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(Pop. 1911, 4). a Tiny, Abandoned Fishing Community, Zealot Was Located on the Great Northern Peninsula, Near the Souther

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(Pop. 1911, 4). a Tiny, Abandoned Fishing Community, Zealot Was Located on the Great Northern Peninsula, Near the Souther ZOAR 647 ZEALOT (pop. 1911, 4). A tiny, abandoned fishing 1925. Production began at the Buchans qv mine in community, Zealot was located on the Great Northern 192 7 through an agreement between ASARCO and the Peninsula, near the southern headland of Hare Bay, Anglo-Newfoundland Development Co. Initially the just inside the Fishot Islands qv. On modern maps Buchans operation was an open-pit mine. Zinc con­ Zealot appears as Great Islets Harbour. The unusual centrate was shipped to Belgium and Britain in the name may be simply a corruption of" islet", but it has 1930s, but only to Britain by 1940. During World War been in use since at least 1802 (when three ships and II a significant amount of zinc concentrate began to be 100 men from Granville were recorded at the station). exported to the United States, but prices tended to Zealot was apparently no longer being used by French fluctuate. Exports ranged between 28,002 tons in 1953 fishermen by the 1870s. The few English families at to 38,982 tons in 1964. The Buchans zinc mine closed Zealot were likely descendants of James Davis, gar­ in 1983 when the ore body was exhausted. dien of the French premises from 1839. After the Zinc deposits were known to exist near Daniel's French abandoned the harbour it was used by migra­ Harbour qv in the 1960s, but it was not until the 1970s tory fishermen from Conception Bay and Fogo Island, that the presence of commercial reserves was con­ and a few of these may have settled as well. Zealot first firmed. Newfoundland Zinc Mines Ltd. opened in appears in the Census in 1874 with a population of 19, 1975 as a joint venture of AMAX Zinc and the Van­ the highest ever recorded. There were only 11 people couver-based Teck Corporation. Like the Buchans in 1891 -likely the families of John Fitzgerald, John mine, it began as an open-pit mine but soon developed Davis and Patrick Davis. The last time that the com­ into an underground operation. The ore was shipped munity appeared in the Census, in 1911, its name was largely to Noranda, Quebec, but also to other parts of rendered as "Sealet", which more closely approxi­ Canada and the United States. Limestone tailings from mates the local pronunciation than either Zealot or the mine were used experimentally by west coast Islet. Wilbert Bromley (interview, May 1993), H.A. farmers in soil preparation. Newfoundland Zinc Mines Innis (1954), Census (1874-1911), McAlpine's New­ closed for a period but reopened in 1987 following foundland Directory ( 1894). RHC increased market demand for zinc. After two years the operation was again shut down when the ore deposit ZENO, NICOLO. (c.l326-c.l402). Purported ex­ was judged to be exhausted. See MINERALS; MIN­ plorer. Nicolo and Antonio Zeno were Venetian broth­ ING. Derek Yetman (1974), Historical Statistics of ers reputed to have sailed the north Atlantic in about Newfoundland and Labrador (1970), Rounder (June 1380. Supporting evidence consists solely of a book 1978), Smallwood Files (Minerals). ACB published in Venice in 1558 by a member of the Zeno family. The narrative, which describes a voyage to ZOAR (pop. 1945, 4). An abandoned community on the several islands in the north Atlantic in service of a Labrador north coast, Zoar was located approximately local potentate, is considered by most historians to be 50 km southeast ofNain. From 1865 to the early 1890s a fabrication. The accompanying map with its mythical it was the site of a Moravian mission station, intended islands and place names was, however, accepted as to be a gathering point for the settlers qv of the north genuine for more than 100 years after publication. The coast. Zeno map was based on the fourteenth century map of In the mid-1800s there were several settler families Claudius Clavus and the 1537 map of Olaus Magnus. (of mixed Inuit and European blood) at scattered sites Its inaccuracies misled many early mariners and geo­ between Nain and Hopedale, most of whom were at graphers, and may well have been a contributing factor least nominally communicants of the Moravian in the search for a northwest passage. DCB I. ACB Church. The mission had a long-standing policy of encouraging the Inuit to congregate at its stations, and ZINC. Zinc is a white, metallic element which occurs naturally in the form of zinc blende. It is often associ­ ated with metals such as copper and lead, and some­ times with precious metals. Zinc is a base metal used as a component of brass, in galvanizing sheet iron, in printing plates and in electric batteries. Various com­ pounds containing zinc may be used as white pigment, as a flux in manufacturing or to make a corrosive cleanser. There have