DOCSLIB.ORG

Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) Species Diversity in the Pampas, Argentina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) Species Diversity in the Pampas, Argentina Diversity and Distributions (2000) 6, 81-91 BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) species diversity in the Pampas, Argentina MARÍA MARTA CIGLIANO.* MARÍA LAURA DE WYSIECKIf and CARLOS E. I.ANGIA * Departamento Científico de Entomología, Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Paseo del Boscpte sin 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected], t Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Calle 2 Nro. 584 1900 La Plata, Argentina Abstract. A study was conducted to describe buted species made up 14.7% of species composi­ the major features of geographical and temporal tion and intermediately and narrowly distributed variation in the diversity of grassland grasshopper­ species made up 26.5% and 58.8%. respectively. species (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) in different sites The three top-ranked species in the studied sites of the Pampas. Argentina. Species richness and were Dichroplus elongatus. D. pratensis and relative abundance were assessed at 12 sites in Staurorhectus longicornis. Results showed eastern La Pampa and western Buenos Aires that, contrary to what was expected, one of provinces, from 1994 through 1999. Mean spe­ the widely distributed species in the region (i.e. cies richness at the regional level was 10. and Baeacris punctulatus) does not always constitute 34 grasshopper species were collected throughout one of the most abundant species. Finally, the of the study. Comparison with grasshopper spe­ loss of one of the historically most common cies diversity from the Great Plains of North species in the Pampas. D. mactilipennis. is also America is discussed. An evaluation of the discussed. proportions of species in each of the three distribution groups (broad, intermediate and Key words. Acridoidea. diversity, grasshoppers. narrow) revealed that, over all sites, broadly distri­ Orthoptera. Pampas grasslands. in weather conditions (Dempster. 1963; Uvarov. INTRODUCTION 1966. 1977; Capinera & Florton. 1989; Joem & Ecologists and biogeographers have struggled to Gaines. 1990; Kemp & Cigliano. 1994; Lockwood. understand spatial and temporal variations in 1997; Schell & Lockwood. 1997). the abundance, distribution, and number of spe­ Grasshoppers are among the most import­ cies. At the community level, the structure of ant native herbivores throughout much of the an assemblage with time may greatly change Pampas. Of the 230 grasshopper species known in terms of both number and relative abund­ for Argentina, about 110 inhabit grasslands ance of the species. Many populations of herbi­ (Cigliano & Lange. 1998). The Pampas region vorous insects fluctuate in size, although some covers approximately 15% of the country, and others are relatively constant from year to year. in the last few decades most of it has under­ Grasshopper communities exhibit large temporal gone increasing change in land use. Grazing oscillations in abundance (Gage & Mukerji. 1977; and agricultural activities have been intensified, Joem & Pruess. 1986; Kemp. 1987; 1992a; 1992b; and natural pasture areas have been drastically Cigliano et al., 1995b) mostly attributed to changes reduced or altered (Llorens. 1995). Grasshoppers © 2000 Blackwell Science Ltd. http://www.blackwell-science.com/ddi 81 82 Al. Al. Cigliano et al. are a recurrent pest of the natural and artificial MATERIALSAND METHODS pastures of Argentina, inflicting damage on graz­ Study area and collections ing systems and competing for food with the stock (Hemming & Waloff, 1972; Liebermann, The study area was located in western Buenos 1972; De Wysiecki & Sánchez, 1992; Cigliano Aires and eastern La Pampa provinces (Fig. 1) et al., 1995a; Cigliano & Lange, 1998). in the Pampas biogeographic region as defined Despite the importance of grasshoppers in by Cabrera & Willink (1973). This region encom­ the Pampas, little work has been conducted on passes a large proportion of available grassland analysing the relative abundance and species habitat types in the country. Two sites (Santa composition of grasshopper communities in the Rosa and Carhué) were monitored from 1994 area (Sánchez & de Wysiecki, 1993). The goal through 1999. The remaining sites were visited of this paper is to describe the major features during 1 year (Villa Sauri, Guatraché, Padre of spatial and temporal variation in the divers­ Buodo, General Acha and El Durazno), 2 years ity of species in different sites of this grassland (Alta Italia and Ojeda) or 3 years (América, region. Pehuajó and Castex). Fig. I Map showing sites used for collection of grassland grasshopper data 1994-99, Buenos Aires (BA) and eastern La Pampa (LP) provinces, Argentina. 