Meter Interoperability Standards and Protocols to Ensure a Unified Industry

METERING INDIA 24 TH APRIL 2009

MeterMeter InteroperabilityInteroperability StandardsStandards andand ProtocolsProtocols toto ensureensure aa unifiedunified industryindustry

M.PRADISH V.SHIVAKUMAR V.ARUNACHALAM CENTRAL POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE BENGALURU

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 1 CONTENTS

1. THE METERING, BILLING & COLLECTION 2. THE DRIVERS 3. THE NEED FOR UNIFIED APPROACH 4. FALL OUT 5. METRS THAT MATTER 6. MOP COMMITTEE -1 7. A COMPARISON 8. 7. IEC 62056 – DLMS / COSEM –A Overview 9. HLC RECOMMENDATION 10.MOP COMMITTEE - 2 11. PARAMETER STANDARDISATION – EXCERPTS 12.CPRI TEST FACILITY

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 2 METERING BILLING COLLECTION – MBC

MANUAL 1. MECHANICAL METERS

2. TIME CONSUMING

3. HUMAN ERROR

4. SCALE OF OPERATION

5. EFFICIENCY - LESS

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 3 METERING BILLING COLLECTION – MBC

SEMI AUTOMATIC 1. ELECTRONIC METERS

2. BETTER ACCURACY

3. MORE DATA

4. PROPRIETARY PROTOCOL

5. CMRI DOWNLOADS

6. REMOTE READING

7. EFFICIENCY – IMPROVEMENT

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 4 THE DRIVERS

AMBIENCE TECHNOLOGY INDIAN ELECTRICITY ACT COMPUTING PLATFORMS OPEN ACCESS MEASURING TECHNOLOGY DE -REGULATION INTERFACING REFORMS NETWORKING ENERGY CONSERVATION ACT IT ENABLING COMMUNICATION

THE STANDARDS THE NEED OPEN SYSTEMS DATA / INFORMATION COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS – CUSTOMER INFORMATION ACCESS – MANAGEMENT – OPERATION HISTORICAL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 5 THE NEED FOR UNIFIED APPROACH

RR--APDRPAPDRP InitiativesInitiatives – IT enabling – 100 % Metering – Reduction Losses – Advanced Metering technology

MeterMeter datadata isis becomingbecoming vitalvital part part in in deciding deciding manymany of of the the performance performance and and planning planning parametersparameters envisagedenvisaged underunder RAPDRP.RAPDRP.

ManyMany ofof utilitiesutilities areare lookinglooking forfor automationautomation ofof MBCMBC

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 6 FALL OUT

AMR IMPEDIMENTS

1. NO COMMON METER READING PROTOCOL

2. INDIAN POWER NETWORK – MANY MANUFACTURERS – MANY COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.

3. NON AVAILABILITY OF PROTOCOL INFORMATION

4. INTEGRATION ISSUES - DIFFERENT MAKE METERS AT THE FIELD LEVEL.

Proprietary solutions are reported to be successful in clusters

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 7 METERS THAT MATTER

SS Meters – 11/33/66/110/220/400 kV

BOUNDARY / BANK METERS - ABT

HIERARCHICAL HT DATA HT ROUTING D C&I NETWORK

HOST DTR M2 M4 LT

OTHERS M1 M3

A BJ/KJ

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 8 THE APPROACH for a scalable solution Homogeneity at meter end Accessibility at all times Interoperability

Choose OPEN PROTOCOL - A General practice

METER WITH HOST STANDARD PROTOCOL

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 9 MOP Committee - 1

MOP commissioned a high level committee to recommend the suitable OPEN protocol With Member CEA as Chairman and members drawn from CPRI, NTPC, IEEMA, Utilities,

IEC 62056 – DLMS / COSEM ANSI C12.xx MODBUS

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 10 The MODBUS is also a widely used, time tested open protocol but specifically developed for process instrumentation and control. It is relatively easy to implement and hence is chosen by a few meter manufacturers in India. This protocol lacks the IT oriented approach offered by the IEC counterpart. A considerable standardization effort is required for making this to meet the requirements for metering purpose.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 11 The ANSI is also an open protocol specifically devised for Metering purpose. It is similar to that of IEC 62056. This is widely used in North America. Many provisions in ANSI are available in IEC. The availability of a Conformance test Tool is not known because of which the implementations cannot be verified as of now.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 12 The IEC 62056 is an open protocol exclusively evolved for Metering purpose. It operates at meter level. A wide range of data types like Instantaneous values, Tariff readings, Parameter profiles, Demand values etc can be read either selectively or in groups. The parameters are identified through unique codes. The protocol can work with many common communication medium. The protocol implementation can be verified for conformance with the dedicated test tool which is available with CPRI since 2004.

