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Philosophical Interpretations G Open Journal of Philosophy, 2015, 5, 1-130 Published Online February 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpp Table of Contents Volume 5 Number 1 February 2015 Problems and Prospects of Geoaesthetics K. M. Kim………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..…..…………………………………………………1 New Epistemological and Methodological Criteria for Communication Sciences: The Conception as Applied Sciences of Design M. J. Arrojo……………………………………….…….…………….…….…………….…….…………….…….…………………………………………………15 A Philosophical Appraisal of the Concept of Common Origin and the Question of Racism M. O. Aderibigbe……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25 The Libyan Revolution: Philosophical Interpretations G. Okaneme……………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………31 The Misconceived Search for the Meaning of “Speech” in Freedom of Speech L. Alexander…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………….………………………39 An Inquiry into Habermas’ Institutional Translation Proviso C. C. Nweke, C. D. Nwoye…………………………………………………….………………...…………………………………….…………………………43 History as Contemporary History in the Thinking of Benedetto Croce N. Conati…………………………………….……………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………54 “Like Olive Shoots”: Insight into the Secret of a Happy Family in Psalm 128 M. J. Obiorah……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………62 Concrete Thinking K.-M. Wu……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………73 Peter Singer and the Deification of Modern Science: An Ethical Exploration M. J. Tosam, K. Mbuwir…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………87 The Place of Concept in Human Cognitive Process of Perception: Why the Conceptualists Cannot Be Right? E. O. Akintona…………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………96 The Rectification of (Modern) Names: Jürgen Habermas Meets Confucius—Fixing Our Broken Political Discourse J. Old, R. Ferrell…………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………104 Open Journal of Philosophy, 2015, 5, 1-130 Published Online February 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpp Music Education and Youth Empowerment: A Conceptual Clarification G. C. Abiogu, I. N. Mbaji, A. O. Adeogun…………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………117 From Kantian-Reinen Vernunft to the Real Dark Energy Density of the Cosmos via the Measure Concentration of Convex Geometry in Quasi Banach Spacetime M. S. El Naschie………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………123 The figure on the front cover is from the article published in Open Journal of Philosophy, 2015, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-14 by Kwang Myung Kim. Open Journal of Philosophy (OJPP) Journal Information SUBSCRIPTIONS The Open Journal of Philosophy (Online at Scientific Research Publishing, www.SciRP.org) is published quarterly by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., USA. Subscription rates: Print: $69 per issue. To subscribe, please contact Journals Subscriptions Department, E-mail: [email protected] SERVICES Advertisements Advertisement Sales Department, E-mail: [email protected] Reprints (minimum quantity 100 copies) Reprints Co-ordinator, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., USA. E-mail: [email protected] COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT AND REUSE RIGHTS FOR THE FRONT MATTER OF THE JOURNAL: Copyright © 2015 by Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ COPYRIGHT FOR INDIVIDUAL PAPERS OF THE JOURNAL: Copyright © 2015 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. REUSE RIGHTS FOR INDIVIDUAL PAPERS: Note: At SCIRP authors can choose between CC BY and CC BY-NC. Please consult each paper for its reuse rights. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY Statements and opinions expressed in the articles and communications are those of the individual contributors and not the statements and opinion of Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. We assume no responsibility or liability for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained herein. We expressly disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. If expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. PRODUCTION INFORMATION For manuscripts that have been accepted for publication, please contact: E-mail: [email protected] Open Journal of Philosophy, 2015, 5, 1-14 Published Online February 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2015.51001 Problems and Prospects of Geoaesthetics Kwang Myung Kim1,2 1Department of Philosophy, Soongsil University, Seou, South Korea 2University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA Email: [email protected] Received 14 November 2014; revised 8 December 2014; accepted 26 December 2014 Copyright © 2015 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Geoaesthetics is the project of making aesthetic sense of nature through geological phenomena. The aesthetic appreciation of nature has recently become urgent because of the serious influence of the natural environment on human beings. The author’s geoaesthetical research is categorized into three problems: art in geology or geology in the arts as the close relationship between art and geology, geological cognition of nature and natural cognition in environmental aesthetics, and the geoaesthetical approach through works of art. Geologic forces and processes have become signifi- cant materials for aesthetic sensations. Based on the geoaesthetic perspective, the author explores the ultimate purpose of art as a return to natural order. It seems partly to be related to the onto- logical problem of art. Here we can feel earthly dynamics, universal calmness, and the contempla- tive atmosphere simultaneously. Keywords Geoaesthetics, Geological Phenomena, Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature, Geoaesthetic Perspective 1. Introduction To know the world has been one of the main tenets of philosophy since the advent of philosophical history. Al- though there are heated debates over the problems of knowing, we understand that it is closely linked to the problems of perceiving. According to an empirical standpoint, knowledge has its origins primarily in our sensual perceptions. Further common perceptions enhance our communicative competence and diminish the gaps be- tween nature, art, and the sciences (Abbey & William Fiero, 1986: xii-xiii). As far as we know the context of A. G. Baumgarten (1714-1762), the first giver of a scientific name, aesthetics is a study of sensuous cognition. “The topic of aesthetics is forms and possibilities of process oriented perception. Aesthetics is concerned with mode of perception” (Seel, 1998: p. 341). The cognitive has an influence on the sensuous. The cognitive and the sensuous affect each other (Saito, 2010: p. 382). Sensuous cognition plays a key role in the field of knowledge. How to cite this paper: Kim, K. M. (2015). Problems and Prospects of Geoaesthetics. Open Journal of Philosophy, 4, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2015.51001 K. M. Kim So it is naturally related to the area of aesthetics. Since the so called ancient imitation theory of nature in art, we have experienced many theories and trends, such as formalism, expressionism, modernism, postmodernism, etc. We are living in natural surroundings as well as cultural surroundings. Nature itself has offered us many ma- terials for aesthetic sensations among our natural surroundings. Nature as the counterpart of finite man, marks, remarks, completes and renews man. We have a human project of making aesthetic sense of nature, for example geological phenomena. The contemplation of natural beauty is related, according to Kantian aesthetic theory, to the exercise of reflective aesthetic judgment (Shapiro, 2004: pp. 110-111). Besides, we accept the free play be- tween the understanding of nature and aesthetic imagination. More precisely, instead of the free play it can be substituted as a suitable proportion between understanding and imagination. With the intervention of this pro- portional relation, imagination can keep up with understanding (Plessner, 1981: pp. 317-321). “Many cultures have a long-standing tradition regarding the aesthetic appreciation of nature and environment that is often in- separable from their general worldview” (Saito, 2010: p. 383). Recently the aesthetic reappreciation of nature has become more urgent because of the serious influence of the natural environment on human beings. The natural environment is situated at the center of our daily lives, affecting us in global warming, air and soil pollution, tsunamis etc. Geological forces and processes are signifi- cant instruments for aesthetic sensations as well. Art has been an important way to appreciate geology. Geo- logical phenomena bring aesthetic understanding and form an aesthetic concept. With this aesthetic concept artwork depicts geological features. Geoaesthetics will be a turning point for reorientation toward the threefold relation between human beings, art, and nature. Geoaesthetical approaches make us think about the basis for this threefold relation. Baumgarten isolated aesthetic perception as a kind of cognition. Specifically aesthetic cogni- tion is foregrounded in the triadic relationships among geology, art and human beings. Through geoaesthetical examination, the author will review the way art can
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