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The Development of Education in Rossendale

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The Development of Education in Rossendale Durham E-Theses The development of education in Rossendale Hartley, E How to cite: Hartley, E (1967) The development of education in Rossendale, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9704/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk x^.^V ABSTRACT THE DEVELOPMENT OP EDUCATION IN ROSSENDALE 1870 - 1914 Thesis for the Degree of M. Ed. E. Hartley B. Sc. Before 1870 a system of voluntary schools had been estab• lished in Rossendale. The Elementary Education Act 1870 caused j other voluntary schools to be set up and made efficient so that school boards would not be. necessary. There was a deficiency of public elementary school accommodation at Sharneyford, at the extreme eastern part of the township of Newchurch-in-Rossendale. A school board was set up for this township. A school board was also formed for the township of Tottington .Higher End when the managers of the Primitive Methodist school at Townsendfold intimated that they could no longer continue to maintain the school. The townships of Rossendale eventually became three Municipal V Boroughs, and school boards were formed for Bacup and Rawtenstall. Parts of Rossendale which did not previously have school boards were, thus brought under school board administration. Each borough in Rossendale had a different form of administration under the Elementary Education Acts. Bacup had a school board. Rawtenstall had a school board, but parts of the borough were exempt from education rates. Haslingden had a school attendance committee. Newchurch School Board provided one school under section 18 of the 1870 Act. Bacup and Rawtenstall School Boards took over several voluntary schools. Some of these were replaced by new buildings. The three municipal boroughs administered technical educat• ion under the Technical Instruction Act 1889* Lancashire Couaaty ^ Council distributed the "Whisky Money" and required the municipal boroughs to submit plans of their schemes of technical instruction for approval. Bacup and Rawtenstall carried out their Technical instruction in very inefficient premises. Haslingden built a new technical school in 1903. Under the 1902 Education Act, the three municipal boroughs became Part III authorities for elemeratary education. Lancashire County Council became the Part II authority for secondary education. The miinicipal borough educationvicommittees assumed respons- ] ibility for secular education and there were several disputes 1 with the voluntary schools.. In Bacup and Rawtenstall, schools taken over were improved where possible and some new schools were built. Haslingden would not take over any voluntary schools, but provided new buildingso Haslingden Technical school became a secondary school, A fupil Teachers* Centre at V^aterfoot and Newchurch Grammar school were amalgamated to become the Bacup and Rawtenstall Secondary and Technical school. ./ICKNOWLJiDaMENTS. I wish to thank all those who have helped me by giving verbal information or documents which have been useful in the compilation of this thesis. Indeed v/ith- out their help, the thesis woald not have been possible. Among the former, 1 would especially like to thank Mrs. A.Rhodes and JVliss Ormerod who were able to recount their experiences as puT)il teachers and teachers in Ross• endale, and to Mr. H...(who wishes to remain anonymous) for his first hand information about Rawtenstall Technical school. Of the Tatter, I am most grateful to Mr. Medlock of Ra.wtenstall Corporation Offices who managed to find for me the minute books of Newchuroh School Board and Rawten• stall School Board,, and to Mr. L. Button, the Town Clerk of Haslingden who was most helpful in lending me minute books in his keeping. Many of the local clergy have helped in finding inform-' ation about their schools and of these I would especially mention the Rev. D. Baggeley, Rev. P.Montgomery, Rev. P. Downham, Rev. Tanner, Rev. Richardson, Can»on F.'Robinson, Rev. ti. Haydbn and Rev. A. A. Welsh. My thanks are also due to Mr. Franklin of the Public Records Office at Ashridge for his help in finding the records, and to Miss M. E. Forsythe of the Department of Education and Science for authorisation to examine records still closed under the Fifty Year rule. Finally my most sincere thanks are due to Mr. J. F. Willatt of the Education Department in Durham University, who as my supervisor has most painstakingly helped me with the text. I am grateful for his patience and kindness in making helpful suggestions for rearranging and improving the material. The form of the thesis is in no small measure due to his advice. • CONTENTS. Chapter Page Introduction. 