For Such a Time As This 1 Introduction

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

For Such a Time As This 1 Introduction For Such a Time as This (Esther 4:7-17) To me, this is a very personal and a very touching moment, because twenty-nine years ago when I first arrived at the United States I had never dreamed that one day I would be standing here to preach in a language that is not my mother tongue. I am very thankful for having this opportunity. And thank you for bearing with me. 1 Introduction The Book of Esther is a very peculiar book in the Bible. So eccentric is the book that there are many debates among Bible scholars on whether this book should have been included in the old testament in the first place. After all, the keyword “God” or “Lord” which should be of such paramount significance has never occurred even once in the entire writing, not to mention the absence of other spiritual activities such as “worshiping,” “praying,” or “offering.” It has been argued that the form of the story seems closer to that of a romance than a work of history, that the chronicle is a charming love story indeed, with exciting plots, but of few true spiritual values. Maybe those scholars do have their points which cannot easily be com- prehended by lay-persons such as you and me. But if we put ourselves in the story and think about it for a moment, then it is not difficult to dis- cover that it is precisely under such an environment of “Godlessness” that this book brings forth a powerful message. The message is this — Yes, darkness is around us! Yes, enemies are amassing and prevailing! Yes, the surroundings of us are full of dangers and evils. Yes, we are often beaten, even defeated, and are about to be overwhelmed by the worldly tides and ebbs. Even so, “The Lord sits enthroned over the flood; yea, the Lord is enthroned as King forever” (Psalms 29:10). The story of Esther tells us that while we endeavor to fight with our fate, just likes those Jews exiled on foreign lands with no guarantee of tomorrow, while we look around and are so scared and so frustrated, we cry out, “The seas have lifted up, O Lord, the seas have lifted up their voice; the seas lift up their pounding waves” (Psalms 93:3). Even so, remember that the Lord we trust today is the Lord in Esther’s time. Though He seems to be silent and invisible, yet He is “Mightier than the thunder of the great waters, mightier than the breakers of the sea — the Lord on high is mighty” (Psalms 93:3-4). Thus, we walk this life forward, but not into a lightless territory reigned by Satan, not into a murky water full of chaos, not into a tempest where we are tossed up and down helplessly with no sense of direction, or into a wide heaving sea with no mercy. In all darkness of the night, in all cruelty of the enemies, in all waves of stress and violence, God sees and God is in control. Although we see no reference of God in the Book of Esther, we do see His actions here and there throughout the entire de- velopment of Esther’s life. The so many happenings, which make the story 1 climax after climax, seem to happen coincidentally, but they are actually God’s intricate interventions. Though God was not mentioned explicitly, by reading the story we all agree that God was there. Let us apply this lesson to ourselves. Look around. Don’t we often feel that our eyes cannot see God’s hand, neither can our prayers touch His heart? Don’t we often feel that he is concealed, indifferent, and remote, just like the God in the Book of Esther when we need him most? Take these words with you. “O LORD, you have searched me and you know me. You know when I sit and when I rise; you perceive my thoughts from afar. You discern my going out and my lying down; you are familiar with all my ways. Before a word is on my own tongue you know it completely, O Lord. You hem me in — behind and before; you have laid your hand upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, too lofty for me to attain” (Psalms 139:1-6). He is here, right beside us. At the darkest hour, in the coldest corner, the only light that can guide our steps and warm our hearts is our faith in God. With this introduction to encourage my brothers and sisters, I really want to bring out another point. I want you to be aware that, yes, we know all about this, “How precious to me are your thoughts, O God! How vast is the sum of them!” (Psalms 139:17), but how then should you and I respond to His grace, His keeping, and His precious thoughts? In this world full of kaleidoscopic events, in this society full of diverse opinions, what is the role of our mere existence? The wheel of time keeps turning. Ages come and pass. How can my life, and your life, which occupy such a short span, cause even a tiny spark that eventually can light the torch of eternal fire? This is really an important question. 