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SAĞLIK TARİHİ Ve MÜZECİLİĞİ SEMPOZYUMU 2

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SAĞLIK TARİHİ Ve MÜZECİLİĞİ SEMPOZYUMU 2 SAĞLIK TARİHİ ve MÜZECİLİĞİ SEMPOZYUMU 2 3-4 Haziran 2016 Zeytinburnu Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları Kitap No: 42 Yayın Koordinatörü Erdem Z. İskenderoğlu 2. SAĞLIK TARİHİ VE MÜZECİLİĞİ SEMPOZYUMU Editörler Ahmet Zeki İzgöer, Murat D. Çekin ISBN 978-975-2485-04-4 TC Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Sertifika No: 20640 1.Baskı İstanbul, Mayıs 2017 Tasarım Uygulama Ahmet Yumbul Baskı ve Cilt Seçil Ofset Matbaacılık Yüzyıl Mh. Matbaacılar Sitesi 4. Cadde No: 77 Bağcılar İstanbul Sertifika No: 12068 C Bütün hakları saklıdır. İÇİNDEKİLER Sunuş 07 Açılış Konuşması 09 Suriye’de Tarihî Türk Hastanelerini Ararken 11 Nil Sarı Hekimlik ve İstihbaratçılık Kıskacında Askerî Tıbbın Kurucusu Dr. Karl Ambrois Bernard’ın İstanbul Macerası 33 A. Sefa Özkaya Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane Binasının İnşasına ve Kavak İskelesindeki Yapıların Yıkımına Dair Belgeler 71 Zeynep Emel Ekim 20. Yüzyıl Başlarında Konya Amerikan Hastanesi ve Faaliyetleri 93 Berrin Okka Gülhane İslâm Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Müzesi Tıp Tarihi Koleksiyonu 103 Detlev Quintern Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi’nde Osmanlı Tıbbına Ait Belgeler ve Fonların Dağılımı 115 Ahmet Zeki İzgöer Süleymaniye Kitap Şifahanesinde Bir Şifa Kaynağı: Müfredât-ı Tıbbiye-i Musavvere 141 Gülüşan Şahin Cerrah Yetiştiren Bir Askeri Tıp Akademisi’nden Müzeye: Josephinum 173 Elif Gültekin İngiltere’deki Tıp Müzeleri: Thackray Medical Museum, Leeds 181 Salim Aydüz Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Eğitimi İçin Örnek Bir Kurum: Dr. Samuel D. Harris Ulusal Diş Hekimliği Müzesi 195 İlter Uzel Saint-Joseph Lisesi Tarihi Bitki Koleksiyonu 205 Murat Dinçer Çekin 17. Yüzyılda Yazılmış Değerli Bir Şifalı Bitkiler Kitabı 213 Hüsniye Koro Hatay Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkiler Müzesi 221 Hakan Ertin Hindistan’da İslâm Tıbbının Kültür Varlıkları 225 Mahmut Gürgan Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Bilimsel Yayıncılığında Övünçlerimizden Biri: Anadolu Kliniği (1933 – 1954), Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi (Ocak 2016 – ) 233 Hakan Ertin, İbrahim Yıldırım, M. Kemal Temel Pergamon (Bergama) Sikkelerinde Asklepios Kültü 241 M. İskender Targaç Osmanlı Saray Geleneğinde Şerbet ve Şerbet Kapları 275 Serkan Gedük Halûk Perk Müzesi Antik Çağdan Günümüze Biberon Koleksiyonu 293 Halûk Perk, Burcu Özdemir Hilâl-i Ahdar’dan Yeşilay’a Bağımlılıklarla Mücadele Sergisi 305 Murat D. Çekin, Halûk Perk, Burcu Özdemir Ahmet Yamaç Koleksiyonu Süheyl Ünver Yayınları Sergisinden Bize Yansıyanlar 311 Nil Sarı Süheyl Ünver’e Ressam Dostlarından Baki Kalan Eserler 313 Nil Sarı, Elif Sağdıç Hudut ve Sahiller Sağlık Genel Müdürlüğü Binasında Sergilenen Tıp Tarihi Materyali 349 Mahmut Tokaç İlk Türk Hemşiresi Safiye Hüseyin (Elbi) ve Hemşirelik Tarihi Fotoğrafları Koleksiyonu 359 Necmettin Özçelik Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Tarihi Müzesi’nde Açılan Sergiler 379 Fatma Sağlıcak Tolan 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumu SUNUŞ 17. Merkezefendi Geleneksel Tıp Festivali kapsamında gerçekleştirilen 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumuna ev sahipliği