Heritage and Challenges The European The European Campus Campus Heritage and Challenges Alexandra den Heijer Alexandra den Heijer George Tzovlas George George Tzovlas The European Campus Heritage and Challenges Information to support decision makers Alexandra den Heijer George Tzovlas Colophon This book can be referred to as: Den Heijer, Alexandra and George Tzovlas (2014), The European campus – heritage and challenges, Information to support decision makers, Delft: Delft University of Technology, October 2014. Authors - Alexandra den Heijer – TU Delft, associate professor – [email protected] - George Tzovlas – TU Delft, PhD research – [email protected] Cover and graphic design by George Tzovlas. For more background information about the authors and this research project, see: www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl Acknowledgments The authors want to thank the following people for their support and creative thinking in the frst stages of this comprehensive project. - Dirk Jan van den Berg – President TU Delft - Karel Luyben – Rector Magnifcus TU Delft, President Elect CESAER - Hans Beunderman – TU Delft, former vice-rector and dean Faculty of Architecture - Gert Jan Scheurwater – TU Delft, Secretary General / Director Strategic Development - Karin Laglas – TU Delft, former dean Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment - Hans Wamelink – TU Delft, chair department of Real Estate & Housing, acting dean - Hans de Jonge – TU Delft, professor Real Estate Management - Monique Arkesteijn – TU Delft, assistant professor / chair Corenet Benelux - Flavia Curvelo Magdaniel – TU Delft, PhD researcher (technology campuses) - Robert-Jan Smits – European Commission, DG Research & Innovation - Peter van der Hijden – European Commission, policy offcer - Audrey Goosen - European Commission, policy offcer - Thomas Estermann – European University Association – Director Governance, Autonomy & Funding Unit - Enora Pruvot – European University Association - Programme Manager - Governance, Autonomy & Funding Unit - Marceline du Prie – EU liaison EU Liaison, special advisor to the TU Delft Board on European Affairs Published by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) Delft, the Netherlands - [email protected] / www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl ISBN / EAN 978-90-817283-2-4 Many photos in this book are used to illustrate unique qualities of the European campus - more references, sources, links to universities, background about some projects can be found online: www.managingtheuniversitycampus.nl/european-campus (page numbers as refer- ences). We have made every effort to trace and contact copyright holders. If an error or omission is brought to our notice we will be pleased to remedy the situation in future editions of this book. For further information, please contact the authors. © 2014 TU Delft. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing from the proprietor(s). The European Campus – Heritage and Challenges Page 2 Preface The European campus is a crucial enabler for the future of This research project is conducted in close collaboration Europe. This proposition triggered a comprehensive research with European university networks and policy offcers of the project that explores university campuses in all 28 European European Commission (EC). In the coming years Alexandra Union (EU) member states. The current publication summari- den Heijer (associate professor) and George Tzovlas (PhD zes the state of the European campus. It highlights the heritage researcher) will explore new theories for managing university – illustrated with many photos – and underlines the challenges campuses and provide information and tools to support deci- that more than 800 European universities are confronted with. sion-making in practice. The quality of European universities, including their physical This frst book – with its many facts, maps, fgures and pho- infrastructure, not only affects policy agendas of education, re- tos – sets the European campus agenda. It is relevant for search and innovation, it affects Europe’s position in the global presidents, university board members and policy makers from ‘battle for brains’. The ‘ftness for purpose’ of the European university to EC level, but also for (future) students, staff and university campuses should be explicitly part of a strategy for visitors who are more than welcome at the European campus. smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. This book – covering the data of 28 EU member states – em- phasizes that the European campus (still) has the heritage and Dirk Jan van den Berg inner-city locations that provide students with a life experience President of Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) as much as a learning experience. The unique qualities of Eu- Delft, October 2014 ropean cities add to ‘sense of place’ and attract students from all over the world. However, the last part of the book compares country data and draws conclusions about age profle, condition, footprint etc. Many universities are investing in new state-of-the art facili- ties, but this heavily affects their fnancial sustainability. At the same time, many existing European campuses are in very poor functional and physical condition, which negatively infuences productivity and satisfaction of users. This requires reinvest- ment, but most of all: smart strategies. Based on thorough data collection, best practices and prior research about managing university campuses this book sug- gests campus stress testing as a tool for assessing the ‘ft- ness for use’ of today’s campuses. Sharing knowledge, bench- marking and self-assessment tools will map the readiness of Europe’s higher education infrastructure to engage global competition. And, crucially, pin-point key areas of defciency, just as banking stress tests do. Some of these challenges are operationalized in this book. Information to support decision makers Page 3 The European Campus – Heritage and Challenges Page 4 Delft, campus Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) Information to support decision makers Page 5 Part A | Introduction page 11 Background page 12 Propositions page 18 Goals of the research page 20 Focus, scope and methodology page 22 Guide to the reader page 24 Collecting information Part B | Presenting Information page 28 to 139 28 member states of the European Union Part C | Conclusions page 142 Comparing context information page 146 Assessing campus information page 159 Vision on the European campus page 177 Reference list page 183 Further Reading page 183 Visits to/from European universities page 185 Campus Management Organisations page 186 Defnitions and Abbreviations page 189 Propositions in 8 European languages page 192 About the Authors The European Campus – Heritage and Challenges Page 6 Table of Contents Presenting Information | Part B page 28 AT Austria page 32 BE Belgium page 36 BG Bulgaria page 40 HR Croatia page 44 CY Cyprus page 48 CZ Czech Republic FI page 52 DK Denmark page 56 EE Estonia page 60 FI Finland SE page 64 FR France EE page 68 DE Germany LV DK page 72 GR Greece LT page 76 HU Hungary IE NL UK page 80 IE Ireland PL DE page 84 IT Italy BE LU CZ page 88 LV Latvia SK page 92 LT Lithuania FR AT HU RO page 96 LU Luxembourg SI IT HR page 100 MT Malta BG page 104 NL Netherlands PT page 108 PL Poland ES GR page 112 PT Portugal CY page 116 RO Romania page 120 SK Slovakia MT page 124 SI Slovenia page 128 ES Spain page 132 SE Sweden page 136 UK United Kingdom Information to support decision makers Page 7 The European Campus – Heritage and Challenges Page 8 Introduction Part A Information to support decision makers Page 9 The basis of this research is the dissertation of Alexandra den Heijer, “Managing the university campus”, based on ten years of research. Additional information about this book and related publications at: http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl The European Campus – Heritage and Challenges Page 10 Part A | Introduction Background Background explores both. We strongly believe – based on research – that improving Basis of this research (the management of) the European campus is a precondition for attracting and retaining Europe’s knowledge capital, for more On March 4, 2011 Alexandra den Heijer defended her PhD competitive EU universities in the global ‘battle for brains’ and thesis “Managing the university campus” (Den Heijer 2011), for supporting innovation in the EU economy. This aligns with based on ten years of research. Her book summarized insights the EU’s growth strategy “Europe 2020”: “In a changing world, from international literature and Dutch practice – fully support- we want the EU to become a smart, sustainable and inclusive ed by the fourteen Dutch (research) universities and with input economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help from many European campus management networks. Since the the EU and the Member States deliver high levels of employ- book was launched, Alexandra has been ‘on tour’, with a focus ment, productivity and social cohesion.” (http://ec.europa.eu/ on Europe, invited by academic and professional networks. The europe2020) overwhelming attention confrmed the relevance of sharing kno- wledge about “managing the university campus” in the European Involving EUA and the European Commission context. The shared challenges of European universities - and the Academic basis of the research