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FRA 2000 Main Report ISSN 0258-6150 FAO Global Forest Resources FORESTRY PAPER Assessment 2000 140 Main report Global Regional Country Forest plantations Management Non-wood forest products Boreal Temperate / Subtropical Tropical The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2001 Foreword iii Foreword Humanity stands at a crucial point in its development. Never before have the Earth’s ecosystems been so greatly affected by our presence. Large areas of the world’s forests, which have served in the subsistence and advancement of humankind, have been converted to other uses or severely degraded. While substantial areas of productive forest remain, there is now widespread recognition that the resource is not infinite, and that its wise and sustainable use is needed for our survival. Forests are also increasingly appreciated for their aesthetic, recreational and spiritual values, which frequently conflict with purely economic objectives. From the vantage point of the new millennium, we have the opportunity to reflect on the current condition of our planet’s resources and to look carefully at the events contributing to the present situation. The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FRA 2000) provides such a perspective on the world’s forests through an appraisal of their state in the year 2000, and changes since the 1980s. The assessment is a key source of factual information on forests for use by national institutions and international fora such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention to Combat Desertification in seeking solutions to environmental concerns. FRA 2000 was the most comprehensive and technologically advanced assessment in FAO’s 50-year history. It relied on the active participation of partners and member countries around the world. The thematic content is broader than ever before, covering forest area status and change, biological diversity, timber volume and forest biomass, non-wood forest products, trees outside the forest, forest fires and other topical issues. For the first time, comparable trend information on tropical deforestation from two successive assessment periods has been obtained through the use of statistical sampling and satellite remote sensing. The assessment employed state-of-the-art information management systems, Internet technology and geographic information systems. One tangible benefit from their use has been the ability of FAO to release a large body of information to the general public as soon as it became available. In fact, more information is now available on the FAO Web site than could conceivably be published in the main report. But the assessment was not driven by technology. Instead, the technology was applied selectively as a complement to more conventional data gathering means. FAO considers FRA 2000 a major achievement. However, its ultimate value will be determined by its ability to motivate the world community to take firm actions that result in the wise and sustainable use of our world’s forests. Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management provide guidance to forest users and managers on what needs to be accomplished. Yet the practical implementation of these principles must be worked out by a relatively diverse group of stakeholders, with different motivations, aspirations and needs. Therefore it is essential that decision-makers be fully involved in the process and exercise leadership in seeking solutions. Their decisions in the coming years will be difficult and the consequences far-reaching. Preface v Preface The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 The mandate for FRA 2000 was established (FRA 2000) was the most comprehensive since by the FAO Committee on Forestry (COFO) and FAO first reported on forest resources 50 years the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests (IPF). At ago. the request of both bodies, efforts were made to There are two possible approaches to a global broaden the parameters included in the assessment of forest resources. One approach is to assessment to provide a comprehensive view collect data at the field level and to aggregate of a broad range of forest resources. information upward to the country, regional and FRA 2000 thus compiled and analysed a wide global levels. The other approach is to look down range of information about the extent, from above, either literally by using satellite composition, protection and utilization of forests remote sensing, or figuratively through global for each country. Special attention was given to studies. FRA 2000 was based on the bottom-up estimating the rate of change of forest resources approach, but supplemented by global level and to documenting the factors implicated in these verification. The backbone of FRA 2000 is the changes. The assessment also included an data, information and knowledge provided by independent pan-tropical remote sensing survey countries. However, because of inconsistencies in of forest cover change. A set of global maps of data quality and availability, country information forest cover and ecological zones was prepared was verified and supplemented with “top down” using the remote sensing data. The world’s forests studies and remote sensing analysis using the were classified into 20 ecological zones, subsets latest technology. Countries were then invited to of the broader tropical, subtropical, temperate and review and comment on the outcome of the boreal domains. combined global analysis. The result was a forest This publication constitutes the principal assessment of unprecedented scope and report of FRA 2000. The main findings on forest participation. area and area change are presented in Part I, FRA 2000 emphasized collaboration and Chapter 2. Part I also presents the results of transparency. The assessment was based on the studies on wood volume and biomass, plantations assumption that country participation in all phases and other key parameters studied in FRA 2000 of the process was the best way to ensure that including trees outside the forest, biological countries would have a sense of ownership of the diversity, forest management, forests in protected data and the results of the assessment, and would areas, forest fires, wood supply and non-wood thus be inclined to use the data in the forest products. development and implementation of policies and Part II presents findings organized by programmes to improve the management of their geographic region and subregion. More detailed forest resources. National experts reviewed and data by country are posted in the country verified country data. Where countries lacked the profiles on the FAO Forestry Web site: capability to carry out their own assessments, www.fao.org/forestry training and assistance were provided to build Part III describes the methodologies and national capacity. Regional workshops were held processes underpinning the assessment. It to improve data quality and to build capacity includes chapters describing the framework for through South-South cooperation. Leading obtaining country information; the methodology technical experts were called upon to develop used in the pan-tropical remote sensing survey of methodologies and to assist with the analysis. forest cover change; and the mapping processes Partnerships were formed with leading used to obtain the global maps of forest cover and institutions to take advantage of their comparative ecological zones. Also described is the advantages. Of particular importance, the United development of a comprehensive forestry Nations Economic Commission for Europe information system (FORIS) which was created to (UNECE) served as the focal point for assemble and disseminate the FRA 2000 results. information about industrialized countries. This system is integrated with other FAO databases and is accessible on the Internet. vi FRA 2000 main report Part IV summarizes the conclusions of the resources assessments, and a comparison of the assessment, reviews the process and presents results of FRA 1990 and FRA 2000. recommendations for future efforts. Findings for each country are available in Finally, detailed appendices provide terms and country pages on the FAO Forestry Web site, definitions and comprehensive tables of the global which are updated as new information becomes statistics presented by country and region. Also available. FRA Working Papers documenting the included are a listing of other FRA 2000 assumptions underlying the assessment and publications, a summary of earlier forest references to the original sources for all material are also available
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