1, Carhué; 2, Guatraché; 3, Padre Buodo; 4, General Acha; 5, El Durazno; 6, Villa Sauri; 7, Santa Rosa; 8, Castex; 9, Alta Italia; 10, Ojeda; 11, América; and 12, Pehuajó. © 2000 Blackwell Science Ltd, Diversity and Distributions, 6, 81-91 Grasshopper diversity in the Argentine Pampas 83 Sweep-net collections were made at each site, (Table 1). Average species richness ranged from along vegetation transects. Sites were visited four to 12 species per site among the 12 studied twice in the season (early January, early/mid- sites. Low numbers of grasshopper species per February) to ensure detection of species with site were found in Villa Sauri (four species) and different phenological patterns. Three hundred General Acha (five species). Higher values of sweeps per site were made at each sampling species richness (12-16 species) were found in period between 1000 and 1600 h under sunny Ojeda (15), Alta Italia (12), Santa Rosa (16), sky and light winds. To reduce chances of vari­ Castex (15) and Pehuajo (12). Mean species ability caused by sampling error, collections were richness at the regional level (all sites, all years) always made by the same two people. One should was 10. be aware of the existence of possible biases when testing hypotheses that rely on grasshopper Taxonomic diversity community composition estimates obtained from sweep samples. However, studies have shown From a taxonomic perspective, within the Acrid- that sweep netting generally provide accurate idae the Melanoplinae was the most abundant estimates of grasshopper diversity on grasslands and diverse subfamily (14 species belonged to (Evans et al., 1983; Larson et al., 1999). Grass­ this subfamily that represented 68.8% of the total hoppers collected via sweep-net were placed in grasshoppers’ relative abundance) in our study, cages, and taken to the laboratory for identifica­ followed by the Gomphocerinae (nine species tion to species and determination of development belonged to this subfamily, representing 23.8% stages. of the total grasshoppers’ relative abundance), Acridinae (three species belonged to this sub­ family, representing 3.3% of the grasshoppers’ Analyses relative abundance), Copiocerinae (two species of Relative abundance the grasshoppers caught were copiocerine repres­ Of grasshopper species was calculated as the enting 2.4% of the total grasshoppers’ relative abundance of species i relative to the total abund­ abundance) and Leptysminae (only one species ance of all species collected at each site. For of Leptysminae was caught representing 0.32% each year mean values from January-February of the total). Only five species of Romaleinae were considered in the analysis. (1.28% of the total relative abundance) were col­ lected (Tables 1 and 2). Species distribution hierarchy In order to examine whether the proportion of Relative abundance species in distribution hierarchy groups was con­ stant over the entire region, the proportion of the Average relative abundance of grasshopper spe­ species at each site that were narrowly (present cies from the 12 studied sites fluctuated among at <25% of the 30 total site-years), intermediately years (Table 1). For all the sites and years the (present at > 25 and < 75% of the 30 total site — most abundant three species (D. elongatus, D. years) and broadly (present at >75% of the 30 pratensis and S', longicornis) constituted 63.4% total site-years) distributed were computed. of the grasshopper assemblage (Table 1). Many species can be considered uncommon Species richness or rare. B. punctulatus was detected during most Species richness was quantified as the total number of the years but in low numbers (numerical rarity). of species present in a community. Some species (L. pulcher) were found in reason­ able numbers, in many years, but only in some locations (spatial rarity). RESULTS There were no major differences in grass­ hopper assemblages between the two sites that Grasshopper species richness were monitored for a longer time. For Carhue Thirty-four grasshopper species, belonging to the most abundant four species (S. longicornis, two families and six subfamilies were recorded D. elongatus, D. pratensis and L. pulcher) constituted © 2000 Blackwell Science Ltd, Diversity and Distributions, 6, 81-91 84 Table I (A) Mean relative abundance (individuals/300 sweeps) patterns of grassland grasshopper species collected in Guatrache, Padre Buodo (P. Buodo), Al. General Acha (G. Acha), El Durazno, Villa Sauri (V. Sauri), Castex, Alta Italia, Ojeda and América, in the Pampas, Argentina 1994-99 Al. Family/subfamily/species Castex Alta Italia Ojeda América Cigliano Guatrache r. buodo or. Acna Bl Durazno V. bauri 1994 1994 1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1997 1997 1999 1997 1999 1997 1998 1999 ACRIDIDAE et Acridinae al. Allotruxalis strigata (Bruner) 13 4 7 6 2 2 3 2 Covasacris albitarsis Liebermann 4 5 Parorphula gramínea Bruner 1 Leptysminae Leptysma argentina
