perpendicular to the slope direction for profile purpose at an interval of 30m each.

Life of Mine:

MINERAL RESERVES IN CLUSTER OF MINES

S.No. Name of the Geological Mineable Mine Life applicant Reserves (m3) Reserves (m3) (Years) 1. M/s Bhagavan Stone 2848852 1767209 7 years Crushers 2. Sri P. Rajasekhar Details not traceable Reddy 3 M/s Vijaya Durga Details not traceable Rock Products

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

4 M/s Royal Stones Details not traceable

5 M/s Sri Sai Ram Details not traceable Granites

2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION MINING PROCESS The mining operations are carried out by semi mechanized open cast method with 6 benches of each 6 m height & width of the bench will be more than bench height with help of drilling and blasting in plan period. The dolerite by nature is hard. So blasting is mandatory for excavation. The blasted material will be loaded in to Tippers by excavator. The loaded ROM will be transported to the crusher located outside of the applied area within 1 km distance in private land. The top layer of gravel is removed directly by excavator alone with no drilling and blasting.

Production Details of Cluster within 500 m:

Waste SI. Maximum Production Land Name of the applicant 3 No. (m3/annum) (m /annum)

Road Metal - 275949 Govt. 1. M/s Bhagavan Stone 14523 Crushers Gravel - 14109 Land Details not traceable 2 Sri P. Rajasekhar Reddy Details not traceable 3 M/s Vijaya Durga Rock Products 4 M/s Royal Stones Details not traceable

5 M/s Sri Sai Ram Granites Details not traceable

Baseline Environment, Impact assessment and Mitigation: The proposed mine is for production of Road Metal and Gravel and another four existing mines are for Road Metal alone. As per mining plan and obtained TOR, it is proposed to produce with a maximum production capacity of 275949 m3/annum of Road Metal and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year).

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Water Environment:

M/s Bhagavan Stone Crushers (Extent – 10.117 Ha) There is no remarkable water streams flowing through the mine area. Hence impact on surface runoff is not envisaged. During mining operation runoff will be collected in pit and used for mining operations like wetting of haul roads and watering of plants etc. During operation of mine total water requirement for this mine is estimated to be 13.0 KLD. Out of which 1.0 KLD is for domestic purposes, 4.0 KLD is for water sprinkling for dust suppression, 4.0 KLD for wet jacketed drilling and 4.0 KLD for Green belt development. The source of water is through water tankers from nearby village.

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Open cast method of Road Metal & Gravel mining will result in some adverse impacts on the surrounding environment and the magnitude and impact of the Environmental pollution depends on method of mining, scale and concentration of mining activity.

The following are the possible impacts while carrying out the quarrying activities.

 Change in land use pattern  Waste generation  Impact on flora & fauna around quarry site.  Dust generation during mining, screening and transportation  Silting of local water bodies due to soil erosion  Vibrations and impact on surroundings  Noise from quarrying operations.

However the above impacts can be mitigated with proper Environmental Management Plan supported by adequate financial allocation.

3.2 WASTE GENERATION Solid waste 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads. The top soil will be preserved within the lease area for using reclamation of the pit at the time of closure

Liquid Waste:

The liquid waste will be mainly run of rain water during monsoon months from the mine face. The rain water draining the exposed rocks, fragment and dust in the quarry is susceptible for incorporating the above as suspended solids into the runoff. Seepage of such water down to the water table may cause pollution to the ground water.

However there is no scope for seepage of mine liquid waste, as the mining is above the ground level. The rain water is collected in the low elevation portion of the mine through garland drains and the same will be used for greenbelt development, Dust depression.

Very small quantity of waste water will be generated from domestic consumption which is treated through septic tank followed by soak pit.

3.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT: Solid waste: 95% of total produced ROM will be utilized as Road Metal, hence the waste generated from this mine is minimum i.e., 5%. A total of 71897 m3 of waste is generated will be stored temporarily within buffer area covering an extent of 0.1 Ha. The waste generated will be used in garland drain/retention wall construction and regular gradation of haul/approach roads.

Liquid Waste: Since the stone is free toxic minerals, there will not be any toxicity in the collected rain water. As no chemical activity is involved in the quarry operations, treatment of waste water is not required.

The rain water is collected in the mine area at lowest elevated portion and the same will be used for sprinkling on roads for wetting and mitigate the dust pollution, wetting and also some quantity will be used in watering of plants.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

The small quantity of waste water generated from domestic consumption will be sent to septic followed by a soak pit.