yapmaktan kıvanç duyuyoruz. Sempozyum bu yıl da özgün araştırmaların dile getirildiği bir zemin ola- cak. Konuya ilgi duyan ve değerli bilim insanlarımızın verimlerinden is- tifade etmek isteyen herkesin bu fırsatı değerlendireceğine inanıyorum. Zeytinburnu Belediyesi olarak, sempozyum bildirilerinin kitap haline gelmesini, bütün bu çabayı kalıcı kılması açısından önemsiyor ve kültür yayıncılığı politikamızın bir parçası olarak görüyoruz. Sempozyumun düzenlenmesi konusunda emeği geçen herkese ve değerli katılımcılara teşekkür ediyorum. Murat Aydın Zeytinburnu Belediye Başkanı 7 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumu Açılış Konuşması Sağlık Müzeciliği ve Tarihi Derneği ile Zeytinburnu Belediyesi’nin el ele ver- diği ikinci sempozyumumuzu gerçekleştirmekten mutluluk duyuyoruz. Derne- ğimizin amacı doğrultusunda yine hem akademik camiaya, hem de koleksiyon- culara kapımızı açtık. Geçmişin temsilcisi tarihi sağlık kurumları ve binaları; kadim tıp bilgilerini gü- nümüze taşıyan el yazmaları; tıp tarihine geçen hekim, eczacı, hastabakıcı ve diğer sağlık mensuplarından günümüze kalan yadigârlar, belgeler, fotoğraflar sempozyumumuzda anılıyor ve tanıtılıyor. Araştırmacılara hizmet veren arşiv ve kütüphaneleri, bu kurumlarda korunan tıp tarihi kanıtlarını ve nadir eserleri uzmanlarından öğreniyoruz. Müzeciliğin çok yavaş geliştiği ülkemizde insanlarımızın sağlık müzeleri konu- sunda bilgilenmesi ve bilinçlenmesi amacıyla yurtiçinde ve yurtdışında bulunan tıp, eczacılık, diş hekimliği, hemşirelik tarihiyle ilgili koleksiyon ve müzelerin tanıtımına önem veriyoruz. Eskiden olup bitenlere ışık tutan, bir zamanların mo- dern, günümüzün eskimiş tıp objeleri, fotoğraflar, belgeler, özel ve resmi sağlık kurumlarının, tıp cemiyetlerinin dünden bugüne seyrine şahit olmamıza, geç- mişe uzanabilmemize imkân tanıyor. Antik dönemden çağımıza dek gelebilen somut ve gerçek nesnelerin ne denli değerli olduğunu hep birlikte kavrıyoruz. Sempozyumumuzun açılışında, tıp tarihi müze ve kütüphanelerine her fırsatta bağışta bulunan sayın Prof. Dr. Hüsrev Hatemi’ye teşekkür belgesi takdim et- mekten kıvanç duyuyoruz. Ülkemizde tıp tarihçiliğinin kurucusu olan Ord. Prof. Dr. Süheyl Ünver’in 30. ölüm yılı münasebetiyle sempozyumda özel bir oturum tertiplendi. Ayrıca Ah- met Yamaç Bey’in toplamış olduğu bin adedin üstünde Süheyl Ünver yayını sergileniyor. Sayın Halûk Perk’in Yeşilay koleksiyonu sergisinin gezilmesi ve Edirne Sultan II. Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık Müzesi gezisi sempozyum programına dâhil edildi. Sağlık Müzeciliği ve Tarihi Sempozyumları dost kişi ve kurumların desteğiyle mümkün olabilmektedir. Geçen yıl olduğu gibi bu yıl da sayın Dr. Murat Çekin ve Zeytinburnu Belediye Başkanı sayın Murat Aydın maddi ve manevi destek sağladılar. Kendilerine saygılarımızı ve teşekkürlerimizi sunarız. Prof. Dr. Nil Sarı Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Derneği Başkanı 9 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumu SURİYE’DE TARİHÎ TÜRK HASTANELERİNİ ARARKEN Nil Sarı1 Suriye’yi gezip görme imkânımız doğduğunda bir zamanlar sahip olduğumuz topraklarda bıraktığımız izleri aramak, sağlık tarihimizi ilgilendiren yapıları görmek arzumuz olmuştu. Ne var ki, tarihî hastane binaları turistik mekânlar olarak benimsenmediğinden, ne kadar ihtişamlı olsalar da yerlerini tespit et- mek güçtür. Hele de bu yapılarla ilgili araştırmalar yapılmamışsa, fotoğrafları