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grasshoppers (Acridoidea)
    Ethology 76, 265-296 (1987) 0 1987 Paul Parey Scientific Publishers, Berlin and Hamburg ISSN 0179-1613 Max-Planck-Institut fur Verhaltensphysiologie, Seewiesen A Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Some Neotropical Grasshoppers (Acridoidea) KLAUSRIEUE With 11 figures and one colour plate Received: September 23, 1986 Accepted: January 20, 1987 (W. Wickler) Abstract Aspects of premating and mating behaviour in several South American grasshopppers (Acridoidea) are described and compared. Examples of communication by acoustical, visual and chemical means are given. Acoustic signals are emitted only by species of the subfamilies Gomphocerinae, Acridinae, Romaleinae and Copiocerinae. Each subfamily has distinct sound-producing mechanisms, and the songs occur in different behavioural contexts. In Gomphocerinae and Acridinae the sexes recognize and attract each other by species-specific songs produced by a femuro-tegminal stridulatory mecha- nism. In contrast, Romaleinae produce a simple song by rubbing the hindwings against the forewings. These songs are similar in different species and no attraction of females could be demonstrated, but the behaviour may function in male-male interaction and during copulation. Sexual pheromones also play a role in this subfamily. Acoustic activity during copulation has been observed in Aleuasini (Copiocerinae), but its function is still unclear. No sound production at all exists in the Leptysminae, Rhytidochrotinae, Ommatolampinae, Melanoplinae, Proctolabinae and Bactrophorinae, but conspicuous movements of hindlegs (knee- waving) and antennae were observed. In some species these form part of a soundless courtship display. Ecological constraints have little influence on the basic mating strategies: romaleine, gom- phocerine and melanopline grasshoppers often coexist in various habitats, but show the divergent behaviour patterns characteristic of their respective subfamilies.
    [Show full text]
  • Grasshoppers of the Choctaw Nation in Southeast Oklahoma
    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service EPP-7341 Grasshoppers of the Choctaw Nation in Southeast OklahomaJune 2021 Alex J. Harman Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets Graduate Student are also available on our website at: extension.okstate.edu W. Wyatt Hoback Associate Professor Tom A. Royer Extension Specialist for Small Grains and Row Crop Entomology, Integrated Pest Management Coordinator Grasshoppers and Relatives Orthoptera is the order of insects that includes grasshop- pers, katydids and crickets. These insects are recognizable by their shape and the presence of jumping hind legs. The differ- ences among grasshoppers, crickets and katydids place them into different families. The Choctaw recognize these differences and call grasshoppers – shakinli, crickets – shalontaki and katydids– shakinli chito. Grasshoppers and the Choctaw As the men emerged from the hill and spread throughout the lands, they would trample many more grasshoppers, killing Because of their abundance, large size and importance and harming the orphaned children. Fearing that they would to agriculture, grasshoppers regularly make their way into all be killed as the men multiplied while continuing to emerge folklore, legends and cultural traditions all around the world. from Nanih Waiya, the grasshoppers pleaded to Aba, the The following legend was described in Tom Mould’s Choctaw Great Spirit, for aid. Soon after, Aba closed the passageway, Tales, published in 2004. trapping many men within the cavern who had yet to reach The Origin of Grasshoppers and Ants the surface. In an act of mercy, Aba transformed these men into ants, During the emergence from Nanih Waiya, grasshoppers allowing them to rule the caverns in the ground for the rest of traveled with man to reach the surface and disperse in all history.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthoptera: Acrididae)
