AN ANALYSIS OF ’S CULTURE SHOCKS

IN THE MOVIE “SEVEN YEARS IN ”

PUBLICATION PAPER

BY:

DIEN RATNA BUDIATI

07360225

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

OCTOBER 2013

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bismillahirrohmanirrohim

Alhamdulillah, the greatest thanks belongs to Allah SWT for giving health and blessing, the researcher can finish this thesis. Sholawat is also presented to the beloved prophet Muhammad SAW for bringing brightness.

There are many persons who involved in the processing of completing this thesis.

Therefore, she would like to express her attitude to the following persons:

1. Her advisor, Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si as her first advisor and Dr. Mas’udi, M.Ed as

her second advisor, who has provided guidance and patience in completing this thesis.

2. Her beloved parents, Kamtur Sulaiman and Asmainah who always give advice and

pray. Her lovely sister and brother, Galuh Ema Wijayanti and Arif Trifah Reza.

Special gratitude also delivered to her beloved Johan Wahyudi, who always caring

and helping.

3. Thanks to Denis, Mbak Cicik, Putri, Mia, Ratih, Sandra, Luli, Mbak Ira, Galuh, Bang

Roni, Bapak Supriyadi, M.Pd, Bapak Dr. Arif Budi Wurianto, M.Si, BAA team, and

all of whose name cannot be mentioned one by one. Special thanks also delivered to

her lovely family in Katamati and Cremona for the supporting and caring.

Malang, 28 October 2013

The Researcher,

Dien Ratna Budiati

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ...... i

LEGALIZATION ...... ii

MOTTO ...... iii

ABSTRACT ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study ...... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ...... 5 1.3 Purpose of the Study ...... 5 1.4 Significance of the Study ...... 6 1.5 Scope and Limitation ...... 6 1.6 Definition of Key Terms ...... 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Culture ...... 8 2.2 Elements of Culture ...... 11 2.2.1 Religion or Belief ...... 11

