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South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa On-Site Surveys

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South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa On-Site Surveys South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa On-Site Surveys Not for citation without permission May 2015 Fisheries Victoria Internal Report Series No. 60 South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa on-site surveys Kylie Hall, Khageswor Giri and Keith Jones May 2015 Fisheries Victoria Internal Report Series No. 60 Published by the Victorian Government, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources (DEDJTR), May 2015. © The State of Victoria, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources Melbourne 2015 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Victorian Government, 1 Spring Street, and Melbourne. Printed by DEDJTR Queenscliff, Victoria. Preferred way to cite this publication: Hall K, Giri K and Jones K (2015). South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa on-site surveys. Fisheries Victoria Internal Report Series No 60. Author Contact Details: Kylie Hall Fisheries Management and Science Branch, Fisheries Victoria PO Box 114, Queenscliff Vic 3225 Copies are available from the website www.depi.vic.gov.au/fishing For more information contact the DEPI Customer Service Centre 136 186 Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence, which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Accessibility If you would like to receive this publication in an accessible format, such as large print or audio, please telephone 136 186, or email [email protected] Deaf, hearing impaired or speech impaired? Call us via the National Relay Service on 133 677 or visit www.relayservice.com.au This document is also available in PDF format on the internet at www.depi.vic.gov.au South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013/14 – Goolwa on-site surveys ii Executive Summary This report details catch and effort data collected from an on-site survey of recreational pipi fishers in the Goolwa region during daylight hours over the fishery open season period from December 2013 to May 2014. These data are scaled up to provide a total recreational catch estimate for the 2013-14 fishing season. The estimated number of pipi caught during the 2013-14 fishing season was 3.24 million (± 1.09 standard error) and the estimated weight of the pipi harvest was 33 tonnes (± 11.00 SE). South Australian Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa on-site surveys iii South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013/14 – Goolwa on-site surveys iv Contents Executive Summary iii Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 2 Recreational fishing survey 2 Analyses 4 Results 5 Discussion 11 Acknowledgements 12 References 13 Appendix 1 – Google map topographic images of survey site locations from West to East, Middleton Beaches, Goolwa Beaches, and Sir Richard Peninsula Beaches, South Australia 14 List of Tables Table 1. Postcode groupings to identify area of primary residence of fishers. 5 Table 2. Estimated fisher days. 7 Table 3. Estimated pipi count. 7 Table 4. Estimated pipi weight. 8 List of Figures Figure 1. Map of the Southern Fleurieu Peninsula region of South Australia, showing the Murray River Mouth and on-site survey region at Goolwa. 2 Figure 2. Area of primary residence of main fishers. 5 Figure 3. Area of primary residence of all fishers. 6 Figure 4. Gender of all fishers. 6 Figure 5. Intended use of harvested pipi as reported by the main fisher, by area of residence of main fisher. 7 Figure 6. Size distribution (% frequency) of pipi from Fishery Independent (FI) sampling and harvested catches (Chapman Road Beach (Area A), and Tahiti Terrace Beach (Area B), Middleton combined). Note: LML is 35 mm. 8 Figure 7. Size distribution (% frequency) of pipi from Fishery Independent (FI) sampling and harvested catches (Bradford Road Beach, Goolwa, Area C). Note: LML is 35 mm. 9 Figure 8. Size distribution (% frequency) of pipi from Fishery Independent (FI) sampling and harvested catches (Main Beach, Goolwa). Note: LML is 35 mm. 9 Figure 9. Size distribution (% frequency) of pipi from Fishery Independent (FI) sampling and harvested catches (Goolwa Barrage Beach (Area D) and Beacon 19 Beach (Area E), Sir Richard Peninsula combined). Note: LML is 35 mm. 10 South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013/14 – Goolwa on-site surveys v South Australian Recreational Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013/14 – Goolwa on-site surveys vi Introduction The South Australian Government relies on regular estimates of recreational catches to assist: allocation of resource shares between sectors monitoring of compliance within these allocations assessment of the impact of recreational fishing on the State’s