Canadian Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016)

CITATIONS: Review the Citation Style Guide below. Failure to use this citation style will result in lost marks. Note that you must cite all information used from your sources – not just direct quotes. It is better to have “too many” citations in your paper than not enough (that is plagiarism). Paraphrase as often as possible from your sources. Direct quotes should make up no more than 10 percent of the research paper.

CITATIONS IN TEXT Whenever you use someone else’s work, either paraphrased or directly quoted, or photos, charts, or figures, you must cite that source. If you do not cite the original source, you are claiming a piece of information as your own. If you got the information from someone else, you are guilty of plagiarism, a serious academic offence, if you fail to cite your source.

Every quotation must be cited. For example: “Forest apes are such good moisture conservers that they rarely need to visit predator-haunted water holes. They get enough water from the fruit and vegetation they eat, and from the rain that falls on leaves” (Morgan 1982:45).

If your direct quote makes up four or more lines of text, put the entire quote in block quote format; i.e., indent the entire quote and single space

Every fact and statistic must be cited. For example: With estimates for the number of languages in the world ranging from 3000 to 10,000 (Crystal 1987:284), it is far from clear that…

1. The Basic Rule: (Author year:page)  Left parenthesis, author’s surname, space, year, colon, page, right parenthesis: • (Chomsky 1957:12).

2. Citing one work by one author • Author’s name given in your own text, omit the author’s name in the citation: o In Chomsky’s earliest notable publication (1957:12), he provokes… • Author’s name not given in your own text: o An early publication on the theory (Chomsky 1957:12)...

3. Citing two authors, give both their surnames joined with “and” • (Maltz and Borker 1982:203)....

4. Citing more than two authors, give the first surname plus “et al.” • (Flinn et al. 1998:86). • NB: On the reference page, all names are written in full.

5. Citing an entire source, rather than a portion, omit the page number • The first serious work in syntax (Chomsky 1957) sent linguistic anthropology into…

6. Citing several pages, give the start and end page numbers • Chomsky’s attack on Markov state models (1957:7-24) begs the question…

7. Citing several works by the same author, years are separated by commas • (Lévi-Strauss 1968, 1987).

8. Citing several works by different authors, separate works of each author with a semicolon

OC Library 1 Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016)

• (Chomsky 1957, 1971; Hymes 1964, 1971; Kramer et al. 2007). 9. Citing several works by one author from the same year, distinguish them consistently by adding a letter to the year to indicate the alphabetical order of the titles. • (Lévi-Strauss 1988a, 1988b).

10. Citing an article in an edited volume, list author of article. • (Ackerman 1995:78)

11. Citing a secondary source is discouraged. If the original source is not available, the original author and date are used in the in text citation. The original author and publication information appear first in the reference list entry. Citing a secondary source: • In Huston’s 1982 study (as cited in Cole and Chaikin 1990)… • Fieldwork (Houston, 1982, as cited in Cole and Chaikin 1990) has shown…

12. Citing sources when the author is the name of an organisation, use the full or abbreviated name of the organisation • (United Nations 2010:12)

13. Citing sources when there is no author, use a shortened form of the title in italics if the source is a book, or in quote marks if the source is an article • (American Landscape 1911:234) • (“Genre and Gender” 2007:35)

14. Direct quotations and paraphrasing • When citing direct quotations or paraphrasing, include the page number of the quote or paraphrased information. o “Crests are shown or utilized in different ways” (Sapir 2002:45). o When crests are used, each owner has a different way of showing them (Sapir 2002:45)

15. Personal communications (letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, etc.) • Do not include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only: o Archibald Leach (personal communication, December 16, 2014)

16. Lecture notes • Do not cite lecture notes. Either present information from classes as your own knowledge or ask the professor where he or she got the information and use that source

17. Online sources • Follows same format as all other sources with a few additional pieces of information required: • 1st line: Author/s; 2nd and subsequent lines: Date, Title, Publication Information, doi or URL. Include a doi (digital object identifier) for online sources. If the doi is unavailable, then the URL is used • The basic rule is that any print source found online is cited in exactly the same manner with the exception of the addition of the doi or URL o If using the URL, the accessed date is required

OC Library 2 Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016)

EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES AND CITATIONS IN TEXT See the sample reference list on page 6.