1 1 The Establishment of Schools Before 1870. 4 ! 2 Administration in Rossendale Under the Elementary Education Acts. 11 3 The Formation of Newchurch School Board. 19 4 The Cloughfold Dispute. 37 5 The Incorporation of Bacup and the Division of Newchurch School Board. S3 6 The Enquiry at Lower Booths. 64 7 Tottington Higher End School Board. 77 8 Rawtenstall School Board and the Formation of the Boroughs of Rawtenstall and Haslingden. 83 9 The Problem of Attendance. 96 10 Education under the Codes of the Education Department. 114 11 Technical Education. 130 12 Continuation Evening Schools. 16^ 13 The Voluntary-Schools. 174 14 Problems associated with the Provision of Accommodation by the School Boards. 194 15 The Effect of the 1902 Act on Rossendale. 217 16 The Education Committees and the Voluntary Schools.233 17 The Work of the Education Committees. 1257 1R Secondary Education. 282 Conclusion. 296 Bibliography and References 321 Index of Schools and Principal Page References. 325 APPENDICES. A School Accommodation Notices. p. 300 B School Accommodation in the Borough of Bacup on Incorporation. p. 303 C School Accommodation in the Boroughs of Rawtenstall and Haslingden on Incorporation. p. 397 D Members of School Boards. p. 308 E School Board Bye-laws. p. 313 MAPS.* facing page Rossendale Place Names and Centres of Population. 1 Schools in Kossendale 1870. 7 Townships in Rossendale - School Districts, 12 Schools in Rossnndale 1880. 23 Cloughfold Area. 37 Borough of Baoup and Division of Newchurch. 53 Lower Booths. 64 Tottington Higher End. 81 Boroughs of Rawtenstall and Haslingden. 83 Schools in Rossendale 1902. 194 * The maps facing pages 1, 7, 23 and 194 have been taken from the One-Inch Ordnance Survey Map,, sheet 95, published 1953. The other maps have been taken from a Three-Inch map drawn by G. Faulkner and Sons, Manchester which is undated.As the boundaries of Bacup Borough are marked, but the railway between Bacup and Rochdale is not marked, the map must have been printed about 1882. This map is in Rawtenstall Library. For easy reference, a "pull out" Ordnance Survey map has been provided at the beginning of the thesis, and a "pull out" map of the townships has been p^vided at the end. FOOTNOTES. References are given in footnotes. Records of the Department of Education And Science preserved in the Public Records Office are shown P.R.O. followed by the class and piece number. References to chid newspapers are shown by the date and B.T. for Bacup Times and R.F.P. for Rossendale Free Press. References to old Minute Books are given by the date and the name of the body who kept the minutes, e.g. N.S.B. for JNewchurch School Board. KS'E.C. for Rawtenstall Education Committee. T.I.C. for Technical Instruction Committee. 5! i m o 12^ 5?= 1 INTRODUCTION The name Rossendale has been used in this thesis to denote that area covered by the municipal boroughs of Bacup, Rawtenstall and Haslingden. This area is the upper• most part of the Irwell basin, which forms a series of deep, narrow,.incised valleys, separated by stretches of high, wild moorland. Rossendale lies on the western flanks of the Pennines, the valley being narrow in the east and open• ing out in the west.* The boroughs of Bacup, Rawtenstall and Haslingden which now comprise the Rossendale valley, were formed from a score or so villages which were really units composed of a factory, near to an adequate water supply, and its operat• ives living in houses clustered around it. In some parts there was a ribbon development, thus between the centre of Bacup and Sharneyford there were, in the 1890's, some thirty factories. The railway running through the middle of the valley served as a lifeline, but the smaller villages had to rely on such roads as there were for their communications, and inevitably the communities living in much of the area with which we are concerned, were relatively isolated, as the map on page 1 shows. These isolated communities, devel• oped away from the parish churches, were strongholds of ^ see map facing page 1 nonconformity and so it is not surprising that many of the schools built were British (nondenominational). By the 1870's, the educational facilities in Rossendale compared favourably with those of the rest of the country, for the voluntary agencies had managed to provide sufficinnt school places, except for Sharneyford.
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