capital march to win rights the MILITANT urged by martin luther king Published in the Interests of the Working People By Fred Halstead “sit-ins in congress,” if necessary. bills would touch off “massive JUNE 12 — Rev. Martin Luther The proposal was repeated by acts of civil disobedience all over Vol. 27 - No. 24 Monday, June 17, 1963 Price 10c King has proposed a mass March the SCLC northeast regional di­ the nation.” He said Negro and on Washington to pressure con­ rector, Rev. George Lawrence, white supporters of civil-rights gress to pass civil-rights legisla­ who told a news conference in groups “will tie up public tran­ tion expected to be introduced New York June 11 that unless sportation by laying our bodies next week. The head of the congress acts prom ptly on the bills, prostrate on runways of airports, Giant Detroit Demonstration Southern Christian Leadership “thousands upon thousands of across railroad tracks and at bus Conference — speaking June 9 Negroes” w ill pour into Washing­ depots.” on “Open End,” a television in­ ton to demonstrate for action. Rev. In his taped TV interview, Rev. terview program — also suggested Lawrence warned that a Dixiecrat King offered the strongest critic­ Planned by Negro Groups that the marchers might stage filibuster against the civil-rights ism he has publicly made to date of the Kennedy administration’s DETROIT — In response to the role in civil rights. He declared dramatic events in Birmingham, that both the Democratic and Re­ as w e ll as the accum ulated g rie v ­ publican parties “have betrayed ances of Detroit-style discrimina­ the cause of justice” by their col- tion, plans are well underway for a mass “Freedom March” of 100, 000 Negroes on Sunday, June 23. Beginning at 2:30 p.m., the march­ JUNE 12 — VVe are just going ers will walk from Vernor and to press at the time of the Woodward (near downtown De­ shocking news of the racist troit) to Cobo Hall, the city’s con­ murder of Medgar Evers, Mis­ vention centcr, for a giant rally sissippi Field Secretary of the featuring Rev. M artin Luther King. NAACP. Fighters for equality The demonstration, organized by and brotherhood can best honor the newly formed Detroit Coun­ cil for Human Rights, headed by the memory of this heroic Rev. C. L. Franklin, has received martyr by extending his strug­ pledges of support from hundreds gle for full Freedom NOW. of community organizations, block clubs, churches, local unions, youth groups and others; the Socialist laboration with Dixiecrats, and Workers Party has also expressed sharply criticised Kennedy for its full support. failing to take a “moral stand” on Thousands of leaflets, stickers, the issue of desegregation. King’s posters, etc. arc being distributed words, however, were mild com­ announcing the march. Thousands pared to statements by others in of free copies of the D e tro it the movement. C o u rie r and of Illu strated News, The Rev. James Bevel, an SCLC militant Negro bi-weekly, are be­ aide from Mississippi, was quoted ing circulated throughout neigh­ in the June 9 New York Times borhoods and churches. A group magazine as saying: “Some punk of Wayne State University stu­ who calls himself the President dents, many from the new student has the audacity to tell people to organization, Uhuru, signed up 650 go slow. I’m not prepared to be participants for a campus contin­ humiliated by white trash the rest gent in a single afternoon. Similar of my life, including Mr. Ken­ activity is going on in every cor­ nedy.” ner of the community. The fighting mood summed up Unlike some past civil-rights by that statement and manifested demonstrations, which have tried (Continued on Page 8) to restrict participation to “ap­ proved” organizations, all groups have been invited to march under their own banners and with their own slogans. Battle to Win One of the outstanding features of the march is that the leader­ ship is not in the hands of the Freedom Now conservative “old guard.” In the early stages, when the idea of a march was first projected, the NAACP and Trade Union Leader­ Keeps Rising ship Council (TULC), local af­ filiate of the Negro American La­ By W ill Lutter bor Council, together with white Throughout the country Negroes liberals and certain labor leaders, are marching, sitting-in, picketing tried to discourage the action un­ and sometimes battling the police, less it would be controlled by as the struggle for equality and “ respectable” figures (themselves). freedom thunders onward in a Rumors were spread that funds Vietnam Tyranny in Deep Crisis crescendo of protest. would be mishandled; that Rev. cials were hopeful that there of the population is Buddhist, de­ In Danville, Va., police and King and the Southern Christian By Steve Graham would be a cooling off in the re­ stroys Washington’s whitewash of deputized city employes went wild, Leadership Conference, which w ill Awe-inspiring forms of protest ligious crisis. Diem had issued a D iem “ as le ad ing a broad n a tio n a l using nightsticks and sawed-off receive all money collected, would marked the Buddhist campaign baseball bats on demonstrators al­ statement criticizing some officials movement to which the population not endorse the council while it against the religious oppression for their “insensitive” handling of is constantly rallying.” ready downed by high-pressure was headed by such men as Rev. of dictator Ngo Dinh Diem, as the “people.” However, his surly gen­ fire hoses, as they broke up a Franklin and Rev. Albert Cleage, crisis in South Vietnam continued In the ceremonies over the prayer vigil on the city hall steps eralities did not admit govern­ charred remains of the self-im­ w ho has been characterized as a despite U S. attempts to cool it off. and charged a crowd near the jail ment responsibility for the May 8 molated monk, his co-religionists “racist” because of his uncom­ On June 10 in Saigon, a 73- protesting earlier arrests. Forty- massacre and failed to satisfy the promising militancy. year-old Buddhist monk had his appealed in English to U.S. m ili­ five Negroes were hospitalized. B uddists. All efforts to disrupt the unity robes doused with gasoline and tary personnel to help them and Over 100 more were jailed. Snipers then set fire to himself. Sur­ not to supply Diem’s troops with (Continued on Page 2) Barbed Wire in the Negro community allegedly rounded by a thousand praying weapons to be used against them. fired 15 shots at police prowl cars and chanting monks and nuns, who Moreover, the stacking of barbed Gen. Paul D. Harkins, head of wire barricades on street corners in retaliation. Jury's Verdict kept the police away during the the U.S. forces in South Vietnam, In Cambridge, Md., Negro lead­ ten-minute ordeal, the monk, sat and the concentration of elite on June 10, ordered U.S. “ad­ troops in Saigon gave the lie to ers, charging a doublecross, broke Against Muslims serenely, holding a string of beads, visers” (in plain English: troops) a three-week truce with calls for U.S. talk of cooling off. The very not to accompany South Viet­ JUNE 10 — After unusual­ as he bu rne d to death as a protest mass protests against the inde­ against Diem. day of Diem’s statement, his namese m ilitary units on missions ly long deliberation, the all- terminate sentences given two 15- Monks and nuns carried signs, planes dropped leaflets on Hue to suppress the Buddhists. Fur­ white jury in the eight-week denouncing the leading Buddhist year-old demonstrators previously saying: “A Buddhist priest burns thermore, any South Vietnamese arrested. Negroes, jailed in the old Los Angeles trial of 14 priest. The next day, Madame Ngo for five demands.” These were requests for equipment under di­ most recent demonstrations, went Black Muslims was today or­ the demands put forward May 8 Dinh Nhu, wife of Diem’s brother rect U.S. control — for example, and closest adviser, denounced on a rampage, smashing plumbing dered by the judge to render after government troops, using helicopters — must now be cleared fixtures and stuffing mattresses a partial decision. The jury armored cars, shot and ran down Buddhist leaders as “Communist with Harkins before delivery. U.S. dupes.” The government persisted through cell bars. Rabbi Israel M. returned verdicts finding four Buddhist demonstrators in the personnel, Harkins says, are to re­ Goldman, vice-chairman of the in its pretense that “Communist main “neutral” in the dispute be­ Muslims guilty of resisting city of Hue, killing nine. The Maryland Commission on Inter­ agitators” caused the May 8 tween the Catholic government police. One of these was also demands are: 1) the right to fly racial Problems warned: “These the Buddhist flag; 2) equal rights violence. and the Buddhist population, un­ found guilty of simple as­ people are full of resentment and with the Catholic Church; 3) an U.S. officials now fear Diem’s less “Communist” guerrillas be­ feel they are being betrayed. We sault but not of felonious end to government persecution of regime may be overturned. One come involved. are facing racial disaster in this assault as charged. Jurors Buddhists; 4) government ac­ official, according to the New But the U.S. is not neutral. It country, and, God forbid, violent were ordered to continue de­ knowledgement of responsibility York Times, described the situa­ created the Diem dictatorship. It revolution.” liberation and report further for the May 8 killings and wound- tion as “watching something maintains it in power. It finances • In St. Louis pickets protested ther verdicts as they were ings; and 5) punishment of those slowly slipping through your fin­ it, arms it, and trains its soldiers. “ face-to-face” segregation where- reached. responsible. gers.” The religious dispute in a It is as responsible for Diem’s acts A few days before, US. offi- country where about 80 per cent as he is. (Continued on Page 2) Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, June 17, 1963

New Washington Numbers Game Gov’t Juggles Fallout Safety Figures Fallout from nuclear tests will ternationally and must conduct contaminate food in the United more nuclear tests, levels above the industrial exposure standard States with 50 strontium units this may be okay.” year, compared to 8 to 13 units Women S trike For Peace issued The management of the Chicago “disarmed” the unions. “The com­ last year, the Federal Radiation a statement June 3 protesting “the Heights Ford plant is taking fur­ panies don’t have to give an inch,” Council announced on June 3. irresponsible action which the ther advantage of the treacherous said one union negotiator, “they A few more years of testing at Federal Radiation council is taking refusal of the international offi­ know the government is going to the 1962 rate could raise the to raise the radiation protection cials of the United Auto Workers step in, so why bargain with us?” guideline.” radiation content in food to a level to back up the membership of Lo­ If a strike is actually called, a The statement continued: “Now where the government, under ex­ cal 588. The company fired 15 bill imposing compulsory arbitra­ that fallout from the nuclear tests isting regulations, could be forced more men June 15 apparently for tion on the unions in this single of 1962 is reaching record levels, to take counter-measures. As a picketing last month during a dispute w ill be presented to con­ we find that once again the gov­ result, the council, a cabinet-level strike over safety conditions. In­ gress and is expected to pass ernment is evading, rather than advisory board to the president, is ternational officials refused to au­ quickly. The bill has been drafted meeting the issue. considering revising present reg­ thorize the strike. Fired earlier by the railroad corporations which “By avoiding definite levels at ulations. were Bernard Fox, local president, are planning to get it introduced which counter-measures would be Present regulations stipulate and John Conway, unit commit­ by administration spokesmen. that when the level of radioac­ advised, by falsely assuring the teeman, who stopped an unsafe * * * tivity in food is under 20 stron­ public of no health hazards, by press by job action because they tium units, the government does making guidelines infinitely ad­ couldn’t get prompt action with Reaction to the congressional nothing. When the radiation level justable so as to contain future the grievance procedure clogged vote against renewal of Public is from 20 to 200 units, the gov­ increases, and by neglecting pre­ with 220 unsettled