India has been aligning with IEC for standardization. In the present effort to bring in uniform protocol and based on the relative merits and demerits, IEC 62056 protocol would become the natural choice for metering purposes in India.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 13 IEC 62056 (dlms) FEATURES ADOPTED BY IEC

OBJECT MODELLING - COmpanion Specification for Energy Metering [COSEM] DATA IDENTIFICATION – Object Identification System [OBIS] & IC

MEASUREMENT COMPUTATION COMMUNICATION

METER

INSTANTANEOUS VALUES MANDATORY OBJECTS PROFILES ADDITIONAL OBJECTS TARIFF READINGS POWER QUALITY PARAMETERS AND OTHERS 01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 14 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA OverviewOverview

Steady state values - Instantaneous Dynamic values - Profiles Harmonics - Power Quality Import / Export - Four Quadrant Event recording / reporting Time Stamping Unit & Scaler representation Unique identification codes Country / Manufacturer specific codes Large number of codes In built support for common communication profiles Access and Data Security Interoperable

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 15 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA OverviewOverview

ItIt isis aa protocolprotocol standardstandard forfor MeteringMetering datadata AdoptableAdoptable forfor allall EnergyEnergy –– ElectricityElectricity // WaterWater // GasGas UniqueUnique codescodes forfor parametersparameters (Objects)(Objects) StandardizedStandardized 33 --layerlayer architecturearchitecture consistingconsisting ofof – COSEM Application Layer – HDLC Data Link Layer – Physical Layer

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 16 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA Overview..contdOverview..contd

THE THREE LAYERS

COSEM – CO mpanion Standard For Energy Metering - Association, Request/Response handling

HDLC – Addressing, Data integrity and verification, Flow Control, Sequencing

Physical Layer – Communication services

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 17 OBISOBIS CodesCodes -- exampleexample

1.1.1.8.2.2551.1.1.8.2.255

Current

Rate : 2

Processing type : Time integral 1

Base quantity : Active Power+

Channel : 1

Medium : Electricity

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 18 OBISOBIS CodesCodes -- exampleexample

A = 1 B = 1 S Active C = 1 Power +

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 19 OBISOBIS CodesCodes -- exampleexample

C = 2: rate 2 Interface class = 3

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 20 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA Overview..contdOverview..contd

OVERVIEW OF INTERFACE CLASSES

Data (IC : 1) Association Clock IEC local port TCP-UDP Register (IC : 3) SN (IC : 12) (IC : 8) setup(IC : 19) setup(IC : 41) Extended Association Single action IEC HDLC IPv4 Register (IC : 4) LN (IC : 15) schedule(IC:22) setup(IC:23) setup(IC:42) Demand SAP assig- Special days IEC twisted pair Ethernet Register (IC : 5) nment (IC :17) table (IC :11) setup (IC :24) setup (IC :43) Register Activity cal- M-Bus port M-Bus port activation (IC : 6) endar (IC : 20) setup(IC : 25) setup(IC : 44) Profile generic (IC : 7) Register mon- Modem configu- PPP setup itor (IC : 21) ration (IC : 27) (IC : 45) Utility tables (IC : 21) Script Auto SMTP setup Register table (IC :9) answer (IC :28) (IC :46) table (IC : 61) Schedule Auto connect Status (IC :10) (IC :29) mapping (IC : 63) Access Time and event Data storage Communication channel setup control bound control

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 21 IECIEC StandardizationStandardization

DLMS/COSEM has been standardized under the IEC -62056 specification number

The specification consists of the following parts

IEC -62056 -21: Direct Local Data Exchange IEC -62056 -42: Physical Layer IEC -62056 -46: Data Link Layer using HDLC IEC -62056 -53: COSEM Application Layer IEC -62056 -61: Object Identification System (OBIS) IEC -62056 -62: Interface Classes IEC -62056 -47:COSEM Transport Layers for IPv4 networks

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 22 MeterMeter CategoriesCategories

MDM D Register – kWh TAMPER

MDM DTR Register – kWh, kVAh Profile

MDM HT Register – kWh, kVAh, rkVAh Demand Register Profile Tamper

MDM BANK Register – kWh, kVAh, rkVAh Demand Register Profile ABT 01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 23 HLC RECOMMENDATION – THERE SHALL BE ONLY ONE PROTOCOL

THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION AS UNDER.