been two relatively large-scale mining operations in Newfoundland. A large ore body containing lead, zinc and copper was located on the Buchans River as early as 1905. Efforts to mine the ore were made between 1906 and 1911, but techniques of the time made full-scale pro­ duction uneconomical. H.A. Guess, an executive of the American Smelting and Refining Co. (ASARCO), continued to test methods of production until the oper­ Betty Ford at Zoar c. /945 ation was judged to be potentially profitable about 648 ZOAR hoped to be able to provide more services to the set­ qv, in 1896. Thereafter Zoar remained home to one or tlers by establishing Zoar. By 1884 the Zoar mission two settler families, notably a branch of the Ford fam­ was recording a population of 139, although it seems ily of Ford's Harbour qv. Residents in the 1940s in­ likely that most of those enumerated continued to live cluded Mary Ford and her grandson George, who left at scattered homesteads between Voiseys Bay and Jack in about 1950 for Happy Valley. Since that time Zoar Lane's (Big) Bay qqv. The effort to centralize the has been a minor hunting and fishing station of Nain. population was not considered successful, and eventu­ P. W. Browne ( 1909), Census (1884-1945), List of ally it was decided to close the Zoar mission. A new Electors ( 1948), Our Footprints Are Everywhere settler mission was begun to the south, at Makkovik (1977). RHC ILLUSTRATIONS 649 Illustrations In selecting illustrations for Volume V of the Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, the staff once again had the advantage of access to Mr. Smallwood's collection of photographs. We are also indebted to Harry Cuff for access to photographs collected in more than 25 years as editor of the Newfoundland Quarterly and to the Newfoundland Quarterly Foundation for permission to reproduce material from the Quarterly. Once again, Ann Devlin-Fischer of the Still and Moving Images Collection of the Provincial Archives of Newfound­ land and Labrador proved of invaluable assistance, while Provincial Archivist David Davis allowed her the flexibility to be of greatest assistance to the project. Joan Ritcey of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies and Bert Riggs of the Centre for Newfoundland Studies Archive also went "beyond the call of duty" in their efforts to see the Encyclopedia to its conclusion. Doris Saunders of Them Days was also a great supporter, and helped select many of the Labrador images for Volume V. We should also like to acknowledge vital contributions by Keith Newman; Paul Kenney; Memorial University Photographic Services; A. Glen Ryan; Manfred Buchheit; Brian Bursey; the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans; and the provincial departments of Environment and Lands, and Tourism and Culture. SABLE ISLAND. Courtesy Doreen Cuff. ST. CAROL'S. Robert Cuff photo. Trudy Eveleigh photo. SAFE HARBOUR.Provincial Archives ST. CHAOS. Robert Cuff photo. Loading a ship at St. Lawrence. J.R. of Newfoundland and Labrador (A 15- ST. DAVID'S. Robert Cuff photo. Smallwood collection. 111 ). ST. FINTAN'S. Robert Cuff photo. ST. LUNAIRE-GRIQUET. Provincial SAGLEK BAY. The mouth ofSaglek Bay. Archives of Newfoundland and Labra­ ST. FRANCIS HARBOUR. Harry Cuff dor (AI6-24). Derek Wilton. Publications. Helicopters on the runway at Saglek. ST. MARY'S. Leslie Cuff photo. ST. GEORGE'S. Provincial Archives of Brian C. Bursey photo. Newfoundland and Labrador (A 16-18). ST. MARY'S BAY. Gaskiers and Point SAGONA. National Air Photo Library. La Haye. Leslie Cuff photo. ST. GEORGE'S BAY. Sandy Point, look­ This aerial photograph copyright 1951 Map. Keith Newman. ing towards St. Georges. Robert Cuff Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Can­ Coline/. Courtesy Newfoundland Quar­ photo. ada, reproduced from the collection of terly Foundation. Map. Keith Newman. the National Air Photo Library with per­ St. Josephs. Leslie Cuff photo. The north side ofSt. Georges Bay, mission of Energy, Mines andRe­ near Campbell Creek. Robert Cuff ST. MICHAEL'S. Provincial Archives of sources Canada. photo. Newfoundland and Labrador (A22- SAINSBURY, RHODA. J.R. Smallwood 129). SAINT, JABEZ. From Lench's History collection. of Methodism in Bona vista. ST. PATRICK'S. G. Paul Rideout photo. ST. ALBAN'S. St. Albans. Robert Cuff ST. JACQUES-COOMB'S COVE. Map. ST. PATRICK'S HALL SCHOOL. Pro­ photo. vincial Archives of Newfoundland and Roman Catholic church at St. Albans. Keith Newman. St. Jacques. CNS Archive (coll-137 Labrador (C23-28). Brian C. Bursey photo. #701). ST. PAUL'S. Robert Cuff photo. ST. ANDREW'S. Robert Cuff photo. Boxey. G. Paul Rideout photo. ST. PHILLIPS. Provincial Archives of ST. ANTHONY. Looking out St. Anthony ST. JOHN, WILLIAM C. CNS Archive. Newfoundland and Labrador (B 12-28). Harbour. J.R. Smallwood collection. ST. JOHN'S. St. Johns Harbour. Harry ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON. Map. The Charles S.
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