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The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America annual procession of and to St. Paul’s Cathedral, which is conducted in late September in conjunction with St. Michael’s and All-Angel’s Day in the ecclesiastical calendar.

The chain of the order is manufactured of silver- gilt (gold-plated silver) and consists of six crowned lions symbolizing England, eight white-enameled Maltese crosses symbolizing , four monograms in open scroll-work of the entwined letters "SM" for St. Michael and "SG" for St. George, all joined together by links. Left - Imperial State Crown, Right - St Edward’s Crown The badge of the order is suspended from the collar by an The two crowns are readily distinguishable by the curve of ornate suspension device made of two winged, gold lions their arches. standing "passant guardant" beneath a large gold crown, each lion grasping a bundle of seven arrows in a raised to be held together by a gold pin located at about the one forepaw. The same device without the crown is at the o’clock position that is driven through the body. It is nape of the collar. Collars are worn only on command of quite possible that pitch was also used to hold the badges the Sovereign, or on specially appointed "collar days" and medallions together, although the author has not and are never worn after sunset. found any evidence of this. Sometimes, badges are The , neck, and bow badges of the order vary in size encountered that have small black inclusions on the according to class. The body of the badge is a Maltese enamel, but these appear to be residue spots left over cross with seven arms in white enamel edged in gold. On from the firing process. The enamel can also be cracked the obverse is a center medallion that depicts St. Michael or chipped, so it’s best to examine the enameling with a trampling upon Satan in natural enamel colors. On the magnifying glass before purchasing a badge. Finally, the reverse is a medallion with a scene of St. George on juncture between the badge and the crown appears to be horseback slaying the dragon. Both representations are manufactured as a solid, one-piece construction and encircled by a blue enamel band that contains the order’s without the pin swivel typical of the badges of other Latin motto AuspiciumMelioris Aevi (Token of a Better European orders. Age) in gold letters. Surmounting the badge is a gold The breast star of the order is basically a silver star with crowIl. a central medallion depicting St. Michael trampling upon Satan that is superimposed over a St. with The author has noticed that the crown varies in design. arms of translucent red enamel. Surrounding the This may simply be a difference in manufacturing tech- medallion is a beautiful example of the jeweler’s art nique, but it might also be related to the period the badge consisting of an omamental frame in gold containing the was presented. Badges presented during the reign of a order’s motto in cut-out letters in gold on a blue- king, such as , are suspended from the Imperial enameled background. State Crown, which has arches that curve upward towards the orb; while badges awarded during the reign of a GCMG, KCMG, and DCMG breast stars are distinguish- queen, such as the present Queen Elizabeth II, are ed by differences in the size and design of the star. The suspended from the St. Edward’s Crown, which has body of the GCMC star consists of alternating groups of arches that turn down towards the orb. The arches of the faceted gold and silver rays with the silver rays forming crown on the badge may or may not be voided. a with seven arms. In contrast, KCMG The obverse and reverse medallions of some of the older and DCMG stars have a silver Maltese cross with four badges the author has examined appear to be assembled pebbled arms that are separated by faceted, silver rays. in two parts; that is, the background and foreground The KCMG star is also smaller in size than the GCMG figures were enameled on separate pieces of metal, and star, and the DCMG star is smaller yet; however, the then the two pieces were joined together. To test for two- medallion on the DCMG star appears to be larger than piece construction, hold the badge on its side at eye level the medallion on the KCMG star. The medallion on all and look for daylight between the background and the modem breast stars examined by the author is a single figure of the saint. The various parts of the badge seem piece of enameled metal, unlike the two-piece medallions

29 Volume 50 Number 5 of some of the older badges of the order. The reverse of photograph of Queen Elizabeth II presenting the insignia the star has a gilt pin to attach the star to clothing. of the order to a middle eastern ruler believed to be the Emir of Bahrain. This presentation may have taken place The breast stars of all British orders of knighthood are on board the Royal Yacht Britannia. It may be the case always wom on the left side of the coat and below that the Queen presents the Order of St. Michael and St. decorations and medals. Multiple British stars must be George to foreign rulers only when she is traveling worn in a set pattern, and there are rules for the outside of Britain, reserving the or the arrangement of British and foreign stars when worn Royal Victorian Chain for those foreign hems of state together. who are visiting Britain on an official state visit.