elinizde yoksa size o bölgede yaşayanların yol göstermesini beklemekten baş- ka çare kalmaz. Ama eğer bölge halkı da bilgisiz, ilgisiz ya da taraflı ise, size yardım eden olmayacaktır. İşte Suriye’de tarihî Türk hastanelerini ararken bu- lamadıklarım -belki de yanından geçip bilemediklerim- görüp fotoğrafladıkla- rımdan çok daha fazladır. Bu binaların çoğunun girişinde kuruluşlarıyla ilgili bilgiler verilmediği gibi, başka amaçlarla kullanıldıklarından hastane binası olduklarını anlamak neredeyse imkânsızdır. Bu bilgilerin Suriye Savaşı sonra- sında konuyla ilgileneceklere rehber olacağını ümit ediyorum. Ortaçağ Hastaneleri 12-14. yüzyıllarda Ortaçağın önde gelen hastaneleri Büyük Selçuklu ve Memlûklu dönemlerinde inşa edildi. Bu zengin hayır kurumlarının başlıca önceliği fakirlere ve kimsesizlere hizmet etmekti. Selçukluların 1055 tari- hinden itibaren Nişabur, Gazne, Bağdat, Şiraz, Berdesîr, Kaşan, Ebher, Zen- can, Gence, Harran ve Mardin’de kurduğu bimaristanların ortadan kalktığı bildirilmektedir.2 Bu bağlamda, günümüze ulaşabilen en eski Selçuk hasta- nelerinin Şam ve Halep’te yer alması ayrıca önem taşır. 1 Prof. Dr., İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Tarihi ve Etik Anabilim Dalı, hnilsari@ gmail.com 2 Arslan Terzioğlu, “Bimaristan”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 6, 1992, s. 163 – 178; bk. s. 167. 11 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumu Bu makalede ele alınan ve günümüzde yakılıp yıkılan Suriye’nin Şam ve Halep şehirlerinde bulunan hastaneler Türk hükümdarlar tarafından ku- rulmuştur. Bunlardan, Suriye Selçuklu hükümdarı Dukak b. Tutuş’un (ölm. 1104) Şam’ın Bâbülberîd kesiminde tesis ettiği bimaristan hakkında bilgimiz pek azdır. Nureddin Zengî bimaristanı yapıldıktan sonra Dukak b. Tutuş’un kurduğu hastanenin “bimaristan el sagir” olarak tanınmaya başladığı kayde- dilir.3 Suriye topraklarında bulunan Zengi, Kaymeri ve Ergun Kâmil bima- ristanları hakkında ise bilgilere ve fotoğraflara sahibiz. Nureddin Mahmud Zengi Bimaristanları Büyük Selçukluların Halep ve Şam Atabeyi olan Nureddin Mahmud Zengi’nin (ölm. 1174) 1148-55 tarihlerinde Halep’te ve 1154 senesinde Şam’da yaptırdığı El-Bimaristânü’n-Nûrî Hastaneleri kendi adıyla anılır. Halep’te kurulan Nureddin Mahmud Zengi Bimaristanı depremlerle yıkıl- dığından birçok kere onarılmıştır. Hastanenin sadece kapısı ve bir kısım taş duvarı günümüze kalabilmiştir. Halep’te Nureddin Mahmud Zengi Bimaristanı 3 Ahmed Ragab, The Medieval Islamic Hospital Medicine Religion and Charity. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, s. 52. Ahmed Issa Bey, Histoire des Bimaristans (Hopitaux) à I’Epoque Islami- que, Cairo 1929; Arslan Terzioğlu, “Bimaristan”, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, c. 6, 1992, s. 163 – 178; bk. s. 169. Françoise Micheau, “The scientific institutions in the medieval Near East.” Ensyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 3 Volume Set, Ed. Roshdi Rashed, New York 2000, s. 955. 12 2. Sağlık Tarihi ve Müzeciliği Sempozyumu 1154 tarihinde Şam’ın merkezinde kurulan Nureddin Mahmud Zengi Bi- maristanı ise günümüze kadar özgün biçimiyle gelebilen en eski Selçuklu hastanesidir. Bimarhanenin bir kitabesinde, banisinin ismi, “Ebu el-Kasım Mahmud ibn Zengi ibn Aksungur” olarak yazılıdır.4 Zengi Bimaristanı Şam Emevi Camii’nin güney batısındadır. Binanın beze- meli taç
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