Biodiversity Strategy
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Biodiversity Strategy Version: Final The Natural Environment Adopted: 2016 & Sustainable Living Front Cover Ballion’s Crake image by Kevin Williams Document Images by Darren Clements, unless credited otherwise Abbreviations AMLRNRM Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges Natural Resource Management group BBCG Bremer Barker Catchment Group BCM Bushland Condition Monitoring BDBSA Biological Database of South Australia (managed by DEWNR) Contents DEH Department of Environment and Heritage, now DEWNR DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources, now DEWNR. 4 Acknowledgement of Country BIODIVERSIRTY PLANNING DEWNR Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 6 Mayor’s Message 86 4.0 Watercourses and Waterbodies 8 Executive Summary BFL Bush For Life (Program) 87 4.1 Catchments Within the District DPTI Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure 89 4.2 Aquatic Biodiversity DSEWPaC Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 12 1.0 Introduction 89 4.3 Fish 14 1.1 Policy and Legislative Context 100 4.4 Altered Aquatic Environments CFS Country Fire Service 16 1.2 What is Biodiversity 100 4.5 Riparian Zones EID Emerging Infectious Diseases 18 1.3 Biodiversity Decline EBS Ecology Environmental and Biodiversity Services 19 1.4 Environmental Setting and Location BIODIVERSIRTY PLANNING EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 23 1.5 Land Uses 24 1.6 Population and Urban Growth 106 5.0 Monitoring and Evaluation GWLAP Goolwa to Wellington Local Action Planning Group Inc 24 1.7 Climate 106 5.1 Ministerial Development Plan HEA Hahndorf Environment Association 25 1.8 Pre-European Vegetation Amendment (MDPA) IBRA Interim Biogeographical Regionalisation of Australia 29 1.9 Threats to Biodiversity 107 5.2 Flora LCU Landscape Character Unit 30 1.10 Biodiversity Protection Objectives 122 5.3 Threatened Flora Species 124 5.4 Threatened Ecological Species LGA Local Government Area BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 124 5.5 Fauna MDPA Ministerial Development Plan Amendment 132 5.6 Fauna Habitats MLR Mount Lofty Ranges 32 2.0 Vegetation NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 33 2.1 Significant Natural Areas BIODIVERSIRTY PLANNING - Remant Vegetation NPW National Parks and Wildlife 38 2.2 Bush For Life (BFL) Sites 158 6.0 Partnerships NRM Act Natural Resources Management Act 2004 39 2.3 Roadside Vegetation 158 6.1 Organisational Partnerships NV Act Native Vegetation Act 1991 42 2.4 Related Flora 160 6.2 Government Partnerships NVC Native Vegetation Council 53 2.5 Veteran and Street Trees 161 6.3 Community Partnerships 54 2.6 Revegetation and Restoration Sites RP Recreation Park RMS Roadside Marker Scheme 57 2.7 Threats to Vegetation 164 7.0 Monitoring and Evaluation SAMDBNRM South Australia Murry Darling Basin Natural Resources Management BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 166 8.0 References SEB Significant Environmental Benefit 62 3.0 Wildlife spp. species (plural) 62 3.1 Human Health and Social Benefits ssp. subspecies 63 3.2 Economic Benefits TEC Threatened Ecological Community 63 3.3 Threats to Fauna TFL Trees For Life (Program) 68 3.4 Fauna of Conservation Significance in the District 73 3.5 Fire Control History Of Peramangk People The Peramangk people lived on the eastern side of at these places. Peramangk people had relations wallabies and emus all included, but depended the escarpment of the Adelaide Hills in the Districts along the River Murray and areas north of Manunka on traditional laws of season and permissions of surrounding Mount Barker. Records indicate that and around it to Swan Reach. Until settlement the access. Peramangk people wore very little clothing, approximately 600 Peramangk living around Mt Barker Peramangk always maintained a good supply of water especially in summer, but the women were more and at least 1,200 across its Nation and Clan areas at and plentiful amount of food, they rarely needed likely to wear a cloak of opposum fur or kangaroo the time of European colonisation. There are still many to move down on to the plains. There was trading skin. Place names within the landscape mark a descendants living today in South Australia. between the Peramangk and the Aboriginal people in clear boundary of Peramangk territory and their adjoining Nations, with them supplying: Ochre, flint, many Clans, even though they also shared many The whole language of these people has not survived, quartz, supple whip-stick mallee spears, opposum trade items and dreaming across common but there are still many words, names of places skins and other items not found on the plains and ground, water, sky and the stars. and names of the Clans that made up the lower lakes. Within the community, the