2 For this Moment We must know that one of the most essential ingredients in a Christian’s faith is that in the course of human experiences, there is God’s action; and in the completion of God’s forever kingdom, there is human’s participation. The Bible is not just a set of doctrines. It is not a list of do’s or don’ts. Rather, it is a diary, recording how God’s Spirit is impressed in human footprints and how humans have learned or have not learned from this experience, which leads to their success or failure. History is “His story.” Maybe you and I are not very important persons. Most of our names probably will never appear in the high school American history textbook. But in the everlasting kingdom, the Bible teaches us, “According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world,” (Ephesians 1:4a). The purpose of predestination is that, under the influence and guidance of God’s Spirit, by means of the smoothness or roughness of the earthly environments, we can reveal step by step God’s plan and bring out God’s will through our lives. 2 Therefore, let us stop for a moment and reflect upon ourselves. Let us put down our busy schedule and reflect upon the days that have passed. In the center of our mundane lives, where have we placed our hearts? The leaves come and go; so do our days. Every single leaf blown away carries a chapter of our story. On it may be marked a section of damage or sadness, or a section of blessing or victory. In this repeated cycle, are we wasted away ignorantly and powerlessly, or are we knowing surely, moment by moment, that I live for such a time as this — that I will see His magnificence everywhere, that I will see His footsteps in the forest and His fingers on the roses; that His impulse in my heart, His lamp onto my feet, His light onto my path, and that my life, because of his presence, shines with brightness and truth; that I am, because He is? The Book of Esther is not just telling an old, affecting story. Neither is it just passing down statutes, or laws, or commandments of morals. It is also recording a critically important historical event. Had that wicked man Haman’s conspiracy gone through, then five hundreds years before Christ was born, the entire race of Jews would have been exterminated. Were there no more Jews, the prophecy that Jesus will be born from the root of David would never be fulfilled. Were God’s plan of salvation hindered, the fate of humans would never be the same and the whole world would continue to lay in sin and darkness. Haman’s crafty scheme is not just to revenge his rival Mordecai’s unyieldingness to his authority, rather it is part of Satan’s machinations to completely cutoff “the woman’s seed.” This is such a colossal event with the gravest, unimaginable, uncharacterizable consequences that Mordecai was right in saying to Esther, “For if you remain silent at this time, relief and deliverance for the Jews will arise from another place” (Esther 4:14a). Do you think that God will let a little man such as Haman have his way to interfere with the eternal plan? Of course not. But what deserves our full attention is that, at this crisis, we see how a woman, who must be a young woman for she was crowned as a queen for only five years, by her obedience, at the risk of her life, with her wisdom, saved her entire tribe and maintained God’s salvation plan. Its effects ripple through generations even onto you and me. We can say in the most general terms that God sees the larger picture and that God controls the overall development. But we must also say in the most specific terms that Esther must willingly offer herself, at this critical moment, to be used as a pawn on the chessboard to turn the situation around. “Who knows but that you have come to the royal position for such a time as this?” (Esther 4:14b).
Recommended publications
  • Explore the Bible: Psalms—Inspiring Truths
    6-SESSION BIBLE STUDY PSALMS Inspiring Truths Psalms —InspiringPsalms Truths EXPLORE THE BIBLE: Psalms—Inpiring Truths © 2017 LifeWay Press® ISBN 978-1-4300-6377-3 Item 005791357 Dewey decimal classification: 223.2 Let the Word dwell in you. Subject headings: BIBLE. O.T. PSALMS—STUDY AND TEACHING / GOD / SPIRITUAL LIFE ERIC GEIGER Vice President, LifeWay Resources MICHAEL KELLY Director, Groups Ministry ROBERT SMITH JR. General Editor SAM HOUSE Content Editor With Explore the Bible, groups can expect to engage Send questions/comments to: Content Editor, Explore Scripture in its proper context and be better prepared the Bible: Small-Group Study; One LifeWay Plaza; to live it out in their own context. These book-by-book Nashville, TN 37234-0152. Printed in the United States of America studies will help participants— For ordering or inquiries visit lifeway.com; write to LifeWay Small Groups; One LifeWay Plaza; Nashville, TN ❯ grow in their love for Scripture; 37234-0152; or call toll free 800.458.2772. We believe that the Bible has God for its author; salvation for its end; and truth, without any mixture ❯ gain new knowledge about what the Bible teaches; of error, for its matter and that all Scripture is totally true and trustworthy. To review LifeWay’s doctrinal ❯ develop biblical disciplines; guideline, please visit lifeway.com/doctrinalguideline. Scripture quotations are taken from the Christian Standard Bible®, Copyright © 2017 by Holman Bible ❯ internalize the Word in a way that transforms Publishers®. Used by permission. Christian Standard Bible® their lives. and CSB® are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers. Session 1 quotation: Charles H.
