研究報告

台灣昆蟲 22: 101-114 (2002) Formosan Entomol. 22: 101-114 (2002)

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. nov., a new species of from Taiwan (Insecta: )

Ulf Buchsbaum* Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen Dept. Entomology, Section Lepidoptera Muenchhausenstrasse 21, D-81247 Muenchen, Germany Michael A. Miller Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen Project group DNA-TAX, Muenchhausenstrasse 21, D-81247 Muenchen, Germany

ABSTRACT

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. nov. is described from Taiwan and compared to other species of the . The new species is recorded from several localities in Taiwan. The known distribution is shown in a map. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I are included in the character set.

Zusammenfassung

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. nov. wird aus Taiwan beschrieben und mit ähnlichen Arten dieser Gattung verglichen. Die neue Art ist an mehreren Plätzen in Taiwan gefunden worden. Die bisher bekannte Verbreitung wird in einer Karte dargestellt. DNA-Sequenzen des mitochondriellen Gens der Cytochromoxidase Untereinheit I werden in das Merkmalsset der neuen Art aufgenommen.

Key words: Lepidoptera, Drepanidae, Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. nov., Taiwan, distribution, DNA sequences, mtDNA, COI.

Introduction in the Oriental region from the Himalayas to Taiwan, and to Malaysia, The family Drepanidae is distributed Sumatra, and Borneo. However, in predominantly in the Oriental region and Watson´s (1968) list of Chinese more than 400 species are known Drepanidae, the genus is not mentioned. (Heppner, 1991; Heppner and Inoue 1992; Due to the huge distribution area of Holloway et al., 2001; Chu and Wang, Leucoblepsis excisa (Hampson, 1893) 1991). Publications on some of the genera, which was described from India and is e.g. by Watson (1957, 1961, 1968), known from the Himalayas through Wilkinson (1967a, b; 1972), and Holloway Malaysia to Sumatra and Borneo but not (1998), respectively emphasize the need recorded from China (Chu and Wang, for further revision. 1991), it is likely that there are The genus Leucoblepsis is distributed misidentifications and yet unrecognized

*Correspondence address e-mail:[email protected] Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 101 unknown species included within that 2000, leg. W. Schacht, coll. ZSM, taxon. later in coll. NCH Univ. Taichung. For the Taiwanese fauna, there are DNA-TAX voucher no. DNATAX at the moment 2 species of Leucoblepsis 00568. known, i.e., L. excisa (Hampson, [1893]), and L. fenestraria (Moore, 1868) 11 Paratypes: (Heppner and Inoue, 1992; Wang, 1995). 1 female, NW Taiwan, Hueisuen Experi- According to Inoue (1988) L. fenestraria mental Forest, 600 m, ca. 24°07'N, (Moore, 1868) is a rare species in Taiwan. 121°03'E, E Taichung, 23-27-vi-2000, The present work is a part of a leg. W. Schacht, coll. ZSM, DNA-TAX large-scale study on the Drepanidae (e.g. voucher no. DNATAX00573; Buchsbaum, 2000). In addition to 1 female, NW Taiwan, Hueisuen Experi- investigations of museum materials mental Forest, 600 m, ca. 24°07'N, drepanid were collected during 121°03'E, E Taichung, 23-27-vi-2000, several expeditions to Taiwan in different leg. W. Schacht, coll. ZSM, DNA-TAX areas of the island. Detailed study of the voucher no. DNATAX00574; specimens of the genus Leucoblepsis 1 female, NE-Taiwan, ILAN, Fushan Warren 1922 revealed that they are a so Bota- nical Garden, 650 m, ca. far unknown species to science. 24°47'N, 121°33' E, 17-22-vi-2000, leg. However, it seems that all Taiwanese W. Schacht, coll. ZSM; specimens hitherto determined as L. 1 male, S Taiwan, KAOHSIUNG, Tengir excisa (e.g. Heppner and Inoue, 1992; Forest Res. Station, ca. 23°07'N, Wang, 1995) represent the new species 120°47’E, 1600 m, 6-10-vii-2000, leg. instead. W. Schacht, coll. ZSM, DNA-TAX voucher no. DNATAX00567; Abbreviations 1 male, S Taiwan, KAOHSIUNG, Tengir Forest Res. Station, ca. 23°07'N, The present work includes 120°47’E, 1600 m, 6-10-vii-2000, leg. examinations of material from several W. Schacht, coll. ZSM, DNA-TAX museums and collections: BMNH (British voucher no. DNATAX00570; Museum (Natural History), London, UK), 1 male, TAITUNG, 7 km N Tupan, 120° FSCA (Florida State Collection of 52'E, 22°29'N, 500 m, 10-xii-1997, leg. , Gainesville, FL, USA), MWM S. Simony & A. Szabo, coll. MWM, (Museum Witt, Munich, Germany), NCH DNA-TAX voucher no. DNATAX (National Chung-Hsing University 00563; Taichung, Taiwan), NMNS (National 1 female, Wulai, TAIPEI, 435 m, 20-22-ix- Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 1992, leg. F. Aulombard & J. Plante, Taiwan), ZFMK (Zoologisches Forschung- coll. ZFMK (Fig. 2); sinstitut und Museum Alexander König, 1 male, TAICHUNG, Chaipautai, 8-10-v- Bonn, Germany), ZSM (Zoologische 1996, leg. C. S. Lin, coll. NMNS; Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany). 1 female, KAOHSIUNG, Liukuei Forest Station, 750 m, 29-iv – 3-v-1989, leg. Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. nov. J. B. Heppner & H. Wang, coll. FSCA; (Fig. 1): 1 female, Taiwan, HUALIEN, Wenshan Holotype spa, 580 m, 4-5-viii-1983, leg. A. male, S - Taiwan, KAOHSIUNG Co., Kawabe, coll. BMNH; Tengir Forest Res. Station, ca. 1 female, Wulei, TAIPEI, Formosa, 13-vi- 23°07'N, 120°47E, 1600 m, 6-10-vii- 1970, Y. Kishida, Coll. BMNH.

