Comprehensive-Test-2-Explanations.Pdf
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INSIGHT GEN.STUDIES & CSAT COMPREHENSIVE TEST – 2 (FULL MOCK TEST) 1. C Statement 1 is correct: Young Bengal Movement was launched during the late 1820s under the influence of a radical teacher Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. The Movement originated in the Hindu college, Calcutta where Derozio worked as an assistant headmaster and taught History. Derozio propounded the idea of free thinking. He urged his students to question everything around them which led to an intellectual revolution in Bengal. This is called the Young Bengal Movement. The patrons of the movement were called Derozians. Derozians questioned everything in the society including the religious norms, social morals. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Prarthana Samaj (also ‘Prayer Society’ in english) was founded in Maharashtra by Dr. Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 under the influence of Brahmo leader Keshab Chandra Sen. Later, Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade and historian Ramkrishna Bhandarkar also joined the Prarthana Samaj. Statement 3 is incorrect: Satyashodhak Samaj is a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, India, on 24 September 1873. Its purpose was to liberate the less privileged in society from exploitation and oppression. The membership was not confined to any particular caste or communities but it was kept open for all sections of society including Brahmins, Mangs and Mahars. In its starting even some of the members were Jews and Muslims. Thus, Option C is correct. 2. B Statement 1 is incorrect: The centenary of Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India is being marked this April. It was undertaken in the erstwhile undivided Champaran district in northern Bihar. He went there in April, 1917 on learning about the abuses suffered by the cultivators of the district, forced into growing indigo by British planters/estate owners. ‘The Champaran tenant was bound by law to plant three out of every twenty parts of his land with indigo for his landlord’. This system was called Tinkathia. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Champaran Inquiry Committee was announced with Gandhi as the member and not as the chairman of the committee. Statement 3 is correct: Gandhi arrived in Champaran 10 April 1917 with a team of eminent lawyers: Brajkishore Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha and others including J B Kriplani. Thus, Option B is correct. 3. C Statement 1 is correct: Tropical Cyclones are irregular wind movements involving closed circulation of air around a low pressure center. This closed air circulation (whirling motion) is a result of rapid upward movement of hot air which is subjected to Coriolis Force. Tropical cyclones do not form near the Equator (within 5 degrees latitude) because the Coriolis force is zero and air tends to flow straight into low pressure centers, so it feels up before the pressure can drop enough. Central Delhi: 60/17, Above Subway, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60 North Delhi: B-18, Satija House, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 09 Ph: 011 - 45090051, 9818333201, 9871216382 INSIGHT GEN.STUDIES & CSAT Statement 2 is correct: The horizontal winds near the Earth Surface respond to the combined effect of three forces – the Pressure Gradient Force, the Frictional Force and the Coriolis force. Pressure Gradient Force operates from the high pressure area to a low pressure area and causes wind movement. The wind direction follows the direction of change of pressure, i.e. perpendicular to the isobars. Due to the earth’s rotation, winds do not cross the isobars at right angles as the pressure gradient force directs, but get deflected from their original path. This deviation is the result of the earth’s rotation and is called the Coriolis Effect or Coriolis force. Due to this effect, winds in the northern hemisphere get deflected to the right of their path and those in the southern hemisphere to their left, following Farrell’s Law (the law that wind is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, derived from the application of the Coriolis effect to air masses). Statement 3 is incorrect: The formation of local winds is not dependent on the Coriolis force but the direction of local winds is dependent on Coriolis force. Thus, Option C is correct. 4. B Statement 1 is incorrect: The World Government Summit is an annual event held in Dubai, UAE. It brings together leaders in government for a global dialogue about governmental process and policies with a focus on the issues of futurism, technology and innovation, as well as other topics. Statement 2 is correct: The summit acts as a knowledge exchange hub between government officials, thought leaders, policy makers and private sector leaders, and as an analysis platform for the future trends, issues and opportunities facing humanity. Thus, Option B is correct. 