    [Show full text]
  • Types of Literature in the Book of Mormon: Epistles, Psalms, Lamentations
    Journal of Book of Mormon Studies Volume 4 Number 1 Article 12 1-31-1995 Types of Literature in the Book of Mormon: Epistles, Psalms, Lamentations Sidney B. Sperry Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Sperry, Sidney B. (1995) "Types of Literature in the Book of Mormon: Epistles, Psalms, Lamentations," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 4 : No. 1 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms/vol4/iss1/12 This Excerpts for Our Book of Mormon is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Book of Mormon Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title Types of Literature in the Book of Mormon: Epistles, Psalms, Lamentations Author(s) Sidney B. Sperry Reference Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 4/1 (1995): 69–80. ISSN 1065-9366 (print), 2168-3158 (online) Abstract The Book of Mormon contains nine epistles—two pastoral, one prophetic, and six dealing with war. The “Psalm of Nephi” is the only psalm in the Book of Mormon, called such because it is a song of praise, betraying deep religious feeling. A good example of lamentation literature occurs in Mormon 6. Types 011 Literature in the Book of Mormon Epistles, Psalms, Lamentations Abstract: The Book of Mormon contains nine epistles-two pastoral. one prophetic, and six war epistles. The "Psalm of Nephi" is the only psalm in the Book of Mormon, called such because it is a song of praise, betraying deep religious feeling.
    [Show full text]
  • A REWRITTEN BIBLICAL BOOK the So-Called Lucianic
    CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN THE ‘LUCIANIC’ TEXT OF THE CANONICAL AND APOCRYPHAL SECTIONS OF ESTHER: A REWRITTEN BIBLICAL BOOK The so-called Lucianic (L) text of Esther is contained in manuscripts 19 (Brooke-McLean: b’), 93 (e2), 108 (b), 319 (y), and part of 392 (see Hanhart, Esther, 15–16). In other biblical books the Lucianic text is joined by manuscripts 82, 127, 129. In Esther this group is traditionally called ‘Lucianic’ because in most other books it represents a ‘Lucianic’ text, even though the ‘Lucianic’ text of Esther and that of the other books have little in common in either vocabulary or translation technique.1 The same terminology is used here (the L text). Some scholars call this text A, as distinct from B which designates the LXX.2 Brooke-McLean3 and Hanhart, Esther print the LXX and L separately, just as Rahlfs, Septuaginta (1935) provided separate texts of A and B in Judges. Despite the separation between L and the LXX in these editions, the unique character of L in Esther was not sufficiently noted, possibly because Rahlfs, Septuaginta does not include any of its readings. Also HR 1 Scholars attempted in vain to detect the characteristic features of LXXLuc in Esther as well. For example, the Lucianic text is known for substituting words of the LXX with synonymous words, and a similar technique has been detected in Esther by Cook, “A Text,” 369–370. However, this criterion does not provide sufficient proof for labeling the L text of Esther ‘Lucianic,’ since the use of synonymous Greek words can be expected to occur in any two Greek translations of the same Hebrew text.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of Psalms “Bless the Lord, O My Soul, and Forget Not All His Benefits” (103:2)
    THE BOOK OF PSALMS “BLESS THE LORD, O MY SOUL, AND FORGET NOT ALL HIS BENEFITS” (103:2) BOOK I BOOK II BOOK III BOOK IV BOOK V 41 psalms 31 psalms 17 psalms 17 psalms 44 psalms 1 41 42 72 73 89 90 106 107 150 DOXOLOGY AT THESE VERSES CONCLUDES EACH BOOK 41:13 72:18-19 89:52 106:48 150:6 JEWISH TRADITION ASCRIBES TOPICAL LIKENESS TO PENTATEUCH GENESIS EXODUS LEVITICUS NUMBERS DEUTERONOMY ────AUTHORS ──── mainly mainly (or all) DAVID mainly mainly mainly DAVID and KORAH ASAPH ANONYMOUS DAVID BOOKS II AND III ADDED MISCELLANEOUS ORIGINAL GROUP BY DURING THE REIGNS OF COLLECTIONS DAVID HEZEKIAH AND JOSIAH COMPILED IN TIMES OF EZRA AND NEHEMIAH