Mueller Green Resources Guide
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MUELLER GREEN RESOURCES GUIDE 2 MUELLER GREEN RESOURCES GUIDE v.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - Introduction 5 CHAPTER 2 - USGBC’s LEED® Green Building Rating System 11 & Austin Energy Green Building Program CHAPTER 3 - Four Green Urbanism Signature Themes 18 Protecting Air Quality 19 Urban Heat Island Effect 29 Protecting the Night Sky 35 Creating Green Buildings 41 CHAPTER 4 - Green Building Case Studies 57 CHAPTER 5 - City, State and Federal Programs, Incentives and Rebates 82 CHAPTER 6 - Resources 92 3 CENTER FOR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Mueller Green Resources Guide was prepared by the Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems under contract with Catellus Development Corporation, a ProLogis Company. The authors are solely responsible for the content. Contributing to the Guide’s research, writing and graphic design are CMPBS Staff and Interns Adele Houghton, Dan Overbey, Justin Short, Alex Stadtner, Rachel Stone and Gail Vittori and consultant Andy Karvonen. Scott Johnson, Devon Reece, Tia Heneghan and Rich MacMath also provided valuable research assistance. We also benefited from the contributions of City of Austin staff, including Dan Pedersen of the Water & Wastewater Department; Pam Hefner and Nick Naccarato of the Economic Growth and Redevelopment Services Office; Kay Owens of the Public Information Office; and, Cliff Braddock, Lee Gros, Katie Jensen, and Sarah Talkington of Austin Energy. Images were provided with permission by Austin Energy, The City of Austin, Andy Karvonen, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Andy Mattern, Rachel Stone, Peter Tata, ROMA Design Group, US EERE Building Database, and Veristudios. We extend our appreciation to Greg Weaver, Matt Whelan, Carl Paulson, Ian Dietrich and the entire Catellus team for their vision and leadership in establishing sustainable devel- opment and design as a central tenet of Mueller. DISCLAIMER The information contained within this publication is for general infor- mation purposes only, and does not imply an endorsement or guar- antee by Catellus Development Corporation or Center for Maximum Potential Building Systems as to performance or reliability. IMAGES ON OPPOSITE PAGE: STACK EFFECT DIAGRAM, DAN OVERBEY; PHOTO OF LION’S GATE, COURTESY OF MUELLER DESIGN BOOK; TRAN- SIT SECTION, COURTESY OF ROMA DESIGN GROUP. MUELLER CONTEXT MAP. IMAGE COURTESY OF ROMA DESIGN GROUP. OF ROMA COURTESY IMAGE MAP. MUELLER CONTEXT 4 MUELLER GREEN RESOURCES GUIDE v.2 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 5 CENTER FOR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS The Mueller Green Resources Guide is a reference document to support green building practices at Mueller. Green building incorporates healthy, environmentally sensitive, socially responsible, and cost-effective strategies into the design, construction and operation of buildings. Today, green buildings are recognized as good for the environment, for people, and for the bottom line. CLIMATE CHANGE WHY GREEN BUILDING? Over the last three decades, there has been heightened awareness about the effects buildings have on the environment and human health. Buildings on a national basis are responsible for: 30% of all energy use 17% of water use 40% of raw stone, gravel, sand and steel use 25% of virgin wood use IMAGE COURTESY OF CITY OF AUSTIN In addition, buildings generate about 30% of carbon dioxide emissions (a greenhouse gas associated with global warming) and 35% of municipal solid waste. Extracting, processing, and transporting TEN BASIC APPROACHES TO GREEN BUILDING these materials can disturb sensitive ecological systems, and result in particulate and chemical emissions that can pollute the air, land and 1) Select and develop sites to promote livable communities 2) Develop flexible designs to enhance building longevity water. Furthermore, because people spend about 90% of every day 3) Use natural strategies to protect and restore water resources indoors, it is essential that buildings have a healthy indoor environment. 4) Improve energy efficiency while ensuring thermal comfort 5) Reduce environmental impacts related to energy use By integrating climatic design principles with environmentally-sensitive 6) Promote occupant health and well-being in the indoor construction practices, healthy building materials, native landscaping, and environment energy- and water-efficient mechanical and plumbing equipment, green 7) Conserve water and consider water reuse systems 8) Use environmentally preferable building materials buildings have lower operating costs, higher return on investment and 9) Use appropriate plant materials appreciation, and enhanced occupant health and productivity. Based on 10) Plan for recycling during construction, demolition, and recent studies, green