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Sylvan N. Goldman, Oklahoma Business Pioneer Terry SYLVAN N. GOLDMAN, OKLAHOMA BUSINESS PIONEER By TERRY PAUL WILSON I\ Bachelor of Arts Phillips University Enid, Oklahoma 1963 Master of Arts University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 1965 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate college of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 1974 /~ I '179 D IAJ 7 S' 3:s- ~· ~ OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY I LJBRARY ' MA.Y 1 J 1976 SYLVAN N. GOLDMAN, OKLAHOMA BUSINESS PIONEER Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College- 938656 PREFACE Despite a world wide reputation as heedless pursuers of the future, Americans exhibit a continuing fascination with the:r origins. To appease this historical hunger the country's presses publish a steady diet of books, articles, and essays examining and re-examining the national experience. Interpretations of this self inquiry are varied. Critics of the United States suggest that its citizens dissect the past in an effort to uncover a meaningful pattern and continuity, needed but lacking, in American culture and society. Writers and teachers frequent­ ly assume a utilitarian viewpoint, pointing to the practicability of discerning the perplexities of the present and future from the study of yesterday. A simpler answer, curiosity and nostalgia, probably offers a more accurate explanation of this preoccupation with past events. Whatever the motivation behind the United States' appetite for history, it is certain that some subjects consistently attract more attention than others. Perhaps the most popular topic is the.American West. The progenitors of America's frontier heritage--Indians, cowboys, fur trappers, farmers, cavalrymen, and miners--maintain an irresistable allure, undiminished by the volume of production chronicling their deeds. Oklahoma's story belongs to the historical category of westward movement and development. Beginning its organized political existence at a time wher:i the frontier was fading elsewhere in t:he West, the Sooner State witnessed a telescoping of the usual phases of civilization iii building. Fewer than eighty years elapsed between the opening of Indian Territory to settlement and the establishment of a modernized society, complete with the problems of pollution and urban renewal. As a consequence Oklahoma historians have been presented with a non­ recurring opportunity to investigate the state's frontier background through studying the lifespans of still-living men. No one Sooner's story can reveal the entirety of the dramatic "arrows to atoms" growth of Oklahoma, yet each personal account contributes to an understanding of a unique western state. Sylvan Nathan Goldman's life and career are inextricably a part of Oklahoma history. Beyond the mere fact of predating statehood as a resident, Goldman provides an authentic symbol of the Forty-sixth State's frontier heritage and present modernity. This despite the fact that his life cannot be categorized as belonging to one of the usually conceived western prototypes. Goldman stands among America's twentieth century pioneers, a developer of Oklahoma's business frontier. His entrepreneurial achievements are augmented by inventions and commercial innovations, products of his independent thinking, which helped spur the commercial revolution of this century. While devoting a large share of his energies to money-making enterprises, this Sooner businessman is also respected for numerous civic and philanthropic endeavors. And finally as a representative of Oklahoma's Jewish Community, Goldman's life sheds light on an ethnic group virtually ignored in written histories of the state. It is doubtful whether any author ever wrote in a vacuum. Inspira­ tion, guidance, and encouragement are necessary for the completion of his work. In this case several individuals·and at least one institution iv contributed greatly to the finished product. Without Mr. Sylvan Nathan Golaman's generous gifts of time and patience the research for this biography could not have been completed. Other members of Goldman Enterprises were equally helpful in offering information and interest. The Oklahoma Heritage Association granted funds which allowed the author to pursue his research and writing on a full time basis. Appreciation is gratefully extended to the author's major advisor, Dr. Joseph A. Stout, Jr., for his guidance and assistance in preparing this study. That same appreciation is also due the other committee members, Dr. Odie B. Faulk, Jr., Dr. LeRoy H. Fischer, Dr. George F, Jewsbury, and Professor Harold v. Sare, who provided the necessary critical advice in completing the study. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. AN OKLAHOMA BOYHOOD 1 II. COOKING FOR COMPANY "D" • 14 III. HOW TO GROW PROSPEROUS DURING A PROSPERITY DECADE. 