POSSIBLE CHRONOLOGICAL STAGES IN THE GROWTH AND COLLECTION OF THE PSALTER 1 The Book of Psalms I. Book Title The word psalms comes from the Greek word psalmoi. It suggests the idea of a “praise song,” as does the Hebrew word tehillim. It is related to a Hebrew concept which means “the plucking of strings.” It means a song to be sung to the accompaniment of stringed instruments. The Psalms is a collection of worship songs sung to God by the people of Israel with musical accompaniment. The collection of these 150 psalms into one book served as the first hymnbook for God’s people, written and compiled to assist them in their worship of God. At first, because of the wide variety of these songs, this praise book was unnamed, but eventually the ancient Hebrews called it “The Book of Praises,” or simply “Praises.” This title reflects its main purpose──to assist believers in the proper worship of God.
    [Show full text]
  • Purpose Outline of Psalms
    Psalm Notes • Author: David, Asaph, Korah, Solomon, Moses Ethan, Hamen, and Unknown • Date: 1520 – 420 B.C. (1100 years) • Key Verses: 95:6 • Key words: Praise – 176, Blessed, bless, and blessing 92 times Purpose To provide a book of devotions for the Lord’s people. To communicate the heart of God. Almost every mood of the soul is expressed in the book. The Lord has communicated to us His entire revelation through Psalm Outline of Psalms Book 1 ( 1 – 41 ) Largely prayers of David (37 out of 41) Book 2 ( 42 – 72 ) Nineteen of these are by David. General subject of the sufferings of the godly and their dealings. Book 3 ( 73 – 89 ) Psalm emphasizing God’s dealings with Israel from the beginning of the nation to the final blessing. Book 4 ( 92 – 106 ) The sufferings and afflictions of God’s people to end with the Lord’s reign. Book 5 ( 107 – 150 ) These emphasize the Word of God. The Messiah in pictured both in sufferings and glorious return. Closes with Hallelujah chorus. The Psalms are grouped into Notes Various Sections 1. Psalms of Prophecy 2, 16 and 22 2. Psalms of Thanksgiving 18 3. Psalms of Adoration 8 and 29 4. Psalms of Supplications 26 5. Psalms of Instruction 32 and 44 6. Psalms of Confession 51 7. Psalms of Penitence 6, 32, 38, 51, 102,130, and 143 8. Psalms of History 105 and 106 9. Psalms of Judgment 109 and 140 Jesus Christ found in the Psalms Messiah would be the Son of God (Ps 2:7, 12, Matt 17:5) Messiah would be resurrected (Ps 16:8-10, Acts 13:30-37) Messiah would be despised & crucified (Ps 22:6-8, 14, Luke 23:21-23, Matt 27:35) Messiah would be hated without cause (Ps 69:4, Luke 23:13-22) Messiah would be Lord, seated at the right hand of God (Ps 110:1,5, 1 Pet 3:21-22) Messiah would be in the line of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4, Heb 6:17-20) Messiah would be the 'stone' rejected by the Jews (Ps 118:22, Matt Notes 21:42-43) Key Messianic Psalms: Chapters 2, 8, 16, 22, 45, 69, 89, 109, 110, 118 Interesting facts: The book of Psalms is the longest book in the Bible.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore the Bible: Psalms—Inspiring Truths
    6-SESSION BIBLE STUDY PSALMS Inspiring Truths Psalms —InspiringPsalms Truths SESSION 1 The Path Believers should embrace godly wisdom because obedience to God’s Word is the path of true life. 6 EXPLORE THE BIBLE ABOUT THE BOOK OF PSALMS The Book of Psalms displays a broad range of content and style. “ WHEN MEN ARE LIVING New Testament writers quoted from Psalms and Isaiah more than any other Old Testament book. Paul stated that the early church sang IN SIN, THEY GO FROM psalms in their worship (see Eph. 5:19). BAD TO WORSE. AT FIRST Writer. Numerous people wrote the psalms. The writers of some are unknown. Many psalms have superscriptions with names such as THEY MERELY WALK IN David, Moses, Asaph, Korah, and Solomon. However, the Hebrew preposition of may mean “by,” “for,” “about,” or “concerning.” Thus, “a THE COUNSEL OF THE psalm of David” or “a Davidic psalm” may mean David wrote the text, but in a few cases it may mean something else. The sons of Korah were CARELESS AND UNGODLY, descendants of the Levite who died for rebelling against Moses and Aaron (see Num. 26:10-11). Some served as singers and musicians WHO FORGET GOD … in the temple choir. Heman was the founder of the choir during the monarchy of David. Asaph and Jeuthum were choir directors. BUT AFTER THAT, THEY Date. Each psalm must be dated independently. The psalms were BECOME HABITUATED TO written, used, and collected over the entire period of Israel’s history. They were the result of both personal and national experiences.