aquatic resources. Obtaining statistically robust recreational catch estimates for species that have a significant land based access component with a limited geographical distribution, such as pipi (Plebidonax deltoides), predominantly harvested in the Goolwa region of South Australia is challenging. This is principally due to the low fisher sample size in the diary survey technique used for state-wide estimates of total recreational catch for other recreationally harvested species. Previous surveys using the diary survey method (2000-01 and 2007-08) found that the number of pipi fishers sampled was low and, consequently, the precision of the catch and effort estimates for pipi was poor. A more cost-effective and statistically robust way to measure the land based recreational catch of a geographically ‘localised’ species such as pipi, is to conduct on-site surveys. Targeted on-site angler survey methods are more efficient than off-site methods and will improve the precision of total catch and effort estimates. On-site pipi angler interview (creel) surveys were designed for the Goolwa region with the aim of providing a statistically robust estimate of the total recreational catch and effort of pipi harvested during the 2013-14 pipi season in daylight hours from Goolwa Beach and adjacent beaches at Middleton and the Sir Richard Peninsula. Plebidonax deltoides, commonly known as pipi in the South-eastern Australian states or Goolwa cockle in South Australia, is a small, edible saltwater clam or marine bivalve mollusc of the family Donacidae, endemic to Australia. It was previously known as Donax deltoides. Other names include Coorong cockle, ugari and eugarie. Pipi are found from the Eyre Peninsula to Kingston in South Australia, to Fraser Island in Queensland, and Tasmania. The Younghusband Peninsula (Coorong Beach) in South Australia is the site of the largest stock abundance in Australia where pipi make up 85% of the total benthic biomass. The Sir Richard Peninsula (Goolwa Beach) and Younghusband Peninsula sand dunes are composed mainly of pipi shell fragments that have accumulated over the last 6,600 years. Pipi live in high-energy beaches, the juveniles in the intertidal zone and the adults in the subtidal zone. Their strong muscular foot is used to burrow into the sand to an average depth of 10.0 cm and they ingest through filter-feeding. Pipi require high wave-energy environments as the surf concentrates their primary dietary source (phytoplankton) and increases the oxygen concentration in the water. Pipi mature at approximately one year of age and they live from four to five years reaching a maximum size of 8.0 cm. In South Australia, pipi were primarily used as bait and it was not until Italian immigrants introduced vongole into restaurants in the 1990s that prices increased, making them viable for commercial fishing, which commenced in 2004. Imported Asian cockles have largely replaced the Goolwa pipi as bait, due to lower costs, and recreational harvesting has gained popularity for consumption. Regulations relating to the recreational harvesting of pipi in South Australia include: a closed season for the take of pipi from 1 June to 31 October a minimum legal length (3.5 cm — widest part of the shell measured) a personal daily bag limit of 300 a possession limit of 1200. Recreational fishers harvest pipi using cockle rakes, bait spades, bait forks or collect by hand. Fishing is tidally limited, as it is essentially a beach fishery, mostly accessible around low tide, with minimal night-time take. PIRSA Biosecurity does regular tests on pipi for E. coli — if concentrations reach above what is permitted, beaches are closed to both recreational and commercial pipi harvesting. During the 2013-14 season, testing was also undertaken for diarrhetic shellfish toxins. South Australian Pipi Fishery Estimates of Harvest 2013-14 – Goolwa on-site surveys 1 Materials and Methods Recreational fishing survey From previous surveys and expert advice it is known that the effort in the recreational pipi fishery is highest around the Murray River Mouth, specifically at the Goolwa Town Beach and adjacent beaches at Middleton and the Sir Richard Peninsula. From the Goolwa Town Beach carpark at Beach Road, access to Sir Richard Peninsula Beach is both by 4 wheel drive (4WD) from the Beach Road carpark as well as walking tracks from the Barrage and Beacon 19 carparks, through sand dunes to the beach. Relatively little pipi harvesting effort occurs east of the Beacon 19 ocean beach to the Murray Mouth. The closed season, and the tidal influences on the fishery, along with the majority of the harvest being taken during daylight hours determined the choice of survey type to best estimate the recreational harvest and effort of the pipi fishery from Goolwa Beach and the adjacent beaches at Middleton and the Sir Richard Peninsula (Figure 1).
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