2.2.2 Social System or Organization ...... 13

2.2.3 Knowledge ...... 14

2.2.3.1 Experience ...... 14 2.2.3.2 Authority ...... 14

2.2.3.3 Deductive Reasoning ...... 15

2.2.3.4 Inductive Reasoning ...... 15

2.2.3.5 The Scientific Approach ...... 16

2.2.4 Language ...... 17

2.2.5 Art ...... 19

2.2.6 Economic System ...... 19

2.2.7 Technology ...... 20

2.3 Culture Shock ...... 21

2.4 Culture Shock Process ...... 22 2.4.1 The Honeymoon Stage...... 22

2.4.2 The Distress Stage ...... 22

2.4.3 Re-integration Stage ...... 22

2.4.4 Autonomy Stage ...... 23

2.4.5 Independent Stage ...... 23

2.5 Elements Contributing Culture Shock ...... 23

2.6 The Effects of Culture Shock ...... 25

2.7 Solving Culture Shock ...... 26

2.8 Movie or Film ...... 28

2.9 Tibet ...... 29

2.9.1 Tibetan Religion ...... 30

2.9.2 Tibetan Language ...... 32

2.9.3 Tibetan Food ...... 35 2.9.4 Sky Burial ...... 37

2.9.5 Tibetan Etiquettes and Taboos ...... 40

2.9.6 ...... 42

2.9.7 Tibetan Arts ...... 47

2.9.8 Tibetan Government ...... 50

2.9.9 The 14th ...... 52

2.10 ...... 53

2.10.1 Language ...... 54

2.10.2 Religion ...... 54

2.10.3 General Attitudes ...... 54

2.10.4 People Appearance ...... 55

2.10.5 Greetings ...... 55

2.10.6 Gestures ...... 55

2.10.7 Visiting ...... 55

2.10.8 Eating ...... 56

2.10.9 Family ...... 56

2.10.10 Dating and Marriage ...... 57

2.10.11 Diet...... 57

2.10.12 Austrian Home ...... 58

2.10.13 Conservatism ...... 58

2.10.14 Relationship and Communication ...... 59

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ...... 60

3.2 Approach ...... 61

3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ...... 61

3.2.2 Pragmatic Approach ...... 61

3.2.3 Expressive Approach ...... 62

3.2.4 Objective Approach ...... 62

3.3 Object of the Study ...... 63

3.4 Data Collection ...... 63

3.6 Data Analysis ...... 64

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Finding ...... 65

4.1.1The Cultural Shocks Faced By Heinrich Harrer ...... 65

4.1.1.1Belief Shock ...... 65

4.1.1.2 Language Shock ...... 74

4.1.1.3 Knowledge Shock...... 74

4.1.1.4 Social System Shock ...... 76

4.1.1.5 Different Cuisine ...... 80

4.1.2 The Effects of Heinrich Harrer’s Cultural Shocks Toward

Himself ...... 81

4.1.2.1 Spiritual ...... 81

4.1.2.2 Principle of Life...... 83

4.1.2.3 Art ...... 85 4.1.2.4 Custom...... 87

4.1.2.5 Relationship ...... 88

4.1.3 The Ways of Heinrich Harrer to Solve His Cultural Shocks ...... 91

4.1.3.1 Solving Belief Shocks ...... 91

4.1.3.2 Solving Language Shock ...... 93

4.2 Discussion ...... 94

4.3 Lesson ...... 96

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ...... 98

5.2 Suggestion ...... 99

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

APPENDIX THE SYNOPSIS OF “SEVEN YEARS IN TIBET” MOVIE

Seven Years in Tibet is a 1997 movie based on book Seven Years in Tibet written by

Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer on his experiences in Tibet between 1944 until 1951 during the Second World War and the Chinese People’s Liberation Army’s invasion of Tibet in 1950. The movie was directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud. The cast of the movie are; Brad

Pitt as Heinrich Harrer, as , B. D. Wong as Ngawang

Jigme, Mako as Kungo , Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė as Ingrid Harrer, Jamyang Jamtsho

Wangchuk as young The and as Pema Lhaki.

Heinrich Harrer () and his pregnant wife Ingrid (Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė) are being driven to the train station in , for Harrer’s departure on the expedition to the

Himalayas.

The biggest avalanche comes at August 4th, 1939. Peter Ausfschnaiter (David

Thewlis) as the leader order going down as a team. Not for Heinrich Harrer. He insists taking up the journey until reached the summit. Everybody in a team disagree with him. On reaching the base, they learned that Britain has declared war on , so they are arrested by

British Indian authorities and taken by truck to Dehra Dun prison camp.

In Dehra Dun prison camp, Harrer accepted a letter following a divorce paper from

Ingrid. The marriage seemed not his purpose yet until those letters comes, that is, the start of his losing experienced, a chance to know his son, Rolf.

One month later, finally Harrer escaped from prison camp with the other friends including

Aufschnaiter.

As usual, Harrer prefer travelled on his own, separated from the other. In Northern

India, Aufschnaiter met with Harrer while the rest of the group has been recaptured. Together they cross the border into Tibet-The Roof of the World. Tibet is the highest country on earth and the most isolated. Not a chance for foreigner in Forbidden City of (capital city of Tibet). But after some heroic experienced, finally they arrived in Tibet. In fact, they lived in Lhasa as guests in Kungo Tsarong’s house.

For a long time Harrer survived and lived in a strange country until the war of

German was ended. But then he decided not coming back to Austria after he received the letter from his son. Harrer was regret and hopeless because of the rejection of his son.

Meanwhile Harrer sad in his loneliness, the young The 14th Dalai Lama asked him to come to the . The 14th Dalai Lama interested learns from Harrer any knowledge outside of Tibet, particularly western culture.

At the time when China proclaimed the People’s Liberation Army invaded Tibet,

Harrer and also Ausfschnaiter stand to fight for Tibet. At last, the kind of friendship brings some reflection for Harrer. The young the 14th Dalai Lama shared wisdom of life that he never knows before. While seven years lived in Tibet teaches Harrer the value of great simplicity in life.

APPENDIX THE SUBTITLE OF “SEVEN YEARS IN TIBET” MOVIE

The Subtitle The Scene

101 00:16:41,934 --> 00:16:45,062 Dalai Lama photo. Good protection. 102 00:16:45,137 --> 00:16:48,004 Take it, Si Hib. It will protect you. Heinrich Harrer met the old men who 103 00:16:48,073 --> 00:16:51,440 insisted him take the photo of the 14th No, that means nothing to me. 104 Dalai Lama. 00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:54,138 Dalai Lama. Dalai Lama photo. 105 00:16:54,213 --> 00:16:55,976 Si Hib, take it. 106 00:16:56,048 --> 00:16:57,982 Good protection for you. 237 00:35:52,016 --> 00:35:53,244 Yes. 238 00:35:53,317 --> 00:35:56,286 Just smile and say yes. It's better that way. 239 00:35:59,891 --> 00:36:02,086 It's amazing what you learn in prison, isn't it? Heinrich Harrer didn’t understand 240 00:36:11,969 --> 00:36:13,527 Tibetan language. Tibet. 241 00:36:16,240 --> 00:36:18,834 - No foreigners allowed in Tibet. - Oh, please!