Type of Resource Citation Style for References Page Parenthetical Citation in body of paper Drucker, Philip Book, 1965 Cultures of the North Pacific Coast. Scranton, PA: One author (Driver 1965:53) Chandler.

Cole, Douglas and Ira Chaikin 1990 An Iron Hand Upon the People: The Law Against the Book, on the Northwest Coast. Vancouver, BC: Douglas (Cole and Chaikin 1990:15) Two authors & McIntyre.

Hart, C. W. M., Arnold R. Pilling, and Jane C. Goodall Book, 1988 The Tiwi of North Australia 3rd ed. New York: Holt (Hart et al. 2007:11) Three authors Rinehart and Winston.

Bopp, Judy, Michael Bopp, Lee Brown, and Phil Lane Book, 1985 The Sacred Tree. Lethbridge. AB: Four Worlds More than three (Bopp et al. 1985:47) Development Project. authors

Multiple references in Lévi-Strauss, Claude (Lévi-Strauss 1988a:51) the same year 1988a Social Structure. In High Points in Anthropology. Paul (alphabetise by title) Bohannan and Mark Glazer, eds. Pp. 425-458. New York: Works by same author McGraw-Hill. published in same year distinguished by a, b, 1988b The Way of the Masks. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & (Lévi-Strauss 1988b:13) c, following the date McIntyre.

Elder’s Language and Language Advisory Committees (Elder’s Language and Book, 2001 English - Secwepemc Dictionary. Kamloops, BC: Language Advisory Group author Secwepemc Cultural Education Society. Committees 2001:33)

Thomas, Jacob, with Terry Boyle Book, 1994 Teachings from the Longhouse. Toronto: Stoddart. (Thomas 1994:56-57) Author, with others

Culin, Stewart Book, 1992 Games of the North American Indians, vol. 2: Games of Volume in multivolume Skill. Lincoln, NB: University of Press. (Culin 1992:704-705) work

Lévi-Strauss, Claude Book, translation 1987 Anthropology and Myth: Lectures 1952-1982. Roy Willis, (Lévi-Strauss 1987:17) trans. New York: Basil Blackwell. Curtin, J. N.d. Unpublished ethnographic fieldnotes, Modoc and Klamath. Material in Archives Washington, DC: National Anthropological Archives, (Curtin n.d.:53-54) Smithsonian Institution.

Hanna, Darwin and Mamie Henry, eds. 1995 Our Tellings: Interior Salish Stories of the Nlha7kápmx (Hanna and Henry Editor as author People. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press. 1995:22)

Ackerman, Lillian A. 1995 Complementary but Equal: Gender Status in the Plateau. In Chapter in an edited Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein (Ackerman 1995:78) book and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 75-100. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) Citation Style 3

Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016)

Journal article Gumperz, John J. One author 1967 On the Linguistic Markers of Bilingual Communication. (Gumperz 1967:49-50) (Volume + issue Journal of Social Issues 23(2):48-57. number) Pike, Kenneth Journal article 1960 Toward a Theory of Change and Bilingualism. Studies in One author (Pike 1960:6) Linguistics 15:1-7. (Volume number)

Sanderson, Stephen K. and Wesley W. Roberts Journal article 2008 The Evolutionary Forms of the Religious Life: A Cross-Cultural (Sanderson and Roberts Two authors Quantitative Analysis. American 110(4):454-466. 2008: 455)

Schorcht, Blanca Journal article 2002 The Storied World of Harry Robinson: Emerging Special or theme Dialogues. Theme issue, “Perspectives on Aboriginal Culture,” Schorcht 2002:161) issue BC Studies 135:145-162.

