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Gold Districts of California & Engr TN 2^ C3 A3 NO. 193 C.2 GOLD DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA BULLETIN 193 California Division of Mines and Geology Sacramento, California, 1970 GOLD DISTRICTS OF CALIFORNIA By William B. Clark Geologist, California Division of Mines & Geology, Sacramento, California UNIVERSITY LIBRARY U.C DAVIS '~'^ JUL 'I 'i GOV INFO or"! BULLETIN 193 Geolog/ 95814 The Fricof Nugget. This 201 -ounce (troy) cluster of gold thousand dollars, though iti value at a hbtoricol object crystols Is on display in the Division of Mines and Geology ond museum piece is much more. The nugget is shown here mineral exhibit in San Francisco's Ferry Building. Melted ot slightly less thon holf its actual size. Pho'o by Mary Hill. down as gold, it would be worth tome seven or eight l^y Ronald Reagan, Governor <^.- THE RESOURCES AGENCY U'^IH^Wan B. livermore, Jr., Secretoifx^'; DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIOlf ^ , \, James G. Steorns, Director : ^PiylsJON OF MINES AND GEOlOi^lj 'Itfn Campbell, Sfoie GetJegitf Manuscript submitted for publication 1 963 Some revisions through 1969 SIXTH PRINTING 1 992 FOREWORD This bulletin is an overall guide to the gold deposits in California. Although a vast number of publications have been written on gold and gold mining in California, there is no single report or treatise on all of the knov/n gold-bearing districts in the state. A number of very excellent reports have been written on the gold deposits of certain districts or certain types of deposits within the state, mostly in the Sierra Nevada. Some of these reports are classics now. Among them are J. D. Whitney's 1875 survey of the auriferous gravels of the Sierra Nevada, Lindgren's 1911 professional paper on the Tertiary channels of the Sierra Nevada and the geologic folios of the U. S. Geological Survey by Lindgren (1890s), Turner (1890s), Diller (1900s), and Ransome (1900s). Also of considerable importance are reports on the Mother Lode belt by Knopf and Logan, and reports on the Grass Valley, Alleghany, and Randsburg districts by Johnston, Ferguson and Gannett, and Hulin, respectively. In this bulletin the principal features of each gold-bearing district are described. The longer district descriptions contain sections on the location and extent, history, geology and character of the ore deposits, a list of mines, and a bibliography. Production figures are given whenever possible. Unfortunately, there is scant information available on many important gold mines in the state. The first mention of gold in California was in Las Sergus de Esplandian, a romance published in Spain in 1510, in which "California" was believed to have been a great island north of Mexico where gold and precious stones were abundant. Richard Hakluyt expressed a similar opinion in his The Principall Navigafions Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, published in London in 1589. Hakluyt, in his account of Sir Francis Drake's voyage and 1579 visit to California, stated, "There is no port of the earth here to be taken up wherein there is not a reasonable quantitie of gold and silver". Gold was mined in southern California in the latter part of the 18th and early part of the 19th Centuries under Spanish and Mexican rule, but little has been written on these operations. Soon after the beginning of the gold rush in 1848, many publica- tions were written on various phases of gold mining. The reports of John Trosk, the first State Geologist in 1853-56, described a few important mines. From 1867 to 1876, the U. S. Commissioner of Mineral Statistics prepared reports of mine production and gold-mining activity. The California Mining Bureau, now the California Division of Mines and Geology, was established in 1880, and since then has published a fairly continuous record of gold-mining operations; the later ones appeared in the California Journal of Mines and Geology and the County Report series. The Division has published also a number of bulletins on certain phases of gold mining and reports on various districts and regions. The most popular recent publications are Bulletin 141, Geologic Guidebook along Highway 49—Sierran Gold Belt, The Mother Lode Country, in 1948; and The Elephant as They Saw It, an historical treatise, in 1949. While collecting data for this bulletin, the author became greatly impressed with the vast amount of valuable information that has been amassed by the technical staff of the California Division of Mines and Geology and its predecessor, the California State Mining Bureau. Much of this work was done when this agency had a very small staff and limited funds and when many of the mining districts were accessible only by primitive roads or trails. He would like to pay tribute to a number of former staff members who helped make this bulletin possible. These men worked for this