1. NEW FUTURE METERS AS PER - IEC 62056 SERIES OF STANDARDS.

2. FOR LEGACY METERS - REPLACEMENT / CONVERTER / MIOS

3. APPLICATION WISE STANDARDIZATION OF PARAMETERS FOR VARIOUS METERS INCLUDING TAMPER LIST

4. THE FINALIZED PARAMETERS MAY THEN BE SPECIFIED BY ALL THE UTILITIES.

5. COMPILATION OF OBIS CODES AS PER IEC 62056 FOR FINALIZED LIST.

6. SEPARATE COMMITTEE TO CANALIZE FUTURE INDIA SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 24 MOP Committee - 2

MOP constituted a committee for standardization of parameters With Director General CPRI as Chairman and members drawn from CEA, IEEMA, BIS, Utilities, SI

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 25 THE OUTCOME METER TYPES

1. CATEGORY – A = FOR ENERGY ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT METERING

2. CATEGORY – B = FOR BOUNDARY / BANK / RING / ABT METERING 3. CATEGORY – C = FOR CONSUMER [HT (PT/CT) and LT(CT)] METERING

PARAMETER TYPES

a) Instantaneous Parameters b) Block Profile / Load Survey Parameters. c) Daily Profile Parameters. c) Parameters for accounting / billing. d) General Purpose quantities Name Plate Details. Programmable parameters e) Event Conditions.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 26 PARAMETER SUMMARY

No. OF PARAMETERS METER TYPES CATEGORY – A CATEGOR CATEGORY - Y - B C INSTANTANEOUS 29 29 23 PROFILE OR LOAD 13 11 13 SURVEY TO BE DERIVED FROM ACCOUNTING/ BILLING. 1 & 2 11 40 NAME PLATE DETAILS. 7 7 7 PROGRAMMABLE 5 5 5 TAMPER / EVENTS 50 50 50

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 27 INSTANTANEOUS VALUES 1. CONTINUOUS UPDATION

2. LAST UPDATED VALUE FOR DOWNLOADING

3. ENERGY VALUES ARE CUMULATIVE READINGS

4. OTHER ENTRIES ARE INSTANTANEOUS VALUES.

5. ALL PARAMETERS CAN BE READ BY THE HOST/CMRI AS AND WHEN REQUIRED.

6. SNAP SHOT OF ALL OR SELECTED VALUES COULD BE READ AS A PROFILE.

7. SELECTED VALUES SHALL BE DISPLAYED ON THE METER DISPLAY BASED ON UTILITY PRACTICE.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 28 PROFILE GENERIC OR LOAD SURVEY

1. DATA STORAGE = 45 DAYS FOR 30 MIN CAPTURE TIME

2. DATA STORAGE = 22 DAYS FOR 15 MIN CAPTURE TIME

3. BLOCK PERIOD (15 / 30 MIN) - PROGRAMMABLE BY UTILITY .

4. THE PARAMETERS ARE THE AVERAGE VALUES STORED AT THE END OF THAT TIME BLOCK.

5. ENERGY ENTRIES ARE ACTUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING THAT TIME BLOCK.

6. THESE PARAMETERS CAN ALSO BE READ AT ANY INSTANT OF TIME BY THE HOST/ CMRI

7. THE OTHER REQUIRED DAILY ACCOUNTING PARAMETERS CAN BE COMPUTED AT THE HOST END.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 29 ACCOUNTING / BILLING DATA

1. VALUES AT THE END OF A GIVEN PERIOD

2. UPDATED AT THE END THE PERIOD

3. AVAILABLE FOR READ AFTER THE PERIOD

4. STORAGE OF BILLING DATA - 6 BILLING CYCLES

5. ENERGY ACCOUNTING / AUDIT - DAILY DATA - 45 DAYS.

6. INTERFACE METERS - READ DAILY AT MIDNIGHT / AS AND WHEN REQUIRED .

7. THESE PARAMETERS CAN ALSO BE READ AT ANY INSTANT OF TIME BY THE HOST/ CMRI.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 30 GENERAL PURPOSE PARAMETERS