Pratt, J. 1999 Review of Paul Bohannan and Dirk van der Elst 1998. Journal article Asking and Listening: Ethnography as Personal Adaptation. (Pratt 1999:165) Review Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. In Journal of Ethnographic Methods 17(3):155-157.

Folger, Tim 2015 Melting Away. National Geographic 228(5):98-119. (Folger 2015:107) Magazine or newspaper article Lucero, Lisa J. Author 2011 An Ancient Watery Underworld. New York Times, May 25:B2 (Lucero 2011:B2)

The Will to Change 2015 National Geographic 228(5):32-63. (Will to Change 2015:47) Magazine or newspaper article Anthropology as a Health Factor (Anthropology as a Health No author 2003 Edmonton Journal, July 14:C1. Factor 2003:C1)

Gatherer, Derek PDF Journal article, 1997 The Evolution of Music: A Comparison of Darwinian and from Internet, Dialectical Methods. Journal of Social and Evolutionary (Gatherer 1997:81) with author and page Systems 20(1):75-92. http://cogprints.org/ 4354/1/jses.pdf, numbers accessed November 27, 2015.

American Anthropological Association 2007 American Anthropological Association’s Executive Board PDF documents Statement on Human Terrain System Project. Arlington, VA: from Internet, (American Anthropology American Anthropological Association. no author or page Association 2007) http://www.aaanet.org/PDF/EB_Resolution_110907.pdf, numbers accessed June 5, 2013.

West, Jim Electronic 2002 Aboriginal Women at the Crossroads. First Nations Drum. document from http://firstnationsdrum.com/Fall2002/polWomen.htm, accessed (West 2002) Internet April 30, 2015

Borofsky, Robert, Fredrik Barth, Richard A. Shweder, Lars Rodseth, and Journal article, Nomi Maya Stolzenberg electronic, full text 2001 When: A Conversation about Culture. American Anthropologist (Borofsky et al. 2001:442) retrieved from a 103(2):432-446. http://www.jstor.org/. database

Fairley, Nancy 2003 Dreaming Ancestors in Eastern Carlina. Journal of Black Journal article Studies 33(5):545-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ (Fairley 2003:553) online 0021934703033005001

Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) Citation Style 4

Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016)

Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) Citation Style 5

Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016) Gorney, Cynthia 2011 Too Young to Wed: The Secret World of Child Brides. Magazine article National Geographic 219(6):78-99. (Gorney 2011:83) online http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/child-brides/gorney- text/2, accessed August 17, 2014.

Lozada, Eriberto P. 2001 God Aboveground: Catholic Church, Postsocialist State, and Transnational Processes in a Chinese Village. Stanford, (Lozada, Eriberto P. eBook online CA: Stanford University Press. 2001:153) http://site.ebrary.com/id/10042899, accessed February 16, 2013.

Blackman, Margaret B. Encyclopaedia 1994 Haida. In Encyclopedia of World Cultures, vol. 1: North article, or other America. Timothy J. O’Leary and David Levinson, eds. Pp. (Blackman 1994:136) reference book 135-137. New York: G. K. Hall.

Heath, J. G. Online 2006 Kinship Expressions and Terms. In Encyclopedia of encyclopaedia or Language and Linguistics. Keith Brown, ed. Pp. 214-217. (Heath 2006:215) dictionary article Boston, MA: Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/

Kramer, Seth, Daniel A. Miller, and Jeremy S. Newberger, Media, dir. and prod. Including DVD, VHS, (Kramer et al. 2007) 2007 The Linguists. 65 min. Ironbound Films. Garrison, NY. Online

Darwin, Charles 1871 The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Secondary source, London: J. Murray. Quoted in William A. Haviland, G. W. (Darwin 1871) edition Crawford, and Shirley A. Fedorak, eds. . 1st Canadian ed. P. 27. Scarborough, ON: Thomson Nelson.