    204 Florida Entomologist 88(2) June 2005 MANDIBULAR MORPHOLOGY OF SOME FLORIDIAN GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) TREVOR RANDALL SMITH AND JOHN L. CAPINERA University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Gainesville, FL 32611 The relationship between mouthpart structure zen until examination. Mandibles were removed and diet has been known for years. This connec- from thawed specimens by lifting the labrum and tion between mouthpart morphology and specific pulling out each mandible separately with for- food types is incredibly pronounced in the class In- ceps. Only young adults were used in an effort to secta (Snodgrass 1935). As insects have evolved avoid confusion of mandible type due to mandible and adapted to new food sources, their mouthparts erosion (Chapman 1964; Uvarov 1977). An exam- have changed accordingly. This is an extremely im- ple of moderate erosion can be seen in Figure 1 (I). portant trait for evolutionary biologists (Brues This process was replicated with 10 individuals 1939) as well as systematists (Mulkern 1967). from each species. After air-drying, each mandi- Isley (1944) was one of the first to study grass- ble was glued to the head of a #3 or #2 insect pin, hopper mouthparts in detail. He described three depending on its size, for easier manipulation, groups of mandibles according to general struc- and examined microscopically. ture and characteristic diet. These three groups, We used Isley’s (1944) description of mandible still used today, were graminivorous (grass-feed- types and their adaptive functions to divide the ing type) with grinding molars and incisors typi- mandibles into 3 major categories: forbivorous cally fused into a scythe-like cutting edge, for- (forb-feeding), graminivorous (grass-feeding), bivorous (forb or broadleaf plant-feeding type) and herbivorous (mixed-feeding).
    [Show full text]
  • Biotic Resources of Indio Mountains Research Station
    BIOTIC RESOURCES OF INDIO MOUNTAINS RESEARCH STATION Southeastern Hudspeth County, Texas A HANDBOOK FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS Compiled by: Richard D. Worthington Carl Lieb Wynn Anderson Pp. 1 - 85 El Paso, Texas Fall, 2004 (Continually Reviewed and Updated) by Jerry D. Johnson (Last Update) 16 September 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION - Pg. 3 COLLECTING IMRS RESOURCES – Pg. 4 POLICIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF RESOURCES – Pg. 4 PHYSICAL SETTING – Pg. 5 CHIHUAHUAN DESERT – Pg. 6 CLIMATE – Pg. 6 GEOLOGY – Pg. 8 SOILS – Pg. 12 CULTURAL RESOURCES – Pg. 13 PLANT COMMUNITIES – Pg. 14 LICHENS – Pg. 15 NONVASCULAR PLANTS – Pg. 18 VASCULAR PLANTS – Pg. 19 PROTOZOANS – Pg. 34 FLATWORMS – Pg. 34 ROUNDWORMS – Pg. 34 ROTIFERS – Pg. 35 ANNELIDS – Pg. 36 MOLLUSKS – Pg. 36 ARTHROPODS – Pg. 37 VERTEBRATES – Pg. 64 IMRS GAZETTEER – Pg. 80 2 INTRODUCTION It is our pleasure to welcome students and visitors to the Indio Mountains Research Station (IMRS). A key mission of this facility is to provide a research and learning experience in the Chihuahuan Desert. We hope that this manual will assist you in planning your research and learning activities. You will probably be given a short lecture by the station Director upon entering the station. Please pay attention as IMRS is not without potential hazards and some long-term research projects are underway that could be disturbed if one is careless. Indio Mountains Research Station came into being as a result of the generosity of a benefactor and the far-sighted vision of former UTEP President Haskell Monroe. Upon his death in 1907, the will of Boston industrialist Frank B.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Atónoma De Nuevo León Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas Subdirección De Estudios De Posgrado
    UNIVERSIDAD ATÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS SUBDIRECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO DIETA INVERNAL DE TECOLOTE LLANERO (Athene cunicularia) Y SU INTERACCION CON DOS ESPECIES SIMPÁTRICAS: BÚHO CUERNO CORTO (Asio flammeus) Y LECHUZA DE CAMPANARIO (Tyto alba), EN EL OCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO. POR HÉCTOR ENRIQUE VALDEZ GÓMEZ Como requisito parcial para obtener el Grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS con Acentuación en Vida Silvestre y Desarrollo Sustentable. Diciembre de 2014 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Dr. Armando J. Contreras Balderas, por su valioso apoyo y optimismo para concretar este trabajo. Al Dr. Geoffrey L. Holroyd por la oportunidad de estudiar los tecolotes en México, por el financiamiento y apoyo incondicional durante mi estancia en Canadá. Al Dr. Sergio Guerrero Vázquez, por su disponibilidad y tiempo para resolver mis dudas de los análisis y resultados. A Helen E. Trefry, de quien aprendí valiosas lecciones de campo y de vida. El presente trabajo es resultado de la participación de muchas personas, equivalente a innumerables horas de