organization during much or all of their professional careers. They were Charles V. Averill, Walter W. Bradley, Fletcher Hamilton, Olaf P. Jenkins, C. McK Laizure, Clarence A. Logan, J. C. O'Brien, Reid J. Sampson, W. H. Storms, W. Burling Tucker, Clarence A. Waring, and Charles G. Yale. In 1969 only Jenkins, O'Brien, and Logan were living. A number of other geologists and mining engineers prepared reports on gold mining or gold districts that were published by this agency. These were E. S. Boalich, Stephen Bowers, Ross E. Browne, Henry DeGroot, J. E. Doolittle, R. L. Dunn, A. S. Eakle, H. W. Fairbanks, W. A. Goodyear, C. S. Haley, John Hays Hammond, Paul Henshaw, J. B. Hobson, Emile Huguenin, C. D. Hulin, Charles Janin, Errol MacBoyle, F. J. H. Merrill, E. B. Preston, and W. B. Winston. Tribute also is paid to the U. S. Geological Survey, especially to the three men of that organization who did a vast amount of pioneer work in the Mother Lode region of the Sierra Nevada: Waldemar Lindgren, F. L. Ransome, and H. W. Turner. Others of the Geological Survey who have contributed to knowledge of California's gold deposits have been John Albers, Josiah S. Diller, H. G. Ferguson, D. F. Hewitt, J. M. Hill, W. D. Johnston, Jr., Adolph Knopf, S. C. Creasy, R. W. Gannett, W. Yeend, and L. Noble. During the preparation of this bulletin, the author visited nearly all the districts. At some, only a general reconnaissance was made, but at others all of the important mines were visited. Little detailed geologic mapping was done, but efforts were made in a number of districts to determine the nature and extent of the mineralized zones and vein systems. The publications and files of the California Division of Mines and Geology and the United States Geological Survey, including the folios of the Geologic Atlas of the United States, were important sources of information. The U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 507, The Mining Disfricfs of fhe Western United States (Hill, 1912), was a special source of data. Information on the earlier history of individual districts is found in the reports of the Commissioner of Mining Statistics of the U. 5. Treasury Department (Browne, 1868, and Raymond, 1869-76). Other publications that were consulted included the Mining and Scientific Press, Engineering and Mining Journal, U. S. Bureau of Mines reports and records, and private reports. Some county records were examined. The author was assisted by the following persons who reviewed chapters on certain districts: John Albers, C. A. Bennett, O. E. Bowen, Clarence Carlson, F. F. Davis, Willard Fuller, Earl Hart, Paul Morton, B. W. Troxel, F. H. Weber, and John Wells. Credit is also given to the large number of mine owners and operators, mining engineers, and miners with whom the author became acquainted. The maps and other drawings were drafted by Hugo H. Hawkins, of the Division of Mines and Geology drafting section. 59 CONTENTS Page District County Page FOREWORD iii Coulterville _ AAariposa 41 Cove Kern ABSTRACT xi 42 Crescent Mills _.PIutnas „ 42 INTRODUCTION 1 Damascus... Placer 42 HISTORY OF GOLD MINING IN CALIFORNIA 2 Deer Creek _EI Dorado 43 Deer Valley El Dorado Famous Gold Nuggets 9 43 Diamond AAountain. Lassen 43 Famous High-Grade Pockets - 10 Dobbins Yuba 44 DISTRIBUTION OF GOLD. 11 Down ievi I le Sierra 44 SIERRA NEVADA PROVINCE 15 Duncan Peak Placer 44 Dutch Flat Placer 45 Geology 1 El Dorado El Dorado 45 Lode Deposits 1 Emigrant Gap Placer _ 45 Placer Deposits 15 English Mountain Nevada 46 Erskine Creek Kern 46 Count/ Page District Eureka _Sierra 46 ...Sierra 1 Alleghany Fairplay El Dorado 46 Alto _ Calaveras 24 Fiddletown Amador 46 Tuolumne 24 American Camp.. Fine Gold Madera 47 American Hill ..._Sierra 25 Folsom Sacramento . 47 Angels Camp .... Calaveras. 25 Forbestown Butte . 48 Badger Hill .....Nevada 28 Forest Hill Placer . 49 Bagby... Mariposa 29 French Corral Nevada . 50 Bangor-Wyandotte Butte .-. 29 Fresno River Madera - 50 Bidv/ell Bar Butte 29 Friant _ Fresno . 50 Big Creek... Fresno 30 Genesee.... Plumas . 51 Big Dry Creek. Fresno — 30 Georgetown ..El Dorado . 51 Big Oak Flat Tuolumne 30 Gibsonville Sierra . 51 Bishop Creek Inyo 30 Globe Tulare . 52 Blue Mountain Calaveras 31 Gold Run Placer . 52 Blue Tent Nevada 31 Granite Basin Butte-Plumas . 52 Brandy City Sierra 31 Granite Springs ...Mariposa-Tuolumne . 53 Brown's Valley Yuba 31 Granifeville Nevada - 53 Brownsvil le Yuba 31 Grass Valley Nevada . 53 Buckeye Mariposa 32 Gravel Range _ Mariposa-Tuolumne . _ 60 Butte Creek Butte 32 Greenhorn Mountain. Kern — . 60 Butt Valley Plumas 32 Greenwood El Dorado — . 60 Calaveritas Calaveras 33 Grizzly Flat. ...-EI Dorado — . 61 Camanche-Lancha Plana....Amador, Calaveras, San Grub Gulch Madera - 62 Joaquin.. 33 Hammonton —Yuba . 62 Campo Seco-Valley Hardin Flat... _ Tuolumne . 63 Springs Calaveras 33 Hildreth Madera — .
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