Creator’s name Title of image (Creator’s Date of publication Title of article. Title of Journal vol(#):page name, date of image [may be Images, tables, range. Identifier of image (e.g., Table 3.7) or caption. different from date of charts from a publication]:page number) journal, Moretti, Cristina Creator/author of 2011 The Wandering Ethnographer: Researching and Remnants of a gas storage image known Representing the City through Everyday Encounters. structure in Bovisa, Milan Anthropologica 53(2):245-255. Photograph 1. (Moretti 2009:249)

Creator’s name (may be author of article) Title of image (Creator or Date Title or caption of the image. Title of Journal, if image author’s name date of appears in an online journal. If image was accessed through publication:page number) an online database, list the name of the picture as “From (name of database).” List the format of the image, e.g., JPG, Images, tables, GIF. List the doi or URL of the exact web page where the image charts from the was found. If URL, include in parentheses (accessed month day, Regression of Overall Internet, year) Hunger Scale on Creator/author of Independent Variables for image known Lee, Barrett A. and Meredith J. Greif Total Sample and Chronic 2008 Table 2. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 49(1):3-19. and Transitional Subsamples From JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.okanagan.bc.ca/ (Lee and Greif 2008:12) stable/pdfplus/2763873 (accessed September 21, 2012)

Images, tables, Follow the two examples charts from a above, but include only the Follow the two examples above but put the title or caption of the image in journal or internet, date and page number in the creator’s/author’s place instead of after the date. Creator/author of parentheses image unknown

Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) Citation Style 6

Canadian Anthropology Society Citation Style Guide (Revised 2016) SAMPLE REFERENCE LIST (Note that sources are listed alphabetically by author)

References

Ackerman, Lillian A. 1995 Complementary but Equal: Gender Status in the Plateau. In Women and Power in Native North America. Laura F. Klein and Lillian A. Ackerman, eds. Pp. 75-100. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

American Anthropological Association 2007 American Anthropological Association’s Executive Board Statement on Human Terrain System Project. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association. http://www.aaanet.org/PDF/EB_Resolution_110907.pdf, accessed June 5, 2013.

Borofsky, Robert, Fredrik Barth, Richard A. Shweder, Lars Rodseth, and Nomi Maya Stolzenberg 2001 When: A Conversation about Culture. American Anthropologist 103(2):432- 446. http://www.jstor.org/.

Cole, Douglas and Ira Chaikin 1990 An Iron Hand Upon the People: The Law Against the Potlatch on the Coast. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre.

Culin, Stewart 1992 Games of the North American Indians, vol. 2: Games of Skill. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press.

Elder’s Language and Language Advisory Committees 2001 English - Secwepemc Dictionary. Kamloops, BC: Secwepemc Cultural Education Society.

Gatherer, Derek 1996 The Evolution of Music: A Comparison of Darwinian and Dialectical Methods. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems 20(1):75-92. http://cogprints.org/4354/1/jses.pdf, accessed November 27, 2015.

Heath, J. G. 2006 Kinship Expressions and Terms. In Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Keith Brown, ed. Pp. 214-217. Boston, MA: Elsevier. http://www.sciencedirect.com/.

Kramer, Seth, Daniel A. Miller, and Jeremy S. Newberger, dir. and prod. 2007 The Linguists. 65 min. Garrison, NY: Ironbound Films.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1969 The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

1988a Social Structure. In High Points in Anthropology. Paul Bohannan and Mark Glazer, eds. Pp. 425- 458. New York: McGraw-Hill.

1988b The Way of the Masks. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre.

Moretti, Cristina 2011 The Wandering Ethnographer: Researching and Representing the City through Everyday Encounters. Anthropologica 53(2):245-255. Photograph 1.

The Will to Change 2015 National Geographic 228(5):32-63.

Canadian Anthropology Society (CASCA) Citation Style 7