grievances. Law 78 — the Mexican farm labor parations for feasible counter­ program — has not been what ernment watches the contamina­ * * * tion closely. And when the radio­ measures, the government is seri­ some observers expected. The activity rises to the 200-to-2,000- ously remiss in its duty toward His bark is notoriously worse Southwestern farm operators have unit range, the Radiation Council public welfare. than his bite, but for what it is objected very little to the vote, considers whether or not to take “We feel that this new action is worth, here is what Transport w hile the Mexican capitalist press counter-measures to remove the an attempt to legalize a recognized Workers Union President Michael has been highly critical. Mexican radioactive contaminants from the hazard just as if it were decided J. Q u ill said in a recent issue of ruling circles are worried about food. This year the radioactive DAGMAR WILSON, initiator of to legalize a certain amount of the union’s paper: “Big business the elim ination of the “ escape content of the food reached the Women’s Strike for Peace. crime. in the United States has, fo r too valve” of migratory work in the second range. “While scientists disagree on long, run our government. Now US. for the increasingly impover­ Representative Melvin Price face revision, are based on stand­ levels of radiation causing diseases our government must run big busi­ ished and restive Mexican peas­ (D-Ill.), a member of the Joint ards developed to protect workers such as cancer, and hence, the ness.” Q uill called fo r “ govern­ antry. Committee on Atomic Energy, said in radioactive-materials industries. numbers of people who w ill suffer ment ownership of all big in­ As for the U.S. operators, their the proposed regulations would Dr. Paul C- Tompkins, executive from fallout to date, they are not dustry.” need for imported migratory labor boost the “ lim its so the risks do director of the Radiation Council disagreed that any additional ra­ “This approach,” said Quill, has fallen off in recent years due not look like hazards.” told the joint committee at a hear­ diation is likely to cause additional “would of course be branded as partly to the increasing unem­ The safety limits, which now ing, “If we get pushed hard in­ damage.” Socialism; but unless the big mid­ ployment in this country and part­ dleman is put out of business, un­ ly to the mechanization of agri­ less the p ro fit system is taken out culture, particularly the cotton of big industry and our natural picking machine. These factors ... Giant Demonstration Planned in Detroit resources, we in America are de­ have created a large pool of do­ finitely headed for another army mestic labor forced to work for rade. The local NAACP is still of­ (Continued from Page 1) offering full support. The Michi­ of 15 or 16 million unemployed.” p itifu lly low wages. Some big of the march have so far failed. gan A FL-C IO has announced its ficially holding out, however. Quill said government owner­ farm operators recently have ac­ More and more now the tendency endorsement. The liberal police Rev. Cleage, w ritin g in Illu s ­ ship is the only solution to the tually been rejecting use of the is to get on the bandwagon before commissioner has even offered the problem of joblessness due to rail­ trated News, pointed out that the Mexican farm labor program be­ it is too late. TULC did a flip-flop police marching band and the road automation and mergers. old guard leadership has “ missed cause under it the U.S. and from its original stance and is now mounted division to head the pa- “There is only one alternative to Mexican governments set up cer­ an im portant fact. The time has immediate government seizure and tain minimum standards of pay passed when power in the Negro control of the railroads — and that and conditions, while U S. citizens is a general strike of all railroad community is derived from the — or the Mexican laborers who ... Freedom Fight Keeps Rising workers from the Atlantic to the support and good will of white enter the country illegally — have Pacific.” no such protection. (Continued from Page 1) • In Ann Arbor, 200 Negroes liberals. Any Negro leadership * * * For example, in 1962 the U.S. by black children, attending the and whites demonstrated all night must secure its strength from the The Amalgamated Clothing Department of Labor set a mini­ Workers, which has organized same schools as whites, have sep­ at city hall fo r s w ift passage of a masses of Negro people. I t must mum wage of 70 cents an hour for most laundry workers in the New arate classes, use separate doors, fair-housing ordinance. speak for them, articulating their workers imported under the pro­ and have separate times for lunch Y ork C ity area, is tryin g to or­ Progress was registered in Nash­ legitim ate aspirations in all areas gram. At the same time, U-S.- and recess. ganize the 1,500 Chinese who iron born, displaced sharecroppers and ville, where, following weeks of of the freedom struggle.” shirts at some 60 non-union shirt • In Los Angeles, a united front cotton crop workers in nearby very m ilitant demonstrations, a bi- laundries. The union isn’t getting of Negro organizations presented This observation aptly explains Arkansas, were working for 50 racial committee announced that very far, however, because wage demands to city and county offi­ why in the Detroit area, with a cents an hour. most downtown hotels, motels and Negro population of over half a scales are so abysmally low in the cials fo r action against de facto * * * restaurants have agreed to deseg­ unionized laundries that the Chi­ school segregation. They also de­ million, the NAACP, TULC and regate immediately. nese shirt ironers find they make A “ break down” livened up the nounced police brutality and job other respectable organizations Progress was also made in more than union scale — plus two ten-month-old strike against the discrimination on projects involv­ were able to get a turnout of only Orlando, Fla., where most local meals a day. Most employees of Shell O il Company in Pasadena, ing public funds. 350 at a May 10 rally in solidarity businessmen agreed to hire Ne­ with Birmingham, while 1,000 regular laundries are Negroes and Texas last month. Dozens of cars • In Newark, Negroes threaten groes as clerks, salesmen, secre­ people paid $3 a plate to attend a Puerto Ricans, and the laundry suddenly stalled on the highway to picket city construction projects taries and in other positions cus­ testimonial dinner for the “dis­ industry is arbitrarily exempted outside the plant May 21, back­ where they find job discrimina­ tomarily restricted to whites. reputable” Rev. Cleage on May 25. from federal minimum-wage cov­ ing up traffic for miles. The tion. The Newark Co-ordinating Violence was narrowly averted erage. Houston Press printed a picture Council sponsored a demonstration in Gadsden, Ala., as white hood­ Turning Point? * * * of cars with their hoods up, their owners poking around in the mo­ of 75 Negroes at city hall; gave lums moved in on teenage Negroes If the march is successful in The West Penn Power Company tors. The caption read: “Car Trou­ the mayor 30 days to act. picketing a variety store. Wide­ mobilizing 100,000 Negroes, or claims its lines have been sabo­ ble — As Far As the Eye Can • In Englewood, N.J., 75 adults spread picketing of lunch counters even anywhere near that figure, it taged. The company was struck See.” Strikers said they were and 35 children marched from the continues there. Restaurants were w ill be one of the most im portant last month by 1,300 service, lines, almost completely Negro Lincoln also a target in Savannah where demonstrations in the North in and production workers organized grateful for the publicity to dramatize their demands for job school to the predominantly white 104 Negroes were arrested June 9. many years. It would signal a in Local 102 of the Utility Work­ Cleveland school, in that com­ In Albany, Ga., complaints have turning point in the Northern ers of America, AFL-CIO. security in the face of automation. Royal Dutch Shell has been op­ munity’s long battle over desegre­ been made to the FBI that girls struggle just as significant as the The company claims barbed erating the plant with supervisors gation. were forced by police matrons to student sit-ins did in the South wire was thrown over a power disrobe in front of male prisoners. three years ago. It would fu rth e r line in Butler county, burning out and some scabbing building-trades Two white members of the Stu­ weaken the hold of the conserva­ a transformer, and that tree union members. dent Nonviolent Co-ordinating tive and gradualist Negro leader­ branches were found across power Committee, Joyce Barrett of ship, who have now lost the ini­ lines in an area where there are Philadelphia and Joni Rabinowitz tiative. It would inspire the Negro no trees. of New Rochelle, N. Y., are the masses w ith greater confidence in The union is demanding job- CHICAGO complainants. Albany Police Chief their own independent strength security safeguards. The company Documents Laurie Pritchett denied a charge Changes in Marriage and the Family. and encourage them to rely, on it, has sought injunctions against Speaker, Evelyn Reed, socialist writer by SNCC member Faith Holsaert rather than on phony allies, and mass picketing in Pennsylvania of the and lecturer on anthropology. Fri., June of Brooklyn that a “policeman ran it would help to produce a new counties where it has power sta­ 21, 8 p.m. Debs H all 210, 302 S. Canal his hand over me and threatened and more radical leadership. It tions, and has hired a number of Negro Struggle St. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. to strip me after I was arrested.” would also undoubtedly stimulate private gumnen since the strike • further similar mass action in oth­ began. * * * Texts of discussions on ques­ DETROIT ATLANTA — The jailing of er Northern cities. tion with Leon Trotsky and Three Negro Students Discuss Pro­ three college students brought to The big thing about this march, Five railroad operating craft spects for Equality. Speakers Charles 89 the number of sit-in demon­ therefore, w ill be the size of the unions have notified their locals to o f analytical resolutions turnout. That is what the Negroes’ be prepared to strike as railroad Johnson, Rufus Griffin, John Watson. strators arrested since April. Ne­ adopted by conventions of Fri., June 21, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 gro and white college and high- foes and friends w ill be watching. corporations prepare to institute Woodward. Ausp. Friday Night Social­ school students, and some teachers The size of the march w ill be the new work rules which have Socialist Workers Party. ist Forum. more important than the plans of been in dispute for several years. • from Atlanta’s predominantly Ne­ gro colleges, have been active the leaders, the program of Rev. Union leaders, however, don’t take 65 cents NEW YORK here. In another development King, and even the specific slo­ the notifications very seriously, J O H N O . KILLENS, author of "And Howard Zinn, chairman of Spel- gans carried by various groups. because government intervention Pioneer Publishers Then W e Heard the Thunder" and man College’s history department So the immediate job of every­ is expected. The fact that govern­ 116 University Place "Y oungblood" speaks on 100 Years of and a member of the SNCC execu­ one who wants Freedom Now is ment mediators and boards in this Freedom? Fri., June 21, 8:30 p.m. 116 tive committee, has been fired to help get out 100,000 Negroes, or dispute have repeatedly declared New York 3, N. Y. University Place. C ontrib. $1 (students, 50c.). Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. without warning. more, on June 23. that there can be no strike has Monday, June 17, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Three Cruel and Unusual Punishment THE MILITANT Pomeroys Still Persecuted Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY By Constance Weissman exposed the facts about their fate. In December, 1961, they were re­ Published weekly, except from July 11 to Sept. 5 when published bi-weekly, A husband and wife, unjustly leased. by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 110 University PI., New York 3. N.Y. Phone imprisoned for ten years, have CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; B ut freedom has been a sad ex­ been trying in vain for over a Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily perience for them. Upon his re­ year since their release to break represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. lease, Pomeroy was deported to through the inhumane and vindic­ the U.S. If he returns to the tive red tape of the laws and im­ V ol. 27 - No. 24 345 M onday, June 17, 1963 Philippines he w ill be sent back migration regulations of the U.S. to prison. Actions and appeals to and the Philippine Republic which obtain a U.S. visa fo r Celia Pom­ keeps them apart. Despairing of eroy have been unavailing. This being able to be together in either couple has been separated for A Test-Ban Treaty? country, the couple decided the more than eleven years, enduring only possibility of being reunited President Kennedy’s June 10 speech at the American Uni­ the worst hardships. It has been was to meet in another country. common practice for democratic versity in Washington, D.C., has raised mankind’s hopes that a But the Philippine Republic now governments to respect the right refuses to issue the wife a visa. ban on nuclear testing may soon be arrived at. of a married couple of different Only a campaign of public pro­ That the decision whether or not there shall be such a ban national origins to remain together test on their behalf can make it Celia Pomeroy — even though this meant making rests w ith Washington has been glaringly evident since Kennedy’s possible for the long-suffering, exceptions to certain immigration rejection of the offer of three yearly inspections made by Khrush­ long-separated husband and wife William Pomeroy graduated regulations. to be reunited. from high school in Rochester, chev after he had been led by U.S. diplomats to believe that Yet U.S. officials have told Mrs. N. Y., during the depression of Pomeroy that under the terms of would be acceptable. Indeed, world scientific opinion backs the Ten Year Term the 1930’s. He went to the Philip­ the Walter-McCarran Immigration Soviet contention that U.S. insistence on more inspections is not The Militant of Nov. 21, 1960, pine Islands as a soldier in World Act she cannot enter this country War II. He took part in the inva­ justified. Obviously that insistence has been merely a dodge to told the earlier part of the story unless she proves by her actions of William Pomeroy, a young sion of Leyte and was later sta­ for five years that she has repu­ avoid a test ban. American, and his wife, Celia, both tioned at Fort Statsenberg in Cen­ diated her struggles for Philippine Though a test ban cannot by any stretch of the imagination of whom had been imprisoned in tral Luzon. There he became ac­ independence and land reform. be considered as ending the nuclear arms race or as a beginning of the Philippine Islands for ten quainted with the movement of W illiam Pomeroy has been advised the Huks, met some of them and disarmament, it would nonetheless be a positive step. For nuclear years. not to write or do anything “dis­ became sympathetic to th e ir cause. testing is endangering the biological capital of all mankind. They had been given life sen­ pleasing” or he w ill never see his After the war he returned to wife again. It must be kept in mind that Kennedy’s willingness for high- tences after being forced to plead guilty to charges specifying 16 in­ the United States and was dis­ level talks about a ban is based not on any sudden conversion to No Passport cidents in which neither had par­ charged from the army in 1946. The Pomeroys have therefore peacefulness but on the fact that it would now be to the interest ticipated. Indeed, Pomeroy obvi­ In less than a year he went back decided to go to a th ird country of U.S. imperialism. ously could not have participated to the Philippines to continue his to live. They do not want to do A truce to testing by U.S. imperialism and the Kremlin, in some of them because they oc­ studies at the University of the this, but they want to be together curred before he arrived in the Philippines. He became a writer, both of whom apparently have concluded a new series of tests, after all the years of separation. Philippines. married Celia Mariano, and to­ would at this juncture serve their common interests by hindering Celia Pomeroy applied for a However, both pleaded guilty in gether, under pressure of the anti- the spread of nuclear weapons among the other nations of the Philippine passport six months ago order to escape death sentences. Huk terror, they went to the hills w o rld . to join the guerrilla fighters. so that she could join her husband Certainly opponents of war would be naive to think that the Celia Mariano, a teacher, was in this new country. She has not received an answer but the Philip­ sweet reasonableness of Kennedy’s June 10 speech cancels out his one of the first to join the re­ sistance after the Japanese inva­ pine Foreign Affairs Office indi­ bellicose record, which includes putting the world on the brink cated they would reject her appli­ last October and building the U.S. nuclear arsenal to megalo­ sion. She worked with the Huks all through the war, teaching, cation, because they think that maniac overkill proportions. writing, publishing underground Mrs. Pomeroy would be “a threat newspapers and even fighting. to the national security” abroad. We urge our readers to write, In Memory of the Rosenbergs Captured preferably by airmail (25c per half ounce), to President Diosdado While in the mountains, both of It is ten years now since Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Macapagal, Malacanang, Manila, the Pomeroys taught and wrote. Philippine Republic, asking that railroaded to the electric chair at the height of the witch-hunt In April, 1952, both William and he approve a passport for Celia and cold-war hysteria. On June 19, 1953 they were electrocuted Celia Pomeroy were captured. Mariano Pomeroy so that she may despite their pleas of innocence and world-wide appeals for They were kept in severe close join her husband. clemency from such notables as the pope and the president of confinement in separate prisons France. This was the first peace-time execution on espionage for ten years. Meantime, Japanese charges in U.S. history. It is an ineradicable blot on this country’s collaborators had long since been record. given amnesty. A t the same travesty of a trial, and on even flim sier evidence, In 1960, a committee headed by Vincent Hallinan was formed to Morton Sobell was sentenced to 30 years imprisonment for “con­ win freedom for the Pomeroys, spiracy to commit espionage.” Despite constant appeals, his case William Pomeroy after the National Guardian had has never been reviewed and he still languishes in prison in increasingly bad health. Recently he was moved from Atlanta to a prison medical center in Missouri. Doctors, emphasizing his poor Militant Fund Drive health, have joined many prominent persons in urging his release. Though he is eligible for parole, it is denied him. The Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell plans a There’s Just Time for You to Pitch In series of public activities around this tenth anniversary to back up an appeal to the Supreme Court and appeals for executive By Marvel Scholl clemency. These activities include a Carnegie Hall meeting June National Fund Drive Director 19 to be addressed by Dr. Harold Urey and featuring a filmed This is the next to the last fund Dollars are important a ll of the interview with Bertrand Russell. A youth demonstration is also story and scoreboard in The M ili­ time. They keep the printer, the planned at the White House, Saturday, June 15. ta n t’s $21,000 Fund Campaign. post office, the photo-engraver, Partisans of civil liberties and democracy should join in these etc., happy. Five cities have already made it actions wherever possible. There is no better way to mark the The Militant staff are all so­ to the top or gone over. Chicago, anniversary of the savage execution of the Rosenbergs than by cialists. They work long, hard participating in the campaign to free their fellow victim of whose performance in this cam­ hours writing the paper and plan­ in ju s tic e . paign has been exemplary sent in ning its layout, almost entirely on an additional $100 in order to show a voluntary basis. But the printing company and paper suppliers are Baltimore it really meant business not socialists. The wherewithal to in its early challenge to all groups keep them turning our written Fund Scoreboard for first place first! That is So­ copy into a newspaper is vitally City Quota Paid Percent cialist competition in action and im portant. we like it! Chicago $ 1.400 $ 1,505 108 And we hope that you w ill feel Newark 225 245 104 Salute to Newark that such contributions will be Baltimore 120 120 100 worth your while in terms of re­ St. Louis 100 100 100 Newark also deserves special ceiving a weekly paper that con­ Detroit 900 902 100 mention. For the first time in a tains a significant amount of im­ TO SPEAK AT NEW Boston 750 718 96 good many years it has gone over portant material not available else­ YORK FORUM. John O. Kil- Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,000 945 95 the top in a campaign. Congratu­ where. In the past we have pre­ San Diego 400 347 89 lations. sented a substantial amount of ex­ lens, distinguished novelist, M ilwaukee 350 300 86 I would also like to make special clusive coverage on the great will speak at the Militant Oakland-Berkeley 750 579 85 mention of a small group in Pitts­ events in Cuba and Algeria; on the Labor Forum Friday, June 21, 150 125 83 burgh who pledged $10 to The Sino-Soviet debate, etc. W ith your at 8:30 p.m. His subject will San Francisco 750 590 79 General’s quota and came through help we intend to continue making be “100 Years of Freedom?” The General 395 309 78 with more than they had pledged. such news available in this coun­ M r. Killens is the author of This small group of three people, Cleveland 500 380 76 try. the widely read novel about Connecticut two of whom are seriously ill, So keep your Truth Dollars roll­ 200 150 75 Southern Negro life, Y o u n g ­ New Y ork 5,800 3,991 69 have very little extra money yet ing in. With our loyal readers to blood, and the recently pub­ Denver 130 89 69 they continue to support The provide the financial means, The Seattle 600 391 65 M ilita n t with their Truth Dollars, M ilita n t staff pledges itself to keep lished And Then We Heard Los Angeles 6,300 3,360 53 not just during campaigns, but all the paper at its high level and to the Thunder, about a Negro’s Philadelphia 300 141 47 through the year. do everything possible to improve experience in a Jim Crow I would like to take this op­ it. Send your contributions to 116 Army unit during World War Totals to June 10 $21,120 $15,345 72% portunity to urge readers to em­ University Place, New York 3, II. ulate our Pittsburgh friends. Truth New York. Page Four THE MILITANT — M A Symposium: Which Road Leads toofenduringpeace?aworld