3.4 AIR POLLUTION

Dust Generation during quarrying operation and transportation Dust will be generated during the mine operations, handling of extracted mineral and transportation of the material which needs to be controlled to mitigate the pollution.

The following measures are proposed to mitigate pollution due to dust emissions.  Developing tree cover all along the periphery of the cluster of mines to reduce dust impact  Sprinkling water at frequent intervals on the haul road to reduce dust generation during plying of dumpers.  Periodic maintenance of haulage roads.  Wetting of road from quarry site to village road.  Spraying water over the ROM to be loaded to reduce dust generation during loading operation.  Developing plantation along the mining leases cluster boundary and outside roads to reduce spread of dust.

Green Belt Development Plan Green belt is proposed to be developed within mine buffer area and on either sides along the approach road of the mine during the mining for mitigating the air pollution due to fugitive dust emissions and the noise generated.

3.5 IMPACT ON FLORA AND FAUNA  Vegetation in the area is sparse and is mainly in the form of patches comprising thorny bushes, small shrubs and some trees.  On the other hand green belt is proposed to be developed within mine area.  Plant species like Neem, Mango & Eucalyptus will be used to develop green belt.  Sapling consisting of Neem, Teak will be planted along the cluster buffer zone and the top soil bunds, and on foot of the hill.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

3.6 VIBRATIONS AND IMPACT Vibrations are determined by three factors for its intensity is Vibration Amplitude (Peak Particle Velocity), duration and frequency. Studies show found that delay interval of 17 to 43 milli seconds results into generation of lower level of ground vibration. These can be controlled by non-electric delay detonators and sequential blasting (Control blast) system. Blasting can be minimized by introducing latest techniques like, line drilling and splitting or exponso mortar pouring, adopting control blasting. otherwise; in-situ mass may damage due to blasting in hard and compact rock.

As the nearest habitation Munagapadu Village at a distance of 0.88 km away from the quarry site and there will not be any impact on buildings or structures as well as local beings.

3.7 NOISE SOURCES AND CONTROL MEASURES The main sources of noise in mining activity are drilling, blasting, material handling machinery, and loading equipment, etc. The noise generated by the machinery and vehicles as well as drilling operations will be minimal in the range of maximum 100dB.

Following mitigation measures would control noise pollution:  Maintaining the machinery in good condition by properly lubricating all moving parts.  Providing earmuffs, ear plugs etc. to workers.  Using hydraulic drills for drilling.  Designing and following the controlled blasting techniques in such a way that only one holes should blast at a time by using non-electrical delay detonators for sequential blasting.  Conventional mining methods will be implemented instead of blasting, line drilling for splitting or chemical powder, hydraulic drilling etc.  Avoiding secondary blasting by using rock breakers.  Blasting to be done in noon’s when population is low or between 5.00 PM to 6.00 PM when temperature inversions are not likely to be there and air density is less.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

 Developing thick greenbelt around the cluster and along the approach roads along the haulage roads.  Limiting the use of horns by the drivers of the vehicles.

3.8 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The major risks associated with quarrying are drilling risks, slope failure; fly rocks and vibration due to blasting, storage of explosives, toxic fumes from blasting etc. Risk analysis involves systematic identification and assessment of major damage potential credible risk scenario to help management to make objective decisions on hazards reduction or avoidance measures meeting regulatory requirements and develop a structured management framework for an effective Disaster Management Plan including emergency preparedness and contingency plans.

The planning for mitigating the emergency involves the reorganization of the accident or possible assessing the consequences of such possible accident and deciding on emergency planning/procedures in advance.

Both on site & off site that would be necessary to be implemented in the event of emergency without any delay and confusion.

Proper bench design in mines and observing safety measures for transportation storage, handling of explosives & fuels, etc, good maintenance of vehicles, roads, and fire prevention measures shall go in preventing disaster/accidents.

Mining shall be carried out as per Regulation of the MMR 1961 & rules and Regulations made there under applicable. The project in charge is having a mobile/alternative communication for quick intimation of information if need arises.

As the quarry operation is open cast, only possible risk is collapse of quarry/ pit sides when people are working. For this proper bench slope will be maintained as per the mining plan.

Mining operation will not be conducted during rainy days to avoid any collapse of the overburden into mine pit.

