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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ Bc. Jan ŠŤÁSEK MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA V BRNĚ Přírodovědecká fakulta Geografický ústav Bc. Jan ŠŤÁSEK PROBLEMATICKÁ AUTONOMIE? VÝVOJ GRÓNSKO-DÁNSKÝCH VZTAHŦ Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Petr Daněk, Ph.D. _________________________________________________________________________ Brno 2011 Jméno a příjmení autora: Bc. Jan Šťásek Název diplomové práce: Problematická autonomie? Vývoj grónsko- dánských vztahů Název diplomové práce anglicky: Contentious Autonomy? Development of Greenland-Danish Relations Studijní program: Geografie, magisterský studijní program Studijní obor (směr), kombinace oborů: Regionální geografie a regionální rozvoj Školitel: RNDr. Petr Daněk, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2011 Anotace Vývoj grónsko-dánských vztahů ovlivnilo mnoho procesů. Důleţitost spatřuji v přebírání pravomocí grónskou vládou od dánské strany, které popisuje tato práce. V současnosti je nejmarkantnějším rysem vztahu obou zemí finanční závislost Grónska na Dánsku, jejíţ důvody tato práce rovněţ obsahuje. Budoucí vývoj statutu Grónska skýtá několik moţností. Všechny tyto varianty moţného rozvoje Grónska ovlivní vývoj v podobných autonomních územích. Jednou z nejdiskutovanějších moţností je nezávislost. Annotation There were a lot of processes that influenced the development of Greenland-Danish relations. In my view, the importance plays the assuming of authority by Greenland government from Danish side which the thesis deals with. Nowadays, the most noticeable feature of both countries is the financial dependence of Greenland on Denmark. Moreover, this thesis also refers to these reasons. The future development of Greenland opens several possibilities. All of these options of possible development of Greenland will influence the development at similar autonomous territories. One of the most discussed possibilities is independence. Klíčová slova v češtině: Grónsko-dánské vztahy, autonomie, samospráva, přebírání pravomocí, nezávislost, grónská vláda Klíčová slova v angličtině: Greenland-Danish relations, autonomy, self- government,overtaking authority, independence, Greenland government Masarykova univerzita Přírodovědecká fakulta ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE Student: Jan Šťásek Studijní program: Geografie a kartografie Studijní obor: Regionální geografie a regionální rozvoj Ředitel Geografického ústavu Přírodovědecké fakulty MU Vám ve smyslu Studijního a zkušebního řádu MU určuje diplomovou práci s tématem: Problematická autonomie? Vývoj grónsko-dánských vztahŧ Contentious Autonomy? Development of Greenland-Denmark Relations Zásady pro vypracování: Cílem práce je přiblíţení diskuse o postavení Grónska v rámci Dánského království. Osnova: 1. Diskuse literatury o vztazích mezi Grónskem a Dánskem. 2. Metodika práce (diskuse sekundárních pramenů, analýza tisku, moţnost vlastního kvalitativního výzkumu). 3. Teoretické přístupy k chápání "autonomie" v mezinárodních vztazích. 4. Historie vývoje vztahů mezi Grónskem a Dánskem. 5. Přehled současné diskuse o reformě/změně autonomie Grónska (představení názorů více stran). 6. Komparace vztahu Grónsko - Dánsko s jinými typy vztahu mezi "mateřskou zemí" a zámořskými územími, z hlediska mezinárodních vztahů (např. Francie – zámořské departmenty, Kanada - Nunavut). 7. Scénáře budoucího vývoje grónsko-dánských vztahů, a jejich důsledky (pro ţivot v Grónsku i Dánsku; moţnost srovnání s vývojem v Kanadě před a po udělení autonomie pro Nunavut). 8. Reflexe diskuse o reformě vztahu z pohledu obyvatel (vlastní průzkum - zaloţený buď na rozhovorech s obyvateli nebo analýze tisku). 9. Závěr - shrnutí hlavních poznatků. Rozsah grafických prací: podle potřeby Rozsah průvodní zprávy: cca 70-80 stran Seznam odborné literatury: Loukacheva, N. (2007) The Artic Promise. Legal and Political Autonomy of Greenland and Nunavut. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Petersen, R. (1995) Colonialism as seen from a former colonized area. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Vedoucí diplomové práce: RNDr. Petr Daněk, Ph.D. Podpis vedoucího práce: .............................................................. Datum zadání diplomové práce: září 2009 Datum odevzdání diplomové práce: do 15. května 2011 RNDr. Vladimír Herber, CSc. pedagogický zástupce ředitele ústavu Zadání práce převzal(a): ........................................................... dne ...................................... Prohlašuji, ţe jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně pod vedením RNDr. Petr Daněk, Ph.D. a uvedl jsem v seznamu literatury veškerou pouţitou literaturu a zdroje. V Brně dne ............................................... vlastnoruční podpis autora Tímto bych chtěl poděkovat hlavně RNDr. Petru Daňkovi, Ph.D. za rady a postřehy k mé práci, jeţ pro mě znamenaly výzvu a pomohly tuto práci posunout dále. Dále bych chtěl poděkovat Larsi Pedersenovi z Grónského statistického úřadu, za pomoc při vyhledávání dat. Mé díky patří také Mattalit Nilsen, která mi pomohla při získávání mnoha informací o Grónsku. Děkuji také své rodině a přítelkyni za neustálou podporu. OBSAH 1 ÚVOD ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Cíl práce .................