trabajo compartido. Este tiempo no reembolsable, ha sido motivado por la gran simpatía que inspiran los tecolotes. Tengo la firme convicción que quienes recorrieron los predios de Peñuelas y Valencianita, en Irapuato; o la Base Aérea de Zapopan, quedaron cautivados por esta peculiar ave que difícilmente olvidarán. A todas ellas mi sincero agradecimiento. Así mismo a aquellas instituciones comprometidas, al depositar su voto de confianza: Subdirección de Estudios de Posgrado (UANL); Laboratorio de Ornitología (UANL); CONACYT (Beca No 214632); Fuerza Aérea Mexicana; Centro de Estudios en Zoología (U de G); Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas (U. de Gto.); Colección Nacional de Aves (UNAM); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; Environment Canada; World Wildlife Fund Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Preliminary Survey of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) of the Big Thicket Region of Texas. JoVonn G. Hill The Big Thicket region of Texas is a southerly tilted topographical basin bounded between the Trinity and Sabine rivers in southeast Texas (Watson 2006). The Big Thicket has been called " the biological crossroads of North America", as species from the east and west occur relatively near each other within a mosaic of habitats such as arid sandylands, bottomland hardwood forests and cypress sloughs, palmetto hardwood flats, wetland pine savannah, upland pine forests, and mixed grass prairies (NPS 2010). Over 1,396 species of plants, 185 species of birds, and 60 reptile species have been documented within the Big Thicket (Big Thicket Association 2014). Since the 1930s, the Thicket has had a very active army of citizen scientists who have fought for the conservation of the region’s biota. In 1974, all their efforts paid off when the Big Thicket National Preserve was established (it was also the first National Preserve in U.S. history). The preserve consists of over 100,000 acres in 15 units spread out across seven counties. Additionally, The Nature Conservancy, the state of Texas, and several other entities have preserves established throughout the region. In 2006, an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) began in the Big Thicket to document every living species within the region. As part of the ATBI, surveys of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and grasshoppers began in 2011, and should continue for at least another year. Among insects, ants are typically the most dominant and influential force in terrestrial ecosystems, often comprise a large amount of the animal biomass, and are very sensitive to habitat changes making them ideal choices for such baseline inventories such as the ATBI.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Message
    METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY President’s Message [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ear Society Members, [2] SOCIETY NEWS th A NEW CALL FOR [2] 11 International Congress of Orthopterology in Kunming, China PROPOSALS TO THE DD ORTHOPTERISTS’ [3] OS Research Grants Solicitation SOCIETY RESEARCH FUND and Winners of 2011 Winter Grants I am very happy to announce that the 20th annual call for ap- [4] OS GRANT REPORT plications for the Orthopterists’ Society grants primarily in support [4] Phylogenetic analyses of the of graduate students and young band-winged grasshoppers (Acridi- dae: Oedipodinae) reveal conver- research in Orthoptera (s. l.) and gence of wing morphology and in- professionals for significant basic most are members, not all. There congruence with current taxonomy is a marvelous range of photos that by Martin Husemann et al. is opened. Proposals are due on 1 people are posting daily. Julyinnovative 2012 andpresentation 1 January of 2013 findings. [6] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLE Please see instructions for submis- 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS sion of proposals herein and in our OF ORTHOPTEROLOGY: [6] Georges Claraz - a Swiss natural- website (http://140.247.119.225/ I wish to remind you that the 11th ist in Argentina by John Hollier and OrthSoc/). International Congress of Orthop- Anita Hollier terology will be held next year MEMBERSHIP-PAYPAL-FACEBOOK [8] A brief search for the Texas (August 11-15, 2013) in Kunming, The membership is a major con- Cholla Grasshopper, Chloroplus cac- Yunnan, China, under the theme: cern these days for any Society, but tocaetes Hebard, 1918 (Acrididae: it is nice to see that the number of Melanoplinae), with illustrations and Human Culture”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the Grasslands in the Southern Portion of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