5. A Mission Innovation (MI) is a global initiative of 22 countries and the European Union to dramatically accelerate global clean energy innovation. As part of the initiative, participating countries have committed to seek to double their government’s clean energy research and development (R&D) investments over five years while encouraging greater levels of private sector investment in transformative clean energy technologies. These additional resources will dramatically accelerate the availability of the advanced technologies that will define a future global energy mix that is clean, affordable, and reliable. Mission Innovation was announced on November 30, 2015, as world leaders came together in Paris to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change. Thus, Option A is correct. 6. B Statement 1 is incorrect: The Supreme Court in Rev Stanislaus vs Madhya Pradesh Case observed that the word ‘propagate’ has been used in Article 25(1) of the Indian Constitution but that does not give the right to convert another person to one's own religion, but to transmit or spread one's religion by an exposition of its tenets. The Bench also observed that while propagating religion was allowed, converting does not form part of fundamental Central Delhi: 60/17, Above Subway, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60 North Delhi: B-18, Satija House, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 09 Ph: 011 - 45090051, 9818333201, 9871216382 INSIGHT GEN.STUDIES & CSAT rights. What the Article grants is not the right to convert another person to one's own religion, but to transmit or spread one's religion by an exposition of its tenets. While the forced conversion is banned through this judgment, voluntary conversion is permitted to an individual under this right. Thus, convertibility of religion is not completely disallowed under this right. Statement 2 is correct: Article 25 mandates that subject to public order, morality and health, all persons enjoy the freedom of conscience and have the right to entertain any religious belief and propagate it. This means that Article 25 & 26 is not absolute. No person can do such religious things which affect the public order, morality and health. For example no one has right to conduct human sacrifice. Statement 3 is incorrect: The rights available under Freedom of Religion are available to all persons - citizens as well as non-citizens. Thus, Option B is correct. 7. B Chauth was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha raids. Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of ten percent on those lands which the Marathas claimed heredi•tary rights. Chauth and sardeshmukhi were the two instruments used by Shivaji to obtain treasure frame the enemy country he invaded. Thus, Option B is correct. 8. B Statement 1 is correct: The CAG is appointed by the President of India by a warrant under his hand and seal. He holds office for a period of six years or upto the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. Statement 2 is correct: He can be removed by the President on same grounds and in the same manner as a judge of the Supreme Court. In other words, he can be removed by the President on the basis of a resolution passed to that effect by both the Houses of Parliament with special majority, either on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. Statement 3 is correct: He is not eligible for further office, either under the Government of India or of any state, after he ceases to hold his office. Thus, Option B is correct. 9. A Statement 1 is correct: Article 139 of the Indian Constitution confer power on the Supreme Court to issue writs for issues other than Fundamental Rights. Statement 2 is correct: The writ jurisdictions of the Supreme Court and High Courts are original in nature but not exclusive. The high courts are also empowered to issue writs for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights. Also, the appellate jurisdiction powers are not excusive and neither original in nature. Thus, Option A is correct. Central Delhi: 60/17, Above Subway, Old Rajinder Nagar, Delhi - 60 North Delhi: B-18, Satija House, Main Road, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi - 09 Ph: 011 - 45090051, 9818333201, 9871216382 INSIGHT GEN.STUDIES & CSAT 10. D The Cool Temperate Western Margins are under the permanent influence of the Westerlies all round the year. They are also regions of much cyclonic activity, typical of Britain, and are thus said to experience the British type of climate. From Britain, the climatic belt stretches far inland into the lowlands of North-West Europe, including such regions as northern and western France, Belgium, the Nether•lands, Denmark, western Norway and also north•western Iberia. The climate of the maritime regions as a whole may be described as equable with moderately warm summers and fairly mild winters. The climate is ideal for maximum comfort and mental alertness. People can work for long hours without feeling drowsy and lethargic as they do in the tropics.