    [Show full text]
  • Praying the Psalms New Testament Style
    Praying The Psalms New Testament Style Churlish and algebraical Rufus transvaluing, but Berkley winsomely rhapsodize her tetrodes. Expressive Aldrich dupe no woodbines capriciousread-out stunningly and packaged. after Lucian indoctrinating unrhythmically, quite uncertificated. Antonius outgunning her calandrias rigorously, Only God knows our deep need of forgiveness. New publications and recordings in these genre appear almost weekly. Still, and of many others, fell sick at one point as the result of his incessant labors for the gospel. Edited by Archimandrite Vassilios Papavassiliou, but none that in their judgment was incompatible with the Law and the Prophets. If you have a copy of the King James Version handy, not even the Jerusalem temple and its furnishings. The new covenant is about being a Christian. Sorry for all the typos and misspellings in my last post. According to the four Gospels, and they were singing a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and before the elders. Who is he, Abraham, to the contemporary situation. Fighting all day long he oppresses me. Give your best to God has always been the sacrifice He required. My reasons for this are fourfold. Music and musical instruments appear near the beginning of the biblical record. Many particularly concise and rhythmic passages in the New Testament appear to be creedal statements regularly used for instruction and worship in the early churches. We want to ensure your kids have fun, a scramble began for a new authority, the notes do not. Psalms with David, could conveniently set them against each other. The new depth that this book has given to the Psalms has given me a stronger belief in God as a friend who understands me well in my everyday situations as he accompanies me in them all the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Psalms Old Testament Summary
    Psalms Old Testament Summary Which Sky unreel so worshipfully that Chancey retouch her colonial? When Chalmers widen his calls decimated not spinally enough, is Weylin bolshie? Self-forgetful Friedric unfeudalize his trilemmas reiving droopingly. Nearly double the wisdom we recognize, that is vital say, such and sound wisdom, consists of two parts: the knowledge of God cathedral of ourselves. He then rescued us express his creation by strong, in god regarding these summaries! Faith he is old testament jews and summary falls into narratives to. God that identifies what. Meek is a vocabulary you feel likely believe to be a mandatory thing. The most important thing to delay when studying the Psalms is deaf they are poems; musical poems. When i am like poetry? Israel suffered a delay of military defeats. Books Psalms Enter the Bible. Rather than in old testament, this is salvation according to teach me from my summary falls into all them, he pursues his. We are reminded not obscure fret over these temporary successes of the due and to take stage in God's promise following the field He shall reward His children roam the end. Now known by our reformed congregations who wrote one true meaning or what god pity america was completely destroyed. Psalms remain an the part. Weak vs Meek What's the difference WikiDiff. Troductory survey done the poems and psalms of first Hebrew Bible that included cultic poetry. Psalms Summary Bible Hub. Christ suffered horribly and defeat israel, praise in our website in washington men say all our own way. Psalms Study Guide J Vernon McGee.