    13 1 2052 the journal of biodiversity data 20 February 2017 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 13(1): 2052, 20 February 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.1.2052 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors The grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the grasslands in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil Bruno R. Terra1, Felipe D. Gatti1, Marco Antonio A. Carneiro1, 3 & Maria Katia M. da Costa2 1 Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Exatas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, CEP: 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil 2 Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, CEP: 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 3 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Neotropical mountains host much of the Of the insects studied in the Espinhaço Range, gall- Earth’s biodiversity. The Espinhaço Range of Brazil con- inducing species have perhaps received the most attention sists of a fragmented series of low-altitude mountains with (Lara & Fernandes 1996; Carneiro et al. 2009), with extensive areas of grasslands. As is often the case with other insect herbivores being much less frequently grasslands, grasshoppers are abundant and diverse in this studied (Carneiro et al. 1995; Ribeiro et al. 1998). The ecosystem, although they are poorly known. The study was grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) comprise one of the carried in three regions of the Espinhaço Range, located largest and most dominant groups of free-feeding insect at southeastern Minas Gerais state: Serra do Ouro Branco, herbivores on Earth (Gangwere et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grasshoppers and Other Orthoptera of Arizona
    The Grasshoppers and Other Orthoptera of Arizona Item Type text; Book Authors Ball, E. D.; Tinkham, E. R.; Flock, Robert; Vorhies, C. T. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 04/10/2021 13:31:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190516 Technical Bulletin No. §3 June 15, 1942 Utttomttg fff Arfemta COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION THE AND OF ARIZONA BY E. D. BALL, K R. XIHKHAM, ROBERT FtocK, AND C. T. VQKBIES BY Itttaerattg ORGANIZATION BOABD OF BEGENTS Sidney P. Osborn (ex-of&cio).. Governor of Arizona E. D. Ring, B.A, (ex-officio). State Superintendent of Public Instruction APPOINTED MEMBERS Albert M. Crawford, B.S., President Prescott William H. Westover, LL.B Yuma Martin Gentry, LL,B Willcox Cleon T. Kmapp, LL.B.» Treasurer Tucson Jack B. Martin, Secretary,.,. Tucson M. O. Best Phoenix Clarence E. Houston, LL.B., B.A..... , ..Tucson Mrs. Joseph Madison Greet, B.A. Phoenix Alfred Atkinson, D.Sc .President of the University EXPJSBIMEHT STATION STAFF Paul S. Burgess, PhJX Dean and Director Ralph S. Hawkins, Ph,D ..Vice-Dean and Vice-Director ENTOMOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY Charles T. Vorhies, Ph,D .Economic Zoologist •Elmer D. Ball, PhD ...™._ Entomologist Lawrence P, Wehrle, Ph.D...., , .„„. Associate Entomologist H, G* Johnston, Ph.D Associate Entomologist (Phoenix) *On leave. EBRWR Make following changes in numbers caa right hand margins only; Page 299, change "2^" to "26" Page 300, change "26" to "2k" Page 533, change "2V to "25" Pass 333, change "22" to "23" Page 33U, change "23" to "22" Page 33^, change "25" to "24" TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION.,.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Romaleidae: Acrididae) Fauna of Black Belt Prairie Remnants in Alabama and Mississippi
    JOVONN G.Journal HILL of Orthoptera Research 2007,16(2): 139-144139 The grasshopper (Orthoptera: Romaleidae: Acrididae) fauna of Black Belt Prairie remnants in Alabama and Mississippi Accepted September 7, 2007 JOVONN G. HILL Mississippi Entomological Museum, Box 9775, Mississippi State University, MS 39762. Email: [email protected] Abstract dark soils has been converted to agriculture, and remaining prairie Extensive areas of prairie were once found in the southeastern United States; however, in the last 200 y much of this habitat type has been destroyed. remnants are often found on marginal light gray soils where the The largest of these prairie regions, the Black Belt Prairie, extended through chalk comes to the surface (chalk outcrops). portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Because the grasshopper Today small remnants of these prairies may be found along fauna of these endangered grasslands has not been well documented, a roadsides, fencerows, gas and powerline right of ways, and on survey of grasshoppers was initiated, and collections made