29 IV. HOW TO MAKE A LIVING DURING A DEPRESSION •• 54 V •. THE UBIQUITOUS GROCERY CART AND OTHER INVENTIONS ••• 76 VI. MARKETS AND SUPERMARKE'l'S 100 VII. THE SUPER MARKET INSTITUTE. • 119 VIII. A BUSINESSMAN'S AVOCATION--GIVING AWAY MONEY AND OTHER PHILANTHROPIES. • • • • • • • 145 IX. A BUSINESSMAN'S RETIREMENT •• 170 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY •••••• 187 vi CHAPTER I Al'T OKLAHOMA BOYHO()D The road fron Baltimore, Marvland, to Oklahoma snapned half a continent. Yet, in the spring of 1889, a recent arrival to the coastal city, Michael Goldman, eaqerly pondered the j.:,urney west. The maqnet which drew him. and thousands of others to the south central plains was the prospect of free lands. President Benjanin Harrison harl issued a nroclamation declaring that a part of Indian T~rritory, the Unassigned Lands, woi1ld be opened for settlement on A.nril 22, 1889. This pro­ nouncemP.nt, which came to Goldman throuqh the Baltimore newspapers, rekindled the hopes of homeseekers at a time when thP. availahilitv of homesteads had shrunk to the vanishinq point. Realizing that the c'l.ernand could not be met by the Oklahoma District of armroximately ?.,Ono,ooo acres, qovernment planners decided on a land run to rfotermine ·who the lucky settlers would be. Amonrr the fifty thousand land rushers, ridin<J in a friendly family's waqon, was the sixteen-year-old Goldman. 'rho Run of 1889 provided a dramatic climax to the yo1ith' s search for a nm,1 home. His quei:;t had originated in faraway tatvin, a tiny Baltic state which forcibly would be incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1~40. There Goldman had shared the precarious life of the shtetls, small Jewish communities which dotted the geography of Bnstern Eurooe. Durin'] the last two decac'l.es of the nineteenth centurv some 600,000 of these ,Jwws fled traditional poverty and a qrowinq tide of casual 1 2 d.iscri:rnination and then officiallv encouraaed for nersecution •• The massacres and destruction of the rorrroms eventually led to still larqcr waves of immiqration until World War I temporarilv stopr,eri the harassed fraffic. An estimated 95 per cent of the United StAtes' present ,Jewish population is descended .from that forty year Eastern F.uropean influx. 1 Most of the fleeing Jews themselves joined 'other inimiqrants in Arnerica's eastern seaboard cities. The lucJt:y ones, like Michael r,oldrnan, turned to relatives and co-reliqionists for help in coping with the New World. An uncle with'a small dryqoods store in Baltimore provided the young Latvian with a temproary haven. Goldman divided his tiJT1e hetween assisting his kinsman in the husim~ns and rtttending school. News of the Oklahoma land opening caTTle after he hnd achieved a fair working knowlddge of the Enqlish language and his new home's cus- toms. 2 Certainly bv moving west he was following one of his adopted country's oldest traditions. However, few ,Jewish immigrants joined Geildmn.n in seekinf'!' out the frontier; an overwhelJT1inq number chose to remain in the cities. There were two excellent reasons for doing so. While unclaimed land remained plentiful in the West, good crop-pro- ducing areas were nearly all taken. Additionally, the vast majority of Jwwish i:rnmigrants were tm·,n ghetto dwellers, forced from the country , by their neighbors i hostility and legal restirction. Th~y possessed neither the skills nor the inclination for an a('J'ricultural existence.3 Only a handful of Jews appeared among the clustered thousanrls who stampea,ed across the Oklahoma boundaries; gaining lasting renown as "E"~1q h ty-N1ners.. " 4 C'",oldrnan established no claim during the April run, and it doubtful that he woulr.1 have utilized su~h an acquisition for farming. After a brief residence in the instant town of Oklahoma 3 City, he made his way to Ardmore, located in the southern part of the territory, where he purchased a ]60 acre tract for $200. Still restless and unwilling to convert his claim to raising crops, the immigrant youth crossed the border into Texas. At Gainesville, just beyond the territorial line, he obtained a position with a Jewish firm, Kahn Brothers Wholesale Produce and Dry Goods Company. This business association was to prove more enduring and intimate than Goldman or his employers at first realized. The Kahns had immigrated in the early l880's from Alsace-Lorraine the border region between Germany and France, then a part of the German Empire. After inaugurating a thriving wholesale enterprise in Gainesville, the brothers began bringing relatives from Europe and employing them in their company. Among those who arrived in this manner were two nephews and a niece. The latter was fifteen year old Hortense Dreyfus. While her brothers absorbed the intricacies of their uncles' business affairs, she tried to fathom the folkways of the American Southwest. By the time Goldman made her acquaintance she had accepted the local custom of dating; the two were married in the spring of ]894. The young couple moved to Davis, Oklahoma, the following year, and Goldman became the manager of a failing general store which the Kahns had purchased.
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