All precautions would be taken to control fly rock during the blasting operations.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

The quarry area is to be provided with good communication facilities like telephone & mobile phone or wireless walky talks.

In case of any minor/major accidents within the mine, the same will be communicated to the DGMS officials, the District Magistrate and Mines & Geology officials concern and local authorities concern.

A vehicle is kept all the time at the quarry site for conveyance. The workmen in the project are periodically trained at group vocational training center for proper safety training as per the DGMS circulars.

At quarry level first aid facility is provided and person(s) will be shifted to nearest major hospital.

A key person will be assigned duties and responsibilities for incident response and emergency response at the quarry. At mine level first aid will provide and person shall be shifted to nearby government hospital, having all basic facilities and qualified medical officer who is capable of handling normal accidents.

Mine manager is the person responsible of the disaster management and he need to be contacted in case of any disaster.

3.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY As a measure of occupational safety & health, the following facilities will be provided to the workmen;  Providing Dust masks to prevent exposure to dust  Providing ear muffs/ear plugs for protecting from adverse affects of noise  Monitoring the health of the workers on regular basis Periodical Medical Examination (PME) as per Mines Rules 1956.  Providing First Aid Facility at the work site.  Providing basic amenities to the quarry workmen.

3.10 BUDGETS FOR IMPELEMENTATION OF EMP The Environmental Management plan involves:  Dust Suppression measures  Green Belt Development,  Undertaking periodical Environmental monitoring

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

 Providing personal protective equipments

3.11 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN Monitoring Strategy The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary and is a part of the environmental protection measures. Monitoring is as important as that of controlling, since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring.

A well-defined environmental monitoring program would be taken up to monitor the ambient air to check whether the quality of air is maintained within the permissible limits.

The following environmental attributes should be monitored:  Air pollution.  Noise pollution  Workers Health

Locations and frequency of monitoring should be as per the guide lines of APPCB and MOEF.

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING

As per MoEF, there is a need to identify 3 ambient air stations at 1200 angle keeping the main source in the center.

The ground level concentrations of suspended particulate (PM10 &PM2.5,), sulphur

dioxide SO2 and Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) in the ambient air outside the quarry boundaries shall be monitored at regular intervals.

Any deviation from predicted /expected values shall be investigated and necessary action be taken.

NOISE MONITORING  Noise levels in the work space environment will be monitored periodically. If any deviation is observed necessary corruptive measures will be taken.

 Monitoring noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of maintenance of schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and noise protection measures.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

 A good quality sound pressure level meter is essential for this purpose.

 This work can be handled by out sourcing the surveillance is for the benefit of the workers will being and to keep track of machine wear.

WORKERS HEALTH Regular health check up of workers will be carried out at the nearest hospital at least once in an year as per the Rule 29 of Mines Rules 1955.

3.12 POST CLOSURE PLAN Based on the estimation of mineable reserves in the mining plan, the quarrying operations will be continued further reserves may be proved within the Mining Plan period. At the end of the lease period after completion of the quarrying, the quarry pits would be developed as reservoirs for rain water collection, which act as sources for recharging the ground water levels in the area. Green belt will be developed on the bunds of the quarry and along the benches and approach road, haulage roads, etc.

4.0 CONCLUSION: The production of Road Metal and Gravel project held by M/s. Bhagavan Stone Crushers proposed to obtain a EC over an Extent of 10.117 Ha which is located in Sy. No. USL of Utlapalem Village, Podalakur Mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh will be environmental compatible to the surrounding and there will be no long term environmental impact based on the existing environmental scenario. The particulate matter getting airborne from the quarrying activity gets dispersed in close proximity itself and settles down early. The noise levels due to the proposed quarry activity are also not of a higher order that calls for immediate corrective measures. There will be positive socio-economic front in the surrounding region due to the proposed quarrying activity. The green belt development would help in achieving ecological balance.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will help mitigate adverse impacts on the environment. Where impacts occur, immediate action would be taken to reduce the escalation of effects associated with these impacts.

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M/s. BHAGAVAN STONE CRUSHERS (Extent – 10.117 Ha) Cluster EMP

Hence, it is requested that Environmental Clearance be accorded to the Road Metal with maximum production capacity of 275949 m3/annum and 14109 m3/annum of Gravel (only for one year).

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ANNEXURE –V FOREST & MRO

NOC