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Western Kansas Country Schools. Country School Legacy: Humanities on The-Frontier

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Western Kansas Country Schools. Country School Legacy: Humanities on The-Frontier DOCUMENT RESUME ED 218 047 AUTHOR Jones; Donna R. TITLE _Western Kansas Country Schools. Country School Legacy: Humanities on the-Frontier. INSTITUTION Mountain Plains Library Association, Silt, Colo. Country-School-Legacy-Projeci. SPONS- AGENCY Nationdl Endowment for the, Humnities. (NFA19, WashingtOn, D.C. PUB RATE 82- NOTE For related documents, see RC 013 456-459, ED 21I-243?=.254,-/and.ED 211 266=280. EDRS ;PRICE MFOI/PC04. PluS -Postage. .DESCRIPTORS Batic Skills; Conumunity* Centers; Cultural Background; Ciirricultiral, '*Educaticinal History; :Elementary Secondary; ,Education ;i_*Ethnic Groups; Handwriting Instruction-; LingUagle-SkillS;"MathematiCi _ Instruction; Oral Rifstori; Parochial Schools;- Publit SdhoOlShRedding Instruction; *Rural Schools; School- BiiiidIngt 4SChOcil,CoMMartystRilationihip; SMall / Hchopit; *Teachert,. : -IDENtiFIEkS *Country- School Legacy Project; Historic Sites; -*Kansas ' ABSTRACT Oral histories-Kovide background information for five eSsays -which -address the development of country schools in Western .Famsas during the late 1800'S.- The first paper provides a 'hiStorical review of the 'founding of country schools in'Wetern Kansas, with Specific country schools (Many are now historical sites) desciibed. The..secoa:1-paper'poetrays country schools as being the heartb:f the rural community where potluck_dinners, minstrel- shows, 4-i41 Club meetings, literary meets, church and Sunday school, tell jmes and:Most other community activities_ were held.Teachers their roles", rulet_r-and-regulations are reviewed in the third paper. The basics, reading, mriting-, arithMetic, and recitation, which were stressed in the country-school, are presented in the fOurth paper via stories dealing with the early. Classrooms .hnd instructi6nal materials. The last paper portrays the-public and paroOlial country school as one of the major'elements in Western Kansas that helped 'immigrants learn American customs, history, language, and patriotism. AMOng.the ethnic groups discufied are; American_ Indians,\ VOlga"permans (German Russians), Blacks, French, Swedes,*ennonites, and-CzechosloVakians. Appended to the second papei is a list of:the 104 historic site foims completed and a list of 35 oral interviewees. (AH) **********************************************************i***********.* * Reproductions supplied by',EDRS are the best that can be made from the oeiginal document. *********************************************************************** Ca' COUNTRY.SCHOOLLEGACY4 Humanities on the Frontier r-4 WESTERN KANSAS COUNTRY SCHOOLS "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Donna R. Jones, Director Pioneer Memorial .Library (44tA) COlby, Kansas 6.elico/opyar . '40 THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC/ /Thisdocument has been reproduced as received horn the person or organanon originating n Minor changes'hav'e been made toimprove reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in thisdocu mem do not necessardy represent official NIE, positron or policy F 1981-82 Funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities Sponsored by the Mountain Plains Library Association_ c. ,,er40 ; COVNTRY SCHOOL LEGACY ADMINISTRATIVE STAPP i-Mect Director: Andrew Gutilford Colorado Mountain College/Silt Elementary School Silt. ColoradO MedIRI sor astute!! Teeuwen Photo America Port Collin*. Coidntdo Exhibits Director: Berkeley Lobinov .Denver. Colorado Fiscal Ailant Joseph Edelen- tAr..leas Library 'University ol spun, DaXoto yermiliktn. south akotn 1 COUNTRY SCHOOL LEGACY: HUMANITIES-ON_ THE FRONTIER The,Maintain:plal Library AtksoClation pleased to be Involved In Jilts prc4&t docurifentl the country school experienee:Funding of this project from the Natiodal Endowment -for,the Humanitie* cot!tsharing and other contributions enabled us iiit;to,work with the several statebaied Humanities Cnnitteei Wit 'iyellas plank-Other:kale and local-librariesotgetrIes and -Interesterfcittient,Wd are deeply Irribreisecl- not ortlybYonly the enthuslasrn for this work by all concerned bat by the of experience brought to bear l In focusing anentiod on-and recapturing-this Important pert of history. and hó av we got here.Ltrhis project seems ID identify Manyof the roots and -charac- ter_fcrrnailon" of ix;f:itocial. politiriarand:econamic institutions In the-West. Aiready the MainI project ootactive, SCCOS to be met stimulating library usage and Increasing- Circulation of historical and hamariltIeS Materials in this region. Fuliiic interest iskising In regionSiOaie and local hiss-irk:Ora_ I htionryttrograms are In-Creasing N4Ith greater public participation. 