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Journal of Threatened Taxa PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note Occurrence and association of the Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus lanata Smith, 1819 (Fabaceae) forest in the Kumaon region of the Indian Himalaya Arun P. Singh & Tribhuwan Singh 26 February 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 3 | Pages: 15387–15390 DOI: 10.11609/jot.5467.12.3.15387-15390 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2020 | 12(3): 15387–15390 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5467.12.3.15387-15390 #5467 | Received 15 October 2019 | Final received 28 January 2020 | Finally accepted 03 February 2020 N o t Occurrence and associaton of the Scarce Lilacfork e Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus lanata Smith, 1819 (Fabaceae) forest in the Kumaon region of the Indian Himalaya Arun P. Singh 1 & Tribhuwan Singh 2 1,2 Entomology Branch, Forest Protecton Division, Forest Research Insttute (ICFRE), P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248006, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] The Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura (Marshall, 1882) Bhutan (Trashiyanstse; 1,500–3,000 m), Arunachal occurs as fve subspecies. The subspecies L.d. gammiei Pradesh, hilly forests of northeastern India (Khasi Hills), (Moore, [1892]) has a distributon extending from from 1,800–2,200 m with a fight period from April to Sikkim to Arunachal Pradesh including Bhutan and November (Evans 1932; Wynter-Blyth 1957; Sbordoni northeastern India with males being “not rare” while et al. 2015; Kehimkar 2016; van Gasse 2017) (Fig. 1). females being “very rare”; the nominate subspecies L.d. A specimen of L.d. gammiei from Sikkim (1 male) was dura (Marshall, 1882) occurs in northwestern Yunnan, collected by O.C. Ollenbach on 04.vii.1920 which is kept China (Huang 2003), Myanmar from Shan states up to at the Natonal Forest Insect Collecton (NFIC), Forest Dawnas and is “very rare”; while the third subspecies Research Insttute, Dehradun (Fig. 2 a&b). There are L.d. mansonia (Fruhstorfer, 1911) occurs in Myanmar but records of L.d. gammiei from Kalimpong in West Bengal, only in Dawnas as “very rare” (van Gasse 2017) and in western Sikkim, and Cherrapunjee in Meghalaya (htps:// northern Vietnam; the fourth subspecies moupiniensis www.ifoundbuterfies.org/). The larval food plant of the (Poujade, 1884) is known from western China; and the species is not yet known. D’Abrera (1985) (Figs. 3a,b), ffh subspecies neoclides Fruhstorfer, 1909 occurs in however, reports its occurrence from northwestern Taiwan (htp://fp.funet.f/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/ India, Sikkim, and Bhutan, but there are no site specifc lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/ records of L.d. gammiei from either Garhwal or Kumaon satyrinae/lethe/). Besides, there are records during regions of Utarakhand in western Himalaya (Mackinnon May from Karen Hills and Tenasserim region of Myanmar & de Nicéville 1899; Hannyngton 1910; Singh & Sondhi (Marshall & de Nicéville 1882; Talbot 1947). In the 2016; Sondhi & Kunte 2018) or in Nepal where its Himalaya, the subspecies L.d. gammiei is found in Sikkim congener, the Lilacfork L. sura Doubleday, 1850 is known (Teesta Valley at ~1,500m and from Gangtok to Dikchu), to occur (Smith 1989, 2006). The species is currently Editor: Sanjay Sondhi, Titli Trust, Dehradun, India. Date of publicaton: 26 February 2020 (online & print) Citaton: Singh, A.P. & T. Singh (2020). Occurrence and associaton of the Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus lanata Smith, 1819 (Fabaceae) forest in the Kumaon region of the Indian Himalaya. Journal of Threatened Taxa 12(3): 15387–15390. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.5467.12.3.15387-15390 Copyright: © Singh & Singh 2020. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: ICFRE, Dehradun. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: The current fndings are part of a ICFRE research project enttled “Buterfies associated with diferent forest types/sub-types in Utarakhand (FRI-627/FED-44; 2017-2021)” being carried out at the Forest Research Insttute, Dehradun. The authors are thankful for the assistance received from Rohit Kumar in the feld. 15387 J TT Occurrence and associaton of Scarce Lilacfork with Woolly-leaved Oak Singh & Singh Figure 1. The locaton of present records of the Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) from Utarakhand (Kumaon Himalaya) in relaton to past records of the species in other areas across the Himalaya, in northeastern Indian hills, and in Myanmar. Image 1. Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (male) from Sikkim (04.vii.1920) at NFIC at Forest Research Insttute, Dehradun, Utarakhand, India. Photo credit: Arun P. Singh. protected and is listed in Schedule I, Part IV, of the Indian males of L.d. gammiei were observed at Dharamghar Wildlife Protecton Act, 1972 (Anonymous 2006). forest area (Figs. 4a,b, 5; 29.8680N & 80.0070E; 1,989m; During the course of surveys in Utarakhand, two sub-type 12/C1a Ban Oak Quercus leucotrichophora 15388 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2020 | 12(3): 15387–15390 J TT Occurrence and associaton of Scarce Lilacfork with Woolly-leaved Oak Singh & Singh Figure 2. Locaton of the occurrence of the Scarce Lilacfork Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (Satyrinae) in Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus lanata Smith (Fabaceae) forest under sub-type 12/C1a Ban Oak Forest, in Dharamgarh in the Kumaon region of Utarakhand. Forest; 22oC; 76% RH at 09.25h on 16.ix.2019) in Alnus neplanesis, Rhododendron arboreum, Viburnum Pithoragarh District of Kumaon in Utarakhand. The sp. Strobilanthus sp., and Colquhounia sp. forest is dominated by Woolly-leaved Oak Quercus Our observatons suggest that in northeastern lanata Smith, 1819 (Riyanj) in pure patches (tree density Kumaon, this species seems to be associated with ~1500 trees/ha; GBH varying from 30–131 cm; mean Quercus lanata Smith (syn. Q. lanuginosa D.Don) which GBH of oak trees 67cm) and also with other associates has overlapping distributon extending from Kumaon in like Q. leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, Utarakhand eastwards to Arunachal Pradesh, through Myrica esculenta, and Aesculus indica. Three more Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, and extends into Myanmar; it individuals of L.d. gammiei were recorded near Shama grows gregariously in patches ofen associated with Village (29.9710N & 80.0460E; 2,039m; sub-type:12/ Ban Oak Q. leucotrichophora between 1,400–2,400 C1a Ban Oak Forest (Fig. 5); 26oC; 68% RH at 13.30h on m in western Himalaya. Q. lanata has glabrous leaves 18.ix.2019) in Bageshwar District, Utarakhand. The when mature (Brandis 1911; Osmaston 1927; Polunin forest being dense and dominated by Quercus lanata & Stainton 1989). The distributon of Q. lanata in the intermixed with other associates like Q. leucotrichophora, Kumaon region falls under the forest type 12/C1, lower Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 February 2020 | 12(3): 15387–15390 15389 J TT Occurrence and associaton of Scarce Lilacfork with Woolly-leaved Oak Singh & Singh Image 2. Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (male) from Himalaya (photographs of the concerned species depicted on the species page in the book by D’Abrera (1985). D’Abrera, B. (1985). Buterfies of the Oriental Region - Part II. Nymphalidae, Satyridae & Amathusiidae. Hill House, Victoria, Australia, 534pp. Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identfcaton of Indian Buterfies, 2nd Editon. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, x+454pp+32pl. Gasse, P.V. (2017). Annotated checklist of Buterfies of the Indo- Burmese region; htp://futers.org/home/docs/Buterfies_of_ India_Paul_Van_Gasse.pdf Hannyngton, F. (1910). The buterfies of Kumaon. Part I & Part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 20: 130–142; 361– 372. Kehimkar, I. (2016). The Book of Indian Buterfies. BNHS, Oxford University, Delhi Press, 497pp. Mackinnon, P.W. & L. de Nicéville (1899). List of buterfies of Mussoorie in the western Himalayas and neighbouring region. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 11: 205–221, 368– 389, 585–605. Marshall, G.F.L. & L. de Nicéville (1882). Buterfies of India, Burmah © Arun P. Singh and Ceylon. The Calcuta Central Press Co., 165pp. Image 3. Lethe dura gammiei (Moore, [1892]) (male) at Dharamgarh Osmaston, A.E. (1927). Forest Flora for Kumaon Govt. Press, United Forest (16.ix.2019; 1,989m), Pithoragarh District, Utarakhand, India Provinces, Allahabad, 526pp.
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