1. NAME PLATE DETAILS

2. PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETERS

3. TAMPER / EVENT CONDITIONS [Capture parameters = 14]

– Voltage related events – Current related events – Power Failure related events – Transactional events – Other events – Non rollover events – Control events

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 31 CPRI TEST FACILITY

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 32 CPRICPRI rolerole inin dlmsdlms CTCT

ConformanceConformance TestTest ToolTool –– AvailableAvailable DLMSDLMS MetersMeters testedtested atat CPRICPRI –– 5252 – Number of customers – 12 [mfrs & SI] – Number of utility – 1 LaboratoryLaboratory underunder upup gradationgradation forfor proposedproposed IndianIndian CompanionCompanion SpecificationSpecification

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 33 TOP LEVEL ARCHITECTURE REF. METER

φφφ φφφ TAMPER 1 / 3 AC SIMULATION PRECISION SOURCE UNIT

RS232 / RS 485

CTT A pair of modems will be used one at meter end and another at host end

PSTN GSM/GPRS/CDMA PLC ZigBee TCP/IP

COMMUNICATION PROFILES

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 34 Functional Features

1. Conformance Test for protocol implementation. Validation of Conformance to IEC62056 (DLMS/COSEM) Implementation using the CTT.

2. Validation of parameter recording, logging and reporting Energising the meter through a phantom source. Validation of recoding and reporting if identified parameters.

3. Validation of parameter communication through external MODEM Validation of data access form the meter through an external MODEM (PSTN/GSM etc) using a remote HOST (Client).

4. Validation for recoding of abnormal conditions Simulation of Abnormal condition using a tamper simulation unit and to validate its resolving, recording and reporting.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 35 Proposed SETUP DLMS Meter PSTN/GSM /GPRS 7E23498A4METER READINGS 23 43AB2342CDA65434 VRN = 230V 363234DF5434242 IR = 1A 2CD352241F82F = 50Hz 23 324FD324E65PF =0.9 6234C32D2323637EKWh=001234

Request Response

Test SystemMeter Reading with Conformance Tool Test Tool (CTT) AC Source

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 36 The Laboratory Services:

• Performance Evaluation of DLMS/COSEM Servers Through

• Conformance Testing Using CTT • Standardised Parameter Validation • Standardised Event condition validation • Client – Server Communication validation

• Pre and Post supply Testing and Certification

• Training Programs

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 37 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA Overview..contdOverview..contd

S.No Provision Inference

1 Meter Physical meter - logical units - a few functions. “interface Modeling objects ” - Object Identification System (OBIS) which are unique. Interface objects are designed for metering data (eg Register object, Demand Register object, Profile object etc.)

2 Messaging The procedure to form the packets (protocol data units) for information exchange with server .

3 Transporting At present this standard supports Telephone line, GSM, Twisted Pair, Optical port and TCP/IP – services to access these communication medium are built in. Has an addressing capability of 65000.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 38 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA Overview..contdOverview..contd 4 Interoperability In a typical application (revenue metering) the DLMS meters of any make can coexist and exchange information with Host (Client) having DLMS service module. The compliance of a meter can be verified through Conformance Testing. Self description – By this process the server (meter) provides its (capabilities) model with objects / function. Provision for clearly identified country -specific OBIS codes and manufacturer -specific OBIS codes. Process exists for adding new OBIS codes through the DLMS -UA 5 Security Supports three security levels. Meter data can be divided into multiple “Associations ” each with a different security level. 1. No Security – Used for data transactions that do not require security 2. Low level security – Password protected 3. High level security - cryptographic algorithm / keys, Encryption – Algorithm not specified.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 39 IECIEC 6205662056 –– DLMSDLMS // COSEMCOSEM ––AA Overview..contdOverview..contd

6 Open The standard documents are available for public Standard (professionals) use. Any vendor can develop the protocol stack / drivers / modules. 7 Information Through Interface Classes / OBIS codes / logical Access names / functions / attributes to read - Instantaneous values, profiles, events, clock, cumulative, demand, power quality parameters etc. The attributes are names, values, units, scalars etc. Model allows data to be identified as instantaneous values, historical values, values per tariff, values per phase etc. 8 Legacy A cluster of existing meters with proprietary protocol System can be interfaced through a Concentrator. The Concentrator input will be proprietary protocol meters and out put will be dlms protocol output.

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 40 THANKTHANK YOUYOU

01/12/09 METRING INDIA 2009_ CPRI 41