[The Militant Labor Forum in But that doesn’t mean that I people demonstrating in the streets thing to help implement the peace New York was filled to capacity believe that atomic war is inev­ keeping the capitalists off balance. makers. May 10 to hear a symposium on itable. We can avert that disaster For example, I believe that the When we had our audience “Which Road to Peace?” The but we can only do it by fighting demonstrations in Birmingham with Pope John on the 24th of panelists were Dave Dellinger, every concrete act of war or move right now are a major force for April we represented 65 women Fred Halstead, Mrs. Pauline Lurie toward war as it occurs. And as peace. from 18 countries. We had three and Harry Purvis. The following effectively as we can. And that races, six faiths and non-believers are excerpts from their presenta­ can only be done in the course of Mrs. Lurie: I speak not as a and it was quite a task for us from tions.] — and never in contradiction to pacifist or a social revolutionist our various backgrounds to get * * * the struggle of the mass of the but as a frightened mother really. together and make a simple com­ ordinary people against the spe­ Dellinger: .. . I think that what But I agree with you that stop­ promise statement. And yet we did cially privileged. we have to do if we want peace ping nuclear war is our primary it. We felt this should be an ex­ is attack the causes of war. Just look at the history of re­ concern, our first concern. And ample to the politicians. Now this may not seem very cent times, say since the Second although I can’t help participating We were told by the pope — he revolutionary or very novel. I t is. World War. There were those in in many actions fo r peace m y con­ thanked us for coming and he said Because we all like to live with the capitalist world who planned cern is that we speak mostly to to us, in returning to your homes the assumption that things are not to start the Third World War as ourselves. We all agree, I am sure, and your countries, be every­ going to be quite as difficult as soon as the second one was over. that there are terrible injustices in where ambassadors fo r peace. We they really are. It’s a natural hu­ That’s why Hiroshima Harry the world and until they are stop­ were met by U Thant who was in man tendency which we’re all dropped the atom bomb on Hiro- ped there w ill be no true peace. Geneva for only a day and prey to follow the line of least But my hope is that with a new agreed to see a few of our wom­ resistance. And this is particularly program of Women for Peace that en. He said work such as ours was true, in a society like ours, for we can reach and speak to new close to his heart. That we should those of us who are gregarious people. We can involve new peo­ keep it up. We were asked by peo­ and don’t like to be completely ple, we can educate new people ple in the street could they sign isolated and apart from personal on what peace w ill mean. a petition? What could they do to and normal social life and, per­ The point of Women for Peace help? They felt that our concern haps, like to think of ourselves as is the simplicity of the program. was their concern. They wanted being effective. We have no dues, nor organiza­ to w ork fo r peace. They didn’t Therefore there’s a great ten­ tion, we have no leaders, no mem­ just want to talk about it any­ dency not to come down as hard bers, there is complete autonomy. more. as we could, and as we must, What individual groups or women And we feel we must support on the things that actually cause care to do they are free to do. by our physical presence, by let­ w ar .... It starts all the way We feel that on this basis we can ters, by program, by education, from proving that we’re more ask many people to do what we the e ffo rt to make serious peace patriotic than the militarists but are doing. Simply ask for peace proposals. And we must at the BAN THE BOMB! A Women's Si that we want peace and won’t and disarmament. Say “no” to same time say “no” vigorously — onstration at the United Nations. they just do this one little thing war, “no” to the warmakers. Sup­ if that’s what you mean — by port the United Nations. That is a little differently. Maybe that upsetting interests that are vested velop the United Nations and w ill lead to some things that are the full extent of our program. and established. We say “no” very We feel that although many peo­ here I align myself with Mrs. more difficult to realize but es­ vigorously by demonstrating and Lurie and against David Dellinger sentially represent the same ten­ ple support other peace groups by trying to upset those we feel that have more complex and in­ and Fred Halstead. Because I dency, that is, not coming to grips are not serious in their efforts for think we need a police force as in a very real sense w ith the volved programs, they can all take peace. part in a program such as the distinct from military force. I point that “war is the health of We felt that past wars and con­ DAVE DELLINGER is a left-wing Women for Peace have. Whereas think there’s an important moral the state,” as Randolph Bourne flicts though they were costly distinction, ethical distinction that said during World War I. pacifist. He has participated in the reverse is not true actually . .. Our feeling is best stated by Dr. were limited. They were limited we should keep in mind. There’s a pretty real sense in many peace walks, vigils, fasts and Spock who we all felt always to those bearing arms and that What the world needs is a police which war is no accident. Now other anti-war actions. He is an spoke to us in a very straight was pretty much their free choice. force for the United Nations and accidental war may take place — editor of Liberation magazine. fashion. He said there is no point But now we feel that new under­ a criminal court such as the that’s an entirely different thing. standings and attitudes are need­ Nuremberg court, not with all the shima and Nagasaki. Everybody in raising children if they’re go­ It’s no accident in our society. It’s ed in the face of nuclear annihila­ bad things about the Nuremberg knows that the war was won and ing to get burned alive. The first the logical culmination of the ev­ tion . . . court but with the essential good that that mass murder was meant step is to get rid of nuclear test­ eryday processes of our economic A world of peace is a world in thing about the Nuremberg trials for only one thing, to show the ing as soon as we can. The danger and social power structure . . . which ideological differences can that it held individuals respon­ rest of the world that the rulers of of annihilation through miscalcu­ I think it’s a tragic mistake for be discussed and arbitrated. I sible for violation of international the U nited States are top dog. lation or mistake is ten times people interested in peace to say, greater than the risk that the Rus­ don’t believe that because men law. We must change the nature The third world war didn’t come “Now let’s not be divisive. Let’s sians w ill fool us. can’t negotiate and compromise of international law and not con­ right after the second, and it didn’t not bring in those economic ques­ Most of the women I know in that my children must die. We sider that it is broken by nations, come not because someone else tions. Let’s not bring in those po­ Women for Peace would rather know all of us what peace can communities and try to punish had an atomic deterrent. Nobody litical questions .... stay home . . . we don’t relish do for us, the beautiful world we communities anymore than we go else had it for quite a while. It the idea of leaving our families, could have in peace. Now we have out and lynch a community when didn’t come because there were spending money . . . to lobby, go to see w hat we can do fo r peace. the leaders of that community Halstead: First I want to make a number of revolutionary devel­ it clear that the avoidance of nu­ have violated the rights of some­ opments which occurred through­ Purvis: . . . Well now which body else . . . clear war is the most important out the world which kept the cap­ question of our time even for rev­ road to peace? The road to peace There are people who climb on ita lis t class of balance. olutionary socialists. which I advocate is the road em­ the backs of others. That’s why At the same time I believe in The first of these I participated bodied in that revolutionary docu­ you do need police. That’s why the struggle for socialism. And I in myself, even though I didn’t ment of 1776. That the self-evi­ you do need courts to decide believe that everything is subor­ know anything about it at the dent truths are that all men are whether someone’s climbing on dinate to that, to fighting always time. I was in the navy, in the equally endowed with right to life the backs of others or just trying for the poor and the humble Sixth Fleet, helping to carry Na­ and liberty and that governments to prevent someone else climbing against the exploiters and the tionalist soldiers from Shanghai are instituted among men to se­ on his back. I th in k it goes back usurpers of unnecessary privilege. up north to fight the Communists. cure these rights and derive their to the ancient Hebrew scriptures, There’s no contradiction be­ But that didn’t last long because just power from the governed . . . thou shall love thy neighbor as tween those two things as I see we had a ‘going home’ movement. And if we really dedicate our­ thyself. This is the very basis of it- One comes from the other. Not because we gave a damn or selves to these self-evident truths the Declaration of Independence I don’t believe that we will knew anything and cared less, as we will amend our constitution, and the whole idea of rights. Un­ ever have secure peace until we’ve ordinary American sailors, about eliminate the power to declare fortunately man is fallible, he done away with the exploitation the struggle between the National­ war just as we eliminated slavery. does use his lib e rty to interfere of man by man, until we don’t ists and Communists but because Because war is an indiscrim­ with the liberty of other people so need the cops and the extension we wanted to go home. inate use of governmental power, we have to have third-party ad­ of the internal exploitative sys­ It was sufficient so that if they an unjust power in that it indis­ judication, I think. We have to tem — which is imperialist ex­ had involved us in that war we criminately punishes the innocent have a third party to settle a dis­ pansion. would have just sat down and with the guilty, it puts a bomb pute and that’s what we need in done nothing. And the British on the baby in the bathtub along the world today . . . Navy there would have mutined. MRS. PAULINE LURIE is a rep­ with the person who’s putting I know because I talked with resentative of Women’s Strike for people in gas chambers. This is [Following the initial presenta­ British sailors. And the capital­ Peace. Several days before the not respect for the life and liberty tions there was a question period ist governments couldn’t possibly symposium she was in Rome with of people, not respecting individ­ Four Canadians and then brief summaries by the have gotten the war going because a WSP delegation to which the ual rights; and in the second it panelists. The following are ex­ of what amounted to revolution­ late Pope John X X II I granted an places the use of governmental cerpts from their answers to ques­ ary mass sentiment. And the sec­ audience. power outside of our jurisdiction. Who Saw Cuba tions and from the summaries. ond thing that staved off the war To try to deter the actions of peo­ The summaries were made in re­ Four Canadians — a member of the was the Chinese Revolution. on trains, visit congressmen. We’re ple to try to govern the conduct verse order of the presentations.] British Columbia legislature, a union­ It is my position that it is sow­ none of us actually politicians. We of people through terror but to ist-journalist, a school principal, and ing an illusion to say to people that leave that to the politicians. govern the conduct of peoples * * * a college student — who all visited you can avoid war by having con­ But we would like to exert a who have no representation in Purvis: . . . I think we have to Cuba recently, offer honest and il­ ferences of the various leaders of moral influence on these men. We that government is not a just be careful not to find scapegoats luminating reports on what life is the powerful nations of the world. felt, for example, that our recent power derived from the consent for our troubles. I really feel that really like there. Published by the These may serve some purpose but pilgrimage to Rome was a case in of the governed. some people have an illusion that it’s strictly secondary. I get fright­ point. This trip, and the sacrifices Canadian Fair Play for Cuba Com­ So we say if we really believe there are some groups called ex­ ened when I hear that the top involved, can be imagined by most in those revolutionary principles mittee. ploiters and this is put up there leaders of the top nations of the both men and women. It’s not in our Declaration of Independ­ and it’s used as a substitute for Send 35 cents for a copy to: world are going to closet them­ easy for a housewife who’s never ence we w ill abandon this attempt reason and there’s just enough selves together and discuss my been away from home before to to deter through terrorism of the truth in it to make it palatable. PIONEER PUBLISHERS fate and yours. I feel much more leave and to prepare for her fam­ bomb, we will work for a repre­ But I think we have to be care­ 116 University Place comf ortable about peace and ily for two weeks . . . We felt sentative institution and we will ful about it. about the possibility of staving off that this was a small effort we New York 3, N. Y. institute among men a govern­ I say to you that there are as the w ar when I see masses of could make to help achieve some­ ment of the world. We will de- many people who favor the nday, June 17, 1963 Page Five s to a World of Enduring Peace?

