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Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO RADA NAUKOWA Przewodniczący Rady Naukowej Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Nowak | Rektor Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego Dr Denys Azarov | Uniwersytet Narodowy „Akademia Kijowsko-Mohylańska” Prof. Martin Bier | East California University Prof. dr hab. Andriy Boyko | Lwowski Uniwersytet Narodowy im. Iwana Franki Prof. Hugh J. Byrne | FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology Dr hab. Adrián Fábián | University of Pécs Prof. dr hab. Maria Flis | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Gadacz | Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie Dr Herbert Jacobson | Linköping Universitet Prof. dr hab. Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Miklós Kiss | University of Groningen Dr Erdenhuluu Khohchahar | Kyoto University Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Kotarba | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Oleksiy Kresin | Narodowa Akademia Nauk Ukrainy Prof. dr hab. Marta Kudelska | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Tomasz Mach | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Mania | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Dr Kristin McGee | University of Groningen Prof. dr hab. Karol Musioł | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. Biderakere E. Rangaswamy | Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology Dr Melanie Schiller | University of Groningen Prof. dr hab. Jacek Składzień | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Leszek Sosnowski | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. dr hab. Bogdan Szlachta | Uniwersytet Jagielloński Prof. Luigia di Terlizzi | Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro Prof. Matthias Theodor Vogt | Institut für kulturelle Infrastruktur Sachsen ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLOŃSKIEGO ____________________________________________________ NAUKI SPOŁECZNE ~ NUMER 20 (1/2018) ~ KRAKÓW 2018 Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów UJ ul. Czapskich 4/14, 31-110 Kraków www.doktoranci.uj.edu.pl/zeszyty Redaktor naczelna: Ewa Modzelewska Zastępczyni redaktor naczelnej: Iga Łomanowska Sekretarz redakcji: Rafał Kur Redaktor prowadzący serii: Krzysztof Popek Redaktorzy tomu: Emil Antipow, Karolina Blecharczyk, Marcin Klemenski, Arkadiusz Nyzio, Karolina Olszowska, Krzysztof Popek, Anna Rosowska, Justyna Rosowska, Aleksander Wróbel Publikacja finansowana ze środków Towarzystwa Doktorantów UJ Współpraca wydawnicza: WYDAWNICTWO n o w a s t r o n a www.wydawnictwonowastrona.pl e-mail: [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright by Towarzystwo Doktorantów UJ All rights reserved Wydanie I, Kraków 2018 Nakład: 60 egz. e-ISSN 2082-9213 p-ISSN 2299-2383 Spis treści MAGDALENA DEBITA 9 Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania i skutki nierównego dostępu obywateli do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce w świetle przepisów unijnych ONYEBUCHI DANIEL NLEWEM 25 Ethnicity and the Dilemma of Ethno-Communal Conflicts in North-Central Nigeria: The Case of Nasarawa State ALEKSANDRA BELINA 47 Crisis of Volunteerism? The Analysis of the Causes of Volunteers Resigning from Volunteering ANNA WÓJCIUK 63 Perswazyjna funkcja poszczególnych typów postaci występujących w reklamach społecznych MATEUSZ JANAS 83 Internacjonalizacja jako czynnik konkurencyjności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw w Polsce MICHAŁ SZYMAŃSKI 99 Program i doktryna Narodowodemokratycznej Partii Niemiec a swoboda działalności partii politycznych w demokratycznym państwie prawa EWELINA TARGOSZ 121 Social Inclusion in the Western Balkan’s Labour Market and its Effect on the Europeanisation Process MACIEJ MARCINOWSKI 141 Zmowa jako instrument zwalczania terroryzmu na przykładzie konfliktu w Irlandii Północnej AGATA GOMÓŁKA 161 Wpływ międzypłciowej luki płacowej na wydajność pracy BARBARA CYREK 175 Problem fluktuacji danych w badaniach prowadzonych w cyberprzestrzeni – casus komentarzy internetowych AGNIESZKA PODEMSKA 193 Kilka uwag na temat postępowania w sprawach nieletnich INFORMACJE O AUTORACH 215 Contents MAGDALENA DEBITA 9 Psychosocial Conditions and Consequences of Unequal Access to Medically Assisted Procreation in Poland in the Light of EU Regulations ONYEBUCHI DANIEL NLEWEM 25 Ethnicity and the Dilemma of Ethno-Communal Conflicts in North-Central Nigeria: The Case of Nasarawa State ALEKSANDRA BELINA 47 Crisis of Volunteerism? The Analysis of the Causes of Volunteers Resigning from Volunteering ANNA WÓJCIUK 63 Type of the Persons, which Occurs in the Social Advertisements MATEUSZ JANAS 83 Internationalization as a Factor of Competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises in Poland MICHAŁ SZYMAŃSKI 99 Program and Doctrine of the National Democratic Party of Germany and the Freedom of Activity of Political Parties in