102 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Fig. 1. Holotype, ♂ Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. n.

Description and differential diagnosis forewing distinctly darker in L. Wingspan: 25-32 mm, Ø 28 mm; taiwanensis sp. nov. and extending length of forewing: 14-17 mm, Ø 16 mm. median. Median fascia in forewing Wingspan of the type L. excisa: 23 mm. widening towards inner margin (in L. Somewhat resembling L. excisa but excisa not widening, running almost easily distinguished because L. parallel). Scaleless areas between CuA1 taiwanensis sp. nov. is larger. On the and M2 forming a triangle in both forewing apex, the light-colored areas are species pointing to costal margin. Vein larger and extend between R3 and M2 (in M3 cutting the triangle into 2 parts. In L. L. excisa only between R4 and M1) (for taiwanensis sp. nov. the triangle is larger venation terms see Scoble, 1995). and the cutted tip extending larger in Outer margin of forewing below apex cell M2 than in L. excisa. half-moon shaped, more pronounced than Outer margin of hindwing lighter in in L. excisa. Both tips of the half moon L. taiwanensis sp. nov. than in L. excisa. shapes are more pointed in L. Hindwing vein M2 prolonged to form a taiwanensis sp. nov., in L. excisa shallow, peak in the middle of the outer margin, tips blunter. Submarginal blotch of in L. excisa less pronounced.

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 103 Fig. 2. Paratype, ♀ Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. n.

hairs. Antrum membranous, dotted. Male genitalia (Fig. 3a, b) Ductus bursae very thin and tender. Uncus posteriorly rounded, more Signum little sclerotized and surface slender than in L. excisa. Vinculum barely structured. stoutly sclerotized (in L. excisa distinctly narrower and slightly shorter). Valvae Genetic characterization small and narrow, distally stoutly DNA was extracted from abdominal sclerotized, tapering (in L. excisa more tissue of some of the type specimens of L. pronounced than in L. taiwanensis sp. taiwanensis sp. nov. using a Qiagen nov.). Saccus round (in L. excisa (Hilden, Germany) tissue kit according to distinctly longer). Aedeagus slender. the manufacturers protocols. The Carina as a broad spine. Ductus mitochondrial (mtDNA) cytochrome ejaculatorius narrow (in L. excisa oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was distinctly wider). amplified with PCR using protocols and primers as in Simon et al., 1994. Direct Female genitalia (Fig. 4) sequencing of dye-labeled templates was Ovipositor rounded, with only few carried out using an ABI 377 automated

104 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Fig. 3. a. Holotype, male genitalia Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. n.; b. Holotype, male genitalia aedoeagus L. taiwanensis sp. n.