'nit study Ogenerbiagy-and the search, for thIsinforraittions causing much Interest in consultingand pretterVing4Terical Material* What hail been ironed herewill not end wit this firoie_ct.', Immediate kta tpiir,the entire region and be thltIla for PdY*SOVeititt the Pi'Offrern: filin. phorexhIbit. There will bemoredikus. ot-rinir action An -the. Isaacs InVolVIrig the hunianItiel and public. poi le* pail-and presenL The MountalrfPiains UbrarY-Asaociatk>n is proud-to a partner In this, ivorit theCountrySchool Legacy. and ItarontributIon er. standing humanitivi en the frontik I JiicePhAnitersOn Nevada MateLibianan Past President Plebes Ubrary Association 3 ,BEST AILA J nnA. d°11eia VEc1981 6"--) Eittc. IkECIO\IP --'c>4eeetZ4.0" COUNTRY SCHOOLS AS HISTORIC SITES Country schools beamed throughout the prairie of, westernKansas as beacons of hope for a better, richer life for the childrenof .the early settlers. Schools were named for families in an area, the dreamsof settlers, apimals in an area, Biblical terms, Biblicalcharacters, , historical terms, old communities that used to benear sites of schools and much more. Significant names include &gavel', Buzzard's Roost, Mt. Olive, Monticello, Soddy; Union, Pleasant Ridge, Pleasant Hill,.Antelope, Prairie Rose, Gem, Center, Lone Star, North Star, South Star, Sunflower, Spring Branchand Olive Branch, to name but a few. Settlers came to western Kansas in the late 1880's. Most established homesteads and then turned their attention to building schoolsfor their children. The pioneer dream was for the children to have abetter life than their-parimts through education. The first schools in"Kansas were taught by missionaries.The Indian pupils had teachers such as Reverend Isaac McCoy,Jatham Meeker and his 1 wife. In 1885 the First Territorial Legislature passeda law to establish 2 "common Schools and thus laid the foundation forour public school system.'" '.Anna E. Arnold, A History of Kansas (Topeka: The Stateof Kansas, 1919)',P. 49.- 2 Ibid., p. 187. 1- 2 In 1859 the Kansas Legislature passed-basicschool laws tat are our foundation..for today's system. The minimum school termwas3.months.3 Many of the first schoolsin Kansas were subscription schools where etudents paid tuition to providea salary for the teacher and whatever other school expenses there might le. The Cameron story is typical of how subscription schools began. The Cam6ron family moved to- Kansas in May, 1878,to homestead land inNorton County, 'After buildinga house and a community house for church, one of the first topicswas school.How- ever, money was a problem because the area they livedin was near the Norton and Decatur county line,so funding would be difficult; and since Decatur County was not organized until 1879no school could bestarted. In the early fall a meeting, of 5 heads of theirhouseholds was held at Captain Hif4ason's home. Each man wanted thaschoolnear his home, and they didn' know how they would paythe teacher. The meeting ended inan argument, and all left with bad feelings.'It was not until the winter of 1879'that educationwas discuseed.-In 1879 there was a. ,/ subscription school started in'Roderick Cameron's home.Miss Gettys was the teacher in Clayton, but the school only lasted.3months. FaMilies couldn't pay the $1 a month.' Education started in Decatur County when Mrs. GeorgeMiller taught neighbor children in her home. In the winter of 1877-78 a subscription school was taught by Mr. Cabot Miller, with 30pupils attending. Miss Ella Van Cleve taught the nextsummer. Then twelve school districts were organized in the county February 3, 1879.Most of these early Decatur . 3Ibid. Rode:rick Cameron, Pioneer Days in Kansas, AHomesteader's Narrative oflarly Settlement and Farm Developmenton the High Plains Country of Northwest Kansas Selleyille, Kansas:. CaMeron Book CoMpany, 1951), pp. 48-59. 5 te. _ , s County schools were made of foga., By:playi 1863, over 16,00013upileWere attending 500common Kansas ; 6 schools withalmost,600 teachers.- In 1882 there were 269,916 children enrolled in school for an average term of 5.7 months, with 3,342-male teachers- and: female teachers.7Moat of these early schools didn't have chairs or desks. Many of the benches lacked a badk. According to school di-atria-laws:,"The State establishes' free schools for the sake of securing good citizens. No one can. be aood citizen unless he has a fair understanding, at least, of the workings 8 of his own government -- t e machinery of public affairs.q The County Superintendent. of Public Instruction created school districts and had the power to revise boundaries as necessary., Each district had to have at least fifteen persons under twenty and over five _years of gage. Bonds"for a district couldn't "exceed five percent of the valuation of all property on the tax rolls."The
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