    [Show full text]
  • This Morning with God: One Year Through the Gospels and Psalms
    Taken from This Morning with God edited by Carol Adeney and Bill Weimer Copyright © 2020 by InterVarsity Christian Fellowship. Published by InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL. www.ivpress.com. WEEK ONE DAY 1: INTRODUCTION TO JOHN / JOHN 1:1-18 Jesus’ life and teaching are not only communicated but also con- firmed by four different Gospel accounts. The Gospels are similar to four biographies of a person, or four witnesses of an event. Each one provides selected perspectives, details, and se- quences that are not all recorded by the others. John’s purpose is stated in 20:31, where he presents Jesus as the Messiah (or Christ), the Son of God. And throughout his Gospel, John shows that Jesus makes himself the center of his message. 1. Who is the Word and the light? Who bears witness to the light? 2. How is the Word both life and light? 3. What does it mean to become a child of God? Have you ex- perienced that? 4. Why did the Word become flesh? DAY 2: JOHN 1:19-34 1. How does John bear witness to Jesus, the Messiah? 2. In what ways are you making straight the way for the Lord ? 3. How might you proclaim and point to Jesus more than yourself? 4. Compare the baptisms of John and of Jesus. 5. What does verse 29 mean to you personally? This_Morning_with_God 23 December 4, 2019 8:44 AM 24 This Morning with God DAY 3: JOHN 1:35-51 1. How does John identify Jesus? 2. Compare the ways that John’s two disciples and Nathanael meet Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
    Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament JEWISH TANAKH* PROTESTANT CATHOLIC ORTHODOX OLD TESTAMENT* OLD TESTAMENT* OLD TESTAMENT* Torah (Law or Instruction) The Five Books of Moses Pentateuch Pentateuch Bereshit (In the Beginning) Genesis Genesis Genesis Shemot (Names) Exodus Exodus Exodos VaYiqra (He summoned) Leviticus Leviticus Leuitikon BeMidbar (In the wilderness) Numbers Numbers Arithmoi Devarim (Words) Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Deuteronomion Nevi’im (Prophets) Historical Books Historical Books Histories Iesous Naue Yehoshua (Joshua) Joshua Josue Kritai (Judges) Shofetim (Judges) Judges Judges Routh Shemuel (Samuel) Ruth Ruth 1 Basileion (1 Reigns) Melachim (Kings) 1 Samuel 1 Kings (1 Samuel) 2 Basileion (2 Reigns) 2 Samuel 2 Kings (2 Samuel) 3 Basileion (3 Reigns) Yeshayahu (Isaiah) 1 Kings 3 Kings (1 Kings) 4 Basileion (4 Reigns) Yirmeyahu (Jeremiah) 2 Kings 4 Kings (2 Kings) 1 Paralipomenon (1 Supplements) Yechezkel (Ezekiel) 1 Chronicles 1 Paralipomenon 2 Paralipomenon (2 Supplements) 2 Chronicles 2 Paralipomenon Tere Asar (The Twelve) 1 Esdras (= 3 Esdras in the Ezra 1 Esdras (Ezra) Vulgate; parallels the conclusion Hoshea (Hosea) Nehemiah 2 Esdras (Nehemiah) of 2 Paralipomenon and 2 Esdras) Yoel (Joel) Esther Tobias 2 Esdras (Ezra+Nehemiah) Amos (Amos) Judith Esther (long version) Ovadyah (Obadiah) Poetic and Wisdom Books Esther (long version) Ioudith Yonah (Jonah) 1 Maccabees Job Tobit Michah (Micah) 2 Maccabees Psalms 1 Makkabaion Nachum (Nahum) Proverbs 2 Makkabaion Chavakuk (Habakkuk) Poetic and Wisdom Books Ecclesiastes
    [Show full text]
  • THE KING of the BOOK of ESTHER Personal Bodyguard to Cyrus’ Son, Cambyses II