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 105 Fig. 4. Paratype, female genitalia L. taiwanensis sp. n.

sequencer (Applied Biosystems). holotype of Leucoblepsis taiwanensis sp. Up to 10 single sequences per nov. (DNATAX00568) is aligned to the individual were assembled and aligned COI sequence of falcataria and to the COI gene of Bombyx mori the GenBank reference sequence of COI (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae; GenBank of the complete genome of the accession no. NC_002355). Additionally mitochondrion of Bombyx mori we sequenced Drepana falcataria (NC_002355): (see page 107) (DNATAX00481) for direct ingroup Species variation: In addition to the comparison (Fig. 5). holotype we sequenced 5 of the paratypes. DNA is stored in the frozen DNA The sequence variation within the set of collection of the ZSM under storage types is shown in Table 1. There are 17 numbers DNATAX00568 (holotype), variable sites within the paratypes and DNATAX00563 (paratype), DNATAX also 17 variable sites within all type 00567 (paratype), DNATAX00570 specimens. Therefore the species (paratype), DNATAX00573 (paratype), variation is 1.09% sequence divergence in and DNATAX00574 (paratype). this set. For comparison of sequence The following sequence of COI of the divergence to other species within the

106 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 107 108 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 109 Fig. 5. The sequences of COI gene in L. taiwanenensis, Drepana falcataria, and Bombyx mori. subfamily we counted the in the 1502bp fragment of COI available variable sites between L. taiwanensis sp. for comparison, i.e., 10.25% sequence nov. (Holotype, DNATAX00568) and divergence within this part of the COI Drepana falcataria (DNATAX00481). gene in the investigated specimens. There are an over all 154 variable sites Compared to a 1530pb fragment of COI of

Table 1. Variable sites and positions varable sites 66 255 258 402 708 747 979 999 1083 1098 1198 1287 1308 1314 1319 1362 1404 positions COI DNATAX00568 A T C C A T A C T T C G A T A G C (holotype) DNATAX00563 A A A T A T G T T C T G A T A G T (paratype) DNATAX00567 G A A T A T A T T C T G T A C G T (paratype) DNATAX00570 A T C C A T A C T T C G A T A G C (paratype) DNATAX00573 G T C T A G A C T C T A A T A G T (paratype) DNATAX00574 G T C T G T A C C C T G A T A A T (paratype)

110 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Fig. 6. The known distribution of the new species L. taiwanensis in Taiwan

B. mori (NC_002355) it is 13.79%. (DNATAX00570, paratype), AJ 458335 The new sequences are deposited (DNATAX00573, paratype), AJ 458336 under the accession numbers AJ 458333 (DNATAX00574, paratype), and AJ (DNATAX00568, holotype), AJ 458331 458337 (DNATAX00481, no type), (DNATAX00563, paratype), AJ 458332 respectively, at EBI/GenBank. (DNATAX00567, paratype), AJ 458334

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 111 Remarks on molecular studies The project is part of the "Entomological Data Information System (EDIS)" Our aim was to provide an additional initiative under the direction of BIOLOG, character set in the diagnosis of the new founded by the German Federal Ministry species. There is at the moment no for Education and Research (BMBF possibility of including the most closely project ID 01LC99004/2). related species, L. excisa, in a differential diagnosis at the DNA sequence level. References