buildings on average have a first cost premium of occupancy about two percent, which is generally recouped from lower operating costs. Source: HOK Guidebook Moreover, with the prospect of escalating energy costs, green buildings are recognized as a smart business decision in addition to a demonstration of community and environmental stewardship. INTRODUCTION 6 MUELLER GREEN RESOURCES GUIDE v.2 Focus on CLIMATE CHANGE AUSTIN CLIMATE PROTECTION PLAN In February 2005, 141 countries adopted the Kyoto Protocol as a IN FEBRUARY 2007, AUSTIN MAYOR WILL WYNN response to climate change resulting from greenhouse gas emissions. ANNOUNCED THE AUSTIN CLIMATE PROTECTION PLAN, HIGHLIGHTING GOALS TO MAKE AUSTIN THE LEADING CITY IN THE U.S. IN REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES. While the U.S. did not ratify the protocol, local governments, cities and organizations around the country have united to address the challenge. Included in the Austin Climate Protection Plan: Homes and Building Plan: The U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protection Agreement calls for the nation’s mayors to take • Make all new single-family homes zero net-energy leadership in creating policies and programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions capable by 2015. within their communities. As of June 2008, over 800 mayors have signed the • Increase energy efficiency in all other new construction by 75% by 2015. agreement, including Austin’s Mayor Will Wynn. Goals include: • Require disclosure of historic energy use, facilitate and require energy efficiency improvements in existing 1. Strive to meet or beat the Kyoto Protocol targets in their own communities, homes and buildings at point of sale. through actions ranging from anti-sprawl land-use policies to urban forest • Enhance incentives and requirements for Green restoration projects to public information campaigns; Building program; develop “carbon neutral” certification. A Net-Zero Energy Capable Home achieves an efficiency 2. Urge state governments and the federal government to enact policies and level approximately 65% higher than homes built to the City of Austin Energy Code in effect in November programs to meet or beat the greenhouse gas emission reduction target suggested 2006. This enables these homes to achieve annual net for the United States in the Kyoto Protocol -- 7% reduction from 1990 levels by 2012; zero energy use with the provision of on-site energy and, generation. Because all homes in Austin will have to be built to this standard at point of sale in 2015, homes at Mueller can take the opportunity to build as close to 3. Urge the U.S. Congress to pass the bipartisan greenhouse gas reduction zero-energy capable as they can now to avoid possible legislation, which would establish a national emissions trading system. upgrades/retrofits that may be required in the future. Homes can benefit from guidance in the Mueller Green Source: Seattle Mayor’s Office, http://www.seattle.gov/mayor/climate Resources Guide to put them on track to become Zero- Energy capable. 7 CENTER FOR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS LEED FOR NEIGHBORHOOD ARCHITECTURE 2030 ºCHALLENGE Architecture 2030 is a non-profit organization established in 2002 by architect Edward Mazria. DEVELOPMENT Its goal is “to achieve a dramatic reduction in the global-warming-causing greenhouse gas In 2007, Mueller was selected as one of 238 development (GHG) emissions of the Building Sector by changing the way buildings and developments are planned, designed and constructed.” (from www.architecture2030.org). projects around the world to participate in the LEED for Neighborhood Development* Pilot Program. As a result, Targets: Mueller will be actively exploring an array of Green Urbanism Strategies at the development scale. These include: • At a minimum, an amount of existing building area equal to that of new construction be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, greenhouse gas LEED Certified Green Buildings (GHG) emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the Energy Efficieny in Buildings regional (or country) average for that building type. Reduced Water Use Heat Island Reduction • The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings be increased to: On-Site Energy Generation o 60% in 2010 Proximity to Water and Wastewater Infrastructure o 70% in 2015 Brownfield Redevelopment o 80% in 2020 Building Reuse o 90% in 2025 Reduced Automobile Dependence o Carbon-neutral by 2030 (zero fossil-fuel, School Proximity GHG emitting energy to operate). Design for Habitat or Wetland Conservation Reduced Parking Footprint Achieving the targets may be accomplished through innovative design Walkable Streets strategies, application of renewable technologies and/or the purchase Local Food Production (maximum 20%) of renewable energy. More information, energy charts, an incentive database,