men would Peramangk nation. hunt for animal food while the women gathered Art sites along the eastern escarpment and vegetables, cared for the children and maintained the the boundaries defined in the Tjilbruke and The Peramangk people share close relationships, campsite. They would remain at a campsite for several Ngarrindjeri song-lines that are also part of the culture and some language with the Nations of the days before moving, this prevented over use of the Kaurna dreaming. The ancient beings that carved Kaurna to the West, Ngadjuri to the north, Ngarrindjeri area and its food supply/resources thus ensuring the out this land and the dreaming stories of these to the south & Meru to the east. The Peramangk lived environment stayed the same for future generations beings is still a living presence and known by in the strip of country running north from Mount over thousands of years. The Peramangk would return many of our Meruwatta - (Country men), Nepo- Barker through Harrogate, Gumeracha, Mt Pleasant, to the sites used in previous years depending on the anna (neighbours) and ad joining Nations - This and Springton to the Angaston district and south to seasons and the condition of the environment. The diet will never change... even when the surface of the Strathalbyn. There are also sites along the River also varied according to the season with vegetables, earth we all stand on does. Murray where Peramangk people had access to the seeds, honey, eggs, grubs, insects, lizards, snakes, fish, River. Peramangk place names can still be found yabbies, opposums, and larger game with kangaroos, Ivan-Tiwu Copley 4 Biodiversity Strategy - Acknowledgement of Country 5 Mayor’s Message The Mount Barker district boasts a wide range of We share this responsibility with other government habitats, including Eucalytpus woodlands and forest, agencies, not-for profit organsations, community grasslands and an extensive range of watercourses. groups and the dedicated and skilled volunteers that continue to work on Council land and private land. Our plants, wildlife and terristeral and aquatic habitats continue to face a number of threats including weed Our thanks is extended to all the Council staff, invasion, habitat fragmentation and degradation, risk elected members, community groups, government of fire, and climate change. agencies, non-government organisations and industry professionals that participated in the development By developing a Biodiversity Strategy, Council can of this Strategy. demonstrate that biodiversity is a part of core business and commitment toward conserving biodiversity in the Ann Ferguson face of a changing landscape and urban growth. Mayor The reduction of biodiversity has the potential to affect economic, ecological, social and cultural values within the District. The implementation of the actions outlined in this strategy will essentially aim to mitigate biodiversity loss and guide a sustainable, adaptive and achievable approach to biodiversity conservation and urban growth. 6 Biodiversity Strategy - Mayor’s Message 7 Hydrology Hydrological processes are essential to not only maintain biological diversity, but are also fundamental to the survival of humans (Pert and others 2010). Catchments and watercourses Biodiversity Strategy Snap Shot provide habitat for a number of plants and animals particularly in the aquatic environments and riparian zones, the land Objectives surrounding or adjoining and influenced by, a body of water. Biological diversity or biodiversity is the variety of all life forms on earth – the different plants, animals and micro-organisms, their genes, and the There are two broad categories of surface water resources terrestrial, marine and freshwater ecosystems of which they are a part (National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity). within the district. These categories can be distinguished by The Biodiversity Strategy has: creeks that drain in a southwest direction and form part of the Onkaparinga Catchment, which includes Echunga Creek, • Identified current landscape & values within the local government area (LGA); Hahndorf Creek and the Biggs Flat area and those streams • Identified threats within the study area; and rivers that drain in an easterly direction towards Lake • Identified responses to the threats; Alexandrina and form part of the River Murray Catchment; • Identify actions for effective implementation of the strategy and; this includes the Bremer River and the Angas River. • Identified effective monitoring and evaluation of the strategy. Flow regime is regarded to be the key driver for river, creek and wetland ecosystems. Flows are the major determinant of Biodiversity and Landscape Assets habitats in streams, which contributes to the survival of aquatic Prior to European settlement the Mount Barker District was