Biology, behaviour, and Buchsbaum, U. 2000. Agnidra alextoba distribution sp. n. aus Sumatra (Lepidoptera, Drepanidae). - Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. Adults are nocturnal and attracted to 90: 85-89. light. Figure 5 shows the known Chu, H. Y., and L. Y. Wang. 1991. distribution of the new species in Taiwan. Lepidoptera: Cyclidiidae, Drepanidae. The species has been caught at elevations 1-269. In: Fauna Sinica. Insecta, Vol. of between about 400 up to 1600 m, and 3: 1-269, 10 pls., Science Press, in most months between April and Beijing (in Chinese with English December. So far, there are no records summary). from January, February, March, August Hampson, G. F. 1893. The fauna of and November. British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Moths I. London. 527 pp. Acknowledgments Heppner, J. B. 1991. Faunal regions and the diversity of Lepidoptera. Trop. The first author is grateful to the Lepidopt. 2(Suppl. 1): 1-85. German Academic Exchange Service Heppner, J. B., and H. Inoue. 1992. (DAAD) for financial support (project ID Lepidoptera of Taiwan. Vol. 1, Part 2: D/0039914, PPP-Taiwan), especially to Checklist. Assoc. Trop. Lep., Mrs. Eberlein (Bonn). Special thanks go Gainesville, FL. to our Taiwanese partners, especially Prof. Holloway, J. D. 1998. The moths of Dr. Jeng-Tze Yang (Taichung), Ming-Yu Borneo: families Castanidae, Tsai (Taichung), Mei-Ling Chan Callidulidae, Drepanidae, Uraniidae. (Taichung), Keh-Miin Chen (Taipei), and Malayan Nat. J. 52: 1-155. many others. Geoff Martin (BMNH, Holloway, J. D., G. Kibby, and D. Peggie. London) loaned material of the new 2001. The families of Malesian moths species and prepared the genitalia of the and butterflies. Fauna Malesiana type of L. excisa. The authors are also Handbook 3. Brill, Leiden, Boston, grateful to Sonja Knölke (Munich) for Köln. 455 pp. preparing the genitalic slides and Martin Inoue, H. 1988. Taxonomic notes on the Spies for his help with the translation. Drepanidae from Taiwan, with Moreover authors thank Silvia descriptions of two new species and Wagner and Konstantin Witt of the six new subspecies. Tinea (Tokyo) 12: Sequencing Unit of DNA-TAX group for 125-134. the laboratory works (Munich, ZSM). Scoble, M. J. 1995. The Lepidoprtera: The genetic part of this paper, Form, Function and Diversity. The conducted at the Zoologische Natural History Museum, Oxford Staatssammlung Munich, Germany, was Univ. Press, Oxford, 404 pp. part of the DNA-TAX project aimed at Simon, C., F. Frati, A. Beckenbach, B. establishing sequence databases. Crespi, H. Liu, and P. Flock. 1994.

112 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期 Evolution, weighting and phylo- Drepanidae represented in China, genetic utility of mitochondrial gene with an account of their world sequences and a compilation of distribution (Lepidoptera: Drepa- conserved polymerase chain reaction nidae). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) primers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87: Entomol. (London): Suppl. 12: 1-151, 651-701. 15 pls. Wang, H. Y. 1995. Guide book to the Wilkinson, C. 1967a. A taxonomic study in Taiwan, 10 Brahmaeidae, of the Genera Ditrigona Moore, Eupterotidae, Cyclidiidae, Drepa- Teldenia Moore and Argodrepana gen. nidae, Notodontidae. Taipei. 237 pp. n. (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae: Drepa- Warren, W. 1922/23. Drepanidae. In: A. ninae). PhD. thesis London Seitz ed. Die Großschmetterlinge der University. 336 pp. Erde 10. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Wilkinson, C. 1967b. A taxonomic Stuttgart. 909 pp. revision of the genus Teldenia Moore Watson, A. 1957. A revision of the genus (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae, Drepa- Tridrepana Swinhoe (Lepidoptera, ninae). Trans. R. Ent. Soc. (London). Drepanidae). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. 119: 303-362, 4 pls. Hist.) Entomol. (London). 4: 407- 500, Wilkinson, C. 1972. The Drepanidae of 2 pls. Nepal (Lepidoptera). Khumbu Himal, Watson, A. 1961. A taxonomic study of Ergebn. Forsch. Unternehmen Nepal some Indo-Australian Drepanidae Himalaya, München. 4: 157-228. (Lepidoptera). Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. (London). 10: 315-348, Received Dec. 21, 2001 2 pls. Accepted April 24, 2002 Watson, A. 1968. The of the

Leucoblepsis taiwanensis from Taiwan 113 自台灣採集之鉤蛾科 (Drepanidae) (昆蟲綱: 鱗翅目) 的新 種 Leucoblepsis taiwanensis

Ulf Buchsbaum* Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Department of Entomology, Section Lepidoptera, Muenchhausenstrasse 21 D - 81247 Muenchen, Germany Michael A. Miller Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen, Project group, DNA-TAX, Muenchhausenstrasse 21, D - 81247 Muenchen, Germany

摘 要

本文敘述了隸屬於鉤蛾科 (Drepanidae) 的新種 Leucoblepsis taiwanensis，並 與同屬之其他種類相比較，此種昆蟲分布於台灣各地。除形態上的差異外，本文亦利 用粒線體基因 cytochrome oxidase subunit I 的核酸序列作為種別比較之用。

114 台灣昆蟲第二十二卷第二期