at 23 Black Belt marginal lands not suitable for agriculture. These prairie remnants Prairie remnants in Alabama and Mississippi over a seven-year period. A support a diverse and distinct flora and fauna, including species of total of 33 grasshopper species, and the Melanoplus femurrubrum x propinquus plants and insects that otherwise are found primarily in the Great intermediate, from two families and six subfamilies were found from the 23 Plains. These “disjunct” distributions, along with endemic species sites. Several notable species, including one with a disjunct or discontinuous and fossil evidence, suggest that Black Belt prairies may have had distribution, Pseudopomala brachyptera, were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • First Natural History Observations of the Canyon Pygmy Mole Cricket, Ellipes
    Research Article B. WOO Journal of Orthoptera Research 2020, 29(1): 1-71 First natural history observations of the canyon pygmy mole cricket, Ellipes monticolus (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) BRANDON WOO1 1 Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Corresponding author: Brandon Woo ([email protected]) Academic editor: Maria-Marta Cigliano | Received 28 January 2019 | Accepted 26 June 2019 | Published 10 January 2020 http://zoobank.org/F83876E3-4588-4353-9769-BF72BB5229E6 Citation: Woo B (2020) First natural history observations of the canyon pygmy mole cricket, Ellipes monticolus (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 29(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.29.33413 Abstract The Tridactylidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tridactyloidea), commonly known as pygmy mole crickets, is a family of small, The first live photos of the canyon pygmy mole cricket,Ellipes monti- burrowing orthopterans distributed worldwide (Deyrup and Ei- colus Günther, are presented, with preliminary observations on the habitat sner 1996). They are well adapted to living in wet, sandy areas and behavior of populations in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern and can burrow, swim, and fly (with the exception of a few flight- Arizona. The species was previously known solely from the original de- scription in 1977, which included only drawings of the structure of the less species) with ease. Algae growing in moist habitats is their genitalia and almost no natural history information. This paper provides preferred food (Deyrup and Eisner 1996). There are about seven the first look at this species’ biology and provides a framework for future species in the USA with four recorded in Arizona (Günther 1975, studies on Tridactylidae of the southwestern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • U1 Sndna Clusters in Grasshoppers: Chromosomal Dynamics and Genomic Organization
    Heredity (2015) 114, 207–219 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/15 www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE U1 snDNA clusters in grasshoppers: chromosomal dynamics and genomic organization A Anjos1, FJ Ruiz-Ruano2, JPM Camacho2, V Loreto3, J Cabrero2, MJ de Souza3 and DC Cabral-de-Mello1 The spliceosome, constituted by a protein set associated with small nuclear RNA (snRNA), is responsible for mRNA maturation through intron removal. Among snRNA genes, U1 is generally a conserved repetitive sequence. To unveil the chromosomal/ genomic dynamics of this multigene family in grasshoppers, we mapped U1 genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 70 species belonging to the families Proscopiidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Ommexechidae, Romaleidae and Acrididae. Evident clusters were observed in all species, indicating that, at least, some U1 repeats are tandemly arrayed. High conservation was observed in the first four families, with most species carrying a single U1 cluster, frequently located in the third or fourth longest autosome. By contrast, extensive variation was observed among Acrididae, from a single chromosome pair carrying U1 to all chromosome pairs carrying it, with occasional occurrence of two or more clusters in the same chromosome. DNA sequence analysis in Eyprepocnemis plorans (species carrying U1 clusters on seven different chromosome pairs) and Locusta migratoria (carrying U1 in a single chromosome pair) supported the coexistence of functional and pseudogenic lineages. One of these pseudogenic lineages was truncated in the same nucleotide position in both species, suggesting that it was present in a common ancestor to both species. At least in E. plorans, this U1 snDNA pseudogenic lineage was associated with 5S rDNA and short interspersed elements (SINE)-like mobile elements.
    [Show full text]