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Metodika zpracování a pouţitá data ........................................................................ 9 1.3 Seznam zkratek ..................................................................................................... 10 2 DISKUSE LITERATURY ......................................................................................... 11 3 POPIS GRÓNSKA ..................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Populační vývoj ..................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Správní členění a systém osídlení ......................................................................... 18 3.3 Politický systém .................................................................................................... 20 3.4 Ekonomika ............................................................................................................ 21 3.5 Členství v mezinárodních institucích .................................................................... 24 4 AUTONOMIE ............................................................................................................. 25 4.1 Stát a teritoriální autonomie .................................................................................. 25 4.2 Právo na sebeurčení ............................................................................................... 26 4.3 Domorodé skupiny obyvatel ................................................................................. 27 4.4 Vývoj autonomie v mezinárodním právu .............................................................. 28 4.5 Konkrétní právní dokumenty zabývající se autonomií ......................................... 29 5 HISTORIE GRÓNSKO-DÁNSKÝCH VZTAHŦ ................................................... 31 5.1 Dánská koloniální éra ............................................................................................ 31 5.2 Sílící dánský vliv a reformní období na přelomu 19. a 20. století ........................ 31 5.3 Období druhé světové války a poválečné období ................................................. 32 5.4 Reformy v 50. letech 20. století ............................................................................ 33 5.5 Rozhodování o budoucím směřování Grónska ..................................................... 34 5.6 Cesta k ustavení autonomie v roce 1979 ............................................................... 34 5.7 Autonomie a finanční závislost na Dánsku ........................................................... 35 5.8 Situace na začátku 21. století ................................................................................ 36 6 SROVNÁNÍ S JINÝMI AUTONOMNÍMI ÚZEMÍMI .......................................... 38 6.1 Nunavut ................................................................................................................. 38 6.1.1 Administrativní dělení a politika ................................................................... 40 6.1.2 Současná pozice a budoucí vývoj .................................................................. 42 6.2 Faerské ostrovy ..................................................................................................... 42 6.2.1 Autonomie ..................................................................................................... 42 6.2.2 Administrativní dělení a politika ................................................................... 43 6.2.3 Současná pozice ............................................................................................. 44 6.2.4 Moţnosti budoucího vývoje ........................................................................... 45 6.3 Ålandy ................................................................................................................... 46 6.3.1 Vznik autonomie, administrativní dělení a politika ....................................... 46 6.3.2 Vstup do EU ................................................................................................... 47 6.3.3 Současný stav a budoucí vývoj ...................................................................... 47 6.4 Island ....................................................................................................................
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