a Democratic State of Law EWELINA TARGOSZ 121 Social Inclusion in the Western Balkan’s Labour Market and its Effect on the Europeanisation Process MACIEJ MARCINOWSKI 141 Collusion as an Instrument of Counter-Terrorism, on Example of the Troubles AGATA GOMÓŁKA 161 The Impact of the Gender Pay Gap on Labor Productivity BARBARA CYREK 175 The Problem of Data Fluctuation in Research Carried Out in Cyberspace – the Casus of Online Comments AGNIESZKA PODEMSKA 193 Some Remarks about the Juvenile Proceedings ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS 215 ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UJ NAUKI SPOŁECZNE, NR 20 (1/2018), S. 9–23 E-ISSN 2082-9213 | P-ISSN 2299-2383 WWW.DOKTORANCI.UJ.EDU.PL/ZESZYTY/NAUKI-SPOLECZNE DOI: 10.26361/ZNTDSP.09.2018.20.01 MAGDALENA DEBITA UNIWERSYTET WROCŁAWSKI WYDZIAŁ PRAWA, ADMINISTRACJI I EKONOMII KATEDRA DOKTRYN POLITYCZNYCH I PRAWNYCH INTERDYSCYPLINARNA PRACOWNIA PRAWA MEDYCZNEGO I BIOETYKI E-MAIL: [email protected] DATA ZGŁOSZENIA: 20.06.2017 DATA PRZYJĘCIA DO DRUKU: 14.03.2018 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania i skutki nierównego dostępu obywateli do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce w świetle przepisów unijnych STRESZCZENIE Artykuł podejmuje kwestię dostępu do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce w kontekście jej psychospołecznych uwarunkowań i skutków. Autorka artykułu wśród najważniejszych uwarunkowań wymienia: regulacje prawne harmonizujące prawo polskie i unijne, społeczny postulat równości w dostępie do dystrybuowanych dóbr i świadczeń społecznych, oczekiwania par starających się o dziecko i cierpiących z powodu niepłodności. W wyniku analizy tych trzech fundamentalnych uwarunko- wań autorka stwierdza, że największy i najbardziej znaczący wpływ spośród anali- zowanych uwarunkowań ma kwestia równości dostępu do świadczeń, a właściwie jej braku. Stawia ponadto tezę, że powszechny dostęp obywateli do pomocy państwa w korzystaniu z medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji niesie korzystne skutki zarów- no dla państwa, jak i dla jego obywateli (w wymiarze demograficznym, gospodarczym, emerytalnym i społecznym). Zapewnianie i promowanie równości w dostępie oby- wateli do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji jest wyzwaniem dla rozwoju społe- czeństwa demokratycznego państwa prawa. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE niepłodność, medycznie wspomagana prokreacja, dostęp do medycznie wspomaga- nej prokreacji, równość w dostępie do świadczeń społecznych 10 MAGDALENA DEBITA __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wstęp W artykule podjęto problematykę psychospołecznych uwarunkowań i skut- ków dostępu obywateli do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce. Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania wiążą się w pierwszej kolejności z har- monizującymi prawo polskie i prawo unijne regulacjami prawnymi w dzie- dzinie medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji, jako że prawo to ważny element porządkowania stosunków społecznych1. Wśród przywołanych uwarunko- wań znajduje się także społeczny postulat gwarantowania przez państwo równości w dostępie do dystrybuowanych dóbr i świadczeń społecznych – tu świadczeń polityki prorodzinnej. Wspomniane uwarunkowania dotyczą też oczekiwań oraz potrzeb samych par dążących do posiadania dziecka, a potrzebujących pomocy w tej dziedzinie za pośrednictwem medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najważniejszych zjawisk, które mogą być konsekwencją ograniczenia obywatelom prawa do równości w dostępie do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji w Polsce w połowie drugiej dekady XXI wieku. Istotne staje się też zaprezentowanie, w jaki sposób można rozumieć, a także przyporządkować zasadę równości do sfery uprawnień obywateli w kwestii korzystania z usług przypisanych do medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji. Za podobnie ważną uznano potrzebę przedstawienia zarówno głównych niekorzystnych skutków dyskryminacji par, jak również efektów postawienia obywateli przed problemem nierówności w dostępie do me- dycznie wspomaganej prokreacji. W artykule przyjęto ponadto tezę, że skutki powszechnego dostępu obywateli do pomocy państwa w obszarze medycznie wspomaganej pro- kreacji mogą być pozytywne, prowadząc do poprawy dzietności w państwie i zabezpieczenia przyszłych potrzeb społecznych (na przykład emerytal- nych), podczas gdy ograniczenie dostępu i równości obywateli rodzi szereg niekorzystnych skutków, zarówno indywidualnych (dla osób i par), jak i sys- temowych (dla państwa). Uściślić należy, że ze względu na fakt, iż prawo krajowe w zakresie do- stępu do in vitro zostało już przez autorkę omówione w innym artykule, poniższe rozważania skupione będą wokół prawa unijnego. 1 W artykule pominięto dokładną analizę krajowych regulacji prawnych w przed- miocie medycznie wspomaganej
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