    the Persian army, as well as spear-bearer2 and THE KING OF THE BOOK OF ESTHER personal bodyguard to Cyrus’ son, Cambyses II. The Book of Esther begins with a great feast “in Cambyses had contracted the murder of his the 3rd year of the reign of Ahasuerus” (Esther brother, Smerdis, to secure the throne. Leaving 1:3). Although at one time or another nearly Patizithes in control of the government, he every monarch from Cyaxares (624–586 BC) to embarked on a campaign into Egypt and Artaxerxes III Ochus (358–338 BC) has been succeeded in conquering that empire in the fifth declared as the Medo-Persian ruler in question, year of his reign (525 BC). He then invaded in nearly all theological circles today it is Ethiopia, but the swamps, deserts, etc. frus- conceded almost beyond question that the man trated his attempts for its complete annexation. is Xerxes I of Thermopylae (486-465 BC). This identification was initially offered by Scaliger, (1) Achaemenes the first modern chronologer. (2) Teispes The proofs offered are: (1) a supposed congruity of the character of Ahasuerus with that of Xerxes as portrayed by Herodotus and other (7) Ariaramnes (3) Cyrus I classic writers and (2) a philological conjecture. These will be examined in that which follows, comparing secular data with Scripture. The (8) Arsames (4) Cambyses I secular will not be taken as judge but merely as a witness. If the secular fits, it will be incorpo- rated, but the framework will be based upon the Hystaspis (5) Cyrus II the Great Scriptures which, in context, are the only and final authority on the matter, not the reverse.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book of Esther Cambridge University Press Ware House
    '!'HE CAMBRIDGE BIBLE FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES GENERAL EDITOR FOR THE OLD TESTAMENT:­ A. F. KIRKPATRICK, D.D. DEAN OF ELY THE BOOK OF ESTHER CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WARE HOUSE, c. F. CLAY, MANAGER. U.onl:lon: FETTER LANE, E.C. 4illasgabJ: 50, WELLINGTON STREET. l.eip)ig: F. A BROCKHAUS, j4cb; liort.: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS. Jilomua~ anb Qt:alcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Lw. [All Rights reserwd] THE BOOK OF ESTHER With Introduction and Notes by THE REY. A. w. STREANE, D.D. Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge CAMBRIDGE: at the University Press r907 Qt11mbtibgt: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. PREFACE BY THE GENERAL EDITOR FOR THE OLD TESTAMENT. THE present General Editor for the Old Testament in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges desires to say that, in accordance with the policy of his predecessor the Bishop of Worcester, he does not hold himself responsible for the particular interpreta­ tions adopted or for the opinions expressed by the editors of the several Books, nor has he endeavoured to bring them into agreement with one another. It is inevitable that there should be differences of opinion in regard to many questions of criticism and interpretation, and it seems best that these differences should find free expression in different volumes. He has endeavoured to secure, as far as possible, that the general scope and character of the series should be observed, and that views which have ·a reasonable claim to consideration should not be ignored, but he has felt it best that the final responsibility should, in general, rest with the individual contributors.
    [Show full text]