242 00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:20,434 No foreigner! 243 00:36:20,511 --> 00:36:22,502 Oh, please! 244 00:36:29,654 --> 00:36:32,817 Yes. Thank you. Of course. 245 00:37:00,384 --> 00:37:02,352 No translation needed. 246 00:37:33,918 --> 00:37:36,216 Some people are glad to see us. Heinrich Harrer thought Tibetans clap 247 00:37:36,287 --> 00:37:38,585 hands because glad met him. Don't let it get to your head. 248 00:37:38,656 --> 00:37:42,786 When the Tibetans clap hands, it means they are driving out evil forces. 605 01:21:08,296 --> 01:21:09,524 Worms. 606 01:21:09,598 --> 01:21:12,089 Please, no more hurting worms. 607 01:21:12,167 --> 01:21:14,294 - Please. Heinrich Harrer got shock when Jam - Worms? 608 Yang said worms is their mother. 01:21:14,369 --> 01:21:19,432 In a past life, this innocent worm could have been your mother. 609 01:21:19,507 --> 01:21:21,441 Please, no more hurting. 610 01:21:21,509 --> 01:21:24,444 It's impossible. Please, no more. 611 01:21:26,414 --> 01:21:28,780 But you see, Tibetans believe... 612 01:21:28,850 --> 01:21:32,342 all living creatures were their mothers in a past life. 613 01:21:32,420 --> 01:21:36,823 So we must show them respect and repay their kindness. 614 01:21:36,892 --> 01:21:40,760 And never, never harm anything that lives. 615 01:21:40,829 --> 01:21:44,265 You can't ask a devout people to disregard a precious teaching. 616 01:21:44,332 --> 01:21:46,266 Yes, but Your Holiness... 617 01:21:48,770 --> 01:21:52,501 with true respect, we can't possibly... 618 01:21:54,910 --> 01:21:57,640 I'm sorry, but we can't possibly rescue all the worms... 619 01:21:57,712 --> 01:22:00,545 not if you want a theater finished in this lifetime. 620 01:22:00,615 --> 01:22:03,880 You have a clever mind. Think of a solution. 565 01:15:21,316 --> 01:15:25,047 Do you know the rules of protocol concerning my son? 566 01:15:26,989 --> 01:15:32,052 Not exact... I know one bows and performs prostrations. 567 01:15:33,629 --> 01:15:36,097 When you are in the presence Heinrich Harrer didn’t understand the of His Holiness... 568 rules of protocol concerning the 14th 01:15:36,164 --> 01:15:38,462 you must always be standing... Dalai Lama. 569 01:15:38,534 --> 01:15:42,470 bent in obeisance, hands folded in supplication. 570 01:15:42,538 --> 01:15:46,565 If seated, you must always be seated lower than he. 571 01:15:46,642 --> 01:15:50,601 Never look him in the eye. Never speak before he does. 572 01:15:50,679 --> 01:15:53,739 Always refer to him as "Your Holiness." 573 01:15:53,815 --> 01:15:57,842 Never turn your back to him. And never, never touch him. 584 01:18:53,662 --> 01:18:54,856 Yellow head. 585 Heinrich Harrer asking the 14th Dalai 01:19:04,706 --> 01:19:07,231 You have hair on your arms too? Lama a privacy question. And legs? 586 01:19:17,586 --> 01:19:19,611 - How about you? - Mr. Harrer. 673 01:28:12,053 --> 01:28:14,851 Do you listen to news from your country? 674 01:28:14,922 --> 01:28:18,949 From Austria? No, not really. 676 01:28:21,062 --> 01:28:24,725 - Why? It's your home. - Not anymore it isn't. 677 Heinrich Harrer looks uncomforted 01:28:24,799 --> 01:28:27,427 But don't you have because the 14th Dalai Lama asked him a friends and family there? 678 personal questions. 01:28:27,502 --> 01:28:30,130 A few friends, no family. 680 01:28:36,344 --> 01:28:38,574 Why? Is everyone dead? 681 01:28:41,049 --> 01:28:44,450 Do you know there's another sentence construction aside from the question? 682 01:28:47,422 --> 01:28:49,754 I was married, but I'm divorced. 928 02:04:41,941 --> 02:04:44,774 Butter tea. It was never my cup of tea. 929 02:04:48,247 --> 02:04:52,343 Heinrich Harrer dislike the taste of butter - One was enough. - Yes, we must follow the custom. tea. 930 02:04:52,418 --> 02:04:57,219 A fresh cup of tea is poured for the loved one departing. 931 02:05:02,094 --> 02:05:06,360 It sits untouched.

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