The ribbon of the order is bltie with a red center stripe. 1 The author wishes to acknowledge Spink and Son, Ltd. DCMG and lady CMG members wear the badge of the for permission to reproduce photographs of insignia and order on the left breast suspended from a bow with ends to Deannie and Terry Gore for their assistance in that are fringed. The GCMG sash is 4 inches in width for preparing this article. male members and 2% inches in width for dames. KCMG neck ribbon is 2 inches in width, while DCMG Bibliography: bow ribbon is 1¾ inches in width. Both CMG neck and Connelly, Stephen, Spink’s Guide to the Wearing of Orders, bow ribbon is 1½ inches in width. Unlike the of Decorations, and Medals, Spink and Son Ltd., London, the and the Order of the , the 1986. sash of the Order of St. Michael and St. George is worn Debrett’s Peerage and Baronetage, 1995 across the fight shoulder with the badge resting on the left Hieronymussen, Paul, Orders, Medals and Decorations of Britain hip; but common to all British orders, the ends of the andEurope in Colour, Blandon Press, London, 1967. Joslin, E.C., Spink’s Catalog of British and Associated Orders, sash are fringed. Gentlemen in evening dress or the Decorations, and Medals, with Valuations, Webb and Bower military service "mess" dress wear the neck badge of the Publishers, Devon, England, 1983. order from a ribbon miniature-size in width, and members Mackay, James and Mussell, John W., The Medal Yearbook 1997, of all classes wear on the chest a half-size version of the Token Publishing Ltd., Devon, England, 1997. badge suspended from a length miniature ribbon that is Neville, D.G., A History of the Early Orders of Knighthood and Chivalry, Albemarle Enterprises, Ltd., London, 1978. mounted with the miniatures of other awards. In a group Patterson, Stephen, Royal Insignia: British and Foreign Orders of of miniatures, the badge of the order ranks after all Chivalry front the Royal Collection, Merrell Holberton decorations of valor. Publishers, Ltd., London, 1996. Werlich, , Orders and Decorations of All Nations, Quaker Solid gold was used in the manufacture of British order Press, Washington, D.C., 1990 Correspondence with the Central Chancery of the Orders of - insignia until 1887 when it was replaced with silver-gilt. hood, St. Jmnes Palace, London, 1996. In 1948, the statutes of the Order of St. Michael and St. George were changed to require the collar chain to be Two WWI Victory Medal Varieties Identified returned upon the death of the member, but heirs could retain the other insignia of the order. The pre-1948 St. The 1999 OMSA Convention brought to light two pre- Michael and St. George collar chain is the most viously unidentified Victory Medal varieties. The first is frequently encountered British collar in the market and in a well-struck U.S. VM with an integral fob-type sus- collections. However, the author has noted that many of pension device similar to the staffa found on Italian these collars have seen much service and have a tarnished medals. This variety has what appears to be the maker’s look about them, probably because they were frequently mark consisting of a small, sunken square on the edge at handled over the years. the six o’clock position. To the left of the mark is Made in France, and to the right is BRONZE in impressed The Order of St. Michael and St. George has been letters. The second variety is an Italian VM by Stefano conferred to many prominent heads of state including the Johnson struck in solid silver and bearing a hallmark on last Emperor of Ethiopia and the former German the reverse. This unusual medal was offered as Lot No. Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. The author has seen a 398 in the Dix, Noonan, and Webb 22 June 1999 auction of ODMs. Editor 1 "Ribbon" is spelled "riband" in British literature on phaleristics.

3O The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America

Dutch Multinational Service Medals

Edward J. Emering, OMSA No. 6135

he Netherlands has established four multinational UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in T service medals that can be divided into three distinct Palestine categories: (1) a bronze medal for service with United UN Operation in the Congo (ONUC) Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations; (2) a bronze UN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) on the medal for service with non-UN multinational peace- Syrian Golan Heights keeping operations; and (3) two antique silver medals for UN India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) service with international humanitarian missions. UN Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) in New Guinea Commemorative Medal for UN Peacekeeping UN Yemen Observer Mission (UNYOM) Operations UN Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in Namibia UN Angola Verification Mission II/III (UNAVEM) UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) UN Development Program/Cambodia Mine Action Center (UNDP/CMAC) UN Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) UN Observer Mission in Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia (UNTAES) UN International Police Task Force (UNIPTF) in Bosnia and Herzegovina UN Special Commission, and the UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS)

The HVN Medal with the original ribbon was also awarded for participation with the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL); however, service with UNIFIL was distinguished by the addition of a LIBANON 1979 clasp to the suspension ribbon.

For service in missions subsequent to those mentioned HVN Medal- Obverse above, a distinct ribbon color pattern was established for a single group of related missions and for each of three unrelated missions, which has resulted in four additional The bronze Commemorative Medal for UN Peacekeeping ribbon color patterns. The additional ribbon color Operations (Herinneringsmedaille voor Verenigde patterns and the missions recognized by each color Naaes Vredesoperaaes), which the Dutch refer to by the pattern are as follows: acronym "HVN," was instituted in 1980 to recognize participation by Dutch nationals in a UN peacekeeping Pattern No. 2 - Light blue (4mm), brown (3mm), mission. The original color pattern of the suspension white (5ram), red (lmm), white (lmm), dark blue (lmm), ribbon from the observer’s left to right is light blue white (5mm), green (3ram), light blue (4ram). For (3.5ram), white (7ram), red (2ram), white (2ram) dark service in missions in the former Yugoslavia between blue (2ram), white (7mm), light blue (3.5mm). The UN June 1992 and 20 December 1995 including the UN missions recognized for the award of the HVN Medal Protection Force (UNPROFOR), UN Peace Forces with the original ribbon are as follows: (UNPF), UN International Police Task Force (UNIPTF),

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