trine I don’t see how the Monroe uine peace in the w orld, in the of the things you do when you It isn’t an illusion because I say Doctrine can be squared with the true sense of the word, there need act like a political party is you it is . . . . It’s an illusion because Good Neighbor policy . . . I would to be some fundam ental changes. pose the fact that you are con­ the facts are the facts and you like to see the Organization of But I personally and also as a testing for political power. Mass can’t, for instance, legislate that American States become a more representative of Women for action is a more effective means nobody will have anymore head­ representative institution and if Peace feel that the best approach of blocking the drive toward war aches and get rid of them that the Organization of American to this is to go one step at a time. than running a small radical elec­ way if there are causes fo r head­ States is going to stop missiles be­ I cannot bring to a neighbor or tion campaign. But the one doesn’t aches. A nd the women are sooner ing sent to Cuba I think it should friend where I live in a small exclude the other .... or later going to find out if they stop armaments being sent to any conservative community the idea We run in elections also to keep keep making these trips that country in the Western hemis­ that economic exploitation is the up the tradition of independent they’ve got to either go beyond phere. It should take jurisdiction cause for all of man’s ills. I can’t labor political action. To show that armament agencies and the various over all international shipments open a conversation like this. a third party can get on the bal­ liberal senators and whatnot or of arms to any Western hemis­ But I can talk about strontium lot. We believe that a major third that they are going to accomplish phere country including the Unit­ 90 in our children’s milk. I can party is possible in the not too absolutely nothing .... ed States .... talk about the fear of accidental distant future and that would be For politically effective, or sig­ It’s my feeling and the feeling war. I can talk about the arms the biggest step towards peace. nificant action today, I’d advocate of our chairman, Russell Stabler, race escalating and thus creating It would be a party based on the — to start with — civil dis­ chairman of Voters for Peace out a war. I feel like a bit of an labor unions, the Negro people, obedience. Now I’m not interested in Nassau’s 4th Congressional dis­ apologist and I don’t want to be, and other oppressed minorities, in token civil disobedience. That trict, that we should begin now to I don’t personally want to be. But is, a girl I know very well and groom people, work on people, I must face the realities of the admire trespassed on a boatyard publicize the names of people who limitations around me. I feel that, property when they were launch­ will run for the Electoral College if I went further than people are ing a submarine. And this was a in 1964 on a peace-candidate tick­ willing to hear, that my useful­ good thing because this was all et . . . . ness would im m ediately be com­ that people were ready to do. A I think we should get together. pletely restricted and completely token. But I’m not for that ex­ I think if Ruth Gage Colby would lim ited. cept as the most elementary stage call a meeting the Voters for On that basis I look for a large of beginning. Just as certain peo­ Peace and perhaps the Socialist umbrella, a simple statement look­ ple as a token carried on freedom Workers Party would be willing ing for the first steps towards rides in the South in 1947. to come and all people who would peace. A nd I hope that through But this you see helped prepare be willing to put up a slate of this program not only women but the way for a mass outburst such candidates who would be dedi­ men and everyone will be edu­ cated to a peace platform. as in Greenwood, Mississippi, and cated to the fact that there are Birmingham. By referring to them ike for Peace anti-bomb dem- some very important changes that I don’t mean that they are totally Lurie: . . . They [ Women Strike need to take place before this successful but they begin to give for Peace] recently published a peace can be achieved. an idea of what the power of the rather lengthy tome called “The balance of terror, who favor the people might be and the effective­ Economics of Disarmament.” It’s Fred Halstead: For a number of atom bomb, in the labor unions ness, as I say, of causing economic a beautiful compilation, quite well reasons I don’t think the Women’s and in CORE and in the organi­ and social dislocation. stated, of what just some of the S trike fo r Peace has done too zations that perhaps you would If you get 10,000 people down problems of disarmament are. And badly. For example, during the all refer to as left-wing as there to Washington — this is what al­ it is, indeed, aware that some of recent Cuban crisis a number of FRED HALSTEAD is a revolu­ are in the National Association of ways happens in those marches them are economic — originate Women’s Strike for Peace people tionary socialist, active in the Manufacturers or in the Rotary on Washington — and then you in economics. This, I think, is went to Washington right in the trade union and anti-war move­ Club or in the Catholic Church, decide, well, to be sure we have coming more and more into being middle of the Cuban crisis when ments. He is a staff w riter for the Unitarian Church or any 10,000 and not 3,000. Or you hope that women are trying to see what nobody else w ould do anything The Militant. other group. We are all human you w ill get 11,000 instead of 10,- is going to occur and educate peo­ and carried signs, “Don’t Invade beings and I think we have to 000. We’ll be very law-abiding ple so that they w ill be prepared. Cuba!” and on the working farmers. Un­ stop blaming it on some, what and we’ll stay in the Lincoln And this to me is the greatest I know in New York City we like big capital, the interests of would be the opposite of the pie- Memorial and we’ll get a well- value of Women Strike — that it couldn’t get the peace movement these groups are not served by in-the-sky, some devil-in-the-sky known speaker. Maybe we can get is very broad, simply an umbrella to do that. They were afraid to imperialist expansion and the war to whom we apply this tag of ex­ Hubert Humphrey or Senator that is reaching people for the carry that sign. Why? Because it drive. ploiters .... Clark, the darling of the peace first time in political and social was opposed to the particular But as it is now, the political I think economic questions of power of these groups is trapped movement these days, get him to action. Then as they get involved, move Kennedy was cooking up for address us. That doesn’t frighten the world, of underdeveloped into supporting the war drive be­ as they understand a little more, the moment and it embarrassed anybody, that doesn’t get any­ countries would be solved if tariff cause they support the Democrats they have a better picture of what the Democrats. The Women Strike thing under way. barriers were abolished, quotas the forces are in the world .... for Peace people at least kept their or Republicans. When a labor When I say frighten, I don’t were abolished and men could We were active in Massachusetts eye on the ball. A t least the ones party development takes place, we want them to think we’re going trade with men on a world-wide in the Hughes campaign. I per­ in Washington did. They said they know that such a party will in­ basis and we had a free trade sonally don’t feel that this is an were for peace and that means exorably tend to take a different to chop their heads off but I want them to think we’re going to take area as big as the world instead answer. I think it is an education. you have to be against the war position on war than the Demo­ their armaments factories away of as big as the United States.... This I think is the greatest value. that’s being prepared at the mo­ cratic or Republican parties, which from them and we’re going to turn And here is where I think Mr. ment. are controlled by the needs of them into peaceful production.... Castro is at his weakest. He had And more power to them as long capital. That we believe is the a right to overthrow Mr. Batista as they keep their eye on the ball. next stage for American develop­ When I say they’ll never get but he had a duty to protect the They also kept their eye on the ment. the socialist revolution by elect­ rights of all Cubans to participate ball when they are called up be­ In the meantime we’re all for ing candidates I mean many in his continuance in office or in fore the witch-hunt committee independent peace candidates and things. First of all, to put it the choice of his successor. I . . . They answered very correctly, radical candidates wherever they crudely and somewhat over-sim- think every revolution has this in m y opinion...... We take in help this process along. Whenever plifiedly the elections are stacked. obligation if it’s going to become anybody who is willing to oppose they help to drive a wedge be­ As long as the mass media are a legitimate government and I feel the concrete acts of war . . . tween those elected representa­ controlled by the private capitalist the United States should now take That, of course, is limited. It’s tives of the capitalist class, who interests and as long as television, a position that it will not recog­ not the final answer to war — not are carrying on the war effort for instance — well you know, nize any new government that has in my opinion. But it at least is between them and the working how many millions of dollars is it taken over by force until it has the correct approach to how to people whose interests lie in the that it really requires to elect a a re-election .... fight from moment to moment. other direction .... president these days? What it’s I thought the objection to Mr. The radical movement, the doing is letting them set up the Kennedy’s Cuban policy — objec­ peace movement, and so on in this Dellinger: The value of the contest, choose the weapons, and then say, “Yes, I’ll fight in your tions coming from Keating and country is not very big. But it is women going down to Washington people like that — was that he considerable. If it can all move — going down, as they are, as area, I’ll fight. I’ll try to run my did not imperialistically go and together against a concrete act of mothers — the value is that candidate against Mr. Nixon or maintain US. investments. The w ar it can make a lo t of noise. they’re getting directly and per­ Mr. Rockefeller or whoever it is. complaint that I’ve heard is that And it can educate a lot of people. sonally involved. But the disvalue And it just isn’t a fair contest. the U.S. is getting soft and is not And it could make a difference or the danger in it is that they’re Secondly if a majority were — being imperialistic enough. You in how the labor movement re­ frightened also of being anything if it were possible to get a major­ pays your money and you takes H ARRY PURVIS was an inde­ acts, for example, the youth, and other than being Republicans or ity but as I say you can’t reach your pick. I certainly think that pendent peace candidate in New so on . . . . Democrats, frightened to call for them. It’s not an effective major­ the United States should not act York’s Fourth Congressional Dis­ We run an election not just be­ the radical things that need to be ity. The fact is today we have a outside of its national jurisdic­ trict in the last election. He is a cause we get some radio and TV done. kind of mob rule in this country. tion. maverick Republican and member time. We are also a political party And I think that if people get I always think of the mob in the I think that the United States of the National Association of that is fighting for political power directly and personally involved, South in the terrible old days should take over all external mat­ Manufacturers. in the country. We expect to take as these courageous women have, where they got all worked up and ters. The United Nations should over political power in the coun­ there is always the possibility that lynched somebody. But we’re a cover all international relations That in peace campaigns, issues try. And that w ill be a revolution. it w ill lead them on to something mob vis-a-vis Cuba today. We between people and the American are being brought to the fore, chal­ We’re not anarchists in the same else. B ut if you are try in g to really are .... communities that I envisage as lenges are being made to estab­ sense that you are, Dave [D el­ reach new people it is very im­ Do we really know whether a one that means if an American had lished politicians and in this way linger]. I’m an anarchist in the portant that you reach them with majority of the American people property in Cuba and he thought people are learning a great deal philosophical sense. In the last the truth. And if you’re concen­ favor American policy toward it was illegally taken from him more about what the forces are run, I believe in individual hu­ trating on implying that what the Cuba? See, it is debated between bv the Cuban government that he in the world. man freedom and that the police negotiators do in Geneva or what Keating and Kennedy. And as would have an appeal to a United I personally don’t think it’s a and all that business of the state the congressmen do in Washington, long as the means of mass prop­ Nations court. Just as now if he true answer that we’re really go­ apparatus is a p rim itiv e stage in how President Kennedy twists and aganda are owned and controlled, lives in New York and has prop­ ing to have peace candidates in human development which we turns, that that is going to funda­ with the vast expense involved, erty in New Jersey taken illegally our country. I don’t believe that w ill outgrow. mentally affect the peace, then the way they are we’ll never he has recourse to a complaint in they are allowed to get very But we haven’t outgrown it yet. unfortunately you are educating know what in their hearts most federal court. fa r .... And in the meantime we need gov­ them or teaching them something Americans would be willing to do I’m against American imperial­ I think it’s been well estab­ ernment apparatus and that’s why which in the end w ill be an illu­ relative to sharing the wealth say ism, I ’m against the Monroe D o c ­ lished that before there’ll be gen­ we act like a political party. One sion. with the Cuban people .... Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, June 17, 1963

The European Common Market Why de Gaulle Wants to Freeze Out Britain By E. Germain while this question is a matter of ment — and doubtless for a long result from any “conscious deci­ indifference to de Gaulle. West period to come — “national” cap­ During the past few years, im­ sion” or from any “economic an­ Germany would like to acquire italist interests still predominate portant changes have taken place alyses,” but is rather the product its own nuclear weapons, but in the economy of each of the that bear on the military pacts Washington is opposed to it. In the member countries of the Common of a bitter competitive struggle in among the imperialist powers. economic area, the Common Mar­ M arket. which there are few victors and On the economic and financial ket constitutes for West Germany Double Blackmail many vanquished. front, the relative weight of the a necessary but insufficient outlet Does that mean that de G aulle’s Until now, this competition has U.S. has decreased; that of West­ and it therefore looks rather efforts will remain vain and that played only a minor role in the ern Europe and Japan has in­ favorably on all efforts to enlarge his policy is completely absurd? existence of the Common Market, creased; that of Great Britain it. Not at all. He has at his disposal because the capitalist economy of hasn’t stopped going from bad to Despite a largely successful two powerful weapons of black­ Europe has been characterized by worse. Whether one considers the program of modernization and mail: the disintegration of the course of development of indus­ ten years of almost uninterrupted Common Market, and his own res­ trial production, exports, or cur­ expansion. In the conditions of ignation in France. such an expansion, protectionist rency reserves, this general ten­ This double blackmail is effica­ reflexes had no occasion to rise to dency is confirmed on every score. cious, because for the internation­ the surface. However, in the military and al bourgeoisie de Gaulle is today But the forces of long term ex­ political domain, this same ten­ irreplaceable in France, where his pansion are beginning to be more dency does not appear. American disappearance from the scene and more exhausted. For two imperialism retains its quasimo­ would provoke an exceptionally years now there has been stagna­ nopoly on the nuclear arms at serious social and political crisis. tion in the steel industry, and the disposal of the imperialist It is efficacious because, for the many authorities expect a similar camp. The direction of NATO and other member countries of the stagnation in the automobile in­ SEATO is completely in Washing­ Common Market, the latter is all dustry and in other sectors of the ton’s hands. During all the big in­ the more important as an outlet durable consumers’ goods indus­ ternational crises of the last few inasmuch as the markets of the try (refrigerators, radio and TV, years—Berlin, Laos, Congo, Cuba, colonial and semi-colonial coun­ washing machines, etc.) beginning to cite only a few examples — tries are in danger of constantly around 1965-6. Washington imposed its own point shrinking. of view, which was often quite dif­ What w ill be the probable re­ Protectionism ferent from that of its partners sults of de Gaulle’s blackmail? The more expansion slows down and allies. During the recent Ca­ American imperialism and the and the more a recession threatens ribbean crisis, the allies of powerful European imperialists or even breaks out, the more w ill American imperialism had to ad­ will be obliged to make conces­ tendencies toward economic inte­ mit that Washington was mak­ sions to him in areas that are vi­ gration be accompanied by pro­ ing decisions which could lead to tal to French imperialism: M acm illan tectionist outcries (note French the unleashing of a world war, the protected markets for reaction to the onslaught of Ital­ without even consulting them. French agriculture (and a few portant contributions from other ian refrigerators on the internal De Gaulle’s “rebellion” against French industries) in the Common imperialist powers in the Common French market; the German reac­ this American leadership consti­ Market will be temporarily con­ Market w ill be needed. Another tion in the face of soaring imports tutes an effort to readjust the po­ De Gaulle served; thrust of economic integration in of steel products while the Ger­ litical and military agreements the entrance of Great Britain the framework of the Common man steel industry is in a crisis, within the imperialist alliance to readjustment, French imperialism into the Common Market w ill be Market, a new and accentuated etc.). Only at the end of long con­ conform more with the economic remains weaker than British and delayed; phase of capitalist concentration, vulsions and of several successive relationships between the U.S. and German imperialism in its capa­ American imperialism (and could bring into being gigantic cycles would “national capitalism” capitalist Europe. city to compete in the industrial perhaps British imperialism) will units of production, whose capital be able effectively and on a large But capitalist Europe is not a field. From that flows its more indirectly help French imperial­ would be provided by three or scale to give way to an “inte­ unified “bloc" which presents a protectionist tendency and its re­ ism build “its” nuclear striking four countries jointly, — which grated, European capitalism.” And united front to the face of Yankee fusal for the moment to allow an power; would then be capable of meeting before that’s arrived at, the Eu­ imperialism. It is itself divided enlargement of the Common Mar­ changes w ill be made in the victoriously the competition of ropean workers’ movement and among imperialist powers, each ket to include Great Britain and NATO command, increasing the British and even American imper­ even the European revolution w ill with its own interests. These in­ some other capitalist countries of weight of West Germany and ialism. again have their say. terests diverge as much in the Europe. The countries of the France somewhat. From then on French imperial­ The real test of the Common realm of economics as in the “Franco-African Community” re­ Basically, what French imper­ ism would abandon its objections, Market, therefore, still lies ahead. politico-military area. main for it areas of economic, ialism wants in the economic area not only to Great Britain’s entry Neither de Gaulle’s blackmail nor The Inter-Imperialist commercial and strategic impor­ is a greater delay before the Com­ into the Common Market, but the refusal of France’s partners Contradictions tance — and experience has taught mon Market is enlarged with a even to the “dissolution” of this to yield to this blackmail w ill be it that it can hardly count on the view to increasing meanwhile the Market into an “Atlantic Free- able to bring it about. This test British imperialism seeks above full and complete solidarity of competitive capacity of certain Exchange Zone.” w ill result from the basic contra­ all to retain its position in the American imperialism in the de­ French industries (and French Proof of the Approaching dictions of capitalist economy Commonwealth, at the same time fense of its position there. Hence agriculture). It is difficult to suc­ Recession which make economic recessions enlarging its outlets on the Eu­ the desire of a whole section of ceed in this with only the forces But in capitalist society, the inevitable. [Translated from L'In - ropean continent — without which the French imperialists, led by de of French imperialism itself. Im- concentration of capital does not ternationale, A p ril, 1963.] it is condemned to ever-increasing Gaulle, to build their own nu­ decay. Thus it comes into colli­ clear striking force, to serve as an sion with those who seek to main­ element in blackmailing and pres­ tain high customs barriers be­ suring their “allies” and competi­ tween the Common Market and tors. the “third world” [the former colonial and semi-colonial na­ Doomed to Defeat World Events tions], with the aim of protecting, The lesser imperialisms (Italian, ty, and a typical colonial economy above all, European agriculture For Whites Only spute, according to Miss Strong, Belgian, Dutch) don’t trust a with a single crop agriculture, ex­ and some other economic sectors Pocket-sized, push-button, tear- since the Chinese also stand for French-German co-leadership of change of raw materials for them. which are not capable of with­ gas bombs are on sale in South the Common Market, for fear it French goods, and economic dom­ standing competition from abroad. Africa. A Johannesburg dealer said would go beyond their own par­ ination by French shipping com­ Now it is precisely French im­ demand was brisk and he had sold Algiers: No Shoeshines Here ticular interests. They would look panies and import-export houses. A Reuters dispatch asserts that perialism which constitutes the quite a few. “The tear-gas con­ kindly on Great Britain’s entry into A ll leftist groups in Martinique most protectionist element within tainers, costing about $12 each, “Algiers is probably the hardest the Common Market, especially have formed the Front for the the Common Market. contain enough gas to deal w ith a place in the world to get a shoe- since their economic interests are Defense of Public Liberties. It has West German imperialism is mob, according to advertisements. shine.” Since Premier Ben Bella in general somewhat parallel to written the French President, de­ above all preoccupied with “secu­ They are on sale to whites only. launched his ‘Operation Shoe- rather than contrary to, the in­ nouncing the virtual dictatorship rity” problems — beginning with The spray is said to blind victims shine Boy’ last February, more terests of British imperialism. In on the island. The pending trial Berlin. For it, the presence of totally for ten minutes when fired than 600 boys between nine and the military area, their ambitions in France of 12 members of the American troops in Europe and in from up to 12 feet away. It is said sixteen were persuaded to go into are limited to assuring the “cov­ anti-colonial youth group before a West Berlin is a vital question — to have no lasting effect,” the B rit­ “reorientation homes” to learn a ering” of capitalist Europe by special court is the capstone to this ish news agency, Reuters, reports. new trade of their choice. Ben Washington, since they have regime of intimidation and vio­ “The spray is the invention of Bella said: “We are fighting for neither the means nor the w ill for lence. an Algeria in which no man will Just Out large-scale rearming. a German immigrant, Gunther M anfred Puss, who worked on gas kneel before another man. The The conclusion that emerges How Khrushchev H it China man who puts his foot out to have from this picture is clear enough: research for the German army. He In a recent letter from Peking, Moscow migrated to South Africa in 1958,” his shoe cleaned by a kneeling boy de Gaulle’s policy of creating an Anna Louise Strong describes should be ashamed.” vs. “integrated” European political the report concludes. what happened when “in the late and military force in Europe, in­ summer of 1960 Khrushchev Franco's Butchery Continues dependent of Washington, is French Intimidate Martinique cracked down on China’s eco­ Manuel Moreno Barranco, a Peking doomed to defeat — because it Twelve members of the Union nomy.” “Within a month great young Spanish novelist has been runs afoul of the inter-imperial­ of Anti-Colonial Youth of Marti­ housing areas, built for Soviet ex­ murdered in police headquarters The Meaning ist contradictions in Europe it­ nique, arrested in April, have been perts all over China went dark . . . in Jerez de la Frontera. After hav­ Of the Great Debate self (and, in addition, because it transported to France and im­ Peking and Shanghai bus lines cut ing lived for a while in Paris, he overestimates the specific m ilitary, prisoned on charges of “plotting services and ran with great plastic returned to Barcelona last May. By William F. Warde political and economic weight of against the authority of the state.” bags of sewer gas on th e ir roofs Unable to find work, he went to French imperialism, which in no Their actual crime: asserting the for want of gasoline . . . the swank Andalusia where he was arrested, The first comprehensive appraisal of right of France’s West Indian turbo-jets that make the Peking- the Sino-Soviet dispute from a case justifies French leadership beaten to death by the police and Marxist standpoint of capitalist Europe). colonies, Martinique and Guade- Canton run in four hours, were his body thrown out the window. This policy proceeds from the lupe, to self-government, a right parked on the edges o f airports — Moreno was not involved in any 50 cents erroneous hypothesis, according to implicitly recognized by the 1958 dangerous for lack of servicing . . . political underground work nor PIONEER PUBLISHERS which the economic stage of the French Constitution. tractors halted in the fields in the was he active in any party. His There is a social, political and midst of the drought, lacking 116 University Place Common Market would have al­ murder apparently was purely ready brought into being a unified economic problem in the islands: parts.” “ Co-existence and disarma­ New York 3, N . Y. and sim ply a case o f the savagery economic force, while at the mo­ low wages, unemployment, pover­ ment are not the issues” in di­ of Franco’s police. Monday, June 17, 1963 THE MILITANT Page Seven letters fro m ou r rea de rs

On Dallas TV Screen city officials posing in new sewer know how to operate them. We I picked up the Easter Edition of BBC’s most intellectual program, pipe. were in the area of the refineries the Los Angeles Times dated April give a wide coverage of the Bir­ Dallas. Texas Thelma Lucio and our friend turned and drove 14. mingham freedom fights. A ll the On the TV news you see Negroes down. There was an orange glow An article caught my eye. It non-violent groups were covered, sit in at a dime store. One is Phila. Anti-Bias Pickets in the sky and the refineries were described the massive (1,500 and beaten by a white man. White Philadelphia, Pa. obviously going full blast. more) demonstrations supporting but the Black Muslims seemed to people throw sugar and catsup on On my way to work I stopped at H.C. the local branch of the Women be ignored. Or are they mostly the Negro sit-inners. The whites the picket line at the construction Role of Liberalism Strike for Peace the preceding active in the North? looked in a frenzy of spite and site where Negroes are demanding April 13. It stated that actress hate. I wonder if they could see San Francisco, Calif. “Bull” Connor gave an interview an end to Jim Crow hiring. It was Rita Moreno, of West Side Story themselves in the Negroes’ place? Enclosed is $3 for a renewed to the BBC reporter and to the about 7:45 a.m. and I had to walk and Academy Award winner for The Negro has fought in every subscription to your paper. Unem­ about two blocks to get to the line. best supporting actress of last majority of people I came in con­ American war. He has been used ployment difficulties in San Fran­ From a distance I could see the year, discussed the necessity of tact with during the day. He gave and abused. Do an article on this. cisco have prevented my attend­ swaying skunk hats of the high­ supporting industry not based en­ Use some of the material recalling ing to this matter earlier. Thank the impression of being another way patrolmen and placards raised tirely on defense contracts at the the brave fighters. Many don’t you for the several issues sent to Verwoerd [racist prime minister aloft. Walking toward me was a rally in McArthur Park following know these facts and many of us me after my subscription expired. black brother on his way to work. the demonstration. of South Africa], need to be refreshed on it because As a political science major at I asked: “Trouble yet?” He an­ From the discussion the out­ of the mass stupidity that’s im­ UCLA two years ago I became She was so rig h t! Up north, swered, “A little scuffle,” but standing point seemed to be how disgusted wtih all political thought, Seattle was in turmoil because its posed on us. there was a confident look in his long w ill it be before the Negroes One good scene on TV. A big especially with liberal ideology. main industry, Boeing, was threat­ eye and a smile on his lips. take up arms. sewer plant opening on Fort That liberalism seemed to lack ened by a strike. In Juneau I was I looked at the mass of pickets I see from The Militant that the W orth and there was a scene of content, to be out of contact with told by the local citizens, “The and said, “They’re burying Jim Young Socialist Alliance is having the reality of contemporary social security office is the only place to Crow over there.” He replied: its trouble with the witch-hunters, upheavals, attested to the fact that get work right away.” "That’s it.” no doubt they w ill survive. it was a mask for a rotten polit­ Do the workers in these smaller Just walking in the neighborhood Jack Davis 10 Y E A R S AGO ical system whose putrescence was cities know what happens in Los you felt the rhythmic beat of the the very source of the world’s ills Angeles when the government does time-bomb, Freedom NOW — Jobs Likes Civil Rights Stand and whose destruction should be not award a contract? Long Lay­ for All! As I neared the line there Forest Grove, Ore. the aim of contemporary up­ offs! IN THE MILITANT were mothers leaving proudly who heavals. My appreciation for The J.J. I enjoy your newspaper and ad­ had been there since 6 a.m. and “On the very eve of a truce in M ilita n t lies in its relentless ex­ mire your guts to say what you now had to leave to go on to their Korea, all the carriers of Big Busi­ posure of the festering sores of believe. While I’m not a Marxist, jobs. There were high school and U.S. Image in South Wales ness propaganda in the U.S. began the system which the liberal press or even a militant socialist, I do junior high school students look­ Swansea, South Wales, U.K. to beat the drums — ‘don’t bring ignores. Keep up the good work! sympathize w ith you on many Is­ ing back at the line as they left the boys back home. Don’t relax C.S. The press has really gone to sues, m ainly on those relating to the “defense” effort. Don’t think for school after doing their picket­ town here giving some vivid pic­ civil rights. this means real peace.’ ing stint. W ar Plant Insecurity tures of the brutality that has Your stories on the ideological “In their own twisted way these On the line a mother said to me, Los Angeles, Calif. gone on in the Southern U.S. in conflict between Russia and China spokesmen for Wall Street know “I’ll walk — I’ll fight if I have to On my return from a trip to the name of “states’ rights.” We are most interesting. that there is no peace under cap­ so that when my child finishes Juneau, Alaska, looking for work even had Panorama, which is T. K. italism. The overriding tendency school he won’t be a w o rry. He’ll of American Big Business is to be able to look for any job.” make war, all-out war, on the These demonstrations are just a Soviet bloc. The sooner the bet­ small taste of the embittered ter, to their way of thinking. The agony that flows in the streets It Was Reported in the Press main obstruction to this aim is the here. A large number of the pick­ turbulent revolutionary movement ets know the South. They know Wonder Why? — Acting on the orders. But on the basis of a re­ tee, she stated there had been a of the working class and colonial they pay taxes like the whites, basis of an executive order issued cent high court decision, it holds “passport department briefing by people throughout the world and that they've got homes and fam­ by the president back in 1961, the that since the man completed his an outstanding speaker on man­ the unwillingness of the American ilies to take care of like the whites Department of the Army an­ active duty under honorable con­ ners and dress.” The “outstand­ and they’re determined they’re people to be dragged into a hope­ nounced in New York last week ditions, he is entitled to an honor­ ing speaker” turned out to be the going to have the same job rights less world conflict to put down that it intends to start hiring more able discharge. head of a cosmetics firm plugging this revolution .... as the whites. her wares. Mrs. Knight sought to Negroes and Puerto Ricans. Big Post Hole — The Defense “Eisenhower’s address to the Pearl Spangler suggest that the “briefing” had Department wanted to build a Junior Chamber of Commerce in Hard Times on Capitol H ill — occurred last February. Under A Nomination mile-deep hole in the ground for Minneapolis June 10 indicates When the Senate approved the questioning she admitted it had New York, N. Y. a “post-attack” command head­ what it is that drives Big Business funds for the administration’s been three months previous.” towards war: ‘Again and again,’ I have a suggestion to ease the mental-health program, Northern quarters for use in a nuclear holo­ he said, speaking of military and problem of both the College of liberals joined with Dixiecrats in caust. But the House Armed Serv­ Tense Times — “MIAMI, June 3 economic ‘security,’ ‘we must re­ of Cardinals and the people of killing a Republican-sponsored ices Committee refused to vote (JP) — For 15 jittery minutes a red mind ourselves that this is a mat­ Vietnam. Make Ngo Dinh Diem the rider to bar contribution of federal funds for the project which would overnight bag sat vibrating and ter not only of political principle next pope. funds to Jim Crow mental hos­ have cost at least $100 m illio n . buzzing softly in a roped-off area but of economic necessity. It in­ P.R. pitals. Reporting on this the June The committee felt it was an un­ on a Pan American Airways ramp. volves our need for markets for 10 Newsweek said: “But in vot­ warranted expenditure. Then the bag’s owner, Mr. and our agricultural and industrial Cuba Jamming U.S. Radio? ing against the civil-right rider, Progress Report — James Leslie Mrs. R. Furgeson . . . joined police­ products, our need to receive in New York, N. Y. Majority Whip Hubert Humphrey was sworn into the First Bat­ men, firemen and FBI agents who was heard to complain, ‘I can’t do return from the rest of the world The Associated Press says Cuba talion of the 71st Infantry of the had rushed to the scene. The F u r- such essentials as manganese and is trying to jam U.S. broadcasts this kind of thing much longer.’ ” New York National Guard June 3. gesons opened the bag, shut o ff a cobalt, tin and tungsten, without but that the Voice of America Ain’t It the Truth — A char­ He is the lone Negro member of battery-powered electric tooth which our economy cannot func­ estimates that one out of seven acter in a Chicago Tribune the 900-man battalion. A National brush in it and ended the bomb tion.’ . . . Cubans still listen to the Ameri­ “Laughing Matter” cartoon by Guard officer said there have been scare.” “ The Am erican w orking class can radio. Two experiences I had Salo says: “I always manage to Negroes in the 71st in the past, but Plaything—Some may see social must learn the lesson of history — while visiting Cuba in the sum­ save a little something from my he couldn’t remember when or significance in the offer of a New there is no peace under capitalism. how many. mer of 1960 indicate that such pay each week — the envelope it York jeweler for a “Fidget Stone” Until this monstrous system is de­ alleged jamming would hardly be comes in .” Smooth-Skinned Screeners? — (genuine jade, $10) which, an ad stroyed the horror of war will worth Cuba’s effort. Mrs. Frances Knight, head of the announces, is “just what the doc­ continue to plague the earth.” — For Your Next Cookout — O ur Talking to a well-to-do doctor State Department’s passport divi­ tor ordered!” The public is urged: June 15, 1953 favorite shop, Tiffany’s, is offer­ who was not at all sympathetic to ing dinner plates by Wedgewood, sion and rabid advocate of political “Just fiddle with our fidget stone the revolution (too much free $306 a dozen. screening of passport applicants, and feel euphoria setting in! . . . . medical care now, he complained) was chided by congressmen for more fun than a massage . . . . 20 YEARS AGO Grounds for Discharge? — The he suddenly and rather bitterly staging a cosmetics show for soothing as a lu lla b y .... You’ll asked: “ W ell, have you seen any American Civil Liberties Union “An attempt to insert a section women in her department on com­ love to handle it. Carry it . . . . bodies on the streets?” When I has intervened in behalf of a in the NAACP ‘Statement to the pany time during the Cuban crisis. rub it .. . . give it to your nervous asked why he asked the question member of the Army’s Standby Nation,’ praising the ‘no-strike Quizzed by a House subcommit- friends.” he replied: “I listen to the Miami Reserve facing discharge on policy of the UAW-CIO’ and at­ radio with the reports about shoot­ grounds other than honorable. Last tacking strikes ‘inimical to the war ings in the streets, but I look out October he wrote his commanding efforts of our country and its the window and don’t see any officer that if called up for further allies,’ was defeated after a heated bodies." duty he would refuse to serve “in debate. Grace Carlson, delegate Another experience: one eve- protest against our naval blockade from the St. Paul Branch of the INTRODUCTORY OFFER! ing shortly after the oil refineries of Cuba, a policy I consider to be NAACP, made the motion to strike were nationalized we were driving dangerous, foolish and immoral.” out this section. She pointed out with a Cuban friend and he turned According to the June Northern that this might easily be inter­ on the car radio. It was a Miami California A C LU News, the liber­ A Four-Month Subscription preted as an attack on the United newscast which reported triumph­ ties group takes the view that the Mine Workers Union which was To The M ilitant for only $1 antly that the refineries were shut Reserve has the right to reject a fighting in the interests of thou­ down because the Cubans didn’t member who says he won’t obey sands of Negro miners. “Clarence Sharpe of Cleveland, Nam e ...... James Anderson of Los Angeles and several other delegates took Thought for the Week the floor in opposition to the ‘no­ “The President . . . defines the problems of race, unemployment S tre e t ...... Zone ...... strike’ clause. Only one Stalinist and education, but doesn't come to grips with them . . . . He plays delegate spoke in support of the touch-government; he seems to touch everything and tackle nothing inclusion of this section. By com­ . . . . The surprising thing about this is that the President knows how C ity ...... S tate ...... mon consent, the Committee which to concentrate on a single subject and focus the attention of the whole had prepared the Statement agreed nation on it. He has done so in the past on the Berlin crisis and the Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, to its withdrawal after hearing Cuban crisis. All w ill listen if he carries his civil rights battle into the the weighty arguments made South or the racial jungles of the Northern cities. But he has done N ew Y ork 3, N. Y . against it.” — June 12, 1943. none of these things."—James Reston in the June 9 New York Times. Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, June 17, 1963 Racist Hoodlums Beaten Back By North Carolina Negroes By Joan Farr Lexington, North Carolina, is a The assault by the white mob furniture and textile city near the resulted from the efforts of a industrialized center of the state group of 15 Negroes, some of them known as the Piedmont. It has a children, who the day before population of 18,000, including sought service at segregated cafes, 2,000 Negroes. Being a ru ra l town, a theater and a bowling alley. no desegregation has taken place Lexington is 30 miles South of there. But on June 5 Negro youth Greensboro, where thousands of staged some sit-ins there. Negroes have been staging dem­ The next night, 2,000 w hite men onstrations for nearly a month. gathered in downtown Lexington. Greensboro Mayor David Schenck After milling around for a while, has hastily issued an appeal to the the mob moved to the edge of the businessmen of that city to de­ Negro section. They were armed, segregate immediately. some with guns, some with bottles North Carolina is the state of kerosene. About 100 Negroes where Robert Williams organized gathered on the side of the street a defense guard when the Negroes where the Negro district begins. of Monroe were threatened by According to the June 8 N. Y. Ku Klux Klan mobs who drove Times they had been attending an through the colored community NAACP meeting in a nearby firing into homes. As a result of church. Monroe Negroes digging trenches However, most of the Negroes and standing guard in front of were barricaded in th e ir houses. their homes, the Klan gave up When shots were fired, the white such terror raids. MUSIC TO WARM YOUR HEART. Budding performers at nursery for children of working mothers in Santiago de Cuba. Such nurseries are being established throughout Cuba and are completely in­ mob fled for cover. A shot which The N.Y. Times, in an article the N. Y. Times reports was “ap­ entitled, “Puzzled Whites Had tegrated. From the time it came to power, the Revolutionary Government of Cuba has moved de­ parently fired from the Negro Thought Negroes Were Content,” cisively to stamp out every manifestation of racial discrimination. group” struck Fred Link, a white said that whites in Lexington were man from Lexington. He died on as surprised as were the cops by the way to the hospital. A white the realization that Negroes in photographer was also shot but is Lexington were dissatisfied with recovering. their condition there. “Why the What Castro Would Do About Racism Police arrested seven Negroes — Negroes have a new school and six teenagers and one 23-year-old. they seemed to be pleased w ith Ten whites were arrested for in­ everything,” a white businessman citing to riot. One was accused of said. If He Were President of the USA assaulting a Negro girl with his “It must be outsiders, our Ne­ fists. One of the white men had |The following is a section of a and racial climate wholly com­ the immediate desegregation of all two shotguns and rifle in the car. groes are not unhappy,” said an­ speech delivered at a Harlem patible and congenial. public facilities. Henceforth, all He claimed he was a gun trader. other. civil-rights rally June 1 by news­ If “Bull” Connor were caught persons who continued to discrim­ man W illiam Worthy who faces a and arrested before fleeing, Fidel inate would go to jail or to a hu­ jail term for returning from Cuba would not permit anyone to lynch manely operated rehabilitation to his native U.S. without a pass­ him. He would be given a fair- center in an effort to cure them port. The rally was sponsored by trial. In open court, evidence of their racist insanity. All jobs, ... King Urges Capital March the Harlem Anti-Colonial Com­ would be presented of 30 years all housing, all opportunities would mittee. | of his tyranny and terror as be made available to everyone (Continued from Page 1) ganize a large contingent of bt. * * * Birmingham’s police commissioner. without discrimination. across the country in increasingly Louis Negro workers for a na­ May I draw a word picture of Ol’ Bull would have full oppor­ Most beautiful of all, Fidel m ilitant mass demonstrations suc­ tional “emancipation march” on what we really are talking about tunity to testify in his own de­ would disband the entire repres­ ceeded at last in forcing the presi­ Washington this fall to demand when we say: “De-colonize Amer­ fense. His attorneys could cross- sive FBI apparatus and would dent of the United States to pron­ equal job rights. The march is ica NOW.” Let us imagine that examine all of the prosecution’s burn all the secret police garbage ounce segregation morally wrong reportedly being planned by the in November, 1960, Fidel Castro, witnesses, many of whom would and intimate gossip that thousands and the Negro struggle for equal­ SCLC, NALC, CORE, the NAACP instead of John F. Kennedy, had be Negroes. And then, since it is of psychopathic agents have as­ ity right. Kennedy's statement was and the Student Nonviolent Co­ been elected president of the U.S- inconceivable that any court could sembled over the years. He would made on television June 11 after ordinating Committee. On the basis of his clear record of find him innocent, he would be put J. Edgar Hoover in an inte­ Negro students James Hood and Calloway, who is also an asso­ eliminating all racial barriers in taken out and shot. grated cell in Atlanta Penitentia­ Vivian J. Malone, were registered ciate research director for the Cuba and stopping police brutality, Meanwhile, on his first day in ry as punishment for four decades by federal force at the University Central Conference of Teamsters, about 95 per cent of the cops in office, Fidel would have occupied of criminal neglect of duty. of Alabama. said the St. Louis NALC is also organizing the Negro unemployed this country, black and white, the entire South with federal Hoover has never protected the Kennedy also indicated that his and planning direct-action proj­ North and South, would catch the troops. Without bureaucratic de­ constitutional rights of Negroes. civil-rights proposals would have lays, the jails would be emptied ects in St. Louis. firs t planes out, to escape prose­ Sadly but realistically even a three main features: 1) desegrega­ The Teamsters Union had pre­ cution. Many of them would wind of all Freedom Fighters and other pacifist has to make a prediction tion of public accommodations, victims of the Jim Crow system. viously called for a national car up in South Africa as “refugees.” that will scare and alarm many such as hotels and restaurants, 2) Fidel’s new cabinet would decree caravan to Washington to protest There they would find the political persons. The prediction is that it fuller participation of the federal anti-strike legislation. A combin­ is going to take a drastic, Castro- government in lawsuits against ing of these announced marches type revolution before this prob­ segregated schools, and 3) “great­ could create a tremendous force. lem of the races w ill be resolved. er protection for the right to vote.” In describing the civil-rights Ban on Communist Speakers North and South, the twisted white Up to now Kennedy has at­ legislation he w ill propose, Ken­ man in the U.S. has no more in ­ tempted to placate Northern Ne­ nedy made no mention of fair em­ tention of giving up his Jim Crow groes, whose votes are so strate­ ployment practices. This should At Calif. U Widely Opposed system than do the fanatics in the gic, with civil-rights bills which be a major demand of a March on University of California Presi­ radical right is permitted to speak Union of South Africa. were too weak to antagonize the Washington. Dixiecrats. A time-honored varia­ dent Clark Kerr has tacitly ad­ on campus but a Communist is not. Five years ago, even three years tion on this shell game has been mitted that UC’s policy of banning The written words of both are in ago, I w ouldn’t have dreamed of for Northern liberals to introduce Communist Party speakers, while our library freely circulating. To speaking in these terms. Today, somewhat stronger civil-rights Tax Office Blocks Funds allowing reactionaries to be heard ban the spoken word of one but honesty and the facts before my legislation in order to win praise on campus, is untenable. This was not the other . . . appears to be an eyes compel me. from Negro leaders, and then to Of Pacifist Organization the meaning of Kerr’s announce­ offense to logic . . .” allow the Dixiecrats to whittle the The federal government has at­ ment that the Board of Regents How ridiculous the ban is, was bills down to almost nothing. The tached the bank account of the would give “early consideration” shown when permission to play a liberals then continue th e ir pose Committee for Non-Violent Action to removal of the ban. Kerr said tape of a speech by the regional as great friends of civil rights, because two of its employes refuse that UC is the only leading uni­ director of the Communist Party saying: “We tried.” to pay taxes on the grounds that versity in the country which pro­ was denied but permission to read This time, however, the situa­ such money will be used for war hibits Communist Party speakers. aloud a magazine article by him tion is much more serious. As Ken­ preparations. The CNVA, a pacifist Students registered overwhelm­ was granted. Similarly, a reading nedy pointed out in his T V speech, organization, supported the two ing opposition to the ban. A vote was permitted of excerpts from a his problem is to get the issue “out and did not deduct withholding of UC students at Berkeley was book, borrowed from the univer­ of the streets and into the courts.” tax money from their pay. 2,947 to 847; at U C LA it was 5,157 sity library, by Herbert Aptheker, Some legislation has to be passed. There have been numerous cases to 1,793 — or a total of almost a leading Communist Party theo­ But will it be whittled down of objectors to war preparations three-to-one against the infringe­ retician. enough to be acceptable to the refusing to pay income tax, thus ment of the freedom to hear all SLATE, a student political or­ Dixiecrats? Or w ill the Negroes inviting federal prosecution. In viewpoints. ganization, next plans to show a be able to force something through this case, however, the Internal In addition a resolution to re­ silent film of Aptheker, while a that they can really utilize to ad­ Revenue Service has apparently move the ban was adopted un­ student reads aloud from one of vance their struggle? taken no action against the two animously by faculty representa­ his books. Kennedy w ill want to comprom­ individuals but against the pacifist tives of the San Francisco, Berke­ The American Civil Liberties ise. That is w hat gives the M arch organization which employed ley and Davis campuses to the Union of Southern California, on Washington suggestion urgen­ them. UC’s Academic Senate. which is fighting the speaker ban cy. Every concession must be A. J. Muste, CNVA chairman, UC Chancellor at Berkeley, Ed­ and had appealed an adverse de­ forced with mass action. last March wrote the tax bureau ward W. Strong, told the 49th an­ cision in a lower court, has decided The president of the St. Louis that his organization would not be nual meeting of the AAUP: “I to drop the suit pending further division of the Negro American an instrument for collecting taxes quite agree that a consistent open developments by the Board of Re­ Labor Council, Ernest Calloway, and that the government would forum policy — the announced gents and Professor Kerr’s prom­ announced last week that the divi­ have to do the collecting itself policy of UC — is not being main­ ise to make a recommendation sion has been planning to or- from the